Unie 16: Organic Chemistry pthene (An example of Alkene) jatroduction: 1) Itis the simplest Alkene. 2) Itis a colourless gas havin, 3) Itis insoluble in water 4) Itisa neutral gas 5) Itis highly inflammable, 6) Itis present in natural 8S about 1 to 2%, 6 @ characteristic smell, formula eee Structuzal: F oH H det “EO gE e ; oy He Preparation: Cracking tn a gl i) Glass woo! soaked wit Porce lain Hydrocarbon [7 chips fore—_ Unit 16; CIE 0 Level Chemistry Notes 6: ne Chemical Properties of Ethene: (1) Combustion: it readily burns ¢: xothermically with a flame Poy ) COrand H:0. CoH. - 30; 2+ 2CO.7 2H20 AH=-ve (2) Addition reaction Definition: In such reactions, atoms are added in alkenes across the double bond always Imp resulting ina single saturated product. These are the characteristic Teactions of Test alkenes. ped | General representation:- A N H H : _ 7 Po xy ———> H—C—cC—H # | os y Examples of Addition Reactions: (@) Addition of He () Addition of Bro (©) Addition of HCl a (d) Addition of steam (H20) A) Addition of Hydrogen or Hydrogenation Ad H H HO OH \W. 7 4 | | ‘C=C +H: — + H—c—c—H J oN\ ™ | H H H oH Importance of Hydrogenation esi Oil has unsaturated fats, if hydrogen is passed through it then it becomes #0" Oil+ H: A, vargorine o Unsaturated Fats ~Ni, Saturated Fats of Note: no matter how many double bonds are present, an alkane is always fogs 3 Hydrogenation oY nH ORT Pt des H-C#C -C=C ~ H 42H, 2 H- CCU) | iit | Le? HH HH ae1) Addition of Bra H H NZ Hon aa +B ay roy —cCwcmy H H I | Br Br mportance: 1.2 dibromo-ethane est for alkene: fed brown solution of Brais decolourised by the addition of a Ik ny alkene. H HoH oR Note: CH: CH-CH=CH:+ 2B yd l { Popo pq! Br B: Bi Br hlore, ethane Ethane! (drink)Cle 0 Level Chemistry Notes egy 3) Polymerization , | Hightemoerature | H H HH nd pressure te = —_—* i, \ we Ni Traces of O28 | H H ) n | catalyst * Polyethene Polymer (Plastic) Many ethene Molecules Uses of Ethene: 1) It is used asa fuel 2) Itis used in making alcohol 3) Itis used in making Polyethene polymer ( plastic) Fractional Distillation of Liquid Petroleum: Principle: + Various fractions of petroleum separated from each other on the diff ference of boi points. ce Wil DIAGRAM cot (25°C) Retinery Heatec eruge oUnit 16: Organic Chemistry NOTE: petroleum Definition: tis thick brown oi Alcohol Representation: = R-OH e.g: CH; - OH 1. Definition: organic compounds containing OH group in the molecule >, General Formula for Alkohol is CyHane; OH : 3, Naming of alcohol: quid and isa complex mixture of many hydrocarbor y ns Rules: (a) The ending ‘e’ of alkane is replaced by ‘ol’, therefore alcohol is named as ‘Alkanol ie. Alkane a + Alkanol 01 eg’s (Methanol) OH (Ethanol) “-H2- CH:-CH:-OH — (Butanol) (b) The position OH group is mentioned from propanol onwards and numbering always starts from that terminal carbon atom from which OH group is closer, mention the position of the OH group before the name of parent alkanol. Examples: panol Or propan, 2 ol CH;~ CH: - CH:- CH: - OH i+ Butanol © falist groups are present in branching, then name the alkyl group first, _.S~ ‘ollowed by the name of parent alkanol, but priority in numbering is sive OF group, =e