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Lenovo
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Main page Lenovo Group Limited, often shortened to Lenovo (/ləˈnoʊvoʊ/ lə-NOH-voh), is a Chinese[4] multinational
Lenovo Group Limited
Contents technology company. Incorporated in Hong Kong, it has global headquarters in Beijing, China,[5][6] operational
Current events headquarters in Morrisville, North Carolina, US, and an operational center in Singapore.[7][1] The company
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designs, develops, manufactures, and sells personal computers, tablet computers, smartphones, workstations,
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servers, supercomputers, electronic storage devices, IT management software, and smart televisions, and is the
Donate world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales as of January 2021.[8] It also markets the ThinkPad and
ThinkBook business lines of laptop computers; IdeaPad, Yoga, and Legion consumer lines of laptop computers;
Contribute and the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre lines of desktop computers.
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Lenovo has operations in over 60 countries and sells its products in around 180 countries. It has research
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Community portal centers in Beijing, Chengdu, Yamato (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan), Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Morrisville
Recent changes (North Carolina, US),[9] and also has Lenovo NEC Holdings, a joint venture with NEC that produces personal
Upload file computers for the Japanese market.
Lenovo headquarters in Haidian District,
Lenovo was founded in Beijing in November 1984 as Legend, and was incorporated in Hong Kong in 1988. Beijing
Tools
Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005 and agreed to acquire its Intel-based server Native name 联想集团有限公司
What links here
Related changes business in 2014. Lenovo entered the smartphone market in 2012 and as of 2014 was the largest vendor of Romanized Liánxiǎng Jítuán Yǒuxiàn
name Gōngsī
Special pages smartphones in mainland China. In 2014, Lenovo acquired Motorola Mobility from Google. In 2017, Lenovo
Type Public
Permanent link acquired Fujitsu's personal computer business.[10][11]
Page information Traded as SEHK: 992
Cite this page Lenovo is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Hang Seng China-Affiliated OTC Pink: LNVGY
Wikidata item Corporations Index, often referred to as the "red chip" stocks. Industry Computer hardware
Electronics
Print/export Contents [hide] Founded 1 November 1984; 36 years
ago (as Legend 联想)
Download as PDF 1 History
Beijing
Printable version 1.1 1984–1993: Founding and early history
Founder Liu Chuanzhi
1.2 1994–1998: IPO, second offerings, and bond sales
In other projects Headquarters Hong Kong, China
1.3 1999–2010: IBM purchase and sale of smartphone division (legal domicile)
Wikimedia Commons
1.4 2011–2013: Re-entering smartphone market and other ventures Singapore
(operational center)
Languages 1.5 2014–present: Purchase of IBM server lines and other acquisitions Morrisville, North Carolina, US
Deutsch 2 Name (operational headquarters)[1]
Español 3 Products and services Area served Worldwide
Français 3.1 Personal and business computing Key people Yang Yuanqing
한국어 3.2 Smartphones Products Smartphones, desktops,
Italiano servers, laptops, tablet
3.3 Smart televisions
Русский computers, netbooks,
3.4 Wearables supercomputers, peripherals,
Tagalog
3.5 IoT / Smart Home printers, televisions, scanners,
Tiếng Việt
storage devices
中文 3.6 Lenovo Connect
Revenue US$50.71 billion (2020)[2]
4 Operations
64 more Operating US$1.438 billion (2020)[2]
5 Corporate affairs income
Edit links 5.1 Financials and market share Net income US$804 million (2020)[2]
5.2 Ownership Total assets US$32.12 billion (2020)[2]
5.3 Corporate culture
Total equity US$4.059 billion (2020)[2]
5.4 Leadership
Owner Legend Holdings (30.6%)
6 Marketing and sponsorships
Number of ~63,000 (2020)[2]
6.1 Celebrity sponsorships and endorsements employees
6.2 Sporting sponsorship Subsidiaries Motorola Mobility[3]
6.3 Television, internet, and other media Medion
Website www.lenovo.com
6.4 China
6.5 India
6.6 Africa Lenovo
6.7 United States Chinese Lenovo
6.8 Goodweird Simplified Chinese 联想集团有限公司
7 Controversies Traditional Chinese 聯想集團有限公司
7.1 Superfish Literal meaning Lenovo Group Limited
7.2 Lenovo Service Engine Transcriptions [show]
7.3 Lenovo Customer Feedback program
7.4 Lenovo Accelerator
7.5 Supplier controversy
7.6 U.S. Marine network security breach
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links

History [ edit ]

1984–1993: Founding and early history [ edit ]

Liu Chuanzhi, along with a group of ten experienced engineers, officially founded Lenovo in Beijing on November 1,
1984, with 200,000 yuan.[12][13] The Chinese government approved Lenovo's incorporation on the same day. Jia Xufu
(贾续福), one of the founders of Lenovo, indicated that the first meeting in preparation for starting the company was
held on October 17 the same year. Eleven people, the entirety of the initial staff, attended. Each of the founders was a
member of the Institute of Computing Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The 200,000 yuan
used as start-up capital was approved by Zeng Maochao (曾茂朝). The name for the company agreed upon at this
meeting was the Chinese Academy of Sciences Computer Technology Research Institute New Technology
Development Company.[12] In 1984, Lenovo was founded in
Beijing by a team of eleven engineers
The organizational structure of the company was established in 1985 after the Chinese New Year. It included a
from the Institute of Computing
technology, engineering, administrative, and office departments.[12] The group first attempted to import televisions but Technology of the Chinese Academy of
failed. It rebuilt itself as a company doing quality checks on computers. It also tried and failed to market a digital Sciences (CAS), led by Liu
watch. In 1990, Lenovo started to manufacture and market computers using its own brand name.[14] Chuanzhi.[12]

In May 1988, Lenovo placed its first recruitment advertisement on the front page of the China Youth News. Such ads
were quite rare in China at the time. Out of the 500 respondents, 280 were selected to take a written employment exam. 120 of these candidates were
interviewed in person. Although interviewers initially only had authority to hire 16 people, 58 were given offers. The new staff included 18 people with graduate
degrees, 37 with undergraduate degrees, and three students with no university-level education. Their average age was 26. Yang Yuanqing, the current
chairman and CEO of Lenovo, was among that group.[12]

Liu Chuanzhi received government permission to form a subsidiary in Hong Kong and to move there along with five other employees. Liu's father, already in
Hong Kong, furthered his son's ambitions through mentoring and facilitating loans. Liu moved to Hong Kong in 1988. To save money during this period, Liu
and his co-workers walked instead of taking public transportation. To keep up appearances, they rented hotel rooms for meetings.[12]

Some of the company's early successes included the KT8920 mainframe computer.[12] It also developed a circuit board that allowed IBM-compatible personal
computers to process Chinese characters.[14]

1994–1998: IPO, second offerings, and bond sales [ edit ]

Lenovo (known at the time as Legend) became publicly traded after a 1994 Hong Kong IPO that raised nearly US$30 million.[15] Prior to the IPO, many
analysts were optimistic about Lenovo. On its first day of trading, the company's stock price hit a high of HK$2.07 and closed at HK$2.00. Proceeds from the
offering were used to finance sales offices in Europe, North America and Australia, to expand and improve production and research and development, and to
increase working capital.[12]

By 1996, Lenovo was the market leader in China and began selling its own laptop.[15] By 1998 it held 43 percent of the domestic computer marketshare in
China, selling approximately one million computers.[15]

Lenovo released its Tianxi (天禧) computer in 1998. Designed to make it easy for inexperienced Chinese consumers to use computers and access the
internet, one of its most important features was a button that instantly connected users to the internet and opened the Web browser. It was co-branded with
China Telecom and it was bundled with one year of Internet service. The Tianxi was released in 1998. It was the result of two years of research and
development. It had a pastel-colored, shell-shaped case and a seven-port USB hub under its screen. As of 2000, the Tianxi was the best-selling computer in
Chinese history. It sold more than 1,000,000 units in 2000 alone.[16]
1999–2010: IBM purchase and sale of smartphone division [ edit ]

To fund its continued growth, Lenovo issued a secondary offering of 50 million shares on the Hong Kong market in
March 2000 and raised about US$212 million.[12] It rebranded to the name Lenovo in 2003 and began making
acquisitions to expand the company.[15]

Lenovo acquired IBM's personal computer business in 2005, including the ThinkPad laptop and tablet lines.[17]
Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's personal computer division accelerated access to foreign markets while improving both
Lenovo's branding and technology.[18] Lenovo paid US$1.25 billion for IBM's computer business and assumed an
additional US$500 million of IBM's debt. This acquisition made Lenovo the third-largest computer maker worldwide by
volume.[19]
The ThinkPad logo, as seen on the
In regards to the purchase of IBM's personal computer division, Liu Chuanzhi said, "We benefited in three ways from ThinkPad X100e laptop computer.
Lenovo purchased the ThinkPad line
the IBM acquisition. We got the ThinkPad brand, IBM's more advanced PC manufacturing technology and the
from IBM in 2005.
company's international resources, such as its global sales channels and operation teams. These three elements
have shored up our sales revenue in the past several years."[19] The people of ThinkPad laptops and Think Centre
desktops became part of the Lenovo team. Not only the brand, Lenovo also owned the award engineers manufacturing team，etc.[20]

IBM acquired an 18.9% shareholding in Lenovo in 2005 as part of Lenovo's purchase of IBM's personal computing division.[21] Since then, IBM has steadily
reduced its holdings of Lenovo stock. In July 2008, IBM's interest in Lenovo fell below the 5% threshold that mandates public disclosure.[22]

Mary Ma, Lenovo's chief financial officer from 1990 to 2007, was in charge of investor relations. Under her leadership, Lenovo successfully integrated
Western-style accountability into its corporate culture. Lenovo's emphasis on transparency earned it a reputation for the best corporate governance among
mainland Chinese firms. All major issues regarding its board, management, major share transfers, and mergers and acquisitions were fairly and accurately
reported.[citation needed] While Hong Kong-listed firms were only required to issue financial reports twice per year, Lenovo followed the international norm of
issuing quarterly reports. Lenovo created an audit committee and a compensation committee with non-management directors. The company started
roadshows twice per year to meet institutional investors. Ma organized the first-ever investor relations conference held in mainland China. The conference
was held in Beijing in 2002 and televised on China Central Television (CCTV). Liu and Ma co-hosted the conference and both gave speeches on corporate
governance.[12]

Lenovo sold its smartphone and tablet division in 2008 for US$100 million in order to focus on personal computers and then paid US$200 million to buy it back
in November 2009.[23] As of 2009, the mobile division ranked third in terms of unit share in China's mobile handset market.[24] Lenovo invested CN¥100
million in a fund dedicated to providing seed funding for mobile application development for its LeGarden online app store. As of 2010, LeGarden had more
than 1,000 programs available for the LePhone. At the same time, LeGarden counted 2,774 individual developers and 542 developer companies as
members.[25]

2011–2013: Re-entering smartphone market and other ventures [ edit ]

On January 27, 2011, Lenovo formed a joint venture to produce personal computers with Japanese electronics firm NEC. The companies said in a statement
that they would establish a new company called Lenovo NEC Holdings, to be registered in the Netherlands. NEC received US$175 million in Lenovo stock.
Lenovo was to own a 51% stake in the joint venture, while NEC would have 49%. Lenovo has a five-year option to expand its stake in the joint venture.[26]
This joint venture was intended to boost Lenovo's worldwide sales by expanding its presence in Japan, a key market
for personal computers. NEC spun off its personal computer business into the joint venture. As of 2010, NEC
controlled about 20% of Japan's market for personal computers while Lenovo had a 5% share. Lenovo and NEC also
agreed to explore cooperating in other areas such as servers and tablet computers.[27]

Roderick Lappin, chairman of the Lenovo–NEC joint venture, told the press that the two companies will expand their
co-operation to include the development of tablet computers.[28]

In June 2011, Lenovo announced that it planned to acquire control of Medion, a German electronics manufacturing
company. Lenovo said the acquisition would double its share of the German computer market, making it the third-
The Lenovo Vibe X smartphone at a
largest vendor by sales (after Acer and Hewlett-Packard). The deal, which closed in the third quarter of the same launch event, 2014
year, was claimed by The New York Times as "the first in which a Chinese company acquired a well-known German
company."[29]

This acquisition will give Lenovo 14% of the German computer market. Gerd Brachmann, chairman of Medion, agreed to sell two-thirds of his 60 percent stake
in the company. He will be paid in cash for 80 percent of the shares and will receive 20 percent in Lenovo stock. That would give him about one percent of
Lenovo.[29]

In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the Brazil-based electronics company Digibras, which sells products under the brand-name CCE, for a base
price of 300 million reals (US$148 million) in a combination of stock and cash. An additional payment of 400 million reals was made dependent upon
performance benchmarks.[30][31] Prior to its acquisition of CCE, Lenovo already established a $30 million factory in Brazil, but Lenovo's management had felt
that they needed a local partner to maximize regional growth. Lenovo cited their desire to take advantage of increased sales due to the 2014 World Cup that
would be hosted by Brazil and the 2016 Summer Olympics and CCE's reputation for quality.[32] Following the acquisition, Lenovo announced that its
subsequent acquisitions would be concentrated in software and services.[33]

In September 2012, Lenovo agreed to acquire the United States-based software company Stoneware, in its first
software acquisition. The transaction was expected to close by the end of 2012; no financial details have been
disclosed.[34][35] Lenovo said that the company was acquired in order to gain access to new technology and that
Stoneware is not expected to significantly affect earnings. More specifically, Stoneware was acquired to further
Lenovo's efforts to improve and expand its cloud-computing services. For the two years prior to its acquisition,
Stoneware partnered with Lenovo to sell its software. During this period Stoneware's sales doubled. Stoneware was
The signing ceremony for the
founded in 2000. As of September 2012, Stoneware is based in Carmel, Indiana and has 67 employees.[36][37] LenovoEMC joint venture, with Yang
Yuanqing standing in the middle (fifth
Lenovo re-entered the smartphone market in 2012 and quickly became the largest vendor of smartphones in
from the left) in the back row
mainland China.[38] Entry into the smartphone market was paired with a change of strategy from "the one-size-fits-all"
to a diverse portfolio of devices.[39] These changes were driven by the popularity of Apple's iPhone and Lenovo's
desire to increase its market share in mainland China. Lenovo surpassed Apple Inc. to become the No. 2 provider of smartphones in the domestic Chinese
market in 2012.[39] However, due to there being about 100 smartphone brands sold in China, this second only equated to a 10.4% market share.[39]

In May 2012, Lenovo announced an investment of US$793 million in the construction of a mobile phone manufacturing and R&D facility in Wuhan, Hubei.[40]

In 2013, Lenovo created a joint venture with EMC named LenovoEMC.[41] The venture took over Iomega's business and rebranded all of Iomega's products
under the LenovoEMC brand, and designed products for small and medium-sized businesses that could not afford enterprise-class data storage.[42][43][44]
Lenovo has since retired all of the LenovoEMC products on their product page advising that the products are no longer available for purchase on
lenovo.com.[45]

2014–present: Purchase of IBM server lines and other acquisitions [ edit ]

IBM's sold its Intel-based server lines, including IBM System x and IBM BladeCenter, to Lenovo in 2014.[46] Lenovo says
it will gain access to more enterprise customers, improve its profit margins, and develop a closer relationship with Intel,
the maker of most server processors, through its acquisition of IBM's x86-based server business.[47] On 1 October 2014,
Lenovo closed its acquisition of IBM's server division, with the final price put at $2.1 billion.[48] Lenovo said this
acquisition came in at a price lower than the previously announced $2.3 billion partially because of a change in the value Corporate logo (1984–2003)
of IBM inventories. The deal has been already approved by Europe, China and the United States. The United States
Department of Treasury Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) was reportedly the last hurdle
Corporate logo (2003–2015)
for Lenovo, since the United States has the strictest policies. According to Timothy Prickett-Morgan from Enterprise
Tech, the deal still awaits "approval of regulators in China, the European Commission, and Canada".[49]

After closing, Lenovo said that its goal was to become the world's largest maker of servers. Lenovo also announced Corporate logo (2015–present)
plans to start integrating IBM's workforce.[50] The acquisition added about 6,500 new employees to Lenovo. Lenovo said
that it has no immediate intent to cut jobs. Lenovo said that positions in research and development and customer-facing
roles such as marketing would be "100% protected", but expected "rationalization" of its supply chain and procurement.[51]

On 29 January 2014, Google announced it would sell Motorola Mobility to Lenovo for US$2.91 billion. As of February 2014,
Google owned about 5.94% of Lenovo's stock. The deal included smartphone lines like the Moto X, Moto G, Droid Turbo,
and the future Motorola Mobility product roadmap, while Google retained the Advanced Technologies & Projects unit and all
but 2,000 of the company's patents.[52] Lenovo received royalty free licenses to all the patents retained by Google.[53]
Lenovo received approval from the European Union for its acquisition of Motorola in June 2014.[54] The acquisition was
completed on 30 October 2014. Motorola Mobility remained headquartered in Chicago, and continued to use the Motorola
brand, but Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile device business, became the head of the company.[55][56]

In April 2014, Lenovo purchased a portfolio of patents from NEC related to mobile technology. These included over 3,800
patent families in countries around the world. The purchase included standards-essential patents for 3G and LTE cellular
technologies and other patents related to smartphones and tablets.[57] Motorola Moto X

In May 2015, Lenovo revealed a new logo at Lenovo Tech World in Beijing, with the slogan "Innovation Never Stands Still"
(Chinese: 创新无止境). Lenovo's new logo, created by Saatchi, can be changed by its advertising agencies and sales partners, within restrictions, to fit the
context. It has a lounging "e" and is surrounded by a box that can be changed to use a relevant scene, solid color, or photograph. Lenovo's Chief Marketing
Officer David Roman said, "When we first started looking at it, it wasn't about just a change in typography or the look of the logo. We asked 'If we really are a
net-driven, customer-centric company, what should the logo look like?' We came up with the idea of a digital logo first [...] designed to be used on the internet
and adaptable to context."[58]

In early June 2015, Lenovo announced plans to sell up to US$650 million in five-year bonds denominated in Chinese yuan. The bonds were sold in Hong
Kong with coupon ranging from 4.95% to 5.05%. This is only the second sale of bonds in Lenovo's history. Financial commentators noted that Lenovo was
paying a premium to list the bonds in yuan given relatively low costs for borrowing in US dollars.[59]
Lenovo said that its x86 servers will be available to all its channel partners. Lenovo plans to cut prices on x86 products in order to gain market share.[60] This
goes in alliance with IBM's vision of the future around cloud technologies and their own POWER processor architecture.[61]

Lenovo's acquisition of IBM's businesses is arguably one of the greatest case studies on merging massive international enterprises. Though this acquisition in
2005 ultimately resulted in success, the integration of the businesses had a difficult and challenging beginning. Lenovo had employees from different cultures,
different backgrounds, and different languages.[62] These differences caused misunderstandings, hampering trust and the ability to build a new corporate
culture. At the end of its first two years, Lenovo Group had met many of its original challenges, including integrating two disparate cultures in the newly formed
company, maintaining the Think brand image for quality and innovation, and improving supply chain and manufacturing efficiencies.[63] However, Lenovo had
failed to meet a key objective of the merger: leveraging the combined strength of the two companies to grow volume and market share.[63] In order to achieve
success, Lenovo embraced diversify at multiple levels- business model, culture, and talent. By 2015, Lenovo grew into the world's number 1 PC maker,
number 3 smartphone manufacturer and number 3 in the production of tablet computers.[64]

In March 2017, Lenovo announced it was partnering with Fort Lauderdale, Florida-based software storage virtualization company DataCore to add DataCore's
parallel I/O-processing software to Lenovo's storage devices.[65] The servers were reportedly designed to outperform Storage Area Network (SAN) SAN
arrays.[65]

In 2017 Lenovo formed a joint venture with Fujitsu and the Development Bank of Japan (DBJ).[66] In the joint venture, Fujitsu would sell Lenovo a 51% stake
in Fujitsu Client Computing Limited. DBJ would acquire a 5% stake.

In September 2018 Lenovo and NetApp announced about strategic partnership and joint venture in China. As part of strategic partnership Lenovo started two
new lines of storage systems: DM-Series and DE-Series. Both storage systems using Lenovo hardware and NetApp software: DM-Series using ONTAP OS
and DE-Series SANtricity OS.

In 2018, Lenovo became the world's largest provider for the TOP500 supercomputers.[67]

Name [ edit ]

"Lenovo" is a portmanteau of "Le-" (from Legend) and "novo", Latin ablative for "new". The Chinese name (simplified
Chinese: 联想; traditional Chinese: 聯想; pinyin: Liánxiǎng) means "association" (as in "association of ideas"),
"associative thinking", or "connected thinking". It also implies creativity.[68] "Lianxiang" was first used to refer to a
layout of Chinese typewriters in the 1950s organized into groups of common words and phrases rather than the
standard dictionary layout.[69]

For the first 20 years of its existence, the company's English name was "Legend". In 2002, Yang Yuanqing decided to
abandon the Legend English name to expand beyond the Chinese home market. "Legend" was already in use by
many businesses worldwide (whose products and services (in the United States, for example) would include those
Lenovo advertisement at the
from both the technological and non-technological arenas of industry and commerce),[70] making it impossible to
Consumer Electronics Show, 2012
register in many jurisdictions outside China. In April 2003, the company publicly announced its new English name,
"Lenovo", with an advertising campaign including huge billboards and primetime television ads. Lenovo spent 18
million RMB on an eight-week television advertising campaign. The billboards showed the Lenovo logo against blue sky with a slogan that read,
"Transcendence depends on how you think." By the end of 2003, Lenovo had spent a total of 200 million RMB on rebranding.[12]
Products and services [ edit ]

Lenovo is a manufacturer of personal computers, smartphones, televisions, and wearable devices. Some of the company's earliest products included the
KT8920 mainframe computer[12] and a circuit board that allowed IBM-compatible personal computers to process Chinese characters.[14] One of its first
computers was the Tianxi (天禧), released in 1998 in the Chinese market. It became the best selling computer in Chinese history in 2000.[16]

Personal and business computing [ edit ]

Lenovo markets the ThinkPad, IdeaPad, Yoga, Legion and Xiaoxin (小新; Chinese market only) lines of laptops, as well as the IdeaCentre and ThinkCentre
lines of desktops.[71] It expanded significantly in 2005 through its acquisition of IBM's personal computer business, including its ThinkPad and ThinkCentre
lines. As of January 2013, shipments of THINK-branded computers have doubled since Lenovo's takeover of the brand, with profit margins thought to be
above 5%.[72] Lenovo aggressively expanded the THINK brand away from traditional laptop computers in favor of tablets and hybrid devices such as the
ThinkPad Tablet 2, ThinkPad Yoga, ThinkPad 8, ThinkPad Helix, and ThinkPad Twist; the shift came as a response to the growing popularity of mobile
devices, and the release of Windows 8 in October 2012. Lenovo achieved significant success with this high-value strategy and in 2013 controlled more than
40% of the market for Windows computers priced above $900 in the United States.[73]

ThinkPad [ edit ]
Main article: ThinkPad

The ThinkPad is a line of business-oriented laptop computers known for their boxy black design, modeled after a
traditional Japanese bento.[76] The ThinkPad was originally an IBM product developed at the Yamato Facility in Japan
by Arimasa Naitoh (内藤在正, Naitō Arimasa);[77] they have since been developed, manufactured and sold by Lenovo
after early 2005, following its acquisition of IBM's personal computer division. The ThinkPad has been used in space
and were the only laptops certified for use on the International Space Station.[78]

ThinkCentre [ edit ]
Main article: ThinkCentre

The ThinkCentre is a line of business-oriented desktop computers which was introduced in 2003 by IBM and since
A Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon
has been produced and sold by Lenovo since 2005.[79] ThinkCentre computers typically include mid-range to high-
Ultrabook with extensive use of
end processors, options for discrete graphics cards, and multi-monitor support. Similar to the ThinkPad line of lightweight and durable carbon fiber
computers, there have been budget lines of ThinkCentre branded computers in the past. Some examples of this technology[74][75]
include: M55e series, A50 series, M72 series. These "budget" lines are typically "thin clients" however.[80]

ThinkServer, followed by ThinkSystem [ edit ]

Main article: ThinkServer

The ThinkServer product line began with the TS100 from Lenovo.[81] The server was developed under agreement with IBM, by which Lenovo would produce
single-socket and dual-socket servers based on IBM's xSeries technology.[81] An additional feature of the server design was a support package aimed at small
businesses.[81] The focus of this support package was to provide small businesses with software tools to ease the process of server management and reduce
dependence on IT support.[82]
On June 20, 2017, Lenovo's Data Center Group relaunched the ThinkServer product line as ThinkSystem,[83] which consisted of 17 new machine type
models, in the catalog formate containing form factors such as Tower, 1U/2U, Blades, Dense and 4U Mission Critical Intel-based servers. Also within this
relaunch contained a portfolio of Storage Arrays and of Fibre Channel SAN Switches and Directors. To further incorporate industry-leading partnerships into its
portfolio, Lenovo struck an agreement with the processor company, AMD, to be able to supply customers with a choice of options between both Intel and AMD
powered appliances. In August, 2019, the first two ThinkSystem platforms were introduced to the market containing a single AMD EPYC processor, the
SR635 (1U) and the SR655 (2U).[84] Again, in May 2020, Lenovo DCG further expanded its AMD offerings to incorporate 2-proc systems, the SR645 and the
SR665,[85] continuing tio exemplify its approach to being the Most Trusted Data Center Advisor in the market.[86]

ThinkStation [ edit ]
Main article: ThinkStation

Lenovo ThinkStations are workstations designed for high-end computing. In 2008, Lenovo expanded the focus of its THINK brand to include workstations, with
the ThinkStation S10 being the first model released.

ThinkVision displays [ edit ]

Main article: ThinkVision displays

High-end monitors are marketed under the ThinkVision name. ThinkVision displays share a common design language with other THINK devices such as the
ThinkPad line of laptop computers and ThinkCentre line of desktop computers. At the 2014 International CES, Lenovo announced the ThinkVision Pro2840m,
a 28-inch 4K display aimed at professionals. Lenovo also announced another 28-inch 4K touch-enabled device running Android that can function as an all-in-
one PC or an external display for other devices.[87]

At the 2016 International CES, Lenovo announced two displays with both USB-C and DisplayPort connectivity. The ThinkVision X24 Pro monitor is a 24-inch
1920 by 1080 pixel thin-bezel display that uses an IPS LCD panel. The ThinkVision X1 is a 27-inch 3840 by 2160 pixel thin-bezel display that uses a 10-bit
panel with 99% coverage of the sRGB color gamut. The X24 includes a wireless charging base for mobile phones. The X1 is the first monitor to receive the
TUV Eye-Comfort certification. Both monitors have HDMI 2.0 ports, support charging laptops, mobile phones, and other devices, and have Intel RealSense 3D
cameras in order to support facial recognition. Both displays have dual-array microphones and 3-watt stereo speakers.[88]

IdeaPad [ edit ]
Main article: IdeaPad

The IdeaPad line of consumer-oriented laptop computers was introduced in January 2008. The IdeaPad is the result
of Lenovo's own research and development; Unlike the ThinkPad line, its design and branding were not inherited from
IBM. The IdeaPad's design language differs markedly from the ThinkPad and has a more consumer-focused look and
feel.[89][90]

On September 21, 2016, Lenovo confirmed that their Yoga series is not meant to be compatible with Linux operating
systems, that they know it is impossible to install Linux on some models, and that it is not supported.[91] This came in
the wake of media coverage of problems that users were having while trying to install Ubuntu on several Yoga
models, including the 900 ISK2, 900 ISK For Business, 900S, and 710, which were traced back to Lenovo disabling A Lenovo IdeaPad U350 at a
launch event in Japan, 2009
and removing support for the AHCI storage mode for the device's Solid State Drive in the computer's BIOS, in favor of
a RAID mode that is only supported by Windows 10 drivers that come with the system.[92][93][94][95] Lenovo has since released an alternative firmware that has
restored the AHCI mode to the drive controller to allow installation of Linux operating systems.[96][97]

IdeaCentre [ edit ]
Main article: IdeaCentre

All IdeaCentres are all-in-one machines, combining processor and monitor into a single unit.[98] The desktops were described by HotHardware as being
"uniquely designed".[98] The first IdeaCentre desktop, the IdeaCentre K210, was announced by Lenovo on 30 June 2008.[99] While the IdeaCentre line
consists only of desktops, it shares design elements and features with the IdeaPad line.[99] One such feature was Veriface facial recognition technology.[99]

At CES 2011, Lenovo announced the launch of four IdeaCentre desktops: the A320, B520, B320, and C205.[98] In the autumn of 2012, the firm introduced the
more powerful IdeaCentre A720, with a 27-inch touchscreen display and running Windows 8.[100] With a TV tuner and HDMI in, the A720 can also serve as a
multimedia hub or home theater PC.[101]

In 2013, Lenovo added a table computer to the IdeaCentre line. The Lenovo IdeaCentre Horizon Table PC, introduced at the 2013 International CES is a 27-
inch touchscreen computer designed to lay flat for simultaneous use by multiple people. Thanks to its use of Windows 8, the Horizon can also serve as a
desktop computer when set upright.[102]

Legion [ edit ]

Legion is a series of laptop from Lenovo targeting gaming performance. The first Legion brand laptops was revealed at CES 2017, the Legion Y520 and the
Legion Y720.[103] On June 6, 2017, a high-performance model, the Legion Y920, equipped with Intel's seventh-generation quad-core i7-7820HK and Nvidia
GTX 1070 discrete graphics, was launched.[104][105]

At E3 2018, Lenovo announced three new laptops with new redesigned chassis, Y530, Y730 and Y7000.[106]

In 2020, Lenovo launched Legion 3, 5 and 7, where Legion 7 is the highest specification of the series.

Smartphones [ edit ]
Main article: Lenovo smartphones

As of January 2013, Lenovo only manufactured phones that use the Android operating system from Google.
Numerous press reports indicated that Lenovo planned to release a phone running Windows Phone 8, According to
J. D. Howard, a vice president at Lenovo's mobile division, the company would release a Windows Phone product if
there is market demand.[107]

Lenovo has implemented an aggressive strategy to replace Samsung Electronics as Mainland China market's top
smartphone vendor. It has spent $793.5 million in Wuhan in order to build a plant that can produce 30 to 40 million
phones per year. Data from Analysys International shows that Lenovo experienced considerable growth in
The Lenovo ThinkPad Tablet 2 from
smartphone sales in China during 2012. Specifically, it saw its market share increase to 14.2% during 2012's third
front and back
quarter, representing an increase when compared to 4.8% in the same quarter of 2011. IDC analysts said that
Lenovo's success is due to its "aggressive ramping-up and improvements in channel partnerships." Analysys
International analyst Wang Ying wrote, "Lenovo possesses an obvious advantage over rivals in terms of sales channels." The company's CEO, Yang
Yuanqing, said, "Lenovo does not want to be the second player ... we want to be the best. Lenovo has the confidence to outperform Samsung and Apple, at
least in the Chinese market."[108]

According to IHS iSuppli, Lenovo was a top-three smartphone maker in China with a 16.5% market share in the first quarter of 2012. According to a May
report released by IDC Lenovo ranks fourth in the global tablet market by volume.[109] As of November 2012, Lenovo was the second largest seller of mobile
phones in China when measured by volume.[38]

In May 2013, Lenovo CEO Yang Yuanqing indicated that the company had aimed to release smartphones in the United States within the next year. Later in
October, Lenovo expressed interest in acquiring the Canadian smartphone maker BlackBerry Ltd. However, its attempt was reportedly blocked by the
Government of Canada, citing security concerns due to the use of BlackBerry devices by prominent members of the government. An official stated that "we
have been pretty consistent that the message is Canada is open to foreign investment and investment from China in particular but not at the cost of
compromising national security".[110][111]

In January 2014, Lenovo announced a proposed deal to acquire Motorola Mobility to bolster its plans for the U.S. market.[112] Microsoft officially announced
that Lenovo had become the hardware partner of Windows Phone platform at the Mobile World Congress 2014.[113] In January 2016, Lenovo announced at
CES that the company would be producing the first Project Tango phone.[114]

Lenovo plus Motorola was the 3rd largest producer of smartphones by volume in the world between 2011 and 2014.[115] Since Lenovo's acquisition of
Motorola Mobility, the combined global market share of Lenovo plus Motorola has fallen from 7.2% in 2014 to 3.9% in the third quarter of 2016.[116][117] A
number of factors have been cited as the cause of this reduced demand, including the fact that Lenovo relied heavily on carriers to sell its phones, its phones
lacked strong branding and unique features to distinguish them in the competitive Chinese market where a weak economy and saturated market is slowing
demand[118][119] and the culture clash between a more hierarchical PC company and the need to be nimble to sell rapidly-evolving smartphones.[120] In
response to the weak sales, Lenovo announced in August 2015 that it would lay off 3,200 employees, mostly in its Motorola smartphone business.[121]

In the reorganization which followed, Lenovo was uncertain how to brand its Motorola smartphones. In November 2015, members of Lenovo management
made statements that Lenovo would use the Motorola brand for all its smartphones.[122] Then, in January 2016, Lenovo announced that it would be
eliminating the Motorola brand in favor of "Moto by Lenovo". The company reversed course in March 2017 and announced that the Motorola brand name
would be used in all regions in future products. "In 2016, we just finished transforming ourselves," Motorola Chairman and President Aymar de Lencquesaing
said in an interview, "We have clarity on how we present ourselves."[123]

Smart televisions [ edit ]

Main article: Lenovo LeTV

In November 2011, Lenovo said it would soon unveil a smart television product called LeTV, expected for release in
the first quarter of 2012. "The PC, communications and TV industries are currently undergoing a 'smart'
transformation. In the future, users will have many smart devices and will desire an integrated experience of
hardware, software and cloud services." Liu Jun, president of Lenovo's mobile-Internet and digital-home-business
division.[124] In June 2013 Lenovo announced a partnership with Sharp to produce smart televisions. In March 2014,
Lenovo announced that it projected smart television sales surpassing one million units for 2014. The same month
Lenovo released its flagship S9 Smart TV.[125]

A Lenovo A30 TV set-top box

Wearables [ edit ]
Rumors that Lenovo was developing a wearable device were confirmed in October 2014 after the company submitted
a regulatory finding to the Federal Communications Commission. The device, branded a "Smartband", has a battery
life of seven days. It has an optical heart-rate monitor and can be used to track distance and time spent running and
calories burned. It can also notify the user of incoming calls and texts.[126] It can also unlock computers without the
use of a password. The Smartband went on sale in October 2014. Lenovo started offering the device for sale on its
website without a formal product announcement.[127]

IoT / Smart Home [ edit ]

The Lenovo Smartwatch on display
In 2015 Lenovo launched a strategic cooperation with IngDan (硬蛋), a subsidiary of Chinese electronics e-commerce at the 2015 Mobile World Congress
company Cogobuy Group, to penetrate into the intelligent hardware sector.[128] Lenovo wanted to procure High-Tech
hardware in the then newly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) economy[129] and formed a strategic partnership with
Cogobuy in which it previously primarily bought IC components from.[130] Cogobuy's supply chain was utilised by Lenovo to procure consumer devices and
bridge gaps in their proprietary hardware and software development.[131] At the IFA 2018, Lenovo launched several smart home products.[132]

Lenovo Connect [ edit ]

At the Mobile World Congress in 2016, Lenovo introduced Lenovo Connect, a wireless roaming service. This service works across devices, networks, and
borders for customers in China and EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa). Lenovo Connect eliminates the need to buy new SIM cards when crossing
borders. Lenovo Connect started service for phones and select ThinkPad laptops in China in February 2016.[133]

Operations [ edit ]

Lenovo's principal facilities are in Beijing, China; Morrisville, North Carolina, United States; and Singapore; with research centers in Beijing, Morrisville,
Shanghai, Shenzhen, Xiamen, Chengdu, Nanjing,[134] Wuhan[135] and Yamato (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan).[136] Lenovo operates manufacturing facilities in
Chengdu and Hefei in China, and in Japan. A 700-square-metre (7,500 sq ft) global flagship store opened in Beijing in February 2013.[39]

Lenovo's manufacturing operations are a departure from the usual industry practice of outsourcing to contract
manufacturers. Lenovo instead focuses on vertical integration in order to avoid excessive reliance on original
equipment manufacturers and to keep down costs.[137] Speaking on this topic, Yang Yuanqing said, "Selling PCs is
like selling fresh fruit. The speed of innovation is very fast, so you must know how to keep up with the pace, control
inventory, to match supply with demand and handle very fast turnover." Lenovo benefited from its vertical integration
after flooding affected hard-drive manufacturers in Thailand in 2011, as the company could continue manufacturing
operations by shifting production towards products for which hard drives were still available.[138][139]

Lenovo began to emphasize vertical integration after a meeting in 2009 in which CEO Yang Yuanqing, and the head
of Lenovo's supply chain, analyzed the costs versus the benefits of in-house manufacturing, and decided to make at The Lenovo R&D center in
Shenzhen, Guangdong
least 50% of Lenovo's manufacturing in-house. Lenovo Chief Technology Officer George He said that vertical
integration is having an important role in product development. He stated, "If you look at the industry trends, most
innovations for" PCs, smartphones, tablets and smart TVs are related to innovation of key components—display, battery and storage. Differentiation of key
parts is so important. So we started investing more ... and working very closely with key parts suppliers."[139] Previously, lack of integration due to numerous
foreign acquisitions and an excessive number of "key performance indicators" (KPIs) was making Lenovo's expansion expensive and creating unacceptably
slow delivery times to end-customers. Lenovo responded by reducing the number of KPIs from 150 to 5, offering intensive training to managers, and working
to create a global Lenovo culture. Lenovo also doubled-down on vertical integration and manufacturing near target markets in order to cut costs at time when
its competitors were making increased use of outsourcing off-shoring. By 2013, Lenovo ranked 20th on Gartner's list of top 50 supply chains, whereas in 2010
the company was unranked.[140]

In 2012, Lenovo partially moved production of its ThinkPad line of computers to Japan. ThinkPads will be produced by NEC in Yamagata Prefecture. Akemi
Watanabe (渡辺朱美, Watanabe Akemi), president of Lenovo Japan, said, "As a Japanese, I am glad to see the return to domestic production and the goal is
to realize full-scale production as this will improve our image and make the products more acceptable to Japanese customers."[139][141]

In October 2012, Lenovo announced that it would start assembling computers in Whitsett, North Carolina. Production of desktop and laptop computers,
including the ThinkPad Helix began in January 2013. As of July 2013, 115 workers were employed at this facility. Lenovo has been in Whitsett since 2008,
where it also has centers for logistics, customer service, and return processing.[142][143]

In 2015, Lenovo and Hong Kong Cyberport Management Company Limited, a government-sponsored business park for technology firms, reached a deal to
"jointly build a cloud service and product research and development center".[144] Lenovo's Asia Pacific data center will also be housed in Cyperport.[144]

Lenovo assembles smartphones in Chennai, India through a contract manufacturing agreement with Flextronics.[145][146] In November 2015, Lenovo
announced that it would start manufacturing computers in Pondicherry.[147]

Corporate affairs [ edit ]

The company executive headquarters are in Morrisville, North Carolina,[148][149] near Raleigh in the Research
Triangle metropolitan area,[150] in the United States.[151] As of October 2012, the facility has about 2,000
employees.[152] Lenovo identifies its facilities in Morrisville, Beijing, and Singapore as its "key location addresses",[153]
where its principal operations occur.[148] The company stated that "by foregoing a traditional headquarters model and
focusing on centers of excellence around the world, Lenovo makes the maximum use of its resources to create the
best products in the most efficient and effective way possible".[154] The company registered office is on the 23rd floor
of the Lincoln House building of the Taikoo Place in Quarry Bay, Hong Kong.[155]

Previously the company's U.S. headquarters were in Purchase, Harrison, New York. About 70 people worked there. In
Taikoo Place, Hong Kong
2006, Lenovo announced that it was consolidating its U.S. headquarters, a logistics facility in Boulder, Colorado, and
a call center in Atlanta, Georgia, to a new facility in Morrisville. The company received offers of over $11 million in
incentive funds from the local Morrisville, North Carolina, area and from the State of North Carolina on the condition that the company employs about 2,200
people.[156] In early 2016, Lenovo carried out a comprehensive restructuring of its business units.[157]

Financials and market share [ edit ]

In the third quarter of 2020, Lenovo commands a leading market share of 25.7 percent of all PCs sold in the world.[8]

In March 2013, Lenovo was included as a constituent stock in the Hang Seng Index. Lenovo replaced the unprofitable Aluminum Corp of China, a state-
owned enterprise, on the list of 50 key companies on the Hong Kong stock exchange that constitute the Hang Seng Index.[158] The inclusion of Lenovo and
Tencent, China's largest internet firm, significantly increased the weight of the technology sector on the index. Being added to the Hang Seng Index was a
significant boon for Lenovo and its shareholders as it widened the pool of investors willing to purchase Lenovo's stock. For instance, index funds pegged to
the Hang Seng and pension funds that consider index inclusion now have the opportunity to invest in Lenovo.[159] In November 2013 Lenovo reported that
they had achieved double-digit market share in the United States for the first time.[160]

Ownership [ edit ]

In 2009, China Oceanwide Holdings Group, a private investment firm based in Beijing, bought 29% of Legend Holdings, the parent company of Lenovo, for
2.76 billion yuan.[161] As of 31 March 2018, 65% of Lenovo stock was held by the general public, 29% by Legend Holdings, 5.8% by Mr. Yang, and 0.2% by
other directors.[162]

Responding to claims that Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise CEO Yang Yuanqing said: "Our company is a 100% market oriented company. Some people
have said we are a state-owned enterprise. It's 100% not true. In 1984 the Chinese Academy of Sciences only invested $25,000 in our company. The purpose
of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to invest in this company was that they wanted to commercialize their research results. The Chinese Academy of
Sciences is a pure research entity in China, owned by the government. From this point, you could say we're different from state-owned enterprises. Secondly,
after this investment, this company is run totally by the founders and management team. The government has never been involved in our daily operation, in
important decisions, strategic direction, nomination of the CEO and top executives and financial management. Everything is done by our management
team."[163]

As of 2014, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, owns 11.7% of Lenovo.[164]

In early 2006, the U.S. State Department was harshly criticized for purchasing 16,000 computers from Lenovo. Critics argued that Lenovo was controlled by
the Chinese government and a potential vehicle for espionage against the United States. Yang spoke out forcefully and publicly to defend Lenovo. He said,
"We are not a government-controlled company." He pointed out that Lenovo pioneered China's transition to a market economy and that in the early 1990s had
fought and beaten four state-owned enterprises that dominated the Chinese computer market. Those firms had the full backing of the state while Lenovo
received no special treatment.[165] The State Department deal went through. Yang worried that fears about Lenovo's supposed connections to the Chinese
government would be an ongoing issue in the United States. Yang worked to ease worries by communicating directly with Congress.

Yang dramatically increased his ownership stake by acquiring 797 million shares in 2011. As of June 2011, Yang owned an 8 percent stake in Lenovo. He
previously owned only 70 million shares. In a statement, Yang said, "While the transaction is a personal financial matter, I want to be very clear that my
decision to make this investment is based on my strong belief in the company's very bright future. Our culture is built on commitment and ownership – we do
what we say, and we own what we do. My decision to increase my holdings represents my steadfast belief in these principles."[166]

Corporate culture [ edit ]

Lenovo's senior executives, including many non-Chinese, rotate between two head offices, one in Beijing and the other in Morrisville, North Carolina, and
Lenovo's research and development center in Japan. Two foreigners have previously served as Lenovo's CEO.[72]

Leadership [ edit ]

Yang Yuanqing [ edit ]

Main article: Yang Yuanqing
Yang Yuanqing is the chairman and chief executive officer of Lenovo. One of his major achievements was leading
Lenovo to become the best-selling personal computer brand in China since 1997. In 2001, Business Week named
him one of Asia's rising stars in business.[167] Yang was president and CEO of Lenovo until 2004, when Lenovo
closed its acquisition of IBM's PC division, after which Yang was succeeded as Lenovo CEO by IBM's Stephen M.
Ward, Jr. Ward was succeeded by Bill Amelio on 20 December 2005. In February 2009, Yang replaced Amelio as
CEO and has served in that capacity ever since. Yang was chairman of Lenovo's board from 2004 to 2008, and
returned as chairman in 2012 alongside his role as CEO.

In 2012, Yang received a $3 million bonus as a reward for record profits, which he in turn redistributed to about
10,000 of Lenovo's employees. According to Lenovo spokesman, Jeffrey Shafer, Yang felt that it would be the right
thing to, "redirect [the money] to the employees as a real tangible gesture for what they done." Shafer also said that
Yang, who owns about eight percent of Lenovo's stock, "felt that he was rewarded well simply as the owner of the Yang Yuanqing, Lenovo's Chairman
company."[168] The bonuses were mostly distributed among staff working in positions such as production and and CEO

reception who received an average of 2,000 yuan or about US$314. This was almost equivalent to a monthly salary of
an average worker in China.[169] Yang made a similar gift of $3.25 million again in 2013.[170]

According to Lenovo's annual report, Yang earned $14 million, including $5.2 million in bonuses, during the fiscal year that ended in March 2012.[171]

In 2013, Barron's named Yang one of the "World's Best CEOs".[172]

Liu Chuanzhi [ edit ]

Main article: Liu Chuanzhi

Liu Chuanzhi is the founder and chairman of Lenovo. Liu was trained as an engineer at a military college and later went on to work at the Chinese Academy of
Sciences. Like many young people during the Cultural Revolution, Liu was denounced and sent to the countryside where he worked as a laborer on a rice
farm. Liu claims Hewlett-Packard as a key source of inspiration. In an interview with The Economist he stated that "Our earliest and best teacher was Hewlett-
Packard." For more than ten years, Lenovo was Hewlett-Packard's distributor in China.[173] In reference to Lenovo's later acquisition of IBM's personal
computer unit Liu said, "I remember the first time I took part in a meeting of IBM agents. I was wearing an old business suit of my father's and I sat in the back
row. Even in my dreams, I never imagined that one day we could buy the IBM PC business. It was unthinkable. Impossible."[14]

Board of directors [ edit ]

In early 2013, Lenovo announced the addition of Yahoo founder Jerry Yang to its board.[174] Lenovo's CEO Yang Yuanqing said, "Jerry's appointment as an
observer to our board furthers Lenovo's reputation as a transparent international company." Just prior to the appointment of Jerry Yang, Tudor Brown, the
founder of British semiconductor design firm ARM, was also appointed to Lenovo's board. Speaking of both men Yang Yuanqing said, "We believe that they
will add a great deal to our strategic thinking, long-term direction and, ultimately, our ability to achieve our aspirations in the PC plus era."

Marketing and sponsorships [ edit ]

In 2009, Lenovo became the first personal computer manufacturer to divide countries into emerging markets and mature markets. Lenovo then developed a
different set of strategies for each category. Lenovo's competitors have widely adopted the same approach[19] In 2012, Lenovo made a major effort to expand
its market share in developing economies such as Brazil and India through acquisitions and increased budgets for marketing and advertising.[72]
Celebrity sponsorships and endorsements [ edit ]

In October 2013, Lenovo announced that it had hired American actor Ashton Kutcher as a product engineer and spokesman. David Roman, Lenovo's chief
marketing officer, said, "His partnership goes beyond traditional bounds by deeply integrating him into our organization as a product engineer. Ashton will help
us break new ground by challenging assumptions, bringing a new perspective and contributing his technical expertise to Yoga Tablet and other devices."[175]
Kobe Bryant became an official ambassador for Lenovo smartphones in China and Southeast Asia in early 2013.[176] Bryant appeared in a social campaign
titled "The Everyday Kobe Challenge" for the launch of Lenovo IdeaPhone K900 in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines in the same
year.[177][178]

Sporting sponsorship [ edit ]

Lenovo was an official computer sponsor of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, and the 2008 Summer Olympics in
Beijing. When asked about Lenovo's brand Yang Yuanqing said, "The Beijing Olympics were very good for brand awareness
in countries like the US and Argentina, but not good enough."[179] The NFL has been a Lenovo customer since 2007. In July
2012, Lenovo and the National Football League (NFL) announced that Lenovo had become the NFL's "Official Laptop,
Desktop and Workstation Sponsor." Lenovo said that this was its largest sponsorship deal ever in the United States. NFL
stars Jerry Rice, DeAngelo Williams, and Torry Holt were on hand for the announcement and a celebration with 1,500 Lenovo
employees. Lenovo's sponsorship will last at least three years.[180]

Lenovo also become technology partner for Ducati Corse in MotoGP since 2018. And for the 2021 MotoGP it will become
main sponsor for the Bolognese.[181]

Lenovo is also an official partner of the NHL’s Carolina Hurricanes who play in nearby Raleigh, North Carolina.
The 2008 Beijing Summer
Lenovo and FC Internazionale, in 2019, have signed a multi-year sponsorship agreement that makes Lenovo the Global
Olympics Torch was designed
Technology Partner of the Nerazzurri company.[182]In May 2021, Lenovo and Motorola Mobility decided to celebrate with a by Lenovo
limited edition of Razr 5G totally customized and produced in 2021 numbered pieces, to honor Inter who won their 19th
Scudetto.[183]

Television, internet, and other media [ edit ]

Lenovo used a short-film entitled The Pursuit in its "For Those Who Do" campaign launched in 2011. The film depicted a mysterious young woman using the
IdeaPad Yoga 13 to stay one-step-ahead of her evil pursuers. Martin Campbell, who previously worked on action movies and James Bond films such as
GoldenEye and the remake of Casino Royale, shot this film. Lenovo was the first Chinese company to make use of such marketing techniques.[140]

In May 2015, Lenovo hosted its first ever "Tech World" conference in Beijing.[184] ZUK, a separate company formed by Lenovo in 2014, announced several
products at Tech World, These included slim power banks, 3D printers that can print food such as chocolate, an outdoor sound box, and a Wi-Fi based control
system for home automation.[184]

China [ edit ]
In its home market China, Lenovo has a vast distribution network designed to make sure that there is at least one shop selling Lenovo computers within 50
kilometers of nearly all consumers. Lenovo has also developed close relationships with its Chinese distributors, who are granted exclusive territories and only
carry Lenovo products.[72]

As of July 2013, Lenovo believes that urbanization initiatives being pushed by Premier Li Keqiang will allow it to sustain sales growth in China for the
foreseeable future. Speaking at Lenovo's annual general meeting in Hong Kong in 2013, Yang Yuanqing said: "I believe urbanisation will help us further
increase the overall [domestic] PC market." Yang also stressed the opportunity presented by the China's relatively low penetration rate of personal computers.
Lenovo previously benefited from the Chinese government's rural subsidies, part of a wider economic stimulus initiative, designed to increase purchases of
appliances and electronics. That program, which Lenovo joined in 2004, ended in 2011. Lenovo enjoys consistent price premiums over its traditional
competitors in rural markets and a stronger local sales and service presence.[185]

India [ edit ]

Lenovo has gained significant market share in India through bulk orders to large companies and government agencies. For example, the government of Tamil
Nadu ordered a million laptops from Lenovo in 2012 and single-handedly made the firm a market leader. Lenovo distributes most of the personal computers it
sells in India through five national distributors such as Ingram Micro and Redington.[186]

Given that most smartphones and tablets are sold to individuals Lenovo is pursuing a different strategy making use of many small state-centric distributors.
Amar Babu, Lenovo's managing director for India, said, "To reach out to small towns and the hinterland, we have tied up with 40 regional distributors. We want
our distributors to be exclusive to us. We will, in turn, ensure they have exclusive rights to distribute Lenovo products in their catchment area."[186] As of 2013,
Lenovo had about 6,000 retailers selling smartphones and tablets in India. In February 2013, Lenovo established a relationship with Reliance Communications
to sell smartphones. The smartphones carried by Reliance have dual-SIM capability and support both GSM and CDMA. Babu claims that the relative under
penetration of smartphones in India represents an opportunity for Lenovo.[186]

Lenovo has assembled a team of senior managers familiar with the Indian market, launched mobile phones at all price points there, and worked on branding
to build market share. As of February 2014, Lenovo claims that its sales of smartphones in India have been increasing 100% per quarter while the market is
only growing 15-20% over the same period. Lenovo did marketing tests of its smartphones in November 2012 in Gujarat and some southern cities, where
Lenovo already had a strong presence. Lenovo's strategy has been to create awareness, maintain a broad selection of phones at all price points, and develop
distribution networks. Lenovo partnered with two national distributors and over 100 local distributors. As of February 2014, more than 7,000 retail outlets in
India sold Lenovo smartphones. Lenovo has also partnered with HCL in order to set up 250 service centres in 110 cities.[187]

In India, Lenovo grants distributors exclusive territories but allows them to sell computers from other companies. Lenovo uses its close relationships with
distributors to gain market intelligence and speed up product development.

Lenovo reported a year-on-year increase of about 951% in tablet sales in India for the first quarter of 2014. Canalys, a market research firm, said Lenovo took
market share away from Apple and Samsung in the country.[188]

Africa [ edit ]

Lenovo first started doing business in South Africa, establishing a sales office, and then expanded to East African markets such as Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia,
Uganda, and Rwanda. West Africa followed when Lenovo set-up a Nigerian legal office and then expanded to Ghana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and
Botswana.
According to Lenovo's general manager for Africa, Graham Braum, Lenovo's strategy is to put "great emphasis on products that sell well in Africa" and roll out
"products alongside different African governments' rolling out of wireless technology". Products such as the Lenovo Yoga series are popular in Africa because
of their long battery life, as many areas have unreliable electrical supply. Other popular products include the Lenovo netbooks, which were introduced in
2008.[189]

Lenovo picked Nigeria in 2013 to release its smartphone because unlike South Africa and other African countries, there is no requirement to partner with a
local telecom firm to sell its phones.[190]

In the long term, according to Braum, "Lenovo in Africa will focus on continuing to consistently supply personal computer products and allow this market to
grow, while moving into new territory such as mobile and enterprise."[189]

United States [ edit ]

In the United States, Lenovo began the "For Those Who Do" marketing campaign in 2010, created by the ad agency Saatchi & Saatchi. It was part of
Lenovo's first-ever global branding campaign, beyond its domestic market in China.[191] "For Those Who Do" was designed to appeal to young consumers in
the 18- to 25-year-old demographic by stressing its utility to creative individuals that Lenovo's advertising refers to as "doers".[192] One of Lenovo's operational
centers is located in North Carolina, United States. Lenovo also started manufacturing products in the United States in 2012.[193]

Goodweird [ edit ]

Lenovo launched a multi-year advertising campaign called "Goodweird" in the last half of 2015. Goodweird is designed to convey the idea that designs that
seem strange initially often become familiar and widely accepted. The Goodweird campaign includes a video with famous images of early attempts to fly with
the aid of homemade wings and a bicycle that transitions to a modern-day shot of a man soaring across mountains in a wingsuit before transitioning again to a
shot of the Stealth Bomber. Lenovo worked with three agencies on Goodweird: London-based DLKW Low, We Are Social, and Blast Radius. Goodweird is
part of Lenovo's wider strategy to appeal to millennials with an emphasis on design trendsetters. A portion of the funding for Goodweird is being directed to
prominent YouTubers and Viners. BuzzFeed has been engaged to create relevant content.[194]

Controversies [ edit ]

Superfish [ edit ]

In February 2015, Lenovo became the subject of controversy for having bundled software identified as malware on some of its laptops. The software,
Superfish Visual Discovery, is a web browser add-on that injects price comparison advertising into search engine results pages. To intercept HTTPS-encrypted
communications, the software also installed a self-signed digital certificate.[195][196] When the Superfish private key was compromised, it was also discovered
that the same private key was used across all installations of the software, leaving users vulnerable to security exploits utilizing the key.[197][198] Lenovo made
between US$200,000 to US$250,000 on its deal with Superfish.[199] In 2017 Lenovo agreed to pay $3.5 million as part of a settlement with the US Federal
Trade Commission.[200]

The head of Superfish responded to security concerns by saying the vulnerability was "inadvertently" introduced by Komodia, which built the application.[201]
In response to the criticism, Lenovo detailed that it would cease further distribution and use of the Superfish software, and offered affected customers free six-
month subscriptions to the McAfee LiveSafe software.[202] Lenovo issued a promise to reduce the amount of "bloatware" it bundles with its Windows 10
devices, promising to only include Lenovo software, security software, drivers, and "certain applications customarily expected by users".[203] Salon tech writer
David Auerbach compared the Superfish incident to the Sony DRM rootkit scandal, and argued that "installing Superfish is one of the most irresponsible
mistakes an established tech company has ever made."[204]

Lenovo Service Engine [ edit ]

From October 2014 through June 2015, the UEFI firmware on certain Lenovo models had contained software known as "Lenovo Service Engine", which
Lenovo says automatically sent non-identifiable system information to Lenovo the first time Windows is connected to the internet, and on laptops,
automatically installs the Lenovo OneKey Optimizer program (software considered to be bloatware) as well. This process occurs even on clean installations of
Windows. It was found that this program had been automatically installed using a new feature in Windows 8, Windows Platform Binary Table, which allows
executable files to be stored within UEFI firmware for execution on startup, and is meant to "allow critical software to persist even when the operating system
has changed or been reinstalled in a 'clean' configuration"; specifically, anti-theft security software. The software was discontinued after it was found that
aspects of the software had security vulnerabilities, and did not comply with revised guidelines for appropriate usage of WPBT. On 31 July 2015, Lenovo
released instructions and UEFI firmware updates meant to remove Lenovo Service Engine.[205][206][207]

Lenovo Customer Feedback program [ edit ]

At a third time in 2015, criticism arose that Lenovo might have installed software that looked suspicious on their commercial Think-PC lines. This was
discovered by Computerworld writer Michael Horowitz, who had purchased several Think systems with the Customer Feedback program installed, which
seemed to log usage data and metrics.[208] Further analysis by Horowitz revealed however that this was mostly harmless, as it was only logging the usage of
some pre-installed Lenovo programs, and not the usage in general, and only if the user allowed the data to be collected. Horowitz also criticized other media
for quoting his original article and saying that Lenovo preinstalled spyware, as he himself never used that term in this case and he also said that he does not
consider the software he found to be spyware.[209]

Lenovo Accelerator [ edit ]

As of June 2016, a Duo Labs report stated that Lenovo was still installing bloatware, some of which leads to security vulnerabilities as soon as the user turns
on their new PC.[210][211] Lenovo advised users to remove the offending app, "Lenovo Accelerator".[212] According to Lenovo, the app, designed to "speed up
the loading" of Lenovo applications, created a man-in-the-middle security vulnerability.

Supplier controversy [ edit ]

In August 2020, The Intercept reported that Lenovo imported about 258,000 laptops from the Chinese manufacturer Hefei Bitland Information Technology, a
company, among others, accused by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI), an Australian think-tank, of using Uyghur forced labor. In July 2020, the
United States Commerce Department added 11 companies, including Hefei Bitland, implicated in human rights abuses on the Entity List. In response, Lenovo
took some shipments out of the distribution, but other shipments were distributed to consumers.[213][214][215]

U.S. Marine network security breach [ edit ]

In February 2021, Bloomberg Business reported that U.S. investigators found that during the midst of the Iraq War in 2008, military units in Iraq were using
Lenovo laptops in which the hardware had apparently been altered. According to a testimony from the case in 2010, "A large amount of Lenovo laptops were
sold to the U.S. military that had a chip encrypted on the motherboard that would record all the data that was being inputted into that laptop and send it back to
China".[216][217]
See also [ edit ]

List of computer system manufacturers

Lists of Chinese companies

References [ edit ]

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Further reading [ edit ]

Ling, Zhijun (2005). The Lenovo affair: the growth of China's computer giant and its takeover of IBM-PC . trans. Martha Avery. Singapore: John Wiley &
Sons [Asia]. ISBN 978-0-470-82193-0. Retrieved 16 September 2009.
Hamm, Steve (2008). The Race for Perfect: Inside the Quest to Design the Ultimate Portlable Computer . New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-
0071606103.
External links [ edit ]

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