Bheramara Geotechnical Investigation Plant Area

BHER
RAMARA COMBINE
E CYCLE POWER PLANT
P (36
60 MW)
DEVELO
OPMENT PROJECT
P
Owner:
NORTH-WEST POWER GENERATI

G ION COMP
PANY LTD..
Owner’ss Consultan
nt: TOKYYO ELECT
TRIC POW
WER SERVIICES CO. LTD.
L &
FICH
HTNER Gm
mbH & Co. KG
K
Prime C ontractor
MAR
RUBENI CO
ORPORATIION
EPC Sub
b Contractoor:
LARS
SEN & TOU
UBRO LIM
MITED, VADODARA
EPC Sub
b Contractoor’s Consultant:
L&T––SARGENT
T & LUNDY
Y LIMITED
D, VADOD
DARA
L&T – S&L
S Job No.: L7760000 Prooject No.:
Title:
T
TECHNIC
CAL SPE
ECIFICAT
TION FO
OR
G
GEOTECH TIGATIONS
HNICAL INVEST
Doc/Drg N
No.: L776-0001C-SP-00002 Rev No.: A Totaal No. of Paages : 51
ISSUED FO
OR
INFOR
RMATION A
APPROVAL
INQUIR
RY ORDER
O
CONSTTRUCTION A BUILT
AS
REV
VISION STA
ATUS:
Prepaared Revviewed Ap
pproved
Rev No. Name
Name Date Datee Namee Date
M
Mech Elecc Civil C&I
C SES
S
A JCS 177/01/2014 SSG 17/01/2
2014 CS 17/01/20144
BHERAMARA COMBINED CYCLE POWER PLANT
(360 MW) DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS
CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
LARSEN & TOUBRO POWER GENERATION
Doc. No.: L776-001C-SP-0002 Rev. No. A CO. LTD (NWPGCL)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Clause No. Description Page
1.0 GENERAL 3
2.0 CONTRACTUAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 3
3.0 INTENT OF INVESTIGATION 3
4.0 SCOPE OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION 3
5.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS 5
6.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS – SOIL 9
7.0 LABORATORY TESTING 21
8.0 REPORT 24
9.0 RATES AND MEASUREMENTS 29
BORE LOG FORMAT & SUMMARY OF LABORATORY

Annexure-I 33
TEST RESULTS
REQUIRED GEOTECHNICAL SERVICES (REPORT

Annexure-II 36
PREPARATION REQUIREMENT)
Annexure-III SCHEDULE OF QUANTITIES 45
GEOTECHNICAL FIELD INVESTIGATION PROGRAM–

Annexure-IV 50
LOCATION OF BORE HOLES AND OTHER TESTS
Page 2 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
1.0 GENERAL
M/S Larsen and Toubro Limited, intent to carryout detailed geotechnical investigations for
Bheramara Combined Cycle Power Plant Development Project, at Bangladesh. The detailed
site-specific geotechnical investigation to be carried out to provide accurate information, both
general and specific, about the substrata profile and relevant soil and rock parameters at site on
the basis of which the foundations for various structures, buildings, facilities and equipment of
the Power Station can be designed rationally. The power station structures would include
Turbine Building, Steam Turbine Generator, Control Building, Transformers, Switchyard,
Rotary Equipment, Cooling Tower, ACW/CW Pump House & Forebay, Water treatment area,
Pipe Racks, Reservoirs, Roads, water intake structure and outfall structures etc., and all other
related structures of the Power Plant. The above list is indicative and not exhaustive. The range
of load intensities from the various structures is expected to be between 50 kN/sq.m and 500
kN/sq.m.
2.0 CONTRACTUAL TERMS DEFINITION

The contractual terms, written in capital letters in the present technical specifications, have to
be understood as follows:
- EPC Sub-Contractor / PURCHASER = Larsen and Toubro Limited.
- ENGINEER = L&T - Sargent & Lundy Ltd.
- BIDDER = The Agency / Person in charge of the in situ
and laboratory soil investigations.
3.0 INTENT OF INVESTIGATION

The intent, in brief, of the proposed soil investigation, is to ascertain the type of sub-strata such
as soil, rock etc., their characteristics and their suitability for the structures proposed to be built
and to decide on the choice of the type of foundation to be adopted for the type and magnitude
of envisaged loadings. All the tests that are considered necessary in the opinion of the
ENGINEER for this purpose, shall be conducted. Any additional tests/works, depth, number
and type of specified tests, revision in the diameter, depth of bore holes, samples to be
collected etc. shall be carried out in close coordination with ENGINEER. This specification
secures minimum acceptable technical requirements of the site investigation, subsequent
laboratory testing and reporting.
4.0 SCOPE OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

This document is intended as reference tool and covers the technical requirements for a detailed
Geotechnical investigation and submission of detailed Geotechnical investigation report and
recommendations. All geotechnical investigations must comply with this specification and / or
to the latest relevant IS codes, including those investigations conducted directly by BIDDER
and /or their sub-contractors. The BIDDER shall carry out necessary geotechnical investigation
as per the schedule of quantities at specified locations as marked on Geo-technical
Investigation Plan (Annexure-V) of the project, adhering to the requirements specified in
Annexure-I & II and applicable standard codes described in Section 5.
Page 3 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
The work shall include mobilization of all necessary equipment, providing necessary
engineering supervision and technical personnel, skilled and unskilled labour, etc. as required,
to carry out the entire field as well as laboratory investigation, analysis and interpretation of
data collected and preparation of Geotechnical investigation report, addressing
recommendations on soil properties and foundation design parameters to be used in
engineering of various structures and facilities.
Prior to beginning of any investigation, the BIDDER shall prepare a method statement for
review and approval by the ENGINEER. The method statement shall include a stage-by-stage
description of how the work will be carried out. It shall provide details of proposed equipment,
investigation techniques and methods, as well as proposed sampling methods and laboratory
test procedures. Investigation schedule, sequence and staffing (numbers and qualifications;
subcontractors) shall also be addressed in the method statement including safety precautions
and regulatory requirements. During the investigation, it is essential that BIDDER keeps the
ENGINEER and the PURCHASER fully informed before, during and after execution of each
activity in the investigation.
The BIDDER shall make necessary arrangements for locating the coordinates and positions of
boreholes, trial pits and relevant field tests as per the drawings/sketches supplied and for
determining the Reduced Levels (RL) at these locations with respect to the single bench mark,
indicated by the PURCHASER/ENGINEER. BIDDER will be provided two established
reference lines for horizontal datum control.
The BIDDER shall submit two copies of field bore logs to the PURCHASER (one copy to the
site office of the PURCHASER and the other to the Engineer’s Office at Baroda and all the
field records (countersigned by the ENGINEER) soon after the completion of each
borehole/test.
Whenever the BIDDER is unable to extract undisturbed samples, BIDDER shall immediately
inform the ENGINEER and the PURCHASER’s engineering office. Payment for boring
charges shall be subject to the PURCHASER being satisfied that adequate effort has been made
to extract undisturbed samples.
One copy of all the laboratory test data/records shall be sent to the PURCHASER every week
during the progress of laboratory testing and as asked by the Engineer. Whenever desired,
during the progress of the work, the PURCHASER/ENGINEER may visit at the laboratory
where the BIDDER is arranging the laboratory tests.
The BIDDER shall interact with the PURCHASER to get acquainted with the different types of
structures envisaged and in assessing the load intensities on the foundations for the various
structures of the power plant in order to enable him to make specific recommendations for the
depth, founding stratum, type of foundation and the allowable bearing pressure.
At some occasions, considering the urgency of the project requirements, intermediate report for
some of the investigation results may be required. The same shall be informed by the
PURCHASER/ENGINEER. The BIDDER shall prepare and submit the intermediate report
whenever required at no additional cost.
After review of the BIDDER’s draft report, the PURCHASER may call BIDDER for
Page 4 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
discussions in order to explain PURCHASER's observation/comments on the report. Within

one week of such a request, the BIDDER’s qualified geotechnical engineer shall be available at
the PURCHASER’s Engineering Office at Baroda for discussion. Any expenditure on account
of redrafting, finalizing the report including cost of visits to PURCHASER’s Engineering
Office shall be deemed to be included in the quoted rates.
The Bidder shall submit a statement endorsing the adequacy of the proposed investigation
program or submit suggested modifications.
5.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

5.1 All standards, specifications and codes of practice referred to herein shall be latest editions
including all applicable official amendments and revisions.
5.2 In case of conflict between these specifications, present specification and choice of
ENGGINERS shall have precedence.
5.3 All work shall be carried out as per BANGLADESH NATIONAL BUILDING CODE/ BNBC
or as per following standards/ codes.
IS 1080 : Code of practice for design and construction of Shallow foundations

on soils (other than raft, ring and shell).
IS 1498 : Classification and identification of Soils for General Engineering
Purposes.
IS 1888 : Method of Load Test on Soils.
IS 1892 : Code of practice for Subsurface Investigation for Foundation.
IS 1904 : Code of practice for design and construction of foundation in Soils:
General Requirements.
IS 2131 : Method of Standard Penetration Test for soils.
IS 2132 : Code of practice for Thin walled Tube Sampling of soils.
IS 2470 : Code of practice for design and construction of Septic Tanks.(Part-I)
IS 2720 : Methods of Test for Soils.(Relevant Parts)
IS 2809 : Glossary of terms and symbols relating to Soil Engineering.
IS 2810 : Glossary of terms relating to Soil Dynamics.
IS 2911 : Code of practice for design and construction of Pile foundations
(Relevant Parts).
IS 2950 : Code of practice for design and construction of Raft
foundation.(Part-I)
IS 3025 : Methods of Sampling and Testing (Physical and Chemical) for
Water used industry.
IS 3043 : Code of practice for Earthing.
Page 5 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
IS 4078 : Code of practice for Indexing and Storage of Drill Cores.

IS 4434 : Code of practice for In-situ Vane Shear Test for Soils.
IS 4453 : Code of practice for Exploration by Pits, Trenches, Drifts and
Shafts.
IS 4464 : Code of practice for presentation of Drilling information and Core
description in Foundation investigation.
IS 4968 : Method for Subsurface Sounding for Soils: Dynamic method using
Cone and (Part-II) Bentonite slurry.
IS 4968 : Method for Subsurface Sounding for Soils: Static Cone penetration
Test.(Part-III)
IS 5249 : Method of Test for determination of in-situ Dynamic Properties of
Soil.
IS 5313 : Guide for Core Drilling Observations.
IS 5529 : Code of practice for in-situ permeability Part-I Test- Test in
Overburden.
IS 5529 : Code of practice for in-situ permeability Part - II Test - Test in Bed
rock.
IS 6065 : Recommendation for the preparation of Geological and
Geotechnical maps of River Valley Projects.
IS 6403 : Code of practice for determination of Allowable Bearing Capacity
on shallow foundation.
IS 6926 : Code of practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site investigation
for River Valley Projects.
IS 6935 : Method for determination of water level in bore-holes.
IS 6955 : Code of practice of subsurface exploration for Earth and Rock fill
dams.
IS 7422 : Symbols and Abbreviations for use in Geological maps, sections and
subsurface (relevant parts) exploratory logs.
IS 8009 : Code of practice for calculation of settlement of foundation
subjected to symmetrical (Part-I) vertical loads: Shallow
Foundations.
IS 8009 : Code of practice for calculation of settlement of foundation
subjected to symmetrical vertical loads-Deep Foundations.
IS 8763 : Guide for Undisturbed Sampling of Sands.
IS 8764 : Method for determination of point load strength index of Rocks.
IS 9143 : Method for the determination of unconfined compressive strength of
Rock Materials.
Page 6 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
IS 9179 : Method for preparation of Rock Specimen for Laboratory testing.

IS 9198 : Compaction Rammer for Soil Testing.
IS 9214 : Determination of Modulus of sub grade reaction in field.
IS 9259 : Specifications for Liquid Limit apparatus.
IS 9640 : Specifications for Split Spoon Sampler.
IS 9669 : Specifications for CBR Mould and its accessories.
IS 10050 : Method for determination of Slake Durability Index of Rocks.
IS 10060 : Code of practice for subsurface investigations for Power House
Sites.
IS 10074 : Specification for compaction mould assembly for Light and Heavy
Compaction.
IS 10108 : Code of practice for sampling by thin wall sampler with Stationary
piston.
IS 10589 : Equipment for determination of subsurface sounding of Soils.
IS 10837 : Specifications of moulds for determination of Relative density and
its accessories.
IS 11229 : Specifications for Shear Box testing of soils.
IS 11315 : Description of Discontinuities in Rock Mass Core Recovery and
Rock Quality (Part-II)
IS 13372 : Seismic Testing of Rock Mass ; Part 1: Within a Borehole
Part 2 : Between Boreholes
International Standards
ASTM D4428 : Test Method for Cross Hole Seismic Testing
ASTM D4719 : Pressure meter testing in soils
ASTM D4879 : Guide for Geotechnical mapping of large underground
openings in rock
ASTM D5334 : Test Method for Determination of Thermal Conductivity
of soil and soft rock by Thermal Needle probe procedure
ASTM D5778 : Test Method for performing electronic friction cone and
piezocone penetration testing of soils
BS 5930 : Code of practice for Site Investigation, British Standard
Institution, London.
CIRIA (1983) : Site Investigation Manual. Special Publication no. 35,
CIRIA, London
Page 7 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
ASTM D1452 Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by

Auger Borings
ASTM D6151 Standard Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for
Geotechnical Exploration and Soil Sampling
ASTM D6519 Standard Practice for Sampling of Soil Using the
Hydraulically Operated Stationary Piston Sampler
ASTM D1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils
for Geotechnical Purposes
ASTM D2573 Standard Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in
Cohesive Soil
ASTM D1586 Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D2487 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for
Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
ASTM D4220 Standard Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
Samples
ASTM D4914 Standard Test Methods for Density and Unit Weight of
Soil and Rock in Place by the Sand Replacement Method
in a Test Pit
ASTM D7400 Standard Test Methods for Downhole Seismic Testing
ASTM D5777 Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method
for Subsurface Investigation
ASTM D1586 Standard Test Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
ASTM D4318 Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
Plasticity Index of Soils
ASTM D1883 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
ASTM D4429 Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio)
of Soils in Place
ASTM D2435 Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional
Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental
Loading
ASTM D6431 Standard Guide for Using the Direct Current
Resistivity Method for Subsurface Investigation
ASTM D5903 Standard guide for planning and preparing for a ground
water sampling event
Page 8 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
6.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS – SOIL

6.1 Boring
6.1.1 General Requirements
Boreholes shall be taken at specified locations to obtain information about the sub-soil
profile, its nature and strength and to collect soil samples for strata identification and
conducting laboratory tests. The minimum diameter of the bore hole shall be 150 mm and
boring shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of BS: 5930 or CIRIA SP35 or
IS: 1892 and as per this specification.
All boreholes shall extend up to depths shown on the enclosed drawings or as indicated
elsewhere in this Specification. If the stratum with Standard Penetration Test – N value
greater than 100 with characteristics of rock is met with earlier, the bore hole shall be
advanced further by chiseling if boreholes to be advanced further. Chiselling shall be
continued for a maximum depth of 20cm or upto 2 hours whichever is earlier. During
chiselling rock fragments/rock cores shall be collected. Identification of rock strata shall be
on the basis of visual examination of SPT sample and rock fragments. After it is established
that rock is met with, the borehole shall be advanced further by drilling in rock as specified in
clause 6.0 and cores shall be collected. When the bore hole is terminated in soil strata, an
additional standard penetration test shall be carried out at the termination depth and borehole
shall be terminated if SPT N-value is observed to be greater than 50. No extra payment shall
be made for carrying out Standard Penetration tests.
Casing pipe shall be used in the borehole to support its sides when a side fall is envisaged to
occur inside the borehole. When casing pipe is used, it shall be ensured that its bottom end is
at all times less than 15 cm above the bottom of the borehole and not below the level at which
the test has to be conducted or sampling has to be done. In case of cohesionless soils the
advancement of the casing pipe shall be such that it does not disturb the soil to be tested or
sampled. The casing shall be advanced by slowly turning the casing pipe and not by driving.
In-situ tests shall be conducted and undisturbed samples shall be obtained at specified
intervals in the boreholes. Representative disturbed samples shall be preserved for conducting
various identification tests in the laboratory. Water table in the borehole shall be carefully
recorded and reported. No water/drilling mud shall be added while boring above ground
water table. For cohesionless soil below water table, the water level in the borehole shall be at
all times be maintained slightly above the water table.
The borehole shall be cleaned using suitable tools up to the depth of testing or sampling,
ensuring that there is minimum disturbance of the soil at the bottom of the borehole. The
process of jetting through an open tube sampler shall not be permitted. In cohesive soils, the
borehole may be cleaned using a bailer with flap valve.
On completion of the boreholes, the BIDDER shall backfill all the boreholes as directed by
the ENGINEER. Holes in superficial deposits shall be filled to within 1.0 meter of ground
level using the arising excavated material. The remaining 1.0 meter shall be back-filled using
selected material from the arising in order that the ground is restored to its original condition.
Page 9 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
6.1.2 Auger Boring

Auger boring can be adopted in soft to stiff cohesive soils above water table. Augers shall be
of helical or posthole type which may be manually or power operated. While boring, care
shall be taken to minimize the disturbance to the deposits below the bottom of the borehole.
The cuttings brought up by the auger shall be carefully examined in the field and the
description of all the strata shall be duly recorded in the field bore log. No water shall be
introduced from the top while conducting Auger boring.
6.1.3 Shell and Auger Boring

Shell and Auger boring can be used in all types of soil free from boulders. For cohesionless
soil below ground water table, the water level in the borehole shall always be maintained at
or above the ground water level. The use of chisel bit shall be permitted in hard strata with
SPT-N value greater than 100. Chisel bits may also be used to extend the borehole through
local obstruction such as old construction, boulders, rocky formations, etc. All other
requirements in clause 6.1.2 shall apply for this type of boring also.
6.1.4 Percussion Boring

This method can be adopted in soil with gravel and boulders when the boring has to be done
at a fast rate. This method consists of breaking of the strata by repeated blows from a chisel
or drilling bit and bailing out the debris at intervals by adding water into the borehole. This
method is not suitable for careful and very reliable sampling operation because of the
disturbance caused during boring.
6.1.5 Rotary Mud Circulation Boring

This method can be used in all types of soil below water table. In this method boring shall be
done by rotating the bit fixed at the bottom of the drill rod. Proper care shall be taken to keep
firm contact between the bit and the bottom of the borehole. Bentonite or mud laden fluids
shall be used as the drilling fluid to serve as the protective surface inside the borehole. Use of
percussion tool shall be permitted in hard clays and dense sandy deposits.
6.2 Standard Penetration Test

6.2.1 This test shall be conducted in all types of soil deposits met within a borehole to find the
variation in the soil stratification by correlating with the number of blows required for unit
penetration of a standard penetrometer. SPT and UDS shall be carried out alternatively at
1.0m intervals and at significant change of strata. The interval shall be increased to 1.5m
below 10.0m depth of boring. The first SPT shall be at 0.5m depth of boring. The entire
work shall be conducted as per the direction of the ENGINEER. The depth interval between
the top levels of Standard Penetration Test and next undisturbed sampling shall not be less
than 1.0m. The specifications for the equipment and other accessories, procedure for
conducting the test and collection of the disturbed soil samples shall conform to ASTM
D1586 or IS:2131.
6.2.2 This test shall be carried out by driving a standard split spoon sampler in the borehole by
Page 10 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
means of a 650 N Hammer having a free fall of 0.75 m. This test shall be discontinued when
the blow count is equal to 100 or the penetration is less than 25 mm for 50 blows whichever
is earlier. At the location where the test is discontinued, the penetration and the number of
blows shall be reported. Sufficient quantity of disturbed soil samples shall be collected from
the split spoon sampler for identification and laboratory testing. The sample shall be visually
classified and recorded at the site and shall be properly preserved without loss of moisture
content and labeled for future identification.
6.3 Sampling
6.3.1 General
(a) Sufficient number of soil samples shall be collected for reliable estimation of soil
properties. The samples collected shall be either disturbed or undisturbed. Disturbed soil
samples shall be collected for field identification and conducting tests such as sieve
analysis, index properties, specific gravity, chemical analysis, etc. Undisturbed samples
shall be collected to estimate the physical, strength and settlement properties of the soil.
(b) All the accessories required for sampling and the method of sampling shall conform to
ASTM D1586/ D1587 or IS:2132. All the disturbed and undisturbed samples collected in
the field shall be classified at the site as per ASTM 2487 or IS:1498.
(c) All the samples shall be identified with date, borehole or trial pit number, depth of
sampling etc. It is also essential to mark an arrow pointing towards the top surface of the
sample as the soil was in-situ. Care shall be taken to keep the core samples and box
samples vertically with the arrow directing upwards. The tube samples shall be properly
rimmed at one ends and suitably capped and sealed with molten paraffin wax.
(d) When the collection of undisturbed soil sample at a specified depth is not possible, the
reason for the same shall be indicated in the bore log. In such a case, undisturbed
sampling may be replaced by Standard Penetration Test for cohesionless soil or by field
Vane Shear Test for very soft to soft cohesive soil.
(e) Precaution shall be taken to ensure that there shall not be any change in moisture content
and disturbance of the soil samples and they shall be placed in a temporary store at the
end of the day's work. The BIDDER shall be responsible for packing and transporting of
all the samples from site to the laboratory within seven days after sampling with proper
protection against loss and damage.
6.3.2 Disturbed Sample

Disturbed soil samples shall be collected in boreholes at regular intervals to provide a
complete description of soil profile and its variation. Jar samples weighing approximately 10
N shall be collected in boreholes at 0.5 m intervals starting from a depth of 0.5 m below
ground level and at every identifiable change of strata to supplement the boring records.
Samples shall be immediately stored in air tight jars and shall fill the jar as far as possible.
In elevated areas, if superficial material is available in plenty, then bulk samples from a depth
of about 0.5 m below ground level shall be collected to establish all the required properties to
use it as a fill material. Disturbed samples weighing about 250 N shall be collected at shallow
depths and immediately stored in polythene bags as per ASTM D4220 or IS:1892. The bags
shall be sealed properly to avoid any change in moisture content and they shall be kept in
Page 11 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
wooden boxes.
6.3.3 Undisturbed Sample
In each borehole undisturbed sample shall be collected at every change of strata and depths of
1.0m, 4.0m, 7.0m, 10.0m, 13.0m, 15.5m and later at regular intervals of 3.0 m and as directed
by the ENGINEER. The depth interval between the top levels of undisturbed sampling and
standard penetration test shall not be less than 1.0 m. Samples shall be of 100 mm dia and
450 mm length. Samples shall be collected in such a manner that the structure of the soil and
its moisture content do not get altered. The specifications for the accessories required for
sampling and the sampling procedure shall conform to ASTM D1586/ D1587 or IS:1892 and
IS:2132. Thin walled sampler shall be used to collect undisturbed samples by pushing the
tube into the soil. The sampling tube shall have a smooth finish on both surfaces and
minimum effective length of 450 mm. The area ratio of sampling tubes shall be less than
12.5%. However, in case of every stiff soils, area ratio upto 20% shall be permitted.
(a) Undisturbed sampling in cohesive soil
Undisturbed samples in soft to stiff cohesive soils shall be obtained using a thin walled
sampler. In order to reduce the wall friction, suitable precautions such as oiling the
surfaces shall be taken. The borehole shall be cleaned and the depth of sampling below
the ground level shall be noted. The sampler of sampling below the ground level shall be
noted. The sampler shall then be attached to the bottom of the boring rods and lowered
into the borehole. The sampler shall be pushed into the clay layer by hand or by jacking
and soil sample of specified length shall be collected without disturbing the soil. The
distance by which the sampler penetrates into the soil strata shall be checked, care being
taken to ensure that the sampler is not driven too far as this will compress the soil. The
sampler shall be rotated to break the core at the bottom of the sampler and then steadily
drawn up.
(b) Undisturbed sampling in Cohesionless Soils
Undisturbed samples in cohesionless soils shall be obtained as per the procedure given in
IS:8763. Compressed air sampler shall be used to take samples of cohesionless soils
below water table. Precautions shall be taken to clean the borehole before sampling. Thin
walled tube samplers of 60 mm internal diameter shall be used. The height and other
dimensions of the sampler shall be recorded before use. Proper care shall be taken to
maintain the water level slightly above the ground water table before and during sampling
operations. Immediately after the sample is obtained, the ends of the sample shall be
waxed and capped to avoid moisture content changes.
6.3.4 Relaxation During Sampling

The sampler should be pushed into the soil and driving of sampler should be resorted to only
when it cannot be pushed into the soil. This shall be done only with the permission of the
ENGINEER and all the details about the same shall be recorded in the bore logs.
In clays when N Value is above 50, undisturbed samples may be replaced by standard
penetration test and/or triple tube core sampling.
6.4 Ground Water
Page 12 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
6.4.1 One of the following methods shall be adopted for determining the ground water table in
boreholes as per the instructions of the ENGINEER :
(a) In permeable soils, the water level in the borehole shall be allowed to stabilize after
depressing it adequately by bailing. When the water level inside the borehole is found to
be stable, the depth of water level below ground level shall be measured. Stability of sides
and bottom of the borehole shall be ensured at all times.
(b) For both permeable and impermeable soils, the following method shall be suitable. The
borehole shall be filled with water and then bailed out to various depths. Observations on
the rise or fall of water level shall be made at each depth. The level at which neither a fall
nor a rise is observed shall be considered as the water table elevation. This shall be
considered as the water table elevation. This shall be established by three successive
readings of water level taken at an interval of two hours.
6.4.2 In case any variation in the ground water level is observed in any specific boreholes, then the
water level in these boreholes shall be recorded daily during the course of the field
investigation. Levels in nearby wells, streams, etc., if any, shall also be noted whenever these
readings are taken.
6.4.3 Ground Water Monitoring Well (Piezometer) shall be installed for the purpose of long term
studies of the fluctuation in ground water levels and pressure. Well installation procedure
given below shall be followed.
(a) Construction detail of ground water monitoring well is shown in Exhibit-1. Drill a
minimum 150mm diameter hole to a depth of 40m. Temporary steel casing shall be
used to maintain an open hole. Bentonite slurry or any other additives shall not be
used for drilling.
(b) The well screen, bottom plug and riser pipe shall be as per the Exhibit-1. The
temporary steel casing shall be withdrawn in 0.5-1.0m increments until the bottom of
the casing is not more than 0.50m above the top of the primary filter pack. The well
screen shall be machine slotted. The well screen shall be 50mm internal diameter.
Protective well casing pipe shall be steel pipe with minimum 6-inch internal diameter.
(c) A bentonite pellet seal shall be place above the secondary filter pack to prevent the
movement of cement-bentonite grout into the filter pack. The bentonite seal shall be
installed using a tremie pipe lowered to the top of the secondary filter pack and then
raised as bentonite pellets fill the annular space.
(d) The grout shall be injected under pressure to reduce the chance of leaving voids in the
grout, and to displace any liquids and drill cuttings that remain in the annulus. The
grout shall be liquid slurry consisting of a bentonite base, Portland cement and water.
(e) Protective casing shall be installed to the dimensions shown in Exhibit-1. The casing
shall be sealed and immobilized in concrete placed outside of the casing above the
grout backfill as shown in Exhibit-1.
(f) For surface installation, install a 6-inch thick concrete apron as shown on Exhibit 1.
The apron sloped to drain water away from the well.
(g) Well Development: The wells shall be developed to remove finer material from the
well screens and filter pack. Development shall not be commenced until the well is
completely installed.
Page 13 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
(h) Well Recovery Test: A well recovery test shall be performed on each well
immediately after and in conjunction with well development. Readings shall be taken
at the intervals listed below until the well has recovered to 90% of its static water
level.
Time Since Starting Test Recording Time Interval
0 to 15 min 1 min.
15 to 50 min 5 min.
50 to 100 min 10 min.
100 to 300 (5hours) 30 min.
300 to 1440 (24hours) 60 min.
(i) The vertical and horizontal position of the well shall be surveyed and the location of
the well noted on the well installation diagram. Plant coordinates shall be used. The
top elevation of the riser pipe shall be surveyed with this properly noted in the survey
report.
6.4.4 Subsoil Water Samples
(a) Subsoil water samples shall be collected for carrying out chemical analysis thereon.
Representative samples of ground water shall be collected when it is first encountered in
boreholes before the addition of water to aid boring or drilling. Water samples shall not
be collected when Bentonite slurry or mud has been used for drilling operation. If water
has been added for drilling purposes or if ground water has been diluted by surface rain
water, then the borehole shall be dewatered and water allowed to rise from which the
sample may be taken.
(b) The sampling apparatus shall be such that the water at the desired depth can be collected
directly without any disturbance and any change in the concentration of the constituents
like dissolved gases, etc. Undue agitation shall be avoided. An ordinary suction pump
with the suction end inserted upto the required depth in the borehole shall be used for this
purpose.
(c) The sample shall be collected in a clean vessel and allowed to settle so that the
supernatant liquid can be poured into a clean, well rinsed glass or polythene bottle.
Sufficient quantity and number of samples shall be collected to carry out the chemical
analysis and sent to a laboratory in airtight bottles with proper labeling. Chemical analysis
of water samples shall include determination of pH value, turbidity, sulphate, carbonate,
nitrate and chloride contents, presence of organic matter and suspended solids.
(d) In some cases constituents may be mixed and analysed later as specified in the specific
test methods. Chemical preservatives may be added to the sample for cases as specified in
the test method ASTM D 5903 or relevant standards. This shall only be done if analysis
cannot be conducted within an hour of collection and shall have the prior written
permission and approval of the ENGINEER.
6.5 Trial Pit

6.5.1 Trial pit shall be of minimum 2m x 2m size at the bottom and 3m x 3m at the top so as to
Page 14 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
permit easy access for visual examination of walls of the pit and to facilitate sampling and in-
situ testing operations. Pits shall be upto 4 m deep or as per the directions of the ENGINEER.
Precautions shall be taken to ensure the stability of pit walls including provision of shoring, if
necessary. Precautions shall be taken to prevent surface water draining into the pit.
Arrangements shall be made for dewatering if the pit is extended below water table. Trial pits
shall be kept dry and a ladder shall be provided for easy access to the bottom of the pit. In-
situ tests shall be conducted and undisturbed samples shall be collected immediately on
reaching the specified depth so as to avoid substantial changes in moisture content of the
subsoil. Arrangements shall be made for barriers, protective measures and lighting necessary
for the period the pits remain open.
6.5.2 A note on the visual examination of soil strata shall be prepared. This should include the
nature, colour, consistency and visual classification of the soil, thickness of soil strata, ground
water table, if any, etc.
6.5.3 Undisturbed samples shall be collected at 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 m depth and at the termination depth in
all pits.
(a) Chunk Samples

In cohesive soils, undisturbed samples of regular shapes shall be collected. The samples
shall be cut and trimmed to a suitable size (0.3 x 0.3 x 0.3m). A square area (0.35 x
0.35m) shall be marked at the centre of the leveled surface at the bottom of the pit.
Without disturbing the soil inside the marked area, the soil around this marking shall be
carefully removed upto a depth of 0.35 m. The four vertical faces of the soil block
protruding at the centre to be trimmed slowly so that its size reduces to 0.3 x 0.3m. Wax
paper cut to suitable size shall be wrapped uniformly covered with two layers of thin
cloth over all the 5 exposed surfaces of the soil block and sealed properly using molten
wax. A firmly constructed wooden box of size 0.35 x 0.35, (internal dimensions) with the
top and bottom open shall be placed around the soil block and held such that its top edge
protrudes just above the surface of the block. The space between the soil block and the
box shall be filled uniformly and tightly with moist saw dust. The top surface shall also
be covered with saw dust before nailing the wooden lid to cover the box firmly taking
care that the soil block is not disturbed. The area of contact between the bottom portion of
the block and the ground shall be reduced slowly by removing soil in small quantities
using small rods, so that the block can be separated from the ground slowly without
disturbance. After inverting the wooden box along with the soil block, the bottom portion
shall be trimmed and covered with wax paper, cloth and sealed with molten wax. A
wooden lid shall be nailed to the box after providing proper saw dust cushion below it.
An arrow mark shall be made on the vertical face of the wooden box to indicate the top
surface along with the coordinates and depth of sampling.
(b) Tube Samples
Undisturbed tube samples may also be obtained by means of a 100 mm diameter
sampling tube with a cutting edge. The sampler shall be slightly oiled or greased inside
and outside to reduce friction. The sampler shall be pushed into the soil and while doing
so, soil around the tube shall be carefully removed. In case it is not possible to push the
sample, it may be driven by light blows from a "monkey".
Page 15 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
6.5.4 After the completion of the test, sampling and visual examination, the pit shall be suitably
backfilled as directed by the ENGINEER. Unless otherwise specified, excavated soil shall be
used for this purpose.
6.5.5 In each trial pit the soil in-situ density shall be determined by the sand replacement method at
every 1m interval. The specifications, equipments, accessories required for the test and test
procedure shall be as per ASTM D4914 or IS: 2720, Part- XXVIII. No separate payment
shall be made for this test.
Final Borelog shall be prepared as per the details given in Section 8.1 (b) of this specification.
6.6 Static Cone Penetration Test

Static Cone Penetration Test shall be conducted to know the soil stratification and to estimate
the various soil properties such as density, undrained shear strength, etc. The cone
penetrometer shall be advanced by pushing and the static force required for unit penetration
shall be determined. The test shall be conducted upto the specified depth or refusal whichever
is earlier. For this test, 'refusal' means meeting a very hard strata which cannot be penetrated
at the rate of at least 0.3 cm/sec even when the equipment is loaded to its full capacity. The
specifications for the equipment and accessories required for performing the test, test
procedure, field observations and reporting of results shall conform to ASTM D5778 or
IS:4968, Part-III. Only mechanically operated 200 KN capacity equipment shall be used. At
the ground level, preboring upto 0.5 m depth shall be permitted if the overlaying stratum is
hard. No extra payment shall be made for boring. Continuous record of the penetration
resistance shall be maintained. On completion of the test, the results shall be reported in an
approved proforma.
6.7 In – situ Permeability Test

6.7.1 In-situ permeability test shall be conducted to determine the water percolation capacity of
overburden soil. This test shall be performed inside the bore hole/trial pit at specified depths
or in each layer or as per the directions of the ENGINEER. The type of test shall be either
pump-in or pump-out test depending on the subsoil and ground water conditions. Pump-in
test shall be conducted whether ground water in the bore hole exists or not. Pump-out test
shall be conducted to obtain data for dewatering purposes when ground water is met in the
bore hole. The specifications for the equipment required for the test and the procedure of
testing shall be in accordance with approved standard methods. When it is required to carry
out the permeability test for a particular section of the soil strata above the ground water
table, Bentonite slurry shall not be used while boring.
6.7.2 Pump-in Test
Pump-in test shall be conducted in the bore hole/trial pit by allowing water to percolate into
the soil. Choice of the method of testing shall depend on the soil permeability and prevailing
ground water level. Only clear water shall be used for conducting the test. Before conducting
the test, the bore hole shall be cleaned using suitable tools up to the depth of testing or
sampling , ensuring that there is minimum disturbance of the soil at the bottom of the bore
hole. Water shall be allowed to percolate through the test section for sufficient period of time
to saturate the soil before starting the observation.
Page 16 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
(a) Constant Head Method (in bore hole)

This test shall be conducted in bore holes where soils have high permeability. Water shall
be allowed into the bore hole through a metering system ensuring gravity flow at constant
head so as to maintain a steady water level in the bore hole. A reference mark shall be
made at a convenient level which can be easily seen in the casing pipe to note down the
fluctuations of water level. The fluctuations shall be counteracted by varying the quantity
of water flowing into the bore hole. The elevation of water shall be observed at regular
interval. When three consecutive readings show constant value, the necessary
observations such as flow rate, elevation of water surface above test depth, diameter of
casing pipe, etc., shall be made and recorded.
(b) Falling Head Method (in bore hole)
This method shall be adopted for soils of low permeability and which can stand without
casing. The test section shall be sealed by the bottom of the bore hole and a packer at the
top of test section. If the test has to be conducted at an intermediate section of pre-bored
hole, then double packers shall be used. Access to the test section through the packer shall
be by means of a pipe which shall extend to above the ground level. Water shall be filled
into the pipe upto the level marked just below the top of the pipe and water allowed to
drain into the test section. The water level in the pipe shall be recorded at regular
intervals. The test shall be repeated till constant records of water level are achieved.
6.7.3 Pump-Out Test

This test shall be adopted to determine accurate values of permeability of soil below water
table. This test shall be conducted by continuous pumping out water from a well so as to
maintain a steady water level at a desired depth in the well. The fluctuations in the water level
shall be counteracted by varying the quantity of water pumped out of the well. The test shall
be carried out by pumping out the water to a known depth and recording the water levels in
the observation pipes at regular intervals of time till the water level is stabilized.
6.8 Vane Shear Test

Testing shall be carried out as per ASTM D-2573 or IS:4434. The specification for the
equipments and accessories required for conducting the test, the test procedure and field-
observations shall correspond to ASTM D-2573. Tests may also be conducted by direct
penetration from ground surface. If the cuttings at the test depth in the borehole show any
presence of gravel, sand, shells, decomposed wood, etc., which is likely to influence the test
results substantially, the test at that particular depth may be omitted with the permission of
the ENGINEER. However, the test shall be conducted at a depth where these obstructions
cease to occur. On completion of the test the results shall be reported in an approved
proforma as specified in ASTM D-2573.
6.9 Plate Load Test

6.9.1 The location and depth of the test shall be as given in the drawing or as indicated by the
ENGINEER. The specification for the equipment and accessories required for conducting the
test, the test procedure, field observations and reporting of results shall conform to ASTM
Page 17 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
D1195 or IS: 1888. Undisturbed tube samples as specified in clause 5.5.3 (b) shall be
collected at 1.0 m and 2.5 m depths from the natural ground level for carrying out laboratory
tests.
6.9.2 The size of the pit shall not be less than five times the plate size and shall be taken upto the
specified depth. All provisions regarding excavation and visual examination of pit under
clause 6.5.1 and 6.5.2 shall apply here also.
6.9.3 If the ground water table is at a depth higher than the specified test depth, the ground water
table shall be lowered and maintained at the test depth for the entire duration of the test.
Dewatering shall be at the BIDDER's cost.
6.9.4 Unless otherwise specified the reaction method of loading shall be adopted. Settlement shall
be recorded from dial gauges placed at four diametrically opposite ends of the test plate. The
test plate shall be 600 x 600 mm size and atleast 25 mm thick. The bottom of the pit shall be
levelled before placing the plate in position for conducting the test.
6.9.5 A seating load of 70 gm/sq.cm shall be applied and after the dial gauge readings are
stabilized, the load shall be released and the initial readings of the dial gauges recorded after
they indicate constant reading. The load shall be increased in stages. These stages shall be 20,
40, 70, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 800KN per sq.m or as directed by the
ENGINEER. Under each loading stage, record of Time vs Settlement shall be kept as
specified. The load shall be maintained for a minimum duration of one hour or till the
settlement rate reduces to 0.02 mm/min whichever is late. No extrapolation of settlement rate
from periods less than one hour shall be permitted.
6.9.6 Loading shall be carried out in stages as specified above till one of the following conditions
occurs:
(a) Failure of the soil under the plate i.e. the settlement of the plate at constant load becomes
progressive and reaches a value of 40 mm or more.
(b) Load intensity of 800 KN/sq.m is reached without failure of the soil.
6.9.7 Backfilling of the pit shall be carried out as per the directions of the ENGINEER. Unless
otherwise specified, the excavated soil shall be used for this purpose. The quoted rates shall
include backfilling and dewatering also.
6.9.8 Dial gauge readings for settlement shall generally be taken at 1, 2.25, 4, 6.25, 9, 16, 25, 60,
90 and 120 minutes from the commencement of each stage of loading. Thereafter the
readings shall be taken at hourly intervals upto a further 4 hours and at two hours intervals
thereafter for another 6 hours.
6.10 Electrical Resistivity Test

This test shall be conducted to determine the Electrical resistivity of soil required for
designing safety grounding system for the entire power plant area. The specifications for the
equipment and other accessories required for performing electrical resistivity test, the test
procedure, and reporting of field observations shall conform to test procedure, and reporting
of field observations shall conform to IEEE 81. The test shall be conducted using Wenner's
four electrode method as specified in IEEE 81/ ASTM 6431 or IS:1892(Appendix-B2).
Page 18 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Unless otherwise specified, at each test location, the test shall be conducted along two
perpendicular lines parallel to the coordinate axes. On each line, measurement shall be taken
at electrode spacings of 0.50m, 1.0m, 2.0m, 4.0m, 8.0m, 10.0m, 15.0m & 20m.
6.13 Field California Bearing Ratio (FCBR) Test

This test shall be carried out to obtain the properties of soil required for design of roads. The
equipments and accessories required for carrying out the test, test procedure, recording of
observations and presentation of results shall conform to ASTM D-1883. The test location
and depth shall be as specified in the drawings or as directed by the Engineer–in–charge. In
case the top soil is not suitable for road construction, BIDDER shall inform to ENGINEER
and advise suitable depth at which the test can be performed.
6.14 Seismic Refraction Test

6.14.1 The test shall be carried out as per ASTM D-5777.
6.14.2 This test shall be carried out by including shock waves into the soil by striking a plate placed
on the ground surface with a hammer. The shock waves shall be picked up through multiple
geophones placed on the ground surface at regular intervals in line with the plate along a
straight line. The time elapsed before the waves reach the geophones shall be recorded to an
accuracy of one millisecond or better.
6.14.3 The distance between the shock point and the geophones shall be increased to cover a wider
area. Alternatively, multiple geophones shall be used simultaneously using multiple channels
seismograph to record the arrival time and intensity of waves reaching the geophones. The
spacing of geophones shall be 2.0m. As the distance between geophones and the shock
producing point are increased, the time lapse for the waves passing through different
underlying strata and reaching the geophone shall be recovered. The wave forms shall be
recorded for each test using multiple channel seismograph.
6.14.4 During testing, proper care shall be taken to avoid disturbance caused due to the movement of
vehicles or other working operations around the test location. The type of wave (compression
or shear) shall be analyzed properly using the data recorded during the test.
6.15 Seismic Down Hole Test

6.15.1 The seismic down hole test shall be carried out as per ASTM D7400 or IS 13372 Part 1 and
state-of-the-art instruments/apparatus. The entire work shall be done by skilled technicians
having experience in this test. BIDDER shall provide necessary documents showing the
experience for this test.
6.15.2 The use and placement of apparatus for this test like seismic source, seismic receiver
including data acquisition system shall be as per ASTM D7400 or IS 13372 part 1. The bore
hole location and depth of bore hole shall be as specified elsewhere in this specification and
test location drawing.
6.15.3 The interval distance of measurement corresponds to the relocation interval of the receiver, or
the geophone spacing of a multiple receiver system in the hole. In view of the required
Page 19 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
accuracy and efficiency of velocity measurement, the interval distance shall be limited to
1.0m.
6.15.4 The BIDDER shall provide complete set of test data, logs/graphs of readings and provide
necessary calculation and provide interpretation of test data and furnish required
recommendations. Other reporting requirement is defined in subsequent sections of this
specification.
6.16 Seismic Cross Hole Shear Test
This test shall be generally carried out in accordance with ASTM D-4428 to establish the
dynamic elastic properties of soil and rock. During drilling of borehole, shot hole should be
logged and samples to be collected at regular interval for laboratory testing. Borelog for the
same to be submitted along with cross hole seismic test results.
In this test, the seismic waves are to be picked up in two adjacent receiver boreholes. The
spacing of boreholes shall be determined so as to obtain good results. The boreholes shall be
uncased in the portion carrying the geophones. However, it should be kept filled with water
or drilling mud in order to ensure perfect contact between the borehole wall and the
geophone. In case of cased hole preferably a low velocity material such as a high impact PVC
should be used for casing and it is essential that it should be well grouted behind in order to
make an intimate contact with the soil.
The charge shall be installed within the depth as specified and the waves shall be picked up
from the geophones installed at required depths in receiver boreholes. Knowing the travel
time from shot hole to receiver hole and corresponding distance, the velocity of the waves is
determined which enables to estimate dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s
ratio. In each receiver borehole multiple geophones shall be provided at 2m interval (with
starting depth as 1m below ground level) to cover the depth and various strata as specified.
Intensity of the waves shall be recorded by multiple channel seismograph.
6.17 Thermal Conductivity Test

Testing should be performed as per ASTM D-5334 “Standard Test Method for
Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Soil and Soft Rock by Thermal Needle Probe
Procedure”. The thermal conductivity is determined by a variation of the line source test
method using a needle probe having a large length to diameter ratio to simulate conditions for
an infinitely long, infinitely thin heating source. The probe consists of a heating element and
a temperature measuring element and is inserted into the specimen. A known current and
voltage are applied to the probe and the temperature rise with time is recorded over a period
of time. The thermal conductivity is obtained from an analysis of the time series temperature
data during the heating cycle and cooling cycle if applicable. This test can be performed on
both field and laboratory (on remolded soil sample).
Page 20 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
6.18 Dynamic Cone Penetration Test

The testing shall be performed as per IS:4968 Part-I. In case depth of investigation is more
than 10m, bentonite slurry shall be used for driving as specified in IS:4968 Part-II. By this
method, a 50mm diameter 60-degree cone fitted with the driving rod driven in to the soil by
allowing the 65kg hammer to fall freely through a height of 750mm each time. The number
of blows for every 100mm penetration of the cone shall be recorded. The process shall be
repeated till the cone is driven to the required depth. Refusal shall be considered when the
blow count exceeds 150 for 300mm penetration. The number of blows (Ncd) as a continuous
record for every 300mm of penetration shall be shown in a tabular statement and shown as a
graph between Ncd and the depth.
6.19 Pressuremeter Test
6.19.1 This test shall be performed as per ASTM D4719. Pressuremeter test is an in-situ stress-strain
test performed on the wall of a borehole using a cylindrical probe that is expanded radially. It
is of basic importance that the probe be inserted in a borehole with a diameter close to that of
the probe to ensure adequate volume change capability. Pressuremeter modulus and a limit
pressure are obtained.
6.19.2 The equipment should able to reach a maximum pressure of 5000 kPa for testing in soil and
8000 kPa for testing in rock. The accuracy of measuring device shall be such that a change of
0.2% of static probe volume or 0.1% of probe radius is measurable. Maximum value of
pressure correction shall not be more than 50% of limit pressure. The total volume loses in
the system shall not exceed 0.5% of the static probe volume per 100 kPa. Volume correction
may be neglected in soil if it is less than 0.1% of probe volume per 100 kPa.
6.19.3 The test shall be performed till one of the following condition occurs:
a. The volume of the probe is doubled
b. Ultimate failure of rock
c. Load intensity of 8000 kN/sq.m is reached without failure.
6.20 Underground Cavity Risk Assessment Study

An assessment of relative risk for underground cavities within the study area shall include, as
a minimum, the following:
- Site-specific geologic formations, thicknesses and depths
- Structural geologic features, such as fracture orientations and frequency
- Groundwater depths and flow patterns, both historical and present
- Aerial photography showing collapse features
- A map of relative risk for study area
7.0 LABORATORY TESTING

7.1 Essential Requirements
(a) A schedule of laboratory tests shall be prepared by the BIDDER and the same shall be
submitted and get approved by the ENGINEER before starting laboratory tests.
(b) Depending on the type of substrata encountered, appropriate laboratory tests shall be
Page 21 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
conducted on soil and rock samples collected in the field. Laboratory tests shall be scheduled
and performed by qualified and experienced personnel who are thoroughly conversant with
the work. Tests shall be performed on soil, water and rock samples as per relevant IS codes
indicated in clause 4.0. One copy of all laboratory test data records shall be submitted to the
OWNER progressively every week. Laboratory tests shall be carried out concurrently with
field investigations since initial laboratory test results could be useful in planning the later
stages of field work.
(c) Laboratory tests shall be conducted using approved apparatus complying with the
requirements and specifications of Indian Standards or other approved standards for this class
of work. It shall be checked that the apparatus is in good working condition before starting
the laboratory tests. Calibration of all the instruments and their accessories shall be done
carefully and precisely. The test shall be conducted at an approved laboratory.
(d) All samples including undisturbed ones shall be extracted, prepared and examined by
competent personnel properly trained and experienced in soil sampling, examination, testing
and in using the apparatus as per the specified standards.
(e) Undisturbed soil samples retained in liners or seamless tube samples shall be taken out
without causing any disturbance to the samples using suitably designed extruders just prior to
actual testing. If extruder is horizontal, proper support shall be provided to prevent the
samples from breaking. For screw type extruders, the pushing head shall be free from the
screw shaft so that no torque is applied to the soil sample. The sample tube shall be cut by
means of a high speed hacksaw to proper test length and placed over the mould before
pushing the sample into it with a suitable piston.
(f) While extracting a sample from the liner or tube, care shall be taken to see that its direction of
movement is the same as that during sampling to avoid stress reversal.
(e) Summary of all laboratory test results shall be prepared as per the proforma given in
Annexure-I covering all laboratory test results summary in one page.
7.2 Tests
Tests as indicated in this specification and as called for by the ENGINEER shall be
conducted. These tests shall include but not be limited to the following:
(c) Tests on Disturbed, Bulk and Undisturbed Samples
(i) Visual and Engineering Classification
(ii) Sieve Analysis and Hydrometer Analysis
(iii) Liquid, Plastic, and Shrinkage limits
(iv) Specific Gravity
(v) Chemical Analysis
(vi) Swell Pressure and Free Swell index determination
(vii) Proctor Compaction test (Modified / Heavy Compaction Proctor test) & CBR
(soaked) Test
(d) Tests on Undisturbed Samples
(i) Bulk Density and Moisture Content
(ii) Relative Density (for sand)
Page 22 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
(iii) Unconfined Compression Test

(iv) Box Shear Test (in case of sand)
(v) Triaxial Shear Test (depending on the type of soil and field conditions on
undisturbed or remoulded samples)
- Unconsolidated Undrained
- Consolidated undrained test with measurement of pore water pressure
- Consolidated drained
(vi) One dimensional Consolidation Test
(vii) Rock Crushing Strength Test
(viii) Point load index Test
(e) Chemical Analysis of Subsoil and Ground Water samples
The summary of laboratory test results shall be presented as per the format given in
Annexure-I.
7.3 Salient Test Requirements
a) Remoulded soil specimen, whenever desired, shall be fully reworked at field density
and moisture content. For conducting CBR test and triaxial test for dyke/road material
the sample shall be remoulded to 95% of Modified Proctor Density.
b) Tri-axial shear test shall be conducted on undisturbed soil samples, saturated by the
application of back pressure. Only if the water table is at sufficient depth so that
chances of its rising to the base of the footing are nil, the triaxial tests shall be
performed on specimens at natural moisture content. Each test shall be carried out on
a set of three test specimens from one sample at cell pressure equal to 100, 200 and
300 KN/sq.m. or as required depending on the soil conditions.
c) Effective stress tri-axial shear test could be either consolidated, drained or
consolidated undrained with pore water pressure measurement. The test shall be
conducted at cell pressure of 100, 200 and 300 KN/sq.m. increased in stages of 50
KN/Sq.m ensuring complete consolidation at each stage.
d) Direct shear test shall be conducted on undisturbed samples. The three normal vertical
stresses for each test shall be 100, 200, 300 kN/Sq.m or as required as per the soil
conditions.
e) Consolidation test shall have loading stages of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 200, 400 and 800
KN/Sq.m. Rebound curve shall be recorded for all the samples by unloading the
specimen at the in-situ stress of the specimen. Additional rebound curves shall also be
recorded whenever desired by the ENGINEER.
f) Chemical analysis of sub-soil shall include determination of pH value, carbonate,
sulphate (both SO3 and SO4), chloride and nitrate contents; organic matter, salinity
and any other chemical harmful to the foundation material. The contents in soil shall
be indicated as percentage (%).
g) Chemical analysis of sub-soil water sample include the determination of the
properties such as colour, odour, turbidity, pH value and specific conductivity both at
25 deg. C and chemical contents such as Carbonates, Sulphates (both SO3, and SO4),
Chlorides, Nitrates, Organic matter and any other chemical harmful to the foundation
Page 23 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
material. The contents such as Sulphates, etc shall be indicated as ppm by weight.
h) The laboratory CBR test shall be performed on remoulded samples in soaked
condition.
8.0 REPORT
8.1 General
(a) On completion of all the field and laboratory work, the BIDDER shall submit a detailed
engineering report as per the format detailed in Annexure-II covering all the
technical information. The report shall be prepared as per the list in order. The report
shall include detailed bore logs, subsoil sections, field test results, laboratory observations
and test results both in tabular as well as graphical form, practical and theoretical
considerations for the interpretation of test results, the supporting calculations for the
conclusions drawn, etc. Initially, the BIDDER shall submit three copies of the report in
draft form for the OWNER's review.
(b) Borelog shall include minimum of the following information;
- Borelog Number, Location Coordinate & Ground Surface Elevation
- Sampling details (SPT/UDS/DS/Coring, Sample ID, depth of sampling etc)
- Percentage of sample recovery in UDS/SPT samples (including sample slippage details)
- SPT blows for every 150mm penetration, SPT N-value,
- Rock Core Recovery and Rock Quality Designation for each core run,
- Percentage of Water loss and depth
- Casing driven details
- Ground Water Record (including measured date & time)
- Subsoil Description
- Soil Classification as per IS / ASTM standards
- Each layer thickness and corresponding Reduced level
- Other relevant information
(c) The BIDDER’s qualified Geotechnical engineer shall visit the OWNER’s engineering
office for a detailed discussion based on the OWNER’s comments on draft report
submitted by BIDDER. During the discussions, it shall be decided as to the modifications
that need to be done in the draft report. Thereafter the BIDDER shall incorporate the
agreed modifications and after getting the amended draft report approved, ten copies of
the detailed final report (hard copy) and one electronic copy (one consolidated report in
text searchable PDF format & native files such .doc, .xls etc) shall be submitted along
with one set of reproducible of the graphs, tables etc.
(d) The detailed final report based on field observations, in-situ and laboratory tests shall
encompass theoretical as well as practical considerations for foundations for different
type of structures envisaged in the area under investigation. The BIDDER shall acquaint
himself about the type of structures, foundation loads and other information required from
the ENGINEER.
Page 24 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
8.2 Data to be furnished

The report shall also include but not be limited to the following:
a) A plot plan showing the locations and reduced levels of all field tests e.g. boreholes,
trial pits, static cone penetration tests, plate load tests, CBR tests, etc., properly drawn
to scale and dimensioned with reference to the established grid lines.
b) Geological information of the area such as geomorphology, geological structure,
lithology, startigraphy and tectonic faults, seismicity of the region and site and core
recovery, etc.
c) Past observations and historical data, if available, for the area or for other areas with
similar soil profile for similar structure in the surrounding areas.
d) The cross-section of all individual boreholes and trial pits with reduced levels and co-
ordinates showing the classification and thickness of individual stratum, position of
ground water table, various in-situ tests conducted and samples collected at different
depths and the rock stratum, if met with.
e) A set of longitudinal and transverse soil/rock profiles vertical scale 1:200, horizontal
scale 1:2000 connecting various boreholes in order to give a clear picture of the
variation of the subsoil strata.
f) Water level contours and rock level contours.
g) Plot of Standard Penetration Test (N values both uncorrected and corrected) with
depth for identified areas.
h) Results of all laboratory tests shall be summarized for each bore hole and a
consolidated table giving the layer-wise soil and rock properties shall be furnished.
All the relevant charts, tables, graphs, figures, supporting calculations, conclusions
and photographs of representative rock cores and trial pits shall be furnished.
i) For all triaxial shear tests, stress vs strain diagrams as well as Mohr’s circle envelopes
shall be furnished. If backpressure is applied for saturation, the magnitude of the same
shall be indicated. The value of modulus of elasticity, E shall be furnished for all tests
along with relevant calculations.
j) For all consolidation tests, the following curves shall be furnished:
(i) e vs log p
(ii) e vs p
(iii)Compression vs log t or
(iv) Compression vs square root of ‘t’ (depending upon the shape of the plot for
proper determination of co-efficient of consolidation).
(v) The point showing the initial condition (i.e. Po) of the soil shall be marked on
the curves.
(k) The procedure adopted for calculating the compression index from the field curve and
settlement of soil strata shall be clearly specified. The time required for 50% and 90%
primary consolidation along with secondary settlements, if significant, shall also be
calculated.
(l) For pressure meter tests, the following curves shall be furnished:
(i) Field pressure meter, creep and air calibration curves indicating Po, Pf and P1.
Page 25 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
(ii) Corrected pressuremeter and creep curves indicating Po, Pf and P1 along with
calculation for the corrections.
(m) From the pressure-meter test results, the value of Cohesion, Angle of Internal
Friction, Pressuremeter Modulus, shear Modulus and Coefficient of Subgrade
Reaction shall be furnished along with sample calculation. Calculation for allowable
bearing pressures and corresponding total settlements for shallow foundations
mentioned in clause 7.3 (b) and capacity calculation of piles in various modes shall
also be included.
(n) For seismic down hole/ cross hole shear test, following data needs to be furnished.
(i) The borehole location and length, diameter, direction and inclination, also the
location and details of any casting and cement.
(ii) Drawings showing the position of all seismic source and receivers and co-
ordinates for all points.
(iii) A description and specifications of the methods of measurement and equipment
including for frequency characteristics of each apparatus used. Reference may be
made to this method, stating only any departures from these procedures, and the
reasons from these.
(iv) Waveforms at each depth, and time distance curves.
(v) Drilling log and velocity distribution.
(vi) A tabulation of computed dynamic elastic modulus values.
(vii) A description of any equations used in addition to those given in the suggested
method, together with a statement of any assumptions used in the analysis.
(viii) A geotechnical interpretation of the results of measurement, considering the
geological conditions in the test area.
(o) In case of rock strata, following data needs to be furnished
(i) Core recovery and rock quality designation for each run
(ii) Crushing strength, specific gravity, unit weight, water absorption test on Nx size
rock specimens.
8.3 Recommendations
Recommendations shall be given area wise duly considering the type of soil, structure and
foundation in the area. The recommendations shall include but not be limited to the
following:
a) Type of foundations to be adopted for various structures, duly considering the sub soil
characteristics, water table, total settlements permissible for structures and equipment.
Minimum depth and width of foundation shall also be recommended. The provision in
relevant IS Codes indicated in clause 4.0 shall be considered.
b) For shallow foundations, the following shall be indicated with comprehensive
supporting calculations:
(i) Net Safe Allowable Bearing Pressure for Isolated square/rectangular footings and
continuous strip footings of widths as 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0m and at different founding
depths (e.g. 2.0, 3.0 m below natural ground level) considering both shear failure
Page 26 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
and settlement criteria, giving reasons for type of shear failure adopted in the
calculation. The magnitude for Net safe allowable bearing pressures shall be
provided for 25mm, 40mm and 75mm permissible settlements.
(ii) Net Safe Allowable Bearing Pressure for Raft Foundations of widths greater than
6 m at different founding depths (e.g. 2.0, 3.0m below natural ground level)
considering both shear failure and settlement criteria. The magnitude for Net safe
allowable bearing pressures shall be provided for 25mm,40mm and 75mm
permissible settlements.
(iii) Rate and Magnitude of Settlement expected of the structure. Long term
settlement shall also be provided in case of sustained superimposed loads.
(iv) Net Safe Bearing Capacity for foundation sizes mentioned in para (i) above,
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, Modulus of Elasticity from Plate Load Test
results along with time settlement curves and load settlement curve in both natural
and log graph, variation of Modulus of Subgrade Reaction with size, shape and
depth of foundation.
(v) Suitable ground improvement method shall be recommended based on local
available material and technology for very low bearing capacity( < 15 T/ Sqm for
40 mm settlement)
c) If piling is envisaged, the following shall be indicated with comprehensive
supporting calculations:
i) Type of pile and reasons for recommending the same duly considering the
soil characteristics as well as local avilibility of material & technology.
ii) Suitable founding strata for the pile.
iii) Type of pile. Estimated Axial compression (End bearing & Skin Frictional
resistance), Uplift Resistance & Lateral Capacity (for 6mm, 8mm, 10mm &
12mm lateral displacement under free & fixed head condition) of pile for
various diameter of pile (400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 750mm, 900mm &
1000mm) at various termination depth (@ every 2m depth interval up to the
maximum drilled depth of boreholes). End bearing and frictional resistance
shall be indicated separately. For piles of more than 600mm diameter,
settlement analysis also to be carried out.
iv) Magnitude of Negative Skin Friction, if any, to be considered in pile design.
v) Vertical and horizontal static pile stiffness for different pile diameters and
length.
8.4 Additional Recommendations
a) Coefficient of Permeability of various subsoil and rock strata based on in-situ
permeability tests.
b) Cone Resistance, Frictional Resistance, Total Resistance, relation between Cone
Resistance and Standard Penetration Test N value, and Settlement Analysis for
different sizes of foundation as specified earlier based on Static Cone Penetration
Test.
c) Electrical Resistivity of subsoil based on Electrical Resistivity Tests including
electrode spacing vs cumulative resistivity curve.
d) Dynamic soil properties such as: Dynamic Shear Modulus, Poisson's Ratio.
Page 27 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Coefficient of Elastic Uniform Compression, Coefficient of Elastic Non-uniform

Compression, Coefficient of Elastic Uniform Shear and Coefficient of Elastic Non-
Uniform Shear taking into account the effect of water table, as well as the size and
shape of foundations and vertical and horizontal stiffness/damping of the soil-pile
system.
e) Dry, saturated and submerged density of soils for soils up to 9.0m depth below
Finished Grade Level.
f) Suitability of the soil for construction of roads and pavements, their stable slopes for
shallow and deep excavations based on the CBR test results.
g) Recommendations regarding excavation (deep and shallow), embankment, safe side
slopes for excavation and embankment, dewatering, drainage etc.
h) Angle of internal friction and coefficient of earth pressures under active, passive and
at rest conditions and modulus of elasticity as a function of depth for the design of
underground structures. Coefficient of friction between soil and concrete shall also be
provided.
i) Suitability of locally available soils at site for filling and back filling purposes.
Suitability of excavated earth for back filling in building foundations and in trenches,
pits, walls etc.
j) Identification of corrective measures required for the improvement of sub-surface
conditions such as removal of poor sub-soil/material, in-situ densification or
compaction etc.
k) If expansive soil is met with, recommendation on removal or retention of the same
under the structures/roads etc. shall be given. In the later case, detailed specifications
of any special treatment required including specifications for materials to be used,
construction method, equipments to be deployed, etc. shall be furnished. The report
shall include the magnitude of swell pressure, the depth up to which the swelling
potential is expected. Report shall include the precautions to be taken for design of
foundations for lightly loaded structures in expansive soil with respect to swelling
pressure and free swell index values obtained.
l) Protective measures based on chemical nature of soil and ground water with due
regard to potential deleterious effects on concrete, reinforcement, steel and other
building materials etc, remedial measures for Sulphate/chloride attack and acidity,
susceptibility of soil to termite action and remedial measures for the same shall be
dealt in detail.
m) Type of cement to be used for underground concrete works, stone/brick masonry
foundations considering the chemical nature of subsoil and ground water.
n) Susceptibility of sub-soil strata to liquefaction in the event of earthquake. If so,
recommendation for remedial measures. Report shall clearly indicate whether the site
requires any ground improvement or not. If ground improvement is recommended,
then its detailed specification, specification for material to be used, construction
method, equipment to be deployed etc.
o) Any other information of special significance like deep excavations, dewatering
schemes, etc. which may have a bearing on the design and construction.
p) Acceptability of soil strata for assessing possibility of ground water recharging
Page 28 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
through rain water harvesting.

q) Recommendations for additional soil investigation beyond the scope of the present
work if the BIDDER considers such investigation are necessary to evaluate soil
parameters accurately.
r) Identification of any other potential geotechnical problems and their remedial
measures.
s) BIDDER shall recommend if a site specific seismic study is required to obtain seismic
design parameters for buildings and structured.
9.0 RATES AND MEASUREMENTS

9.1 Rates
a) The item of work in the schedule of quantities describes the work very briefly. The
various items of the schedule of the quantities shall be read in conjunction with the
corresponding sections in the technical specification including amendments and additions
if any. For each item in the schedule of quantities, the BIDDER’s rate shall include all the
activities covered in the descriptions of the items as well as for all necessary operations in
details described in the technical specification.
b) No claims shall be entertained if the details shown on the released for construction
drawings differ in any way (e.g. location and depth of tests, number of tests etc) from
those shown on the tender drawings.
c) The unit rate quoted shall include minor details, which are obviously, and fairly intended
and which may not have been included in these documents but are essential for the
satisfactory completion of the work.
d) The BIDDER’s quoted rates shall be inclusive of providing all equipments, men,
materials, skilled and unskilled labors, making observations, establishing the ground level
and coordinates at location of each bore hole, test pit etc by carrying levels from one
established bench mark and distances from one set of grid lines furnished by the engineer-
in-charge. Also no extra payments shall be made for conducting the standard penetration
tests, collection, packing and transportation of all the samples and cores, recording of all
results and submitting then in approved formats etc.
e) The quoted rates for trial pits/plate load test shall be inclusive of dewatering and
backfilling etc.
f) The rates quoted for conducting pump out test shall be inclusive of boring a well of
400mm diameter, providing and installation of perforates GI/MS pipes and observation
pipes etc.
g) The rates quoted for conducting seismic refraction test/ Down Hole / Cross Hole Shear
Test shall be inclusive of necessary arrangements, (e.g. geophones, seismograph etc).
h) The rates quoted for laboratory tests shall include preparation of samples, performing
tests, recording, analysis and submission of data etc.
i) The BIDDER shall submit a scheme showing the arrangement and equipment proposed to
be used for conducting the site along with rates.
j) The quoted rates for drilling in rock, shall satisfy the requirements as given in clause 5.1.1
Page 29 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
(b) and clause 6.1.1.
9.2 Measurements
a) All measurements shall be in SI Units.
b) Length shall be measured in (m) correct to two places of decimals. Areas shall be worked
out in square meters (Sqm) and volume in cubic meters (Cum) rounded off to two
decimals.
c) Certain tests have to be conducted in the bore holes and trail pits etc. Such bore holes and
trial pits etc shall be measured once only and again just because the tests are conducted
therein.
d) The depth of penetration due to SPT at bottom of bore hole shall not be considered for the
measurement of borehole depth.
e) Pits shall be measured in Cum.
Page 30 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
EXHIBIT- I (GROUND WATER MONITORING WELL)
Page 31 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
MONITORING WELL (MW) DIMENSION
Page 32 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
ANNEXURE-I
Borelog format & Summary of Laboratory test results
 BORELOG (details to be incorporated)

 FORMAT FOR SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS (to be prepared in MS
Excel Sheet)
Page 33 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
BORELOG
BORELOG SHALL INCLUDE FOLLOWING INFORMATION (MINIMUM) AND IT SHALL BE

PREPARED EITHER IN MS EXCEL OR ANY OTHER SUITABLE SOFTWARE.
- Borelog Number, Location Coordinate & Ground Surface Elevation

- Sampling details (SPT/UDS/DS/Coring, Sample ID, depth of sampling etc)
- Percentage of sample recovery in UDS/SPT samples (including sample slippage details)
- SPT blows for every 150mm penetration & SPT N-value. In case SPT refusal, number
of blows per cm of penetration shall be clearly stated
- Rock Core Recovery and Rock Quality Designation for each core run,
- Percentage of Water loss and depth
- Casing driven details
- Ground Water Record (including measured date & time)
- Subsoil Description of each stratum/layer
- Soil Classification as per relevant standards
- Each layer thickness and corresponding Reduced level Elevation
- Other relevant information
Page 34 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
FORMAT – SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST
Page 35 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
ANNEXURE-II
Required Geotechnical Services
(The final report of the Geotechnical Contractor shall include information and recommendations on items marked
in the following list)
Page 36 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Annexure-II: Required Geotechnical Services
The final report of the Geotechnical Contractor shall include information and recommendations on items marked
(required items are marked (_x_) on left hand side) in the following list.
1. Introduction
_x__ 1.1 Description of proposed construction, including final grade elevations
_x__ 1.2 Purpose and scope of investigation
_x__ 1.3 Abstract of findings and recommendations
2. Site Conditions
_x__ 2.1 Site local geology, general description

_x__ 2.2 Potential geologic hazards
_x__ 2.3 Site surface description
_x__ 2.4 Site topography (referenced to MSL-mean sea level), general description
_x__ 2.5 Description of above-ground obstructions
3. Subsurface Conditions
_x__ 3.1 Stratigraphy

_x__ 3.2 Subsurface material properties, general description
_x__ 3.3 Groundwater elevations (referenced to MSL-mean sea level) and expected variations
_x__ 3.4 Description of underground obstructions encountered or otherwise identified
4. Field Investigation
_x__ 4.1 Summary of operations

_x__ 4.2 Description of sampling procedures
_x__ 4.3 Description of field tests
Note: All field test results such as borelogs, SCPT/DCPT logs etc to be presented in
Annexure-A of the report.
_x__ Logs of borings, soundings, pits, wells, etc. in accordance with Indian & International
Standards and containing:
 Complete descriptions and thicknesses of all strata, including near-surface
materials such as paving, base course, topsoil, fill, etc.
 Locations referenced to UTM coordinate system
 Ground surface elevations referenced to MSL (mean sea level)
 Standard penetration test values in blows per 15cm increment
Page 37 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
 Results of all field tests

_x__ Location plan, containing as a minimum
 Scale plan with locations of borings, soundings, pits, wells, etc.
 UTM and local plant coordinate systems
_x__ 4.4 A table showing both UTM/MSL data and local plant coordinates and elevations for each
borehole, sounding, pit, etc.
5. Laboratory Tests
_x__ 5.1 Description of tests (with summary of test results in tabular form)
Note: All lab tests results (graphs etc) to be presented in Annexure-B of the report
6. Soil and Groundwater Properties
_x__ 6.1 Unit weight of soil (in kN/m³)

_x__ 6.2 Cohesion (in kN/m²) and angle of internal friction
_x__ 6.3 Consolidation Properties
_x__ 6.4 Crushing strength of rock
_x__ 6.5 Elastic & Constrained Modulus
_x__ 6.6 Coefficient of friction or adhesion values between soil and concrete
6.7 Chemical analysis and other properties of soil at depths of proposed structural elements
and utilities, as follows:
_x__ 6.7.1 pH value
_x__ 6.7.2 Carbonate content
_x__ 6.7.3 Chloride ion (Cl) concentration (in percent by weight of soil)
_x__ 6.7.4 Sulfate ion (SO4) concentration (in percent by weight of soil)
_x__ 6.7.7 Electrical resistivity of soil
___ 6.7.8 Thermal resistivity of soil (ASTM D5334)
6.8 Permeability (in cm/sec)
_x__ 6.8.1 Laboratory determination
_x__ 6.8.2 In situ determination
6.9 Chemical analysis of groundwater at depths of proposed structural elements and utilities,
as follows:
_x__ 6.9.1 pH value
_x__ 6.9.2 TDS (in ppm)
_x__ 6.9.3 Chloride ion (Cl) concentration (in ppm)
Page 38 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
_x__ 6.9.4 Sulfate ion (SO4) concentration (in ppm)
7. Other Considerations
_x__ 7.1 Swelling potential of soils, including depth of zone of soil moisture content fluctuation
and associated recommendations
_x__ 7.2 Collapsible or dispersive soils
_x__ 7.4 Geologic or other potential hazards
8. General Foundation Recommendations
8.1 Foundation recommendations to be based on:

_x__ 8.1.1 Construction at existing grade
_x__ 8.1.2 Site modified to final grade different than existing grade
_x__ 8.1.3 Improved ground
_x__ 8.2 Type(s) of foundation recommended
_x__ 8.3 Basis for selecting recommended foundation type(s)
_x__ 8.4 Recommendations for foundation type(s) selected
_x__ 8.5 Recommendations for deep foundations regardless of foundation type selected
_x__ 8.6 Recommendations for shallow foundations regardless of foundation type selected
_x__ 8.7 Soil strength parameters used in determining design capacities
_x__ 8.8 Ground Improvement recommendations
_x__ 8.9 Effects of proposed construction on existing facilities or adjacent property
9. Shallow Foundation Recommendations
_x__ 9.1 Spread footings: Depth below grade, size and shape restrictions
_x__ 9.2 Mat foundations: Depth below grade, modulus of subgrade reaction (in kN/m³)
_x__ 9.3 Tank foundations: Recommendations and restrictions, excavation and backfill, ringwall
or mat considerations, extended water tests
_x__ 9.4 Vibratory equipment foundations: Dynamic shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, other
considerations
_x__ 9.4.1 Based on correlations from published literature
_x__ 9.4.2 Based on in-situ testing
_x__ 9.5 Ultimate and allowable net soil bearing capacity (in kPa)
_x__ 9.5.1 As a function of the shape and size of foundation, depth of embedment, and soil
strength
Page 39 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
_x__ 9.5.2 Any increase in net allowable bearing capacity for hydrotest loads, and short
term loads such as wind and earthquake
_x__ 9.5.3 Ultimate net soil bearing capacity for blast loading conditions
_x__ 9.6 Foundation settlement (in mm)

_x__ 9.6.1 As a function of loading, shape, depth and size of foundations, and
compressibility of sub-soils
_x__ 9.6.2 Immediate settlement during construction
_x__ 9.6.3 Long term settlement
_x__ 9.6.4 Time rate of settlement
_x__ 9.6.5 Adjacent foundation settlement / Interference effect due to adjacent foundations
_x__ 9.6.6 Differential settlement for tanks, including
9.6.6.1 Along the perimeter
9.6.6.2 Center of tank to perimeter
9.6.6.3 Slope of tank bottom after anticipated settlement
9.6.6.4 Limitations or recommendations for hydrotest procedures to
minimize differential settlement
9.6.6.5 Anticipated settlement and rebound during hydrotest and specific
measurements during hydrotest
10. Deep Foundation Recommendations
_x__ 10.1 Type of pile or drilled pier and basis for recommendation
_x__ 10.2 Ultimate and allowable axial compression capacity through end bearing and skin friction
(in kN)
_x__ 10.2.1 Capacity vs. length
_x__ 10.2.2 Any increase in capacity for hydrotest loads, or for short term loads such as
wind and earthquake
_x__ 10.3 Minimum and maximum tip elevations, when applicable
_x__ 10.4 Ultimate and allowable axial uplift capacity (in kN)
_x__ 10.4.1 Uplift capacity vs. length
_x__ 10.4.2 Any increase in capacity for hydrotest loads, or for short term loads such as
wind and earthquake
_x__ 10.5 Allowable lateral capacity (in kN)
_x__ 10.5.1 Applied lateral loading vs. deflection of pile head
_x__ 10.5.2 Pile moment vs. depth
Page 40 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
_x__ 10.5.3 P-Y curves

_x__ 10.5.4 Recommendations for generation of P-Y curves and required parameters
(cohesion, friction angle, E50)
_x__ 10.6 Downdrag considerations
_x__ 10.7 Spacing, group action, and use of batter piles
_x__ 10.8 Settlement considerations
_x__ 10.9 Vibratory equipment foundations, spring constants in each direction for recommended
pile type
_x__ 10.10 Driven pile installation considerations
_x__ 10.10.1 Driving criteria, including refusal criteria
_x__ 10.10.2 Wave equation analysis
_x__ 10.10.3 Pre-drilling requirements/restrictions
_x__ 10.10.4 Potential problems and recommended solutions
_x__ 10.10.5 Pile installation near existing facilities
_x__ 10.11 (Non-driven) drilled pile and pier installation considerations
_x__ 10.11.1 Installation equipment requirements
_x__ 10.11.2 Casing/slurry considerations
_x__ 10.11.3 Installation criteria and recommendations
_x__ 10.11.4 Potential problems and recommended solutions
_x__ 10.12 Load test requirements, procedures, and acceptance criteria
11. Earth Pressures and Retaining Walls
_x__ 11.1 Active earth pressure, at-rest earth pressure and passive earth pressure coefficients
_x__ 11.2 Ultimate and allowable passive soil resistance for on-site soils, and recommended fill and backfill
material
_x__ 11.3 Recommendations for retaining structure design
_x__ 11.3.1 Pressure diagrams for retaining wall design
_x__ 11.3.1 Pressure diagrams for sheetpile design
_x__ 11.4 Groundwater considerations
_x__ 11.5 Drainage requirements
_x__ 11.6 Erosion protection of slopes
12. Pipeline Anchors
_x__ 12.1 Recommended type of anchor, concrete block or batter piles

Page 41 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
_x__ 12.2 Design parameters for:

_x__ 12.2.1 Anchor block design
_x__ 12.2.2 Pile anchor
13. Seismic Analysis
_x__ 13.1 Seismicity based on IS-1893 and Bangladesh Standard

_x__ 13.2 Liquefaction potential of soils
___ 13.3 Site-specific seismic risk study
14. Earthwork
_x__ 14.1 Definition of select fill

_x__ 14.2 Suitability of on-site material for select and non-select fill
_x__ 14.3 Special preparations or other requirements for use of on-site material
_x__ 14.4 Availability of imported fill
_x__ 14.5 Subgrade preparation
_x__ 14.6 Recommended compaction criteria and moisture content control
_x__ 14.7 Potential compaction difficulties and recommended solutions
_x__ 14.8 Final fill surface/wind erosion protection measures
15. Excavation Considerations
_x__ 15.1 Allowable excavation slope inclinations, temporary and permanent

_x__ 15.2 Groundwater control
_x__ 15.2.1 Recommended dewatering method
_x__ 15.2.2 Temporary versus permanent groundwater control
15.3 Foundation subgrades
_x__ 15.3.1 Heave control
_x__ 15.3.2 Protection/preserving integrity of subgrade
_x__ 15.4 Effects on existing facilities
_x__ 15.5 Potential excavation problems
___ 15.6 Pressure diagrams for shoring design
16. Rock excavation
___ 16.1 Rippability of rock based on Caterpillar Handbook of Ripping

Page 42 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
___ 16.1.1 For mass-grading operations

___ 16.1.2 For trenches and small excavations
___ 16.2 Definition of rock for contract documents
17. Pavements and Slabs-on-Grade
_x__ 17.1 Natural soil and fill, subgrade suitability

_x__ 17.2 Recommended CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value for pavement design
_x__ 17.2.1 Based on correlations from published literature
_x__ 17.2.2 Based on laboratory testing
_x__ 17.2.3 Based on in-situ testing
_x__ 17.3 Recommended modulus of subgrade reaction for slab design
_x__ 17.4 Treatment for improving subgrade, if required
_x__ 17.5 Base course and sub-base course recommendations
_x__ 17.6 Base, sub-base, and subgrade drainage recommendations
18. Foundation Protection
_x__ 18.1 Concrete requirements

_x__ 18.2 Coatings or other protective measures if required
19. Underground Cavity Risk Assessment and Cavity Probing
_ __ 19.1 Risk Assessment Study for potential of underground cavities, including site-specific
geologic formations, thicknesses, and depths; structural geologic features, such as fracture
orientations and frequency; groundwater depths and flow patterns, both historical and
present; surface hydrology and topography; aerial photography showing collapse features;
and a map of relative risk for the study area.
___ 19.2 Results of cavity probing beneath specific foundations.
20. References and Glossary
_x__ 20.1 Major references used in the preparation of the report

_x__ 20.2 Glossary of the technical terminology used in the report
Page 43 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
_x__ Annexure-A Field Test Results (Borelogs, SCPT, DCPT, ERT results etc.,)
_x__ Annexure-B Laboratory Test Results (Summary of test results, Triaxial, Direct shear,
Grain Size graphs Atterberg limits test results, chemical analysis results.
_x__ Annexure-C Model Calculations for bearing capacity, pile capacity, settlement
calculations etc
Page 44 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
ANNEXURE – III
SCHEDULE OF QUANTITIES FOR GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS INCLUDING

LABORATORY TESTING
Important Note:
All quantities given below are tentative and subject to change and requirement to furnish the comprehensive information
about soil for the entire Geotechnical investigation work mentioned in this specification. Payment shall be made at
quoted rates for actual quantities of work executed as approved by the ENGINEER.
Amount (Rs.)
Sr. Rate
Item Unit Quantity Fig.
No. (Rs.)
Words
1 Mobilization of necessary plant equipment,
personnel and materials for the complete geo-
technical investigation work as per specification,
drawings and instructions of the Engineer-in-charge L.S. 1
and to complete the same within the stipulated time
schedule and demobilization after completion of
field work.
2 Making 150 mm nominal diameter bore holes at
various locations of buildings/structures in all types
of soils including laterite using suitable approved
method of boring with hydraulic boring equipment,
cleaning, providing casing pipe as required or as
directed, performing Standard Penetration Tests at
regular intervals defined in specification and at
change of strata (to be paid separately); collection
of water samples and disturbed soil samples,
observations such as ground water, etc., collection
RM 1200
of undisturbed soil samples at intervals defined in
the specification and at change of strata (to be paid
separately); transportation of all the collected
samples to the laboratory and back filling of bore
holes on completion of the same, complete as per
specification and instructions of the Engineer-in-
charge, for depths below Natural Ground Level.
For location and termination depth of each bore
hole, refer to drawing attached (Borehole / Tests
Location PLan).
a) Conducting SPT in Boreholes NOS 704
b) Collection of Undisturbed Samples NOS 160
3 Core drilling (Nx size) in rock using hydraulic feed
rotary drill and double tube core barrel with
diamond/ Tungsten Carbon (TC) bit including
collection of core samples, performing SPT at
locations where core recovery is less than 20%,
Page 45 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Amount (Rs.)
Sr. Rate
No. (Rs.)
Words
maintaining continuous record of core recovery and
RQD, keeping the cores in wooden core boxes,
transporting the cores to laboratory, back filling the
holes with 1 part of cement: 3 part of sand grout on
completion of the same etc all complete as per
specification, drawings and as directed by the
Engineer-in-charge.
a) In Weathered/ disintegrated rock (RQD < 25%
RM ---
and Core recovery < 50%)
b) In Hard rock (RQD ≥ 25% and Core recovery ≥
RM ---
50%)
4 Performing Static Cone Penetration Test as per
ASTM D5778 at various locations, all complete as
per technical specifications, drawings and upto NOS 20
termination depth as approved by the Engineer-in-
charge.
5 Conducting Electrical Resistivity Tests at various
locations, all complete as per specifications,
NOS 11
drawings and as directed by the Engineer-in-
charge.
6 Excavating trial pit of size 2m x 2m at bottom and
3m x 3m at top at various locations up to 2 to 3m
depth below ground level in all types of soil which
can be excavated with pick axe/crow bar etc
including strutting / shoring the sides for the
purpose of stability, dewatering and maintaining
the pit dry at all times, collecting NOS 12
disturbed/undisturbed samples at every 1m interval
and at final depth and transporting all the collected
samples to the laboratory, backfilling of the pit with
excavated material etc., all complete as per
specification and as directed by the Engineer-in-
charge.
7 Conducting plate load test in various locations at
specified depth complete as per specification,
NOS 4
charge. Payment for making the pit of suitable size,
maintaining it dry and backfilling etc., shall be paid
separately as per item no. 6.
8 Conducting cyclic plate load test / Block Vibration
Test in various locations at specified depth
complete as per specification, drawings and as
Page 46 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Amount (Rs.)
Sr. Rate
No. (Rs.)
Words
directed by the Engineer-in-charge. Payment for
making the pit of suitable size, maintaining it dry
and backfilling etc shall be paid separately as per
item no. 6.
a) Cyclic Plate Load Test NOS ---
b) Block Vibration Test NOS ---
9 Conducting Dynamic Cone Penetration Test as per
relevant Indian Standards and directions of ---
Engineer-in-charge.
10 Conducting Seismic Refraction test at various
Quote
locations (along 120 m long stretch) complete as
NOS Rate
per technical specification, drawings and as
Only
directed by the Engineer-in-charge.
11 Conducting Seismic Down Hole Shear test (ASTM
D7400) at various locations up to required depth of
30 m all complete as per technical specification,
drawings and as directed by the Engineer-in- NOS 2
charge; drilling in rock shall be paid separately as
per Item No. 3 in case conducted in separate
borehole other than specified borehole.
12 Conducting field CBR (ASTM D4429) test at
various locations at specified depth complete as per
NOS 10
specification, drawings and as directed by
Engineer-in-charge.
13 Conducting Field Permeability tests at various
locations in bore holes or pits at various depths
including providing packers as required, etc. as per
NOS
specifications and directions of the Engineer-in-
charge. (Including cost of bore hole and cost of
pits, maintaining them dry and back-filling.)
a) Pump out test in bore-hole by Constant head or
NOS 3
falling head method
b) Pump in test in bore-hole ---
14 Conducting Pressuremeter Test at various depths
and at various locations complete as per technical
specification, drawings and as directed by the
NOS ---
Engineer-in-charge. (NX size probe; drilling shall
be paid separately as per Item No. 2; depth up to to
15m )
15 Conducting Thermal Conductivity Test at various
locations complete as per technical specification, NOS ---
Page 47 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Amount (Rs.)
Sr. Rate
No. (Rs.)
Words
charge.
16 Installation of Casagrande piezometer up to 15.0m
depth in the specified borehole and measurement of
ground water level (including all items Well screen,
protective cover, filter pack, Annular sealant,
NOS 5
Cement-bentonite grout seal, cement, surface
protection, well development, proper surface
protection measures, well recovery test and well
installation survey etc.).
17 Conducting various laboratory tests on soil/ground
water samples at an approved laboratory including
preparation of soil samples to determine the
following properties of soil, all complete as per
specifications (Refer Note below).
a) Bulk Density and Moisture content NOS 224
b) Sieve Analysis NOS 105
c) Hydrometer Analysis NOS 20
d) Liquid Limit & Plastic limit NOS 42
e) Shrinkage Limit NOS 10
f) Specific Gravity NOS 42
g) Standard Proctor Compaction test. NOS 10
h) Swell Pressure NOS 16
i) Free Swell Index NOS 10
j) Relative Density NOS 25
k) Unconfined Compressive Strength NOS 10
l) Tri-axial Test NOS
(i) Unconsolidated Undrained Test NOS 32
(ii) Consolidated Undrained Test with Pore Water NOS
30
Pressure measurement
(iii) Consolidated Drained Test NOS 15
m) One Dimensional Consolidation Test. NOS 32
n) California Bearing Ratio Test NOS 10
o) Chemical Analysis of soil and ground water NOS
including Sulphates, Chlorides, pH values and 20
detection of toxic and hazardous materials, if any.
p) Conducting direct shear test as per relevant NOS
40
Indian Standards and directions of ENGINEER.
q) Chemical Analysis of 2:1, Water: Soil extract NOS
20
of the samples giving SO3 content.
r) Laboratory permeability test (falling head NOS
5
method on 95% modified proctor density
Page 48 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
Amount (Rs.)
Sr. Rate
No. (Rs.)
Words
compacted soil sample)
18 Conducting laboratory test on rock samples
including preparation of the samples to determine
the following properties etc all complete as per
specification.
a) Moisture content, porosity & density NOS ---
b) Specific gravity NOS ---
c) Slake durability index NOS ---
d) Unconfined compressive strength (both at NOS
saturated and in-situ water content, stress strain plot ---
shall be provided)
e) Point load strength NOS ---
19 Conducting field compaction tests as per ASTM NOS 15
D6938 or ASTM D4914 as specified by Engineer
at given locations to verify the in situ compaction
density.
20 Preparation and submission of Draft report (as per
the format provided in Annexure-) in two (2) hard
copies and one (1) electronic copy (text searchable
pdf format); and Final report in 5 hard copies and 2
soft copies (text searchable pdf format) on Digital
Compact Disk after the approval of draft report L.S
including all field records, laboratory test results,
graphs, analysis of test results and recommendation
etc all complete as per specification. Final report
shall be submitted after incorporating comments on
draft report
Total Cost =
Note: Laboratory test numbers shown in the schedule are indicative only and may increase or
decrease during actual site investigations. These test numbers shall be actually adjusted based on
the site investigation requirements and analysis output of various field tests.
Total Cost (in words) Rs. ________________________________________________________________________
Signature of Bidder _________________________ Company Seal
Page 49 of 49

CLIENT: NORTH-WEST
ANNEXURE – IV
GEOTECHNICAL FIELD INVESTIGATION PROGRAM– LOCATION OF

BORE HOLES AND OTHER TESTS
Page 50 of 49

Bheramara Geotechnical Investigation Plant Area

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bheramara Geotechnical Investigation Plant Area

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BHER

NORTH-WEST POWER GENERATI

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

Clause No. Description Page

2.0 CONTRACTUAL TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 3

3.0 INTENT OF INVESTIGATION 3

4.0 SCOPE OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION 3

5.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS 5

6.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS – SOIL 9

7.0 LABORATORY TESTING 21

9.0 RATES AND MEASUREMENTS 29

BORE LOG FORMAT & SUMMARY OF LABORATORY

REQUIRED GEOTECHNICAL SERVICES (REPORT

Annexure-III SCHEDULE OF QUANTITIES 45

GEOTECHNICAL FIELD INVESTIGATION PROGRAM–

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

2.0 CONTRACTUAL TERMS DEFINITION

3.0 INTENT OF INVESTIGATION

4.0 SCOPE OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

discussions in order to explain PURCHASER's observation/comments on the report. Within

5.0 APPLICABLE CODES AND STANDARDS

IS 1080 : Code of practice for design and construction of Shallow foundations

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

IS 4078 : Code of practice for Indexing and Storage of Drill Cores.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

IS 9179 : Method for preparation of Rock Specimen for Laboratory testing.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

ASTM D1452 Standard Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.0 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS – SOIL

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.1.2 Auger Boring

6.1.3 Shell and Auger Boring

6.1.4 Percussion Boring

6.1.5 Rotary Mud Circulation Boring

6.2 Standard Penetration Test

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.3.2 Disturbed Sample

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.3.4 Relaxation During Sampling

6.4 Ground Water

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.5 Trial Pit

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

(a) Chunk Samples

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.6 Static Cone Penetration Test

6.7 In – situ Permeability Test

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

(a) Constant Head Method (in bore hole)

6.7.3 Pump-Out Test

6.8 Vane Shear Test

6.9 Plate Load Test

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.10 Electrical Resistivity Test

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.13 Field California Bearing Ratio (FCBR) Test

6.14 Seismic Refraction Test

6.15 Seismic Down Hole Test

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

6.17 Thermal Conductivity Test