SOME / ANY / NO

SOME  POSITIVE SENTENCES

 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (REQUESTS AND OFFERS)

ANY  INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

NO  = ANY BUT IN POSITIVE SENTENCES

Do you have any cousins?
Did you see any crocodiles?
We don't have any pets. // I have no pets.
I didn't see any boys there. // I saw no boys there.
We saw some bears at the zoo, but we didn't see any monkeys.

Requests: Do you have some sugar for my coffee? // Could you give me some
money?

Offers: Do you need some sugar for your coffee? // Would you like some milk,
too?
1. Sorry, I can't go out tonight. I've got   work to do.

2. Sorry, I can't go out tonight. I haven't got    money.

3. I'm going to take    extra English lessons before my trip to New

Zealand.

4. The dog's looking hungry. Will you give him    food?

5. Dinner was lovely, thanks. Shall I make us    coffee?

6. I didn't get    emails today. Maybe something's wrong with our

internet connection.

7. I've got a problem with this exercise. Could you give me    help?

8. I'm not sure if we can make a cake. Do we have    eggs?

NONE

 None is the pronoun form of no. 

 None means ‘not one’ or ‘not any’.

 We use it as a pronoun to replace countable and uncountable nouns.

 We use it as subject or object:

Stella tried to find some strength but none came. (No strength came.)

My mother had two brothers. My father had none. (My father didn’t have any

brothers.)

A: What reasons did he give?

B: None.
  When none is the subject, the verb is either singular or plural depending on

what it is referring to.

I’m always looking for inspiration. None ever comes.

She’s always looking for ideas. None ever come.

We don’t use none where we mean no one or nobody:

They had a wonderful time and luckily no one was injured.

NONE OF…

 We use none of before the, demonstratives (this, that), possessives (my, your)

or pronouns:

None of his old friends knew what had happened to him.

It doesn’t matter. None of it was your fault.

 We don’t use none of when there is already a negative word (not, n’t) in the

clause:

She doesn’t remember any of us.  correct

Not: She doesn’t remember none of us.  incorrect

A LOT OF / LOTS OF / A LOT

 a lot of and lots of have the same meaning: they both mean a large amount or

number of people or things. (Muchos, muchas, mucho o mucha, un montón de)

 Lots of is more informal than a lot of. 

 They are both used before countable nouns and uncountable nouns, and can be

used at the beginning of the clause:

with countable nouns:

A lot of  people went to the game.

Lots of  people went to the game.

with uncountable nouns:

A lot of  snow falls in winter.

Lots of  snow falls in winter.

 a lot means very often or very much. It is used as an adverb. It often comes at

the end of a sentence and never before a noun.

I like basketball a lot.

She's  a lot happier now than she was.

I don't go there a lot  anymore.

MUCH / MANY
 Use much if the noun is non-countable (e.g., water, sand).

 Use many if the noun is countable (e.g., oranges, children).

For example: I don’t have  much  money. They own  many  houses

Phillip owns many properties in France.

We didn’t earn much profit this year.

How  much  money have you got?

Sharon does not have many friends.

There are too  many  students in this class.

It doesn’t need  much  milk.

We had so much fun.

I spent  many  days there.

1. We saw _____ animals at the zoo.

2. How _____ oranges did you put in the box?

3. There isn’t _____ sugar in my coffee.

4. I don’t have ______ friends.

5. The old man hasn’t got _____ hair on his head.

6. I’ve packed _____ bottles of water.

7. I didn’t get _____ sleep last night.

8. How _____ fruit do you eat in an average day?

BOTH / NEITHER / EITHER

 Both, either and neither are binary connectors or determiners

 They are used to associate or to link, in the affirmative or in the negative, two

entities (people, objects, abstractions).

 Both - ambos

Either - cualquiera de los dos

Neither - ninguno (de dos)

 "both" with plural nouns; "either" y "neither" with singular nouns

Both  students can take the test.

(Ambos estudiantes pueden tomar el examen.)

Either  student can take the test.

(Uno de los estudiantes puede tomar el examen.)

Neither student can take the test.

(Ninguno de los estudiantes puede tomar el examen.)

 We can use "both" with two nouns connected by the word "and"; "either"

connected by "or" and "neither" connected by "nor."

Both Frank and Bob live in Chicago.

Either Frank or Bob lives in Chicago.

Neither Frank nor Bob live in Chicago.

  We can use the word "of" with these words before plural nouns or object

pronouns:

Plural nouns:

Both of the students can go to the party.

Either of the students can go to  the  party.

Neither of the students  can go to the party.

Object pronouns:

Both of them / the boys can go to the party.

Either of them can go to  the  party.

Neither of them can go to the party.

 We can use “both” after a subject: object pronoun or before a plural noun.

We  both loved the movie. (después de un pronombre sujeto)

He gave us both  a birthday present.  (después de un pronombre objeto)

Both  students passed the test. (antes de un sustantivo plural)

1. I like pizza and you like pizza. We like pizza.

2. You don't like coffee and I don't like coffee. of us likes coffee.

3. Bob lives in Chicago or Fran lives in Chicago.  Bob or Fran lives in

Chicago. I don't remember which one.

4. My son and my daughter like ice cream  children like ice

cream.
5. My father and my mother are not retired.  of my parents are

retired.

6. Neither Gerry          Dana like to watch TV.

7. I want either the red one  the blue one.

8. I need both that book   this one.

EACH / EVERY / ALL

 All means the total number of people or things considered as a group.

We can use All with a plural noun to make a generalization about an entire group of

something.

All  sharks are dangerous.

All  elephants are slow.

 All + of + determiner + noun

The noun can be singular, plural or an uncountable noun. These nouns can also be

replaced by pronouns.

You need to read  all of the book.

All of the pages are yellow and old.

All of the fish  in the pond have died.

You need to remove  all of them  before they start to smell bad.

Note that All of + singular noun is not common and Whole or Entire used instead

of all of.

You need to read the whole book (= all of the book)

We can also remove OF before the determiner + noun (but we must use OF before a

pronoun)

You need to read  all the book.

All the pages  are yellow and old.

 Pronoun + all

Sometimes you can place All after a pronoun to emphasize that every single one of

that group is included.

We  all hope you get better soon.

I hope  you all  have a great time.

I have made  us all  some sandwiches.

 Every means all members of a group considered individually. It can be used to

talk about three or more people/things.

 Every + singular noun:

I have visited  every country in South America (we do NOT say: every countries)

I can understand every  word our teacher says. (we do NOT say: every words)

Do not forget to conjugate the verb in 3rd person singular (in Present Simple
Tense)

Every day is a chance to learn something new.

Every child  needs love and care.

Every house on the street looks  the same.

  Every + number + plural noun
This is common with periods of time or things at regular intervals.

He gets his head shaved  every three weeks.

You need to take a break every  two hours.

We can also use every without a number and a singular noun to refer to

regular intervals:

He plays football  every Saturday.

She goes to the gym  every day.

 Each means all members of a group considered individually though we think of

them more one by one.

Make sure you enjoy each moment  in your life.

They play the national anthem of  each country before the game begins.

Live each day  as if it were your last.

 Each + one

One can be used to replace the singular countable noun if it has already been

mentioned.

A: What do I have to do with these antique vases? B: You need to take each one  out

of the box very carefully. (each one = each vase)

 Each of + determiner + plural noun

Each can be followed by a determiner (my, his, the, etc.) + a plural noun.

I kiss each of my children before they go to bed at night.

The teacher had a little kid holding on to  each of her hands.

Each of the guides  has a different group to show around the museum.

Notice how after each of the verb is usually in singular form :

Each of my students has a different assignment to complete. (correct use)

Each of my students have a different assignment to complete. (informal use)

 Each of + pronoun (you/us/them)

We can only use the pronouns you/us/them after each of. Again, the verb

following each of + pronoun should be in the singular form.

He gave  each of us a small gift at the end of the course.

You need to wash  each of them before use.

Each of you needs to complete the assignment individually.

 Each as a pronoun

When the students finished to course,  each  was given a certificate. (Each = each of

the students)

Though, it is more common to use each one instead of each by itself: …

each one was given a certificate.

 Noun/Pronoun + each
Each can be used after the noun (or pronoun) it describes.

The parents gave their children some pocket money. To avoid problems,

they  each  received the same amount.

 Auxiliary Verb/To Be + each

Each can be used after an auxiliary verb or the verbs Are and Were.

I have four books to sell and they are  each  worth around five dollars.

They  have each been told their responsibilities.

 Object + each

Instead of going before/after the subject, each can appear after the object.

This is common when the noun object refers to an amount, how many of something

there is or when giving a price.

My paintings are worth $100 each (= Each of my paintings are worth $100)

I gave my children each an ice cream.

Compare All vs. Each

All refers to the entire group as a whole. Each refers to the individual members of the

group.

 I say goodbye to each student as they leave the room.

(= Goodbye John, goodbye Mary, goodbye Daniel… etc. until it has been said to ALL of

the students individually… Yes, there is a lot of repetition)

 I say goodbye to all of the students as they leave the room.

(= Goodbye students … I just say goodbye once)

Compare All vs. Every

I simple way to remember is that All is with a plural noun + plural

verb while Every is with a singular noun + singular verb. Every can also suggest

“without exception”.

All  students  receive  a certificate.

Every student  receives  a certificate.

We can use All with uncountable nouns (and not Every).

I like all  music (NOT  every music)

Place  all luggage on the counter. (NOT every  luggage)

The difference between everyday and every day.
Everyday is an adjective so it goes before the noun it describes.

Everyday = ordinary, regular, normal. It can refer to something done or used daily or

routinely.

You should wear an elegant dress for the wedding, not just an  everyday  one.

Even though he has won some money, it hasn't changed his  everyday life.

Some  everyday activities damage the environment.

Why do you always use those big words that are not common in  everyday  language?

Every day is a phrase that usually acts as an adverb.

Every day = all of the days or each day over a period of time. It can also mean very

regularly.

You've been wearing that same shirt  every day this week. You need to change it!

You should take a shower  every day.

Low prices,  every day! (A sign in a shop)

Woodward English publishes new material on Twitter  every day.

 The main difference in pronunciation between every day and everyday is where

the accent (or word stress) is placed.

Everyday: the stress is on the first syllable …  EVeryday.

Every day: the stress is on the word  day … every  DAY.

The difference between every day and all day.
All day = the entire day, or a large part of the day..

Every day = each day; on all of the days over a certain period of time (weeks,
months, years). It can also mean regularly.

I studied all  day (= the entire day)

I studied every  day. (= all of the days… Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday etc.)

The same concept applies to other periods of time.

All morning (= the entire morning)

Every morning (= all of the mornings …. this week, this month etc.)

He spent all morning  at the gym. (= the entire morning)

He goes to the gym  every morning. (= all of the mornings of the week)
Sometimes both phrases are used in the same sentence to mean that you did
something or something happened non-stop or without pausing.

I have been studying  all day, every day  for the last two weeks.