Siow Yee Thong

0333816 | GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN | ARC61804

Taylor’s University
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction 3-4

Climate 5

Site Planning 6-7

Façade Design 8

Daylighting 9

Natural Ventilation 10

Strategic Landscaping 11-12

Active Green Building Designing 13

References 14
INTRODUCTION
KLANG COMMUNITY CENTER
Klang is a place full of memories and layers of
history. Its community and its culture define the
value of Klang, yet time is constantly moving
forward. With technology introduced and people
of new generation creating the gap, there are also
some initiatives taken to help Klang to preserve its
existing traditions. For instance, painted mural arts
around town or setting up a backpacker hotel to
attract visitors which will increase the economy of
local businesses. Klang has given a sense of
timelessness reflecting in the local community as
the food culture and small businesses are one of
the few charms left that has been maintained and
people needs them because it has already been
imbued in part of their lives. Therefore, the crowd
would only linger around town to pick up their
daily necessities, some cultural meaning is lost.
Nonetheless, the site which I have chosen is
comparatively quiet than site A because of its
landmark KTM station and the vehicular circulation
that does not lead the cars towards site B. As
peaceful as it seems, site B is a sweet spot for a
community center and it is because the site is
located in between the Indian and the Chinese
district. Building a community center will help in
community bonding and attract crowd towards the
site.

Chinese Community

Indian Community
INTRODUCTION
SITE ISSUES
Lack of pedestrian crossing and causes safety issues
The community center must be in the best for pedestrians as there are no traffic lights to stop
interests of the locals and act as the purpose to fast vehicles
educate and entertain the locals/tourist. Hence,
green spaces are incorporated into the
community center with wall art gallery to bring a
relaxing feature to the Klang community. Besides
that, a mini library and multipurpose classrooms
are also designed to educate the locals for their
pastime.

SITE PLAN
Lack of vegetation the lack of vegetation causes heat
around the area and without shades

Traffic congestion with limited amount of carpark and

the amount of tourists/locals causes traffic density
CLIMATE
KLANG WEATHER AVERAGES WIND ROSE
The wind direction
occurs the most with
0-15 km/h from the
southwest direction.
Wind direction plays a
big role as it
contributes to the
ventilation of the
building. Besides that,
it also gives us an idea
to make use of active
green building design.

HOURS OF SUNSHINE AND SUN PATH

On average, the temperatures are always high.
A lot of rain during rainy season falls in the month of January, February, March, April,
May, August, September, October, November and December.
The warmest month is April with an average maximum temperature of 33°C.
The coldest month is January with an average maximum temperature of 31°C.
November is the wettest month.
Whereas June is the driest month and March is the sunniest month.

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
In Klang, the month
with the most daily
Comfort zone of an average
hours of sunshine is in
person is measured with
March. The average
psychrometric chart. The
amount of sun hours
tropical climate in Malaysia is
annually is 2220.0
hot but moist.
hours. Solar radiation
is fairly distributed in
the Klang site with
short shadow length.

Azi/Alt: 94.93° / 61.92°

SITE PLANNING
GENERAL BUILDING ORIENTATION
APPROACH The building is orientated as the neighbor building that
continues the five-foot walkway. The building still receives
The east will receive a fair sunlight, when the sun rises from 7am to 10am because of the
amount of sunlight from sunrise open space planned.
to noon whereas the west
façade will only receive sunlight
from 6pm local time.

The community centre is

situated beside shop lot and an
empty site which indicated
natural lighting and heat will
penetrate the building from the
top during peak hour or the
hottest time of the day.

The open space in the building also allow natural wind to

ventilate into the building.
SITE PLANNING
INTERIOR SPATIAL PLANNING Offices and Roof Top Garden
Collaborative Rooms & Mini Library
Event
Wall Art Gallery & Merchandise

Apart from the building necessity to operate a wall art gallery,

the designed landscape serves the purpose for small business
kiosk or merchandise which ventilates naturally.

The spaces are organized uniformly with grid so it is proportionate responding to the site typology.
Departments can easily expand or move between second to third floor.

The toilets are planned and locate on every floor for sewerage and sanitary system to run properly.

100 mm UPVC vent pipe

2f Pantry Female toilet Male toilet

1f Female toilet Male toilet

gf Female toilet Male toilet

1f scale 1:250
FAÇADE DESIGN
GALVANIZED STEEL
Using galvanized steel for
the façade blocks sunlight
partially while not heating
up the spaces where it can
damage the books. It is low
in cost, maintenance,
reliable and long life.
SOLID WALL
Concrete can last for ages
as it can survive harsh
weather conditions and
natural disasters. It is
resistant to extreme
weathers, rusting, chemical
reactions, fire, erosion,
compressive and tensile
stress, and abrasion.
TEMPERED
GLASS RAILING
Glass is recyclable and
chemically inert, which
makes it an eco-friendly
option for railing
construction.
LOW E INSULATED GLASS
Low e coating means low emissivity coating, can reduce heat passes through the glass. Low
e coating is a solar control coating, has lower emissivity and superior solar control
performance, this coating offers the highest performing solar control. Low e coating allows
short-wave energy to pass while bouncing back out long-wave infrared energy. This allows
for most of the sun's energy to pass through into the building while ensuring minimal
amount of heat in the building is allowed to escape. Insulated glass with low e coating make
the glass a better heat insulator with energy saving performance.
DAYLIGHTING
INDOOR WINDOW The distribution of light is
crucial as it controlled
Diffused light scattered by wide glass window panel daylight as deep as
to light up the interior spaces both ground floor and possible into a building
the first floor . interior. The human eye
can adjust to high levels of
luminance as long as it is
evenly distributed. In
general, light which
reaches a task indirectly
Direct light
such as having bounced
from a white wall, it will
provide better lighting
quality than light which
arrives directly from a
Diffuse light natural or artificial source.

The aim of an efficient

OUTDOOR SUN SHADING daylighting design is not
only to provide
DEVICE illuminance levels that are
sufficient for good
performance, but also to
Overhang protects exterior door and window and it
maintain a comfortable
also protects human from sun heat and reduces
and pleasing atmosphere
glare.
such as glare or excessive
brightness contrast within
the field of view. It is an
aspect of lighting that can
cause discomfort to
occupants. The human
eye can function quite
well if extreme levels of
brightness are present in
the same field of view.
Hence, casement window
is placed on the west side
of the building to reduce
glare.
Pergola with polycarbonate sheets serves the
purpose for users to relax during sunset after
working hour as they are resistant to heat, sunlight
and rain.
NATURAL VENTILATION
HYBRID VENTILATION

Stack Ventilation Cross Ventilation

Evaporative Cooling
The use of vegetation in the
courtyards and rooftop act as
filter and they are good
examples of direct evaporative
cooling techniques.
The openings in the staircase
and the fire escape staircase
expel hot air as natural heat
transfer. It works 24 hours per
day without energy and the
operation does not make noise
and works silently. It works as
an alternative when electricity
is down.
Cross ventilation system relies
on wind to force cool exterior
air into the building through
an inlet in the building in this
case, from the
courtyard/open space and
removes hot air through the
casement window. It increases
the flow of cool air.

1f nts

Natural ventilation allow the

outside ambient weather to
provide low humidity,
moderate temperature wind
currents as an alternate
cooling source for the
building and provide air
circulation throughout. By
using this method, energy
are saved by turning off the
HVAC system when the
temperatures are right.
Natural ventilation can
replace parts of mechanical
system when it is not needed
and reduce construction,
energy and operating costs.
STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING
Asteraceae
Name – Chrysanthemum
Type – annual and
perennial (depending on the
variety)
Height – 15 to 40 inches
(40 to 100 cm)
Exposure – full sun
Soil – ordinary
Flowering – June to
November
Rooftop Garden
The design of rooftop gardens
modify temperature
fluctuations experienced by
roof membranes. Rooftop
gardens can also moderate heat
flow through the roof through
the effects of shading,
insulation and evaporation.
Rooftop gardens delay run-off
and reduce the run-off rate and
volume.
Dalbergia Oliver
Name – Tamalan Tree
Height – 14.6m
Native Habitat – Terrestrial
Preferred Climate Zone –
Tropical
Local Conservation Status -
Exotic
Figure above shows the temperature
of the rooftop garden components
STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING
Rubiaceae
Name – Ixora / West Indian
Jasmine
Plant Type – Broadleaf
Evergreen
Mature Size – 1.8 m tall
Soil Type – Moist but well-
drained
Soil pH - Acidic
Bloom Time – Year round
Tabebuia Rosea
Name – Tecoma
Plant Type – Perennial
Mature Size – 35 m tall
Mode of nutrition –
Autotrophic
Plant Shape – Conical
Native Habitat – Terrestrial
Preferred Climate Zone -
Tropical
Tabernaemontana
Divaricata
Name – Crepe Jasmine
Plant Type – Shrub
Mature Size – 1.8 m tall
Mode of nutrition –
Autotrophic
Preferred Climate Zone –
Tropical
Arecaceae
Name – Pygmy Date Palm
Plant Type – Perennial, Tree
Mature Size – 1.9 m tall
Soil Type – Clay, Loam,
Sand
Soil pH – Acidic
Soil Drainage - Good
Drainage
Grass pavers are one of the
most environmentally-friendly
options available when it comes
to pavement. Grass pavers are
also highly sustainable
compared to impermeable
pavement, as they allow the
passage of stormwater directly
through and into the soil
beneath.
This is preferable to
stormwater being
redirected into our
waterways via
drainage systems
because it can be
naturally and safely
filtered back into the
water table through
the soil, Pollutants are
removed via the
bioremediation
process where
microbial action in the
soil feeds on auto
pollutants and
essentially cleanses
stormwater before it
recharges aquifers
that feed our water
supply.
ACTIVE GREEN BUILDING DESIGN
Active design strategies use purchased energy including electricity and natural gas to keep buildings comfortable.

Solar Power LED Light Bulb

LED is a highly energy efficient lighting technology and has

the potential to fundamentally change the future of lighting
especially ENERGY STAR rated products that use at least
75% less energy, and last 25 times longer, than
incandescent lighting.

The high efficiency and directional nature of LEDs makes

them ideal for many industrial uses. Both CFL and LED
technology can decrease downlight wattage by 75% or
more.
The collected electricity can be sold to the grid to TNB as it’s part of their energy
conservation initiative. Rooftop solar power is helpful in increasing electricity efficiency,
considering the short distance. Solar power systems are durable, thus chances of
service interruption are reduced
Rainwater Harvesting System
1. PV solar panels made up from silicon creates an electric field.
2. It is then converted to AC electricity.
3. When electricity flows, it powers home. Rain
Harvesting is an
effective way
to limit the
Air Conditioning environmental
An inverter Air-Conditioner to be installed damage caused
in small classrooms. It can control motor by stormwater
speed efficiently. Its compressor does not runoff. By
work at full capabilities, hence saving collecting the
energy and cost of electricity units. Thus, it vast majority of
is much more efficient than a non-inverter the water that
AC the heating and cooling are automated lands on your
in a seamless and power-saving manner. roof, rain
harvesting keeps
Power Input (kW) 1.1
this water out of
Cooling Capacity (Btu/hr) 4777 - 43989
stormwater and
Running Current (A) 5.3 thus out of our
Power Supply 230-24- single phase, 50Hz waterways.
Noise Level (Lo-Hi) [dB(A)] 24-38
REFERENCES
Climate and average monthly weather in Klang (Selangor), Malaysia. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://weather-and-climate.com/average-
monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine,klang-selangor-my,Malaysia

Daylighting - Daylight, Energy and Indoor Climate Book. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://www.velux.com/what-we-do/research-and-
knowledge/deic-basic-book/daylight/daylighting?consent=preferences,statistics,marketing&ref-original=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

Flora Fauna Web. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb

How solar power works - on-grid, off-grid and hybrid systems — Clean Energy Reviews. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from
https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/2014/5/4/how-solar-works

Natural Ventilation Definition - What it Means | Moffitt Corporation. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://www.moffittcorp.com/natural-
ventilation-definition/

Psychrometric Chart Use. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://extension.psu.edu/psychrometric-chart-use

Rainwater harvesting system | Description, Uses, Quality, & Configurations. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from
https://www.britannica.com/technology/rainwater-harvesting-system

What is Low-E Glass & Does it Make Windows Energy Efficient? - ~. (2021). Retrieved 12 July 2021, from https://www.stanekwindows.com/what-is-
low-e-glass-and-does-it-make-windows-more-energy-efficient.aspx