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ICEP
Asraruddin et al. / Regional Journal and Maritime Cities Vol. No. (Edition 2021):
1 - 10
IDENTIFICATION OF CITY MORPHOLOGY DEVELOPMENT BASED ON COMMUNITY
PREFERENCES (CASE STUDY: KECAMATAN RASANAE BARAT)
Asraruddin 1) , Mukti Ali 2) , Ihsan 3)
1) Urban and Regional Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Hasanuddin University. Email: atangommail@gmail.com 2 ) Department of
Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University.
Email: mukti_ali93@yahoo.com 3 ) Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University. Email:
ace.ihsan@gmail.com
Abstract
The development of a city is signi cantly related to the function of time; it
reminds us of the past where the historical aspect plays a signi cant role in
shaping the morphology of a city; therefore, it is necessary to trace the history
of the formation of the morphology of West Rasanae Subdistrict as a process of
learning from the successes and failures of the past, to avoid morphological
1,2
defects of the city. Increasing the urban population with a high rate of growth
and urbanization makes cities less able to provide optimal services to their
3 4
communities and has consequences for the development of the city, especially
in the provision of urban facilities and infrastructure. Land limitations and
increasingly dense urban areas make the suburbs an alternative to problem-
solving. This study aims to nd out the morphology of the city in ood-prone
areas denounced by western Rasanae and what factors affect the community

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5
that settled in ood-prone areas denounced western rasanae. The analysis
method used is the spatial analysis of the interview results. The results of this
study showed that the pattern of morphological development of the city in
West Rasanae Subdistrict has a circulation system with linear categories and
modi ed with grid patterns, namely from Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Jalan
Sultan Kaharuddin, and Jalan Gajah Ma da (Paruga Village, Dara Village, Sarae
Village, and in Tanjung Village) is an area that has a high intensity of
development, high population density in residential areas and the most
6
populous transportation. And on Jl.Soekarno Hatta, there is a development of
trade and service activities on the main lines of the city area that are linearly
patterned. And in grid-patterned housing activities with a 2-way circulation on
every street in West Rasanae.
Keywords: Morphology, City, Community Preferences, Rasanae Batat
Subdistrict.
Abstract
The development of a city is closely related to the function of time; it reminds
us of the past, where historical aspects played a signi cant role in shaping the
morphology of a city. Therefore it is necessary to trace the history of the
formation of the morphology of West Rasanae District as a learning process
from past successes and failures, so that can avoid the city morphological
7
defects. Increasing urban population with a high rate of growth and
urbanization has made cities less able to provide optimal services to their
8
communities and has consequences for urban development, especially in the
9
provision of urban facilities and infrastructure. Limited land and increasingly
dense cities make suburban areas an alternative solution to the problem. This
10
study aims to determine the morphology of the city in areas prone to ooding di
11 12
kecamatan rasanae west, and what factors mempengaruhi theta people living

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13
in areas prone to ooding di kecamatan rasanae west. The analytical method
used is a spatial analysis of the results of the interviews. The results of this
study indicate that the development pattern of urban morphology in West
Rasanae District has a circulation system with linear categories and modi ed
with a grid pattern, starting from Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Jalan Sultan
Kaharuddin, and Jalan Gajah Mada (Kelurahan Paruga, Kelurahan Dara,
Kelurahan Sarae. , and in Kelurahan Tanjung) is an area that has a high
development intensity, population density in a high residential area and the
14
densest transportation. And on Jl.Soekarno Hatta, there is a development in
trade and service activities on the main lines of the city area, which have a
linear pattern. And on the grid pattern housing activity with 2-way circulation
on every road in West Rasanae.
Keywords: Morphology, City, Community Preference, Rasanae Batat District.

* Corresponding author. Tel .: + 62-822-5963-7739 Jalan Poros Malino km. 6

Bontomarannu, Gowa South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 92711

2 Asraruddin et al. / Regional Journal and Maritime Cities Vol. No. (Edition
2021): 1 - 10

preliminary
Increasing urban population with a high rate of growth and urbanization has
15
made cities less able to provide optimal services to their communities and has
16
consequences for urban development, especially in the provision of urban
facilities and infrastructure. Limited land and increasingly dense cities make

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suburban areas an alternative solution to the problem. Urban physical changes

towards the outside create new areas or often referred to as suburban areas
17 18
[1]. the development of housing basically stems from the migration of people to
the city center and then naturally spreads to the outskirts [2].
19
One of the factors driving the movement to the outskirts of the city is the desire
to have a natural life, away from pollution, comfortable with guaranteed
20
utilities and facilities. Everyone has their own tendency to choose in selecting
dwelling on the outskirts of the city. The tendency to choose to stay and not
21
stay is often referred to as preference. The preference for living in choosing
residential housing can be due to accessibility factors, namely the ease of
reaching the location, environmental conditions related to their physical and
social conditions, the ease of reaching the workplace, and the level of service
22 23
that can be reached by the community both by means and infrastructure.
24
West Rasanae Subdistrict, which is located in Bima City, West Nusa Tenggara
Province, shows progress when viewed from its development, the development
of the city shape in West Rasanae District causes a process of physical and
non-physical changes, including changes in land cover, where land in West
25
Rasanae District is increasingly thinning out.
26
The morphology of the town is formed through a long process. Any changes in
the form morphologically region can give meaning and bene ts that are
27
valuable to the handling of the development of an area of the city. By studying
the morphology of an area of the city, presumably morphological defects of
28
area cities can be avoided because the process of learning from the experience
of past failures and successes lam pau is a process of establishing a regional
morphology city [ 3]. Based on

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This phenomenon is essential to identify the morphological characteristics of

the city in the West Rasanae District.
1) How is the development of urban morphology in the West Rasanae District?
2) What are the non-physical factors that in uence the development of urban
morphology in the West Rasanae District?
3) How is the direction of urban morphology development in the West Rasanae
District?
Pustka Study
City Morphology Theory
29
In some kinds of literature, the de nition of morphology is de ned as a science
30
that studies the form, structure, or process of the occurrence of the form of
parts, elements, or elements. Morphology is the study of how each unit
element builds a city [4], how an individual project contributes to the collective
project.
31
Besides, morphology is also a product. This explains that morphology consists
of the elements that make it up. Morphological elements are objects that
makeup cities or settlements. In the urban context, morphological elements
include land use patterns, building shapes, and road patterns. Morphology as a
process and morphology as a product are in uenced by physical and non-
32
physical aspects so that they can give meaning and characteristics to the cities
33
and settlements that are formed.
Elements of Urban Morphological Elements
Land use ( Land Use )
This element is temporary and dynamic, can be used as a basis for rebuilding
and planning a new function of a building to be made, namely by combining or
34
reducing building lots and changing the road pattern [ 6]. Land use itself is a
continuous process in optimally utilizing existing land for certain functions

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effectively and ef ciently. Land use shows the relationship between circulation
and the density of activities or functions in a space, where each space has its
use characteristics.

35
Different land according to their respective capacities.
Street plan (Pola Road)
The road network pattern is formed through a long process and is a part or
continuation of the existing pattern. The road pattern can be regular or irregular
36
(natural), which is strongly in uenced by the topography of the area [ 7].
Style of Building ( Building Type )
The building mass has a vital role in shaping the structure of the area and the
road network. Buildings can develop to be bigger or smaller, in the form of
increasing or decreasing the area. After that, there will be an intervention
37
process for the area of lots and buildings in the form of adding, subtracting, or
forming new buildings and lots [ 8]. The functions of building types in a city are
38
grouped into four, namely buildings as generators, buildings as a de ning
feature of space, buildings as points of interest and landmarks, and buildings
39
as edges. The architectural style itself can be seen through the building
40
facades, which have their own characteristics, texture, size, color, and
material.
Community Preference
4
Preference is part of an individual decision-making component. And komPonen
components were perception (perception), attitude (attitude), value (value),

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preference (tendency), and satisfaction (satisfaction). These components

124
in uence each other in making decisions. Each individual has preferences in
42
determining various options for their needs. Preferences can be formed
43
through the mindset of consumers (individuals), which are based on two things,
namely the experiences they have acquired and hereditary beliefs. Perception
is a process of giving meaning or a cognitive process from a person to his
44
environment, which is used to interpret and understand the world around him
[9].
Thus each person will have a different perspective and interpretation of a
particular object/phenomenon. Perception is also related to how to get special
knowledge about a phenomenon at a particular moment and

It also includes the cognitive aspects of knowledge. So perception includes the

45
interpretation of objects/signs from the point of view of the individual
concerned, and perceptions can in uence behavior and formation.
Research methods
Research sites
46
The research was conducted in West Rasnae District, Bima City, West Nusa
Tenggara. The research locations, in general, are West Rasanae District which
includes Dara Village, Tanjung Village, Sarae Village, Nae Village, Pane Village,
and Paruga Village, as the downtown area in West Rasanae District.
Types of research
This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The purpose of descriptive
research is to study the development of urban morphology. At the same time,
qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data
47
from the object being observed. This research tries to raise the spatial aspects,
especially the transformation of the spatial structures and patterns formed in

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48
the West Rasanae District. Qualitative methods are used to describe the
124
phenomena of the physical aspects of in uencing changes in urban
morphology. This method will interpret and describe the meaning of the change
49 50
in the morphology of the city that is formed.
Time and Location of Research
125 51
This research was conducted for four months, from December 2020 to March
52
2021, which included literature studies, initial site surveys, primary and
secondary data collection, data processing, and preparation of research
reports.
53
The research was conducted in West Rasnae District, Bima City, West Nusa
Tenggara. The research locations, in general, are West Rasanae District which
includes Dara Village, Tanjung Village, Sarae Village, Nae Village, Pane Village,
and Paruga Village, as the downtown area in West Rasanae District.

Research variable
To answer research questions 1 How is the development of urban morphology
in West Rasanae District based on ood vulnerability, data on a) land use
includes data on the increase in area and land function, b) road patterns
include the increase in the number of roads, accessibility, types and functions
roads, c) building shaped) population density .
To answer research question 2, What are the non-physical factors that affect
the morphology of the city in West Rasanae District, including a) Education

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Level, b) Historical Culture, c) Social Interaction, d) Settlement Comfort, e)

124
Occupation, f) Length of Residence.
To answer research question 3, How is the direction of urban morphological
54
development in the West Rasanae District? Data is needed regarding the right
direction regarding the existing problem.
125
Method of collecting data
55
In this study, the required data is divided into primary data and secondary data,
56 57
which are collected by several methods. The data requirements, data types,
and data collection methods in this study are shown in Table 2 as follows:

Data analysis method

Because this study will explain the development and changes in urban
58
morphology, a search was carried out using the diachronic reading method.
Second, synchronous interpretation/reading or alignment of various
information related to socio-cultural, economic, and political events obtained
59
at the same time, this analysis is referred to as synchronic reading. From the
60
above explanation, diachronic reading analysis techniques are used to describe
urban development. The results of this analysis will be correlated using
synchronic reading analysis so that it will reveal the extent to which the
variables are interrelated and in uential.
Results and Discussion
This section will discuss the analysis of changes in land-use patterns, road
network patterns, and building distribution. in West Rasanae Subdistrict. Land
uses are a signi cant component in the growth of the area. The road network
pattern is formed through a long process and is a part or continuation of the
existing pattern. The building mass has a vital role in shaping the structure of

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the area and the road network. Buildings can develop to be bigger or smaller, in
124
the form of increasing or decreasing the area. From the results of the interview,
the writer tries to put it in the form of a map which is divided into ve
61
development periods as follows:

125

62
In the period 1930-1957, Paruga Village was the center of government and
63
trade, while in other Kelurahan, it was only designated as a residential area.
The beginning of the land cover development pattern of Rasanae Barat
Subdistrict in 1930 started from Paruga Village, where the Paruga Village was
iconic because the center of the Bima Sultanate government and trading area
followed the development of the surrounding settlements.
64
During the period 1958-1973, land cover in West Rasanae District tended to
develop west, east, and south. In this period, trade and services in West
65 66
Rasanae District increased among the wholesale markets that were built in
Tanjung Kelurahan.
The 1974-1986 period was a period where there was a growth in the number of
residential buildings, the function of residential land grew to the north
following a linear road pattern, namely in the Sarae village, in addition to the
function of residential land, there were other built facilities such as four
educational facilities, one health facility, one open space facility, one public
67
burial facility, and three of ce facilities.
In the period 1987-2000, there was rapid development and growth where
68
development of the trade and services function was built located in Tanjung

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and Dara villages, the function of trading land was developed because there
124
were port facilities along the

125

69
the road to the port. Some of the trade facilities that have been built are the
conversion of land functions, which were formerly residential facilities other
than in Tanjung Kelurahan, the development of trade and services occurs in the
Pane Village, while in the downtown area, namely Paruga Village, especially on
trading land there has been developed so that Paruga Village has become the
70
central area. Trading.
71
In this period from 2001 to 2021, the function of trade was increasing, one of
which was the construction of a new market located in Dara Village; in addition
to the market, there were several other buildings, including of ce facilities,
72
green open spaces, private and industrial. It can be seen that the development
of the built-in land function increased signi cantly in this period in Dara
73
Village. This development was dominated by built-up land, including the
74
addition of residential areas on the edge of the watershed.
Rasanae Barat Subdistrict has a circulation system with linear categories and
modi ed with a grid pattern, starting from Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Jalan
Sultan Kaharuddin, and Jalan Gajah Mada (Kelurahan Paruga, Kelurahan Dara,
Kelurahan Sarae, Soekarno Hatta which was formed since the Sultanate of
Bima in 1999). 1930, which is the main road connecting West Rasanae District

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with other areas, while the development of trade and service activities on the
124
main routes of the city area has a linear pattern.

125

In the period 1957-1973, West Rasanae Subdistrict experienced other road

networks at three connecting points where the road pattern connected
75
between Sarae and Tanjung, Paruga and Pane, as well as Paruga and Dara
villages.
76
In the 1974-2000 period, the addition of a new road network was based on the
policy of the Bima City government. At that time, additional roads were built in
Tanjung Kelurahan, Kelurahan Sarae, and Kelurahan Pane.
Meanwhile, in the 2001-2021 period, other roads were built in Dara Village,
77
where the road connects between Dara Village and Tanjung Village.

In the period 1930-1957, where the sultanate houses scattered in residential

areas were permanent and non-permanent houses from the results of
78 79
interviews, it is known that the location of the house in that period was located
in Paruga Village where Paruga Village was a landmark or iconic because the
80 81
center of the Bima Sultanate government was located . The development of
the distribution of buildings in the West Rasanae District follows a linear or
road pattern.

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124

125
In the period 1958-1973, building developments occurred vertically and
horizontally, which followed the pattern of road developments, for the vertical
development of the distribution of buildings towards the north and south,
namely in the Kelurahan Sarae and Kelurahan Dara. At the same time, the
horizontal development leads to the west and east, namely in the Tanjung and
Pane sub-districts. For the building mass, it still shows a single block typology
with a heterogeneous texture.
During the period 1974-1986, it was seen that the distribution of buildings was
83 82
directed to the north, namely in the Nae Village and partly in the Nae Village. At
this time, the development of many educational facilities and settlements was
84
built.
In the 1987-2000 period, the typology of building mass began to appear caused
by building developments that tended to occur linearly following the pattern of
road development, making residential buildings invisible in the form of
individuals.
In the 2001-2021 period, the rapid development of buildings where many
85
buildings were built, such as trade and service facilities, made the building
masses increasingly show linear developments and modi ed grid patterns that
86 87
followed the road network pattern that had been formed since the Bima
Sultanate era.
Next is a discussion that will answer the second research question related to
the factors that in uence the community to stay in the ood-prone areas of

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West Rasanae District in terms of several aspects, including:

124
1. Socio-Economic Aspects
Economic activities in West RasanaE Subdistrict are closely related to existing
88
land uses. Of those who work in the eld of agriculture, very vulnerable to
losing their livelihoods, and livelihood shifted to the commercial sector,
125 89
services, and industry along with the transformation of farmland into lahan
awakened. Based on the socio-economic conditions of the population and
existing strategic sectors, in general, the activities are

90
Dominant is trading activity, both trade and services; trade arising from other
activities; and trade which is part of other activities.
Political Aspects
Non-physical factors other than his form Rasanae District of the West is the
political aspect that laid the foundation for structuring the spatial patterns and
structures space formed until today.
Thus, in the constellation of the West RasanaE District system, it has a
91
strategic value to be developed into a service center. This affects the scale of
92
infrastructure and facilities that will be developed in it according to its function
as a City Service Center development area, namely with the function of the
center for trade and service development, transportation nodes. Marine and
cultural tourism destinations and capture sheries development. The
directions above are direct or indirect.
Cultural Aspects
The Bima community has a philosophy in orienting the building, namely in the
cultural stone house. The Bima community usually has to plant gold on the
central pole with a weight of 3 grams to 7 grams depending on the determined
intention. To build a toilet in the house, you must not face the Qibla, and in the

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house, there must be a room for worship or a prayer room because of the
124
religious nature of the Bima community, and beside the house, a kind of Gazebo
93
is usually made for a family play area, and in speci c communities, there must
94
be a room for storing rice.
95 96
While on the house on stilts there are three ats under the house that are used
125
to store livestock, the part for the roof of the house there is space for storing
crops such as corn, rice, sweet potatoes, and soon, for building a house on
97 98
stilts it must be done by an expert carpenter who is usually called calling. The
99
culture of living in West Rasanae District, by orienting the buildings as above,
plays a vital role in the pattern of development

Buildings formed in West Rasanae District. Precisely in residential areas.

Historical Culture
All respondents in West Rasanae Subdistrict have families in the exact
location; the highest is people who have <3 families as much as 55% and the
least is people who have> 5 families as much as 16%. From the results of the
interviews, the people who live do not have plans to move because they have
families living in the area.
Social Interaction ( Neighboring Organizations )
Medium interval social interaction as much as 16% of the community interacts
with community service on holidays and social gatherings between mothers.
Low interval social interaction as much as 26% of the people interact with

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100
attending recitation at the mosques, but the community chooses to build and
10
124
stay on because the relationship between neighbors has been well established.
Profession
The people of West Rasanae Subdistrict dominantly have low interval jobs as
much as 85% work as laborers, domestic workers, and grocery sellers because
125
the education of people who are elementary, junior high, and high school
102 103
graduates so that they have an effect in nding a more stable job. Community
104
income is also classi ed as low to moderate, namely Rp. 2,000,000. Medium
interval jobs, namely government employees, as much as 13% of the jobs are
105
employees, civil servants, and teachers. 2% high or established interval jobs,
namely entrepreneurs who have an income of more than Rp. 2,000,000.
The community chooses to build in the West Rasanae Subdistrict, one of which
106 107
is in uenced by work and income factors. Communities who live close to their
work locations, such as teachers who live near schools and work as laborers
with low income, keep people living because they do not have the cost to build
elsewhere.

Ownership Status
The highest land ownership for the people of West Rasanae Subdistrict, as
much as 86% of the respondents, is private land ownership. Communities live
108 109
on land that has been passed down from generation to generation, passed from
one person to another who quali es as heirs, or on land purchased by
themselves. Medium land ownership is 13% which is a lease/contract. There is
only 1% whose land ownership belongs to the government agency.
The community chooses to build in an area in West Rasanae Subdistrict, one of
the factors, namely the ownership of the land which is private or hereditary

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110
rights and private houses or houses owned by parents that have been passed
111
124
on to their children and their families. Residents who inherit the property of
both parents have the responsibility to occupy the land or house so that the
community has no reason to move, especially those who live in areas prone to
112
ooding.
125
Long Stay
The people of the West Rasanae Subdistrict have long lived in ood-prone
113
areas. The results of the questionnaire show the highest interval, namely as
many as 61% of the people live for more than 15 years, as many as 21% of the
people live for 5-15 years which is a moderate interval. The lowest interval is as
many as 18% of the people live no more than ve years.
1
The longer life in an environment would result in a low desire to move. People in
West Raasanae District chose to build in West Rasanae District because they
have been living for more than 15 years and even up to 60 years. Their parents
or their families lived rst, so that many people were born and raised in the
116 117
kelurahan, and there is no reason for them to move because the kelurahan is
115
their village.
Conclusion
1. West Raasanae Subdistrict has a grid-patterned city morphology centered in
the square area, which has a function

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118
Government, worship, and commerce in the vicinity. The grid pattern in West
119 120
124
Rasanae District has been formed since the period 1930, in the early
settlement areas. The spatial structure is concentrated in the square area as
the city center, making the growth of residential areas tend to occur around the
downtown area. The residential area grows horizontally and vertically.
125
Meanwhile, in residential areas, building developments occur linearly following
121
road patterns. In the period 1930-1957, the formation of the city's morphology
started from the vicinity of the Bima royal palace, which was an icon, and then
developed following the road pattern until the 1973-2021 period. The
development took place interestingly.
2. Non-physical factors that in uence the development of urban morphology in
West Rasanae District are (1) social, (2) economic, (3) political, (4) cultural as
well as other non-physical factors which are the people's preferences or
tendencies there are a result of ( 1) the historical culture of residential
122
locations is solid, (2) social solid interaction, high social comfort, (3)
employment, where the majority of workers and domestic workers, (4)
ownership of private land, and (5) live
> 15 years. The factors that have a dominant in uence based on the results of
123
the questionnaire are the comfort factor of living, social interaction, and the
length of living in the community in West Rasanae District.
3. The directions formulated based on the morphological study of the city of
West Rasanae District are (1) Establishment and development of trade and
service areas, (2) Determination and utilization of residential areas.
Bibliography
Djaldjoeni. 1998. Development of Spatial Structure. Semarang: Muhammadiyah
University of Surakarta

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Andhika Putri, Mentari. 2016. The Physical Appearance (Morphology) of

124
Residential Areas in the Southern Suburbs of Surakarta City. Journal of Urban
Development, Vol. 4, No. 2, pg. 120-
128. Website page: https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id (last accessed 15 September
2020)
125

Bima City Central Bureau of Statistics. 2015. Rasanae Barat District in Figures
of 2015 .
Bima City Central Bureau of Statistics. 2016. West Rasanae District in Figures
of 2016.
Bima City Central Bureau of Statistics. 2017. West Rasanae District in Figures
of 2017.
Bima City Central Bureau of Statistics. 2018. Rasanae Barat District in Figures
of 2018 .
Bima City Central Bureau of Statistics. 2019. West Rasanae District in 2019
Figures.
Harisanti, Adhiya. 2013. Development of the Cakranegara-Lombok Region .
Indonesian Journal of the Built Environment, Vol. 2, No. 2, pg. 18-33. Website
Page: https://www.researchgate.net (last accessed 15 September 2020)
Jong, Amandus. 2014. Identi cation of Urban Morphological Patterns (Case
Study: Part of Klojen District, Malang City). Journal of Urban and Regional
Planning, vol. 25, no. 3, pg. 213-227. Bandung: Bandung Islamic University
Monica, Carolin. 2018. Identi cation of the Morphological Development of
Semarang City. Scienti c Meeting of the Indonesian Built Environment
Researchers Association (IPLBI) 7, D 007-013, p. 7-13. Page
Website: https://temuilmiah.iplbi.or.id (last access 15 September 2020)

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Pandu, Rocky Radial. 2018. Identi cation of City Morphology in Malalayang

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District. Spatial Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pg. 150-
161
Syarif, Edward. 2016. Morphological Changes in Makassar Seafront
Settlements in the Social Transformation of the Marist Community.
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Dissertation. Surabaya: Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology
Whitehand, JWR. 2005. Urban Morphology, Urban Landscape, And Fringe Belts.
Urban Design Winter Journal, Issue 93

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1. The development of a city is Intricate text Clarity

124 signi cantly related to the function of
time; it reminds us of the past where
the historical aspect plays a
signi cant role in shaping the
morphology of a city; therefore, it is
necessary to trace the history of the
formation of the morphology of West
125 Rasanae Subdistr…

2. The development of a city is Hard-to-read text Clarity

signi cantly related to the function of
time; it reminds us of the past where
the historical aspect plays a
signi cant role in shaping the
morphology of a city; therefore, it is
necessary to trace the history of the
formation of the morphology of West
Rasanae Subdistr…

3. and has → . It has Hard-to-read text Clarity

4. city's development Wordy sentences Clarity

5. This study aims to nd out the Unclear sentences Clarity

morphology of the city in ood-prone
areas denounced by western Rasanae
and what factors affect the
community that settled in ood-
prone areas denounced western
rasanae.

6. The results of this study showed that Hard-to-read text Clarity

the pattern of morphological
development of the city in West
Rasanae Subdistrict has a circulation
system with linear categories and
modi ed with grid patterns, namely
from Jalan Sultan Hasanuddin, Jalan
Sultan Kaharuddin, and Jalan Gajah
Ma da (Paruga Village…

7. Therefore it is necessary to trace the Unclear sentences Clarity

history of the formation of the
morphology of West Rasanae District
as a learning process from past

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successes and failures, so that can

avoid the city morphological defects.
124

8. and has → . It has Hard-to-read text Clarity

9. the provision of Wordy sentences Clarity

10. city's morphology Wordy sentences Clarity

125

11. kecamatan Unknown words Correctness

12. mempengaruhi Unknown words Correctness

13. kecamatan Unknown words Correctness

14. The results of this study indicate that Hard-to-read text Clarity
the development pattern of urban
morphology in West Rasanae District
has a circulation system with linear
categories and modi ed with a grid
pattern, starting from Jalan Sultan
Hasanuddin, Jalan Sultan
Kaharuddin, and Jalan Gajah Mada
(Kelurahan Paruga, Kelu…

15. and has → . It has Hard-to-read text Clarity

16. the provision of Wordy sentences Clarity

17. Urban physical changes towards the Unclear sentences Clarity

outside create new areas or often
referred to as suburban areas [1].

18. basically Wordy sentences Clarity

19. city's outskirts Wordy sentences Clarity

20. own Wordy sentences Clarity

21. is often referred Passive voice misuse Clarity

22. be reached Passive voice misuse Clarity

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23. The preference for living in choosing Hard-to-read text Clarity

residential housing can be due to
124 accessibility factors, namely the ease
of reaching the location,
environmental conditions related to
their physical and social conditions,
the ease of reaching the workplace,
and the level of service that can be
reached by the …
125

24. is located Passive voice misuse Clarity

25. West Rasanae Subdistrict, which is Hard-to-read text Clarity

located in Bima City, West Nusa
Tenggara Province, shows progress
when viewed from its development,
the development of the city shape in
West Rasanae District causes a
process of physical and non-physical
changes, including changes in land
cover, where land in Wes…

26. is formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

27. Any changes in the form Unclear sentences Clarity

morphologically region can give
meaning and bene ts that are
valuable to the handling of the
development of an area of the city.

28. be avoided Passive voice misuse Clarity

29. is de ned Passive voice misuse Clarity

30. of the form Wordy sentences Clarity

31. This Intricate text Clarity

32. so that they can → to Wordy sentences Clarity

33. are formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

34. This element is temporary and Unclear sentences Clarity

dynamic, can be used as a basis for
rebuilding and planning a new

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function of a building to be made,

namely by combining or reducing
124 building lots and changing the road
pattern [ 6].

35. Different land according to their Incomplete sentences Correctness

respective capacities.

12536. is strongly in uenced Passive voice misuse Clarity

37. the area of Wordy sentences Clarity

38. are grouped Passive voice misuse Clarity

39. be seen Passive voice misuse Clarity

40. own Wordy sentences Clarity

41. komPonen → component Misspelled words Correctness

42. be formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

43. are based Passive voice misuse Clarity

44. is used Passive voice misuse Clarity

45. interpreting Wordy sentences Clarity

46. was conducted Passive voice misuse Clarity

47. being observed Passive voice misuse Clarity

48. are used Passive voice misuse Clarity

49. city's morphology Wordy sentences Clarity

50. is formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

51. was conducted Passive voice misuse Clarity

52. which included → including Wordy sentences Clarity

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53. was conducted Passive voice misuse Clarity

124
54. is needed Passive voice misuse Clarity

55. is divided Passive voice misuse Clarity

56. are collected Passive voice misuse Clarity

125
57. In this study, the required data is Unclear sentences Clarity
divided into primary data and
secondary data, which are collected
by several methods.

58. was carried out Passive voice misuse Clarity

59. at the same time → Wordy sentences Clarity

simultaneously

60. are used Passive voice misuse Clarity

61. From the results of the interview, the Intricate text Clarity
writer tries to put it in the form of a
map which is divided into ve
development periods as follows:

62. the period Wordy sentences Clarity

63. was only designated Passive voice misuse Clarity

64. the period Wordy sentences Clarity

65. that were Wordy sentences Clarity

66. were built Passive voice misuse Clarity

67. The 1974-1986 period was a period Hard-to-read text Clarity

where there was a growth in the
number of residential buildings, the
function of residential land grew to
the north following a linear road
pattern, namely in the Sarae village,
in addition to the function of
residential land, there were other
built facilities such…

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68. was built Passive voice misuse Clarity

124

69. been built Passive voice misuse Clarity

70. Some of the trade facilities that have Hard-to-read text Clarity
been built are the conversion of land
functions, which were formerly
125 residential facilities other than in
Tanjung Kelurahan, the development
of trade and services occurs in the
Pane Village, while in the downtown
area, namely Paruga Village,
especially on trad…

71. In this period from → Wordy sentences Clarity

From

72. be seen Passive voice misuse Clarity

73. was dominated Passive voice misuse Clarity

74. the addition of Wordy sentences Clarity

75. as well as → and Wordy sentences Clarity

76. was based Passive voice misuse Clarity

77. between Wordy sentences Clarity

78. is known Passive voice misuse Clarity

79. was located Passive voice misuse Clarity

80. was located Passive voice misuse Clarity

81. In the period 1930-1957, where the Hard-to-read text Clarity

sultanate houses scattered in
residential areas were permanent
and non-permanent houses from the
results of interviews, it is known that
the location of the house in that
period was located in Paruga Village

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where Paruga Village was a landmark

or iconic because th…
124

82. During the period 1974-1986, it was Intricate text Clarity

seen that the distribution of buildings
was directed to the north, namely in
the Nae Village and partly in the Nae
Village.
125
83. was directed Passive voice misuse Clarity

84. was built Passive voice misuse Clarity

85. were built Passive voice misuse Clarity

86. that had been Wordy sentences Clarity

87. been formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

88. the eld of Wordy sentences Clarity

89. lahan Unknown words Correctness

90. both Wordy sentences Clarity

91. This Intricate text Clarity

92. in it Wordy sentences Clarity

93. is usually made Passive voice misuse Clarity

94. To build a toilet in the house, you Hard-to-read text Clarity

must not face the Qibla, and in the
house, there must be a room for
worship or a prayer room because of
the religious nature of the Bima
community, and beside the house, a
kind of Gazebo is usually made for a
family play area, and in speci c
communities, there m…

95. stilts, Punctuation in Correctness

compound/complex sentences

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96. are used Passive voice misuse Clarity

124
97. be done Passive voice misuse Clarity

98. is usually called Passive voice misuse Clarity

99. by orienting the buildings as above Misplaced words or phrases Correctness

125
100. , but the → . However, the Hard-to-read text Clarity

101. been well established Passive voice misuse Clarity

102. have an effect in → Wordy sentences Clarity

affect

103. The people of West Rasanae Unclear sentences Clarity

Subdistrict dominantly have low
interval jobs as much as 85% work as
laborers, domestic workers, and
grocery sellers because the education
of people who are elementary, junior
high, and high school graduates so
that they have an effect in nding a
more stable job.

104. is also classi ed Passive voice misuse Clarity

105. Medium interval jobs, namely Unclear sentences Clarity

government employees, as much as
13% of the jobs are employees, civil
servants, and teachers.

106. one of which is Wordy sentences Clarity

107. is in uenced Passive voice misuse Clarity

108. that has been Wordy sentences Clarity

109. been passed down Passive voice misuse Clarity

110. that have been Wordy sentences Clarity

111. been passed on Passive voice misuse Clarity

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112. Residents who inherit the property of Unclear sentences Clarity

both parents have the responsibility
124
to occupy the land or house so that
the community has no reason to
move, especially those who live in
areas prone to ooding.

113. questionnaire results Wordy sentences Clarity

125

114. People in Wordy sentences Clarity

115. Their parents or their families lived Intricate text Clarity

rst, so that many people were born
and raised in the kelurahan, and there
is no reason for them to move
because the kelurahan is their village.

116. kelurahan Unknown words Correctness

117. kelurahan Unknown words Correctness

118. Government, worship, and commerce Incomplete sentences Correctness

in the vicinity.

119. been formed Passive voice misuse Clarity

120. the period Wordy sentences Clarity

121. the period Wordy sentences Clarity

122. social solid → solid social Misplaced words or phrases Correctness

123. questionnaire results Wordy sentences Clarity

124. Preferences can be formed through 112 1 Determinant Factors of Originality

the mindset of consumers Consumer Preferences in ...
http://journal.feb.unpad.ac.id/ind
ex.php/jbm/article/download/45/
40

125. This research was conducted for four Strategi Public Relations Warung Originality
months, from Kongkow Pasar Lama ...
https://jom. kom.budiluhur.ac.id/
index.php/Pantarei/article/view/5

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06

124

125

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