Use of Internet English

USE OF INTERNET IN LEGAL EDUCATION
Question:1 Law related websites: Kinds, Basic Knowledge and Importance.
(1) Introduction:
Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf is a founder of Internet. Tim Berners Lee who is a founder
of HTML, Also He developed the world wide web. He invented the www. in 1989.The
first page went live on 6th august 1991. It was made by Tim Berners Lee. Design of web
logo gave by Belgian Robbert cailliau. And Time burners lee and robbert cailliau are the
father of www. The first web page address was
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/www.theproject.html.
(2) Definition of Website

“A Place connected to the internet where a company, organization, government,
educational
Institution etc. put information that can be found on the world wide web.
(3) What is the meaning of law:

The system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulation
the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
(4) Kinds of websites:
1. Personal Websites
2. Photo Sharing Websites
3. Writers / Authors Websites
4. Community Building Websites
5. Mobile Device Websites
6. Blogging Websites
Prof. Kushal A. Shah

7. Informational Websites
8. Online Business Brochure/Catalog Websites
9. Directory Websites
10. E-commerce Websites
(5) Kinds of law relating websites and Uses of law related websites
1. Internships/Conferences/call for papers/Seminars
1. Lawctopus
2. The knowledge steez
3. Lawlex
4. Live Law
5. Law Mantra
6. For the sake of argument
7. Deadly Law
2. Legal News and articles
1. Legally India
2. Law Funda
3. Indian legal Online
4. Law Inellect India
5. Bar & Bench
6. Super Lawyer
7. Legal india.in
3. Legal Cases
1. Indian Kanoon

2. Legal Crystal
3. Manupatra
4. SCC Online
5. The judgment information system, india.
4. General Legal stuff
1. Vakil search
2. PRS India
3. RTI India.Org
4. Advocatekhoj
5. Indian Laws
1. India Code
2. Laws of India
3. Vakil No.1
4. Legal Service India.com
6. Online Legal courses
1. myLaw.net
2. iPleaders
3. Student at Law
4. Law Sikho
(6) Conclusion:
Website usability plays a vital role in the success of a website. Good usability helps to
provide a seamless experience for visitors and improves your chances of success. It is the
one of the factor that sets a professionally designed website apart from the rest. and it’s
useful for lawyers, law students, legal researchers, Law Professors, Law officers, Judges
etc.

Question:2 Use of internet for gathering speedy legal information by the law students,
Advocates and law researchers .
(1) Introduction:
The history of the internet began with the introduction of the first electronic computers
in the 1950's with the first prototype of the internet coming into existence in the late
1960's with the creation of ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)
ARPANET adopted TCP/IP on 1st January 1983. The Internet was invented by Robert E
Kahn. The history of the internet in India began with the launch of the Educational
Research Network (ERNET) in 1986. The first Publicly available Internet service in India
was launched by state owned Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) on 14th august
1995.
(2) Simple Definition of Internet:
The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer
networks - a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to
users at other computers)
(3) Definition of Internet
A global Computer network Providing a variety of information and communication
facilities, consisting of inter connected networks using standardized communication
protocols.
(4) Explanation of Internet:
The Internet is not synonymous with World Wide Web. The Internet is a massive
network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers
together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any
other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.
In general the Full Form of INTERNET is International Network, Internet refers to
global network that connects the computers across the globe, the name International
Network is appropriate which is the interconnected network of all the Web Servers
worldwide, in short its network of network.
(5) Use of Internet in legal Education:
1. To know about law websites

2. To Know about Law Journals
3. For find out Law websites like: VakilNo.1, Live Laws, Indian Kanoon Etc.
4. For Find out All Laws
5. For Find out case status
6. For Find out Judgments
7. To govern publication
8. For find out latest bill, company bill, GST Bill, Lokpal Bill
9. For Find out legal jobs, Internships, Conferences, seminars.
10. To fill up and submit Legal officers, Legal assistants, civil Judge exams forms
11. To find out exams materials Etc…
(6) Use of Internet by the law researchers

1. To find the objectives of a particular Research.
2. To find the problems in the society through which one can try to resolve it.
3. To find the hypothesis.
4. To get the Scholarship’s like “RHODES” scholarship.
5. To start an online business through the journals.
6. To print the law magazine’s i.e LAWZ, Practical lawyers.
7. To find the foot note ,references etc.
8. To do a marketing of a particular Research.
(7) Use of Internet by the law Students
1. For Find a judgments
2. For find laws
3. To see a location of law colleges.
4. To see legal articles and Blogs.
5. Legal news, court’s opinion, court reporting
6. For Attend seminars, Conferences, Provide lectures.
7. For find legal documents like Draft of affidavits, Forms, Deeds, plaints,
miscellaneous Applications, Appeal, revision etc.
8. Interviews, legal jobs
9. To get a Profile of any enrolled Advocates and law firms.

10. Bibliographic records of Articles, Thesis And abstract
11. Legal Literatures, Law Books
12. Journal articles and conference paper
13. Online law materials.
(8) Use of Internet by the Advocates:
• For Find a judgments
• For find laws
• Advertising purpose
• To see legal articles and Blogs.
• Legal news, court’s opinion, court reporting
• For Attend seminars, Conferences, Provide lectures.
• For find legal documents like Draft of affidavits, Forms, Deeds, plaints,
• For Case Status
• Communication with clients

Question:3 For Finding out International Conventions and treaties.
(1) Introduction
(2) What is Convention?
A meeting or assembly of people who share a common interest or a convention is a

method, practice, rule or custom.
(3) What is International Convention?
“International Conventions are treaties or agreement between countries”. “International

convention is often used interchangeably with terms like international treaty”
International agreement compact or contract between states.
(4) What is Treaty?
A written agreement between two states or sovereigns.
Certain legislations are enacted taking into consideration the moral compulsion under the
international convention and treaties.
(5) Description to find out International conventions and treaties.
As per the provision of the article 253 of the constitution of the India the parliament has
power to enact any law in order to implement international convention and treaties. For
i.e amendments under the patent act, the protection of human rights act,1993.
As a law student or researcher in law it becomes very important to find out the origin of
any legislation. Generally, in the object and reasons of every law, the origin of its
enactment is mention, if origin of any law is international treaties or convention, it
becomes inevitable for any law researcher/students to look into it. The text books publish
by different publisher containing international treaties are very costly, not affordable for
law students. At the same time all this text books are having detail explanation as well as
criticism to the subject which is often irrelevant for the researchers or law students. To
find out the same through internet is the cheapest way.

Thus, we must know how to find out international convention and treaties from internet.
Generally Google is the most extensively used search engine. Yahoo, Bing, Wikipedia
and other search engines also give information about treaties and conventions.
Any search engine contain 100 of websites giving information about a particular treaties
or conventions some of them are just providing news about the treaty, some websites are
about the articles or criticism etc. in order to view the text of the treaties or conventions a
researcher should type in the Google or any other search engine along with the name of
the convention you should type either words “text” or PDF. Normally text or the PDF file
of any treaty or Convention contains entire text excluding the simple explanation or
criticism or articles related to it. i.e. if you want to search Geneva convention you have to
type at the Google “Geneva convention text or Geneva convention PDF” .

Question:4 For knowing legal situation in other countries.
(1) Introduction:
There are 195 independent countries in the world, and that countries have a different
laws. Each and every countries has its own history and social dynamics. That then plays
into the social dynamics and cultural sociology of the country and that in turn plays into
the history and politics of the place. Combine those 2 aspects together an then there’s a
need for a legal frame work to match those 2 aspects. Ergo, Different law in different
countries.
There are some commonalities between the laws of different countries and these are
largely coming from commonalities of life and living down through the age. For instance
things like homicide Murder, rape, theft and the like universally treated as crime and
aggressions so kost countries laws tent to operate roughly along the same lines – though
specifics will vary.
(2) Importance of knowing legal situation in other countries.
As a law students a researcher, advocate and also as a judge it becomes very important to
know the legal situation in other countries, that is capital punishment for murder is
abolished in so many countries.
If you want to compare the penal law of our countries with that of other countries taking
into consideration aspects of capital punishment we must have the thorough knowledge
about the penal laws of the other countries. Knowing penal law of the other country will
be helpful; at every stage of legal profession.
• To the law students knowing situation prevailing in the penal law of other countries.
• To the researcher in making statistics comparison of the data of rates of crimes like
murder in various countries and there by coming to a conclusion as to whether capital
punishment for the offence of murder has deterrent or preventive effect at all or not.
• While arguing the case before any criminal court, a lawyer can compare the
provisions of punishment for the offence of murder in India as well as in other
countries.
• Knowledge and comparison of penal laws of different countries will be useful to any
judge for rendering judgment.

• The knowledge of other countries penal laws are often useful to the legislature for the
purpose of amending the existing legal provisions.
Another example is of the intellectual property law where USA is far ahead from the
Indian legislation with regard to the copyright protection to computer software. It is
therefore becomes inevitable for everyone in the legal field current legal situation of
intellectual property law in other countries.
(3) How to find out legal situation in other countries?
It is very difficult to find out the any particular legislation of various countries from a
single or several text books. You have to read the concerned legislation of almost all
countries individually instead of that from the internet as well as various available search
engines you can within fraction of seconds get the legislation of desired countries. This is
the biggest advantage of internet in the legal profession. It saves your time, money and
energy.

Question: 5 Search Engine and websites : Use for legal education purpose.
1. Introduction
Robert E. Kahn and Vint Cerf is a founder of Internet. Tim Berners Lee who is a
founder of HTML, Also He developed the world wide web. He invented the www. in
1989.The first page went live on 6th august 1991. It was made by Tim Berners Lee.
Design of web logo gave by Belgian Robbert cailliau. And Time burners lee and
robbert cailliau are the father of www. The first web page address was
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/www.theproject.html.
• Definition of Website
“A Place connected to the internet where a company, organization, government,

educational
Institution etc. put information that can be found on the world wide web.
2. Definition of Internet
A global Computer network Providing a variety of information and communication

facilitites, consisting of inter connected networks using standardized communication
protocols.
3. History of Search Engine:

Archie (1990): The first few hundred web sites began in 1993 and most of them were
at colleges, but long before most of them existed came Archie. The first search
engine created was Archie, created in 1990 by Alan Emtage, a student at McGill
University in Montreal.
4. Definition of Search Engine:
a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to
keywords or characters specified by the user, used especially for finding particular
sites on the World Wide Web.

5. Names of search Engines:
Name Users Lang. Web. Founder Year
Google 95% Multi Google.com Larry page & sergery brin 1998
Yahoo 83% Multi Search.yahoo.com Jerry yang & david flo 1994
Baidu Chinise Baidu.com Robin li ericxu 2000
Bing 76% Multi Bing.com Microsoft 2009
blekko English Blekko.com Rich skronta 2007
Yundex Multi Yundex.com Arkady volozo 1989
Ask 54% Multi Ask.com David warthern, Garrett gruenn 2000
Aol 32% Multi Aol.com Jim simsey 1985
- How it’s useful for lawyers

- For Find a judgments
- For find a case status
- To find out laws
- For search a location of courts
- To write or see legal articles, Blogs.
- Legal news, court’s opinion, court reporting
- For Marketing purpose
- For Attend seminars, Conferences, Provide lectures.
- For find legal documents like Draft of affidavits, Forms, Deeds, plaints,
- Interviews, legal jobs
- To get a details of any enrolled Advocates.
- How it’s useful for law Students
- For Find a judgments
- For find laws
- To see a location of law colleges.
- To see legal articles and Blogs.
- Legal news, court’s opinion, court reporting
- For Attend seminars, Conferences, Provide lectures.

- For find legal documents like Draft of affidavits, Forms, Deeds, plaints,
- Interviews, legal jobs
- To get a Profile of any enrolled Advocates and law firms.
- Bibliographic records of Articles, Thesis And abstract
- Legal Literatures, Law Books
- Journal articles and conference paper
- Online law materials.
6. How it’s useful to the law researchers.
- To find the objectives of a particular Research.
- To find the problems in the society through which one can try to resolve it.
- To find the hypothesis.
- To get the Scholarship’s like “RHODES” scholarship.
- To start a online business through the journals.
- To print the law magazine’s i.e LAWZ, Practical lawyers.
- To find the foot note ,references etc.
- To do a marketing of a particular Research.

Question: PDF and PPT
1. Introduction:
PDF was developed in the early 1990s as a way to share documents, including text formatting
and inline images, among computer users of disparate platforms who may not have access to
mutually-compatible application software. It grew out of a system called "Camelot" developed
by Adobe's co-founder John Warnock.Adobe was founded in December 1982 by John
Warnock and Charles Geschke, who established the company after leaving Xerox PARC in
order to develop and sell the PostScript page description language.
2. What is PDF?
PDF (Portable Document Format) is a file format that has captured all the elements of a printed
document as an electronic image that you can view, navigate, print, or forward to someone
else. PDF files are created using Adobe Acrobat , Acrobat Capture, or similar products.
3. What does a contain of PDF?
PDF files may contain interactive elements such as annotations, form fields, video, 3D and rich
media. Rich Media PDF is a PDF file including interactive content thatcan be embedded or
linked within the file. Interactive Forms is a mechanism to add forms to the PDF file format.
4. Advantages and disadvantages of PDF Files
• Advantages
– popularity of formats. PDF can be opened on any device with any operating system
in exactly the same form in which it was created;
– easy for viewing. Adobe Acrobat Reader is often pre-installed on your computer
and it is totally free;
– PDF takes little space on your hard drive, because it supports a variety of image
compression algorithms;
– user can customize the security settings, for example, prohibit printing or editing.
Format allows using electronic signatures to determine the authenticity of the
document.
• Disadvantages
– it’s not free to edit PDF files;
– it’s easier to edit files in other formants than in PDF, because PDF files must be

edited in specialized programs;
– it’s difficult to work with text in PDF files, because they are perceived as a picture.
5. Reason to use PDF
1) PDFs are Universal. Editing documents in Word can be easy and useful, but if you save a
Word document on a Mac, it may not visually transfer properly to a PC; whereas PDFs are
viewable on any device.
2) Trusted Security. Even legal professionals trust PDFs as their preferred file format.
According to Legalscans.com, for an electronic document to be admissible in a court of law, it
must be created in a file format that cannot be altered without leaving an electronic footprint.
PDFs satisfy that need.
3) Quick and Easy to Create. Whether working with Word, Excel or PowerPoint, documents
are easily converted into PDF, and with Adobe Acrobat XI you can easily convert them back if
need be.
4) Decreases File Size. Professionals can convert any file into a PDF without sacrificing
quality. You can even merge multiple documents, such as spreadsheets, photos, and
presentations, into a single PDF file.
5) Reading is Free. Most PDF Readers, including Adobe Reader, are free to the public. This
ensures that anyone you send the file to will be able to see the full version of your document.
6) Interactive Documents. To create a fully interactive experience, the latest version of Adobe
Acrobat allows you to add hyperlinks, rich media, music, movies, and many other advanced
features to your PDF.
7) Mobile Access. Adobe Reader is available on any device, so people can read your PDF files
anywhere they want, while still accessing a lot of the same functionality they would get on a
desktop.
8) Completely Searchable. Users can easily find what they are looking for through a quick
search. PDF documents can even be organized with a table of contents that link all sections to the
appropriate pages in the file.

9) Password Protection. Many industries deal in sensitive material or intellectual copyrights
that need an even higher level of security. The password protection option allows both recipients
and those receiving the file to know that their information is secure.
10) Document Analytics. Recipients can also view who has access to the information. If the
password is breached, the appropriate actions can easily be taken.
6. 4 Reasons Why Lawyers Need PDF Software
1. Security: Password Protection
2. Confidentiality
The issue of confidentiality is another major concern for legal professionals. Thankfully, Soda PDF has a
reliable reviewing feature that will help with that.
3. Markup
Marking up a document is a necessary yet time-consuming part of the job. Luckily, Soda PDF’s
Highlight, Underline, and Strikethrough features facilitate the process. What’s more, users can use sticker
notes to leave their personal comments on each page. Each comment can be hidden from view with a
click of a button.
4. User-friendly
Lawyers don’t have time for complicated software, which is why Soda PDF was developed with the user
in mind. It has a user-friendly interface that is easy to navigate, and a detailed user guide and product tour
for those who need a little help.
It is also equipped with a one-click conversion tool, which makes it easy to use. Users can convert PDF to
Word, PDF to PowerPoint, PDF to Excel, and more.1
1
https://www.sodapdf.com/blog/5-reasons-why-lawyers-need-pdf-software/

Question:7 PPT
1. Introduction
Robert Gaskins Creation at Forethought (1984–1987) PowerPoint was created by Robert

Gaskinsand Dennis Austin at a software startup in Silicon Valley named Forethought, Inc.
Originally called 'Presenter', the name couldn't be used as it had been trademarked by a company
in New Jersey, so a new one had to be found. The name 'PowerPoint' was thought up by Robert
Gaskins whilst taking a shower.
Microsoft PowerPoint (or simply PowerPoint) is a presentation program, created by Robert
Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought, Inc. It was released
on April 20, 1987, initially for Macintosh computers only.
2. What is PPT?
PowerPoint is a presentation program developed by Microsoft. ... The software allows users to
create anything from basic slide shows to complex presentations.PowerPoint is often used to
create business presentations, but can also be used for educational or informal purposes.
3. Who can Use PPT?
* Uses of Power point by Law Students
* Uses of power point by Law researchers,
* Uses of Power point by Lecturers
* Uses of Power point by Advocates
* Uses of Power point by Professors
* Uses of Power point for job seekers
* Uses of Power Point in governance and citizen services
* Uses of Power Point for Business Etc.
4. Uses of Power point.

Let us take a look at 10 such creatively evolved uses of PowerPoint in today’s context:
1. E-Brochures
2. Storyboard Tool
3. E-direct Mailers for Product Promotions
4. Corporate Policies on the Intranet
5. E-recipes on Gourmet and Culinary portals
6. Orthopedic, Physiotherapy exercises and Yoga asana
7. Customer Education
8. Project Prototypes
9. Personal Portfolio
10. Online Photo Album
Each of the above mentioned areas are elaborated below with a sample URL and screen shots.
1. E-Brochures: Increasingly organizations are creating visual ppt based brochures online with
complete product details, costing, availability etc.
2. Storyboard Tool: PowerPoint is an excellent tool for storyboarding, creating an outline for a
detailed content heavy presentation. Later these outline slides can also serve as separators in the
presentation linked to the detailed sections under each header through extensive navigation
buttons
3. E-direct Mailers for Product Promotions: EDMs, today, are most commonly used
information providers in organizations for internal as well as customer usage. PowerPoint serves
as a light and easy-to-use tool to create these mailers to be sent via e-mail. This could also
include newsletters and e-magazines. Sample: include newsletters and e-magazines. Sample:
http://www.lsoft.com/news/spring2003/ema_0103.ppt#256,1, email Marketing, the marketing
tool you can’t afford to ignore
4. Corporate Policies on the Intranet: Ppt based organizational policies on Quality, HR,
Finance, Operations etc can be created and uploaded on the intranet. These can be converted to
PDF or flash formats to prevent data tempering and misuse.

5. E-recipes on Gourmet and Culinary portals; SPICE The Soul Of Indian Cooking
6. Orthopedic, Physiotherapy exercises and Yoga asana: Downloadable ppts giving

information about yogasanas, and physiotherapy exercises which can be followed by patients’
offline for health benefits.
7. Customer Education: To educate customers in do’s and don’ts of banking, insurance, health,
traffic, travel, etc. The sample shows clear instructor notes as well in case the presentation is
downloaded and used offline. The ppt has been converted to PDF format to prevent tampering
with data.
8. Project Prototypes: You can create prototypes for all web based projects, consulting,
engineering, architectural and environmental projects using a lot of animation.
9. Personal Portfolio with extensive navigation buttons controlling multiple presentations from
a single master presentation.
10. Online Photo Album: You can use photos on full slides with slide transitions and custom
animation effects to get that ‘… going down the memory lane feel’.2
5. Versions of PowerPoint3
Date Name Version
April 1987 PowerPoint 1.0
October 1987 PowerPoint 1.01
May 1988 PowerPoint 2.0
December 1988 PowerPoint 2.01
2
https://www.24point0.com/product-reviews-and-applications/10-creative-uses-of-powerpoint/
3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint

Date Name Version
September 1992 PowerPoint 3.0
February 1994 PowerPoint 4.0
October 1994 PowerPoint 4.0
July 1995 PowerPoint 95 7.0
January 1997 PowerPoint 97 8.0
March 1998 PowerPoint 98 8.0
June 1999 PowerPoint 2000 9.0
August 2000 PowerPoint 2001 9.0
May 2001 PowerPoint XP 10.0
November 2001 PowerPoint v. X 10.0
October 2003 PowerPoint 2003 11.0
May 2005 PowerPoint Mobile 11.0
September 2007 PowerPoint Mobile 12.0

Date Name Version
June 2010 PowerPoint 2010 Web App 14.0
June 2010 PowerPoint Mobile 2010 14.0
November 2010 PowerPoint 2011 14.0
April 2012 PowerPoint Mobile 2010 14.0
October 2012 PowerPoint Web App 2013 15.0
November 2012 PowerPoint Mobile 2013 15.0
November 2012 PowerPoint RT 2013 15.0
June 2013 PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iPhone 15.0
July 2013 PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for Android 15.0
February 2014 PowerPoint 2013 Online 15.0
March 2014 PowerPoint 2013 for iPad 15.0
November 2014 PowerPoint Mobile 2013 for iOS 15.0
June 2015 PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for Android 16.0
July 2015 PowerPoint 2016 for Macintosh 16.0
July 2015 PowerPoint Mobile 2016 16.0
July 2015 PowerPoint Mobile 2016 for iOS 16.0

Date Name Version
September 2015 PowerPoint 2016 for Windows 16.0
January 2018 PowerPoint 2016 for Windows Store 16.0

Question:8 For searching Judgments of various courts and comments there upon.
1. Introduction :
Whenever you happened to visit the lawyer’s chamber, you will wonder whether such huge
library is indispensable for a lawyer in the present information technology and communication
age. It is up heal ask for lawyers to maintain huge library it us not only taxing monetory wise but
also difficult to get spacious accommodation in central location but technology is changing every
thing in the world and influencing our daily life. Some people are already speculating that
present generation of lawyer does not maintain that huge library with the voluminous journals,
due to advent of newer technologies like information technologies user friendly like internet and
virtual library is available in the cyber world (www.) with a finger touch at an affordable price
and apart from that free websites are also offering their services.
2. Internet in legal Practice We are in the world of E-commerce,E- Governance and E-

Courts.The new technology will replace age old traditional practices&mechanism of government
machinery and courts,all activity of government like maintenance of land records ,release of
G.O's ,and property tax/value calculation have become online.
All state government offices ,apart from Secretariat/head offices ,even grass root level offices
like gram Panchayat level / Municipal offices to District Collector are maintaining websites to
cater the needs of the common man.
We often feel that government will become paper -less administration within in matter of time
and for the matter of fact,even courts are also bound to follow the paper- less administration
policy to a certain extent.
Presently ordinary citizen can know case status information ,cause list[list of cases] and
judgments of Supreme Court ,High courts,Service tribunals,city civil courts,state consumer
commissions ,commissions[HRC/SRC] and other courts.
3. Role of NIC &e-courts :
It is fact that today ,all organizational activities &publications have become online Viz. court's s
cause list[list of cases to be taken up],online e-filing ,online journals ,and Advocate's database
and are with in -reach of general public with minimum cost. The National Informatics

Centre[NIC ]-http://www.nic.in/ is responsible for maintaining the websites of all courts in
India.-http://www.indiancourts.nic.in/
The Indian judiciary comprises of nearly 15,000 courts situated in approximately 2,500 court
complexes throughout the country.The National Informatics Centre (NIC) is a premiere
Science&Technology institution of the Government of India, established in 1976,is providing e-
governance support to central government ,state government , UT Administrations, Districts and
other Government bodies. It offers a wide range of ICT services including Nationwide
Communication Network (NICNET) for decentralised planning, improvement in Government
services and wider transparency of national and local Governments.
The project scope is to develop, deliver, install and implement automated decision making and
decision support system in 700 courts of Delhi, Bombay, Kolkata & Chennai; 900 courts in the
29 capital city courts of states and UTs and 13000 district and subordinate courts.
The objectives of the NIC project/E-courts are- http://ecourts.nic.in/
• To help judicial administrations of the courts in streamlining their day-to-day

activities
• To assist judicial administration in reducing the pendency of cases
• To provide transparency of information to the litigants
• To provide access to legal and judicial databases to the judges.
4. Computer savvy Advocates-Social networking websites :
It is heartening to note that most Lawyers ,Judicial officers ,Judges have become computer-savvy
and adopted new technology with ease.Most of them are effectively utilizing social networking
utility services viz, Face book ,Linked in ,tweeter for networking and exchange of information.It
will bound have significant impact on professional advancement and enhancement of
professional /advocacy skills.It has increased research skills of advocates ,most advocates are
familiar with search engines like Google,Yahoo &encyclopedia like Wikipedia.They are also
using online web services of SCC,AIR,Manupatra resources.
It is hypothetical to answer, Whether we will not able to see lawyers chambers with huge
volumes of AIR,SCC ,Crl L.J ,Supreme Today etc. But the Technology bound to change the

lawyers approach to legal profession.Whatever may be the outcome of technological
advancement,it will bound have positive impact on standards of legal profession.
The internet technology[ICT] is changing the courts functioning and also changing the face of
legal profession.The computer knowledge and internet are essential part of the legal profession
,moreover indispensable to survive in the legal profession.4
5. Hierarchy of Courts in India
6. Websites and software to find courts Judgments.
Free databases
1. Indian Kanoon ~ is good, and free. You can download PDF versions here.
2. Supreme Court and relevant High Court websites, and specific Consumer Forum and
State Commissions for Redressal of Consumer Disputes, searchable by title.
3. E-courts ~ District courts in India To read district court orders and judgments.
Paid databases
1. Manupatra
2. SCC Online
4
https://legalgensis.blogspot.com/2012/02/role-of-internet-in-legal-practice.html
5
https://www.google.com/search?q=structure+of+courts+in+india

7. Why is google/yahoo showing court judgments from Indian Kanoon?
Indian Kanoon has been useful for people seeking information on Indian Law. Over time
Indian Kanoon's reputation on general search engines like google and yahoo has
improved and as a result, pages from Indian Kanoon have started surfacing in the top few
of search results.
8. Court Cases Are Public Records
Court judgments are public records. If a case is heard by a court of India, no one can
argue that the opinion should not be published and viewable by all, unless the court itself
expressly says it cannot be published or a law says it cannot be.
The decisions of the Supreme Court are the law of the land, and all citizens can read their
decisions. Not just the Supreme Court, courts today are publishing their judgments and
orders on the Internet. If you search for a current court case from judis.nic.in or a high
court website or the district court websites, you will find details of that case directly from
the courts.
The Section 52(1)(q)(iv) of the Copyright Act states that publication of court judgments
does not constitute an infringement of Copyright.
In R. Rajagopal vs State Of T.N on 7 October, 1994
where the Supreme Court defined the scope of the Right to Privacy, it held that
publication of court records will not constitute any violation of the right to privacy. It
held:
The rule aforesaid is subject to the exception, that any publication concerning the
aforesaid aspects becomes unobjectionable if such publication is based upon public
records including court records. This is for the reason that once a matter becomes a
matter of public record, the right to privacy no longer subsists and it becomes a legitimate
subject for comment by press and media among others. We are, however, of the opinion
that in the interests of decency [Article 19(2) an exception must be carved out to this rule,

viz., a female who is the victim of a sexual assault, kidnap, abduction or a like offence
should not further be subjected to the indignity of her name and the incident being
publicised in press/media

Question:9 Legal Profession through office management
1. Introduction
2. What is Law?
3. What is law practice management?
1. The study and practice of business administration in the legal context including such topics as
work load and staff management, office management and marketing including legal advertising.
2. A lawyers time and advice are his only stock in the trade but another important requisite to be a
successful advocate is a well maintained the law office and its proper management.
3. Management of law office involves various aspects like locations, lay out, library, registers, diary,
case and staff management meeting, communication with client, assignment of work to juniors,
utilization of equipments like computer, mobile etc.
1. Law office management

1. Management means a process of managing or maintaining a proper methodology
depending on the needs and demands of the nature of the work.
2. Law office management is the particulars holding, checking, controlling, contriving
and maintaining various requirements of the profession.
3. Thus the requirements of the legal profession determine the structure nature,
management largely depend on the financial resources available and the attitude
and devotion of an advocate towards the profession.
4. Importance of information and technology and internet cannot be over emphasize
in the field of legal office management. law office manager is an online application
which help you carrying your day to day activities more smoothly and efficiently.
5. This software remaining you about your case details, cases, hearing, appointments,
meeting, communication, creating a online websites, sending sms to your clients,
contact, managing cash receipt and payment issuing payment by clients. It’s an
asset of any law office.
2. Use of Law office management.
3. Describe features of legal office management
1. Multi user operation:
2. Case Management
3. Contact management

4. Manage client
5. Manage account
6. Manage websites
7. Manage billing
8. Text messages
9. E-mail.

Use of Internet English

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Use of Internet English

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

USE OF INTERNET IN LEGAL EDUCATION

Question:1 Law related websites: Kinds, Basic Knowledge and Importance.

(2) Definition of Website

(3) What is the meaning of law:

(4) Kinds of websites:

2. Photo Sharing Websites

3. Writers / Authors Websites

4. Community Building Websites

5. Mobile Device Websites

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

8. Online Business Brochure/Catalog Websites

10. E-commerce Websites

1. Internships/Conferences/call for papers/Seminars

2. Legal News and articles

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

4. General Legal stuff

6. Online Legal courses

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

(6) Use of Internet by the law researchers

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

(2) What is Convention?

A meeting or assembly of people who share a common interest or a convention is a

(3) What is International Convention?

“International Conventions are treaties or agreement between countries”. “International

(4) What is Treaty?

A written agreement between two states or sovereigns.

(5) Description to find out International conventions and treaties.

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

(3) How to find out legal situation in other countries?

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

“A Place connected to the internet where a company, organization, government,

A global Computer network Providing a variety of information and communication

3. History of Search Engine:

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

- How it’s useful for lawyers

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

3. What does a contain of PDF?

4. Advantages and disadvantages of PDF Files

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

5. Reason to use PDF

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

6. 4 Reasons Why Lawyers Need PDF Software

1. Security: Password Protection

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Robert Gaskins Creation at Forethought (1984–1987) PowerPoint was created by Robert

3. Who can Use PPT?

* Uses of Power point by Law Students

* Uses of power point by Law researchers,

* Uses of Power point by Lecturers

* Uses of Power point by Advocates

* Uses of Power point by Professors

* Uses of Power point for job seekers

* Uses of Power Point in governance and citizen services

* Uses of Power Point for Business Etc.

4. Uses of Power point.

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

Prof. Kushal A. Shah

6. Orthopedic, Physiotherapy exercises and Yoga asana: Downloadable ppts giving

Date Name Version