Ministers:

· The head of the revenue department was the wazir, responsible for all the income and expenditure of
the kingdom

· The head of the military was the mir bakshi who also headed the intelligence and information
agencies of the empire.

· The judicial department was headed by the qazi.

Central and Provincial administration:

· 15 subas (provinces) under the charge of the Subedar (Governor) who had full civil and military
powers. The Diwan was incharge of collection of land revenue.

· Each suba was further sub divided into sarkars.

· Each Sarkar was subdivided into parganas.The head of the Pargana was the faujdar who helped the
Subedar in crushing revolts and providing military assistance.

· Each pargana had a number of villages.

The Mansabdari System:

· The Mughal administration was a military administration. For its successful functioning, Akbar
introduced the Mansabdari system. It was a grading system used by Mughals to fix rank, salary and
military responsibilities.

· Each officer or noble was given a mansab (rank) and was called a Mansabdar.

· The smallest Mansabdar was in charge of 10 horses. The highest mansab was of 5000 horses.
Princes could keep even more.

· The system was not hereditary. The Mansabdars could be transferred from one area to another.

· These ranks were divided into two, zat meaning the salary he was entitled to and sawar meaning the
number of cavalrymen he was required to maintain.

· The Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs.

Land Revenue system:

· A uniform system of measurement was established for calculating the land tax.

· Todar Mal drew up schemes for effective tax collection.

· The share of the state was fixed at 1/3 of the total produce, to be paid in cash or kind.

· The state gave loans to poor farmers.

· This system enriched the state treasury and ushered in progress in agriculture, trade and industry.