Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Influence of Chattampi Swamikal in Modernization of Kerala ( )
Influence of Chattampi Swamikal in Modernization of Kerala ( )
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
¥õö÷
î®øµ®¬ÿ¨©ù úûüöûY YýþYYÿ÷0 ¥ûWú1ÿ2ü §31Wöü 4W 11ÿ2ü ¥35Yö1üY 6÷÷Yö0 ð®7øµ8©ÿ9¬´8
£¤
V¥¦§ ¨©ª«¬ÿ®ÿ¯ª°¬±² ¨©ª«¬ÿ®ÿ³´µ¶¶¬«
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U ?123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
ÿ
WX YZ[\]ÿW^_`abc d[\]ÿe afgh[iÿj_[klÿi_m c no ÿlp[j_q^faZ[ÿri_ds [t
^am ua^[ino [vZ[]am ÿlwxyazÿ{g|a} [t ÿj_[klÿi_m ~j a{c nÿv\]vs ^l
ri_ds [\]ÿ |pzÿp][Zÿe afgh[iÿ^[ÿua^[ZaZ[_
ÿua^[p[_j_[klÿi_m
{qo c no lÿri_ds [t ÿh[e faZc d\vÿWvZlo ÿ {q^[i\d
Y c d[t ÿr{_[rv} [p
ÿ`a_^s [\]ÿf|lÿ~jrc rdo anÿua^[j_faZ
{q^[inÿri_ds [t ÿ ^[_g faZ[_
ÿ ^\ia} lÿri_ds [\]ÿ{rpa a{
~j a{s [{lÿ^vo zÿi[^lÿja a^Yÿp[Ya`Yae s at ÿ~jra[^_aZÿZ
ua^[Z[] ÿ [uqp[idaZ[_
[ÿ pÿfYpbc d[\]Zz
i^pbc d[\]Zzÿ{aZaÿ pÿ^vc [Zp_aZ[_
ÿj[
qvlÿ p_[]z
^al
ÿua^[o aÿ p\_ÿj[^v
_{rkzÿri_dzÿuzÿ\iavs ÿ Ya¡ [ib_o a_[]z
j_[klÿis ao d[]zÿfh{qZfaZÿ¢_ÿ a{fam ÿl£[e ¤af[Zrv^lÿri_ds [t
r¥hzÿ^vc [pÿf^j_pzÿe afgh[ipfaZÿj_[klÿia_c nÿ¦ÿ§ aÿua^[ÿpm ÿ¦
e faZc d[t \¨ÿ§ ap[`abzÿu{c no zÿr ~^c drvZzÿ Ya¡ [i
© a{rs a\va¨zÿe afgh[iÿ_akl~vqZa[ia_c d\vZzÿipavc n
^
\iavs ÿe ¤af[Zzÿ[kYa_zÿf^j_pzÿ^s ¤ae l~^j_pfaZ
v[ a{~bª c d\vÿe a_zÿe aa_m o a_\vÿ`akZ[t ÿji
ÿ\iavo iZz
pZ\vÿ_[ZaZÿpYa«Ya{c nÿ p^_[¨[o iZzÿ\Zl^
e fghs [\]ÿpr_m Ypbzÿrpj¬{zÿ¢_ig_\vÿfa~^zÿis iZa\m
l
pia\¨ÿ¢_ÿia] s [t ÿe ¤af[ÿ^\ÿ~jr a{c d[]zÿi^[id[]zÿigv[
© a{s [rZzÿ[X ZrvZzÿr]ais lÿ s _zÿrp][\o in
v[ a{_h[^fa\m
ÿe ^Yzÿq_faZzÿ®]~jfaZzÿpa[¨[ÿ{[]p[]
e fghs [\]ÿ [ia_[pbzÿias eg [rja
ÿ{g|a} inÿjo f
e ^YfaZÿ a_c d\vZzÿiv[]ÿ^~X u{YfaZÿj_rfa
^ap Z\vZz
fm [f[_c nÿ r¥hzÿ^v
~j pzÿp[a]pfaZÿ Zc no ÿlri_ds [t ÿ _z`zÿi[^l
e ¤af[ZaZ[_\
[]zÿ r¥hzÿf^p[r¤k[ZaZÿ¢_ÿj_[klÿis apaZ[_
[
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U 0123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
WXYZ[\]^_` ]abÿdXef g_h Yijklÿm n_[jo[jÿp qrd[jh Yijklÿ^kst k
u[v]jYw[xÿyZ]z gklÿm Y{\lÿ|e}h xÿ^~ ]Yg[ÿo^h xÿ^~ ]Yg[ÿ
p l vnh xYz [ÿ |Z[}_` ]Yn[ÿu[Z o[j]ÿ^et ]
ÿ|_ ]}^o[j
}e|]Ynz [xÿZ]q^WZo[jÿn^]Yf [o[j]Zkt kÿm Y{\` ]abÿ ep go[j
[gu ]ÿm Y{\` ]agÿp ode]^lÿ
[ÿ|[gh i]gklÿ|e` ]z kt
^n_lÿyt k^at j[a t klÿ YZ[ÿonk_nklÿm ] [nWZo[j]
d]|_^ok |n[a t klÿn]gn] z kt a^
[lÿyt k^at j[a t kok
m d^] j] ÿm ]]^o[j]Zkt k
Y|dW[h aiÿZ]j[jÿm e ` ] ÿ|_[_[n]^]gaÿ|e |e}p okd[j|_^_[p l
u[a^ÿ |ez klÿY|dh xÿW]z kt ^]Yn[ÿW]w]z kt ^]Yn[ÿ ÿm |u[h x
a t ÿp [o]ÿ [W]
Y|dlÿW]z [nklÿW]w]z [nkok ÿm e\^ÿ` ]gaj
ÿue~ ` ]gajkl
|]^Z_ui]gajklÿ ÿ e¡ ]Yz a^t ÿp [o]ÿu[Z_u[Z p \]^l
[W]ÿm h anÿYj[}_n[jÿyZ[xÿm e\^jk ÿoa¢[Z[i]nÿ£ [nl
n]Y]z kt ^ÿquZ^j[ ÿ£ [nd[no[ j[iaÿue` |_lÿ^[a¤` v]gk |aZ
uau[k` kje` kuj[ j[iaÿ` Z|[d]` lÿ¥^ÿ ¦ [e ^Yj[ajkl
§ ]Yj[ajklÿa¨t ÿ a^[Z[ilÿWkYZ[\]^n[
p [o]ÿn]u[g` ÿYuZi` ]agÿp [o\]u ]^]ÿ¥t ÿnokz ÿ|]§[|na¨[©
YW[gklÿ u[` q^ÿn]uªo[j]Zkt kÿ^[ |e}h aiÿoª}h aiz [il
n]uªZ[j[ ÿu z [z ]j]Zkt ^ÿ^ ÿa^[ ÿ^kh ]jÿm n[[Zh x
n]g|]g]Zkt kÿ YZ[YZ[ÿ[^]jklÿoY¢[YZ[ÿ[^]j] ÿn]t ÿ¥q^ÿm ]ÿm ugl
W[g]z aot ÿ|_| uxÿueno[j]ÿnw[z ]j]Zkt kÿ^[ |e}z [ez
aW[^kn]Z` ]gaÿnt ku[ÿY« q^h i]gklÿ|]d_[gjh i]gklÿm |ez ÿqWY|nl
n]Y]]Zkt kÿ¥^]an[az ÿ ^]aZjk ÿ d_a` ÿug[Waz []
p [o]jkY^[j]Zkt k
p [o]jkaÿ|[z klÿqW|ª̀ ]jklÿ^~ ] ÿ|_^_[p ok [j]Zkt ]
ÿm Y{\l
|e Y§do]
[a^ÿ
[|YZ[kao[wlÿ|]ÿm Y{\` ]abÿqW|e` n` ]
dªo[j^ÿ^n]z ÿYf [¬_awv^klÿ^[©ÿp [j` o[z ]j^ko[jÿ Wn]d]u
] [[Zj[j]Zkt kÿp [o]j] ÿn]gno[j]Zkt ÿm nkur
quZ kz Yi[kYW[gkok ÿWZ]} nÿ®ÿm Y{\` ]abÿp ÿYn\Y` jkl
m \]lp [n]Yjjklÿa|i]awk` kt k
m t a` ÿm ]oe` awvÿp o\` ] ÿp [o]ÿg]w]ÿm ¯ ]ÿYuZi` ]ag
nh xz ÿp o^` ]nklÿp [^q _` ]nklÿY| ]jk ÿWk^]jW[^
a|v]a` i]z [nk ÿuZk` ÿn u]ÿm Y{\` ]abÿdenh x
qW[|e` ]uW°` ]Ygz ÿau[ k|t ^ÿqW[no[jklÿqn[Z[j }kZk|[
¥ l p ÿnr^]Z]w[ÿYuZijnY|[ [n` ]agÿyZkÿqW[n]j[j]ÿvr]p [o]aj
|]Y]w]z kt kÿm Y{\lÿWsjkt kÿ±jet ÿ[^]jkaÿ ]W^_` ]©ÿu¤]
§p [o]o[Zklÿm ]u[Z]|e}|klÿ£ [np r` ÿ§X^]uYnvh Yi[a[wl
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U V123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
V WXYZ[\ ]^_`ab cd eÿghijWhklmÿV d `no ÿep `g\ qo ^]^r^st
\ u\ ÿeYZ[o hn`ahv^w ^mÿx y`[vo hn^uÿ[`z s{|b cd eÿ}[eÿV ~`]`ahv^w ^m
h^][~| b cÿnh[]na`o h
ÿ\ `W`vz d `{d ÿe~`]`d ha[hn
x r^o tÿvhs{|o hÿY^o Yaÿ[Y{d ^w [hgeÿ[^d uÿY^hklmÿV iu
i`n^uÿis_b luÿghjo ^YluÿV WXYZ[s{|b cd eÿ~`]`d `g`Y^]w e
Yv^[hahymÿ ÿY^o Ya`z ÿe\ `]hÿ`hk[emÿgq[hvh`eÿ\ `]hY
vhjeÿY`vo ÿi_aÿv`je~aÿ~ `go hÿ _ ]w eÿshnahv^o ^w ^m
V b gÿqh\ `]hiaa^uÿ~g`v`az |^v^shiga^uÿiYvo hnÿi_a
~ `go hÿ~`vuYvw ^ÿ[hvhkha^w ^mÿV s{ÿ[^b hskÿvhjeÿYvz
\ uvub cd eÿ `]`aÿv`` hYÿv]^ `ahv^w ^mÿx w `
ÿ vhY]`ah
V sÿg`Wh[o hg^ ÿgd ]`ahv^w ^mÿV [`ahv^w ^ÿiYvo hnÿv`je~a
~ `gb cd eÿ]^t|`]ha`ah[{w [eÿ¡ÿo vs`_ho ÿvz o hg^is ha^
gd b hinaed eÿgahk[emÿqh\ `]hYlÿh Yluÿ~s{o gb lu
iYva\ ]o hgeÿx w w ^uÿ~i`_g]`ahÿgh
d ^umÿ}w ^uÿV io h
s`d ^Ycd eÿ\ `u|[s^uÿ~`W`gs^]^ em
¢£¤¥¦ÿqh\ `]h § [d `eÿV ¨`se \^© ```ªh g`v`az |^v^
%&&'(Ðó ïØôõÑ
)11*+(,-./++*012345100ÕÜ
6278930.:;Á
ÕÉ Ñ EF9
</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,ÃèÄ è K(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0ïöS0?Ë3÷Ñ
GH'I2HJA T%4<U Á
Ñ ÉÐÑ ÃÎè A123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
{³ ´µ} ¶ ¶ } Á Â} } ÿ{}
¶ · ¸ ÿ~¹ {~´ ·º |Ã~¶Ä
{|» ¡} ÿ{~¦|¥ ¾¾ ~Â
~ÿ¶ ¾Å~ ¶ ·º
¼½ ¾|ÿ} ¿ Àÿ ~ À¹Äÿ
WXYZ[YYX\]ÿ_`\[aÿabXYÿc\Ya
dÿfghhijkl J4-&ÿ91ÿnopilk
=::ÿ,ÿ3455+I&222
F,3+944*ÿH455+I&(ÿ@0Nm.I
qrstruÿwxyz
{|} ~ÿ~|ÿ |ÿ~}
ÿ~
P+ (,-.ÿM++*01
4?ª20Aÿ0.*+(
«¬ip ®¯g°ÿ±g²
©4Nÿ,I:ÿ2?ÿ4&%+-ÿ8-.+I:(ÿ0.*+ÿ&%.(
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U V123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
WXYZ[Y
\]^_`abcÿ\e`f
nrsabqt buvÿw xy
ÿze{ ÿy\|e} y
h\~ ]aÿh`lfÿrna_vauy
h\ ao ÿqa a]aqeia
~ ÿ\y r
\ÿ_mias^
ao kai^bsÿa^gt e
xaa\`efÿ ena\
~ rp_ f
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U V123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
ÎÍÈjäl¨ÿ¥åælçÿ§¥lf«lè ¨ªn
fgh ijklm n
opqr pqÿstuÿvÿwxwÿ
yz {z |}p~pyÿ
ÿs
uÿ |ÿ
ÿo |ÿ
p |ÿwÿÿ
]vÿÿÿÿ
_advÿc]^_`a¡]]cde¢£ _adq¤
f¥m ¦j§¨ÿ¥ª«j¬
®q̄ÿ°uz |®}pÿ±²³³
´µ ÿp ³¶ÿ®o´·ÿz ¸ ®ou¹ º» |ÿxx¼ ÿz ºp
½ º¾p ÿ}º̄´sp¿}|qÿxwÿÀÁ ÿs|ÿÃpÄ´Å ÿ®oÿ® |ÿºÁo¯ºp ´
´ÿz ºp
Æ ÿ® p³Çÿ±Å }
p´
´ÿ³
|}´qÿ
ȪÉÊË ªÿil¨jÌ ln
ÍÎÈlÏjÍÊ
Ða]ÑÿÒaÓ`vÿÔ`qÿÕqÿÖqÿ×_ÒØÿ
Ô]ÙØÓeÿÒaÓ`vÿÐqÿ×qÿÖ_ _¤_Ò`_ÿ
_advÿ]ÒaÓ`¢c]^_`a¡]]cdeq¤ ÿ
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U 6123
012314343 567 89
8
ÿ9
ÿ8 ÿ ÿ! "#
ÿ$
%&&'()11*+(,-./++*0123451006278930.:;</=>?3&@('8ABCDE,EF9GH'I2HJAK(@,3-LM3NCB0.6MHMOAPQ3R0S0?3T%4<U 23123