OWB9A2501 SGSN Pool Solution Issue 1.20

SGSN Pool Solution
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the advantage of SGSN pool solution.
 Outline the key technique of SGSN pool.
 Outline the feature of Huawei SGSN Pool solution.
Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1. Advantages of SGSN Pool Networking
2. Key Technique of SGSN Pool
3. Huawei SGSN Pool Solution
Contents
Operators' Challenges
 As the subscriber capacity increases, more CN nodes are required, networks
become more and more complicated, and the OPEX increases.
 The CN NE with larger capacity presents higher requirements for network reliability.
 The tidal population flow results in load imbalance among the SGSNs.
 Subscribers demand higher and higher network reliability and are intolerant of
service interruption.
 As the subscriber capacity increases, the capacity of the signaling link over the Gr
interface needs to be expanded accordingly.
The SGSN pool solution can decrease the TCO (Total Cost of
Operation) and improve the service quality.
What is SGSN Pool
Pool
Traditional SGSN SGSN
1 2 network 1 2
network
IP bearer
network
BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC
1 2 1 2
 The one-to-many tree topology changes to the many-to-many full mesh network topology.
 Complete interconnection is required on the Iu/Gb interface. The IP-based Iu/Gb interface is the
precondition for the pool networking.
Advantages of the SGSN Pool Solution
Network
performance
improvement

The signaling traffic on the Gr
and Gn interfaces is reduced,
thus improving the network
Network capacity.
resource 
The handovers among the Network
sharing SGSNs are reduced, thus reliability
enhancing network efficiency

The resources are and improving the service
shared among the quality. 
The traffic in rush hours is
SGSNs, thus improving
shared among SGSNs, thus
resource usage on the
alleviating the pressure on
entire CN and reducing
the network.
the investment. 

The device-level network
The network expansion
disaster tolerance improves
and upgrade are simple
network reliability.
and efficient, thus
decreasing the OPEX. SGSN pool
Network Resource Sharing
 The peak traffic in different
areas and periods can be
distributed evenly to the
SGSN pool SGSNs.
 The resources are shared
among SGSNs, thus
reducing the investment.
BSS/RNS
Residential CBD
district
Effective Network Usage Improvement
Configured
Used
Used Configured Used Configured Configured Configured Configured

Used Used Used
400 K
200 500 K 400 K
800 1000 K 400 K
200 500 K 400 K 500 K 400 K 500 K 400 K 500 K
BSS/RNS BSS/RNS
Residential district CBD Residential district Residential district CBD Residential district
Non SGSN pool SGSN pool
 The tidal traffic problem is solved, thus reducing the CAPEX.

 For example, the capacity for 2,000,000 subscribers must be configured in traditional networking,
whereas the capacity for only 1,500,000 subscribers is required in SGSN pool networking, thus
saving 25% subscriber capacity.
Network Performance Improvement
 The pool networking expands the coverage of
HLR GGSN the SGSNs, thus reducing handovers and
location updates among offices and decreasing
SGSN1 SGSN2 SGSN3
signaling traffic on the Gr and Gn interfaces.
SGSN Pool
 The pool networking increases the handover
and location update success ratios, thus
improving the service quality.
BSS/RNS
Inter-SGSN RAU in rush hours before

and after the pool networking (times/per
Sub)
Network Reliability
SGSN pool
... BSS/RNS
.
Residential CBD
district
 If an SGSN fails, other SGSNs take over the services.
Contents
Key Technique for SGSN Pool
SGSN 1 SGSN 2 SGSN 3
Allocating NRIs (contained in
the P-TMSI) to the subscribers
BSC/RNC NNSF Non-access stratum (NAS)

node selection function.
 After detecting the first Attach/RAU request from the UE that enters the pool, the request is
routed to an SGSN in the pool through the NNSF function based on a load balancing
algorithm.
 The SGSN allocates an NRI to the UE. The subsequent services of the UE are all routed
through the NNSF function to the SGSN to which the NRI belongs.
Load Balancing Algorithm
 For subscribers that initially access the network or roam to
SGSN 1 the pool area, the P-TMSI does not contain a valid NRI. In
SGSN 2 SGSN 3
this case, the BSC/RNC distributes the subscribers
according to the capacity proportions of the SGSNs.
 If an SGSN fails or needs to off-load subscribers, the
BSC/RNC automatically adjusts the subscriber distribution
proportions of the SGSNs.
BSC/RNC  For subscribers that have registered with the SGSNs in the
NNSF
pool, the NRI is valid. In this case, the RAN node routes the
subscribers according to the NRI.
Status Capacity Proportion Status Capacity Proportion
SGSN 1 Normal 100 K 25% SGSN 1 Normal 100 K 50%
SGSN 2 Normal 200 K 50% SGSN 2 Inhibited/Off-load 200 K 0%
SGSN 3 Normal 100 K 25% SGSN 3 Normal 100K 50%
SGSN 2 fails or needs to off-load subscribers
NRI Allocation and Usage
P-TMSI structure in the pool networking
31 30 29-24 23-14 13-0 NRI=1 NRI=2&3 NRI=4
CS/PS Remaining For NRI Remaining

bytes bytes
NRI (in P-TMSI)

BSC/RNC NNSF
UE SGSN
TLLI (=P-TMSI)
NRI Length NRI Value
UE BSC SGSN 1 5 1
SGSN 2 5 2-3
IDNNS (with NRI)
SGSN 3 5 4
UE RNC
 The SGSN allocates an NRI that is contained in the P-TMSI. The UE carries the NRI in the TLLI
information element in the 2G scenario or in the IDNNS information element in the 3G scenario.
 The BSC/RNC routes subscriber messages according to the mappings between NRIs and SGSNs.
Disaster Tolerance Principle
SGSN 1 SGSN2 SGSN3 CN Node Status Capacity Load Sharing
Proportion
SGSN1 Normal 1000K 25%
SGSN2 SGSN3 Normal 1000K 25%

fails
BSC/RNC NNSF
CN Node Status Capacity Load Sharing
Proportion
SGSN2 Inhibited/Off- 2000K 0%

load
 RAN node will judge whether SGSN is available through link detection mechanism
 When an RAN node detects that an SGSN becomes faulty, the service is not routed to that
SGSN and the load sharing proportion is automatically adjusted.
Summary of the NNSF Functions
CN Node Status NRI Length NRI Value
SGSN 1 Normal 5 1
Normal
SGSN 2 Off-load 5 2, 3
SGSN 3 Inhibited 5 Invalid
 When the NRI is valid, the SGSN is selected according to the NRI
routing table preferably.
NNSF  Faulty SGSN is not on the routing table list. The off-load SGSN is
unaffected.
BSC/RNC CN Node Status Capacity Proportion
SGSN 1 Normal 1000 K 50%

Off-load Inhibited
SGSN 2 Inhibited/Off-load 2000 K 0%
Faulty or restored SGSN 3 Normal 1000 K 50%
 When the NRI is invalid, the SGSN is selected according

to the capacity proportion.
 No faulty or off-load SGSN is selected.
NNSF core: CN node selection based on "three statuses and two

tables"
Contents
Key Issue of SGSN Pool - O&M
 The data configuration workload multiples.
 The load of each SGSN in the pool must be monitored and load
redistribution must be performed to ensure load balance among the
SGSNs in the pool.
 The traffic statistics of all offices in the pool area are required.
 The commissioning is difficult and the SGSN where a subscriber is
located must be traced.
 When the networking adopts devices of multiple vendors, the
centralized network management is required.
The SGSN pool networking presents higher requirements for

operation and maintenance.
Centralized Network Management
Intelligent configuration
management

Centralized data configuration

Automatic or manual data consistency
check

Data synchronization
iManager M2000
Visualized management
Simple

Performance measurement on the pool
Efficient
basis

Real-time load monitoring
Reliable

Topology manifestation

Subscriber query
Flexible load adjustment


Load imbalance alarm

Flexible load redistribution modes
Centralized Data Configuration
 Data, such as the routing area data, iManager M2000
must be configured on all the NEs of
the same category.
 The parameters for the SGSN pool
SGSN
solution are set in a centralized manner,
BSC/RNC
including:
 SGSN ID
 NRI
 NRI length
 Null-NRI
 Non-broadcast RAI
 Load balancing algorithm of RAN nodes
 SGSN status on the RAN nodes
Data Consistency Check
 Data configuration consistency Configure manual data
consistency check.
check can be performed
automatically or manually.
 The check result lists the
inconsistent data configurations and
prompts you to rectify the Configure automatic
inconsistency. data consistency check.
iManager M2000
Data Synchronization
4. An MML command is
automatically
generated according to
the change and then
3. Select the reference NE and target NE. delivered to the NE.
The data on the target NE will be Then, the configuration
changed according to the data takes effect.
configuration on the reference NE.
1. The inconsistent
configuration data is
displayed in red.
2. You can change the

inconsistent
configuration data
through the data
synchronization
function.
Real-time Load Monitoring
The loads of the
iManager M2000 SGSNs are monitored
in real time in a
centralized manner.
If the load difference between

SGSNs exceeds a preset
threshold, a load imbalance
alarm is generated.
Fast Subscriber Location
iManager M2000
 The SGSN where a

subscriber resides can be
located quickly through the
BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC
MSISDN or IMSI.
Pool-Level KPIs
 The KPIs of the SGSNs in the pool can be collected automatically and summarized
into the KPIs of the pool.
For example: Number of subscribers in Pool-level
the pool KPI report
= Number of subscribers on SGSN 1 +

Number of subscribers on SGSN 2
+ ...+ Number of subscribers on SGSN m SGSN pool
Performance measurement
Flexible Load Redistribution Modes

2. The load
23% redistribution
3. The relocation instruction is
progress can be delivered to
monitored. SGSN 1.
iManager M2000
1. All RNCs
are informed BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC
of load SGSN pool
redistribution
for SGSN 1.
 Relocation of all or part of subscribers  Relocation of specific subscribers

 Relocation of subscribers of a specific  Relocation of subscribers to a specific
BSC/RNC SGSN
Load Redistribution Application
2. Relocate all 8. The load is
subscribers on the balanced.
SGSN to be
upgraded or
replaced.
1. Prepare for 9. The entire
The relocation procedure
SGSN upgrade or procedure is
is monitored in real time.
replacement. complete.
3. The subscriber
relocation is complete. 7. Relocate the subscribers
to the SGSN after the
upgrade, replacement, or
5. The upgrade expansion.
is complete.
4. The SGSN is in the off-load 6. The subscribers are

state and the upgrade or relocated back to the
replacement procedure is original SGSN.
started.
The impact of the upgrade or expansion should be minimized through

load redistribution and real-time monitoring functions.
Charging Solution
The G-CDR
contains the
location information. CG
The SGSN needs to inform the
CG of the RAI information in
GGSN
real time. In addition, the SGSN
The SGSN informs The S-CDR needs to inform the GGSN of
the GGSN of the contains the the RAI information in real time
subscriber location location
information. so that the G-CDR can contain
information.
the location information.
SGSN pool
RA1 RA2

If the SGSN pool covers multiple charging areas, the RAI-based charging is recommended.

The SGSN, GGSN, and CG provide the RAI information in the CDRs and the BOSS supports
the RAI-based charging.
Multiple Networking Modes
BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC

Pool area 2 Pool area 1
Pool area 1
SGSNs in a pool serving
Pool area the RAN nodes outside
overlapping the pool
2G and 3G mixed pool BSC RNC BSC RNC

Pool area 1
Summary
 The realization of the IP-based Iu/Gb interface is the prerequisite for
implementing the SGSN pool project.
 The SGSN pool networking effectively improves network efficiency and

reliability.
 Huawei SGSN pool provides a centralized O&M scheme to simplify

network maintenance.
 The flexible load re-allocation mechanism improves the project

implementation efficiency.
 Multiple SGSN pool networking modes are supported to adapt to different

application scenarios.
Thank you
www.huawei.com

OWB9A2501 SGSN Pool Solution Issue 1.20

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SGSN Pool Solution

Copyright © 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Outline the key technique of SGSN pool.

 Outline the feature of Huawei SGSN Pool solution.

2. Key Technique of SGSN Pool

3. Huawei SGSN Pool Solution

2. Key Technique of SGSN Pool

3. Huawei SGSN Pool Solution

BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC

Used Configured Used Configured Configured Configured Configured

Non SGSN pool SGSN pool

 The tidal traffic problem is solved, thus reducing the CAPEX.

Inter-SGSN RAU in rush hours before

 If an SGSN fails, other SGSNs take over the services.

2. Key Technique of SGSN Pool

3. Huawei SGSN Pool Solution

BSC/RNC NNSF Non-access stratum (NAS)

Status Capacity Proportion Status Capacity Proportion

SGSN 1 Normal 100 K 25% SGSN 1 Normal 100 K 50%

SGSN 2 Normal 200 K 50% SGSN 2 Inhibited/Off-load 200 K 0%

SGSN 3 Normal 100 K 25% SGSN 3 Normal 100K 50%

SGSN 2 fails or needs to off-load subscribers

CS/PS Remaining For NRI Remaining

NRI (in P-TMSI)

SGSN1 Normal 1000K 25%

SGSN2 Normal 2000K 50%

SGSN2 SGSN3 Normal 1000K 25%

SGSN1 Normal 1000K 50%

SGSN2 Inhibited/Off- 2000K 0%

SGSN 3 Inhibited 5 Invalid

SGSN 1 Normal 1000 K 50%

Faulty or restored SGSN 3 Normal 1000 K 50%

 When the NRI is invalid, the SGSN is selected according

NNSF core: CN node selection based on "three statuses and two

2. Key Technique of SGSN Pool

3. Huawei SGSN Pool Solution

The SGSN pool networking presents higher requirements for

Flexible load adjustment

2. You can change the

SGSN 1 SGSN 2 SGSN 3

If the load difference between

SGSN 1 SGSN 2 SGSN 3

 The SGSN where a

= Number of subscribers on SGSN 1 +

SGSN 1 SGSN 2 SGSN 3

 Relocation of all or part of subscribers  Relocation of specific subscribers

4. The SGSN is in the off-load 6. The subscribers are

The impact of the upgrade or expansion should be minimized through

BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC BSC/RNC

2G and 3G mixed pool BSC RNC BSC RNC

 The SGSN pool networking effectively improves network efficiency and

 Huawei SGSN pool provides a centralized O&M scheme to simplify

 The flexible load re-allocation mechanism improves the project

 Multiple SGSN pool networking modes are supported to adapt to different

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