เอก ารแบบฝึก ัด

เรื่อง เลขยกกาลังและค่าราก

ิชาคณิต า ตร์พื้นฐาน ค 32103

ชั้นมัธยม ึก าปีที่ 5
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4
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 f-
- 21 -- เลขยกกาลัง
เอกสารประกอบการเรียน
หน่วยการเรียนรูท้ ี่ 1 เรื่องเลขยกกาลังที่มีเลขชี้ กาลังเป็ นจานวนตรรกยะ
ผลการเรียนรูท้ ี่คาดหวัง
1. มีความคิดรวบยอดเกี่ยวกับจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปเลขยกกาลังที่มีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ นจานวนตรรกยะ
2. เข้ าใจความหมายและหาผลลัพธ์ท่เี กิดจากการบวก การลบ การคูณ การหารจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปเลขยก
กาลังที่มีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ นจานวนตรรกยะได้
3. ประมาณค่าจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปเลขยกกาลังโดยใช้ วิธที ่เี หมาะสมได้

การบวก ลบ คูณ และหารเลขยกกาลัง

1. จงเขียนเลขยกกาลังต่อไปนี้ให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่าย และมีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ นบวก
2 4 1 1 2
1) 36 6 4) 3 2
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
1 1
2 2
5 4
2) 2 2 2 5) 1 1
5 4
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
1 1
4 5 3
2 8 6)
3) 2
6 ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
......................................................

2. กาหนดให้ a , b , c , x , y และ z เป็ นจานวนจริงที่ไม่เท่ากับศูนย์ จงทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่ายและมีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ น

บวก
4x4 y6 9x3 z6 4 a 2b 3 2
a 4b 3 2
1) 2)
6 z 5 12 y 7 3a 4b3
...................................................... ......................................................

-__→
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................

5
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 _
-2- เลขยกกาลัง
2 2 2 2
15a 2b 3 c 5 x 1y x 4 y2
3) 4)
125a 5b 3 c 8 z3 z4
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
3. กาหนดให้ x และ y เป็ นจานวนจริงบวก และ n เป็ นจานวนเต็มบวก จงทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่ายและมีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ น
บวก
1 2
1) x n 1 x n y2n 1
x1 2n 3)
x n 1 y2n
......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
......................................................
4 2
12x 2 n 2 1 2 2n 6 n 4 4 1
2) 4) x y 3n 1 2n 3
6x n 2 2x 2 n x y
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................

4. กาหนดให้ n เป็ นจานวนเต็มบวก จงหาคาตอบของแต่ละข้ อต่อไปนี้ให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่าย

n2 2 2n 3 2 2 n n2
1) 7 7 7
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
2) 64
n 1
24 2 2n
9 1 n
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................
......................................................

6
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 •
-3- เลขยกกาลัง
n 2
9 32 n 1
81n 1
3 2n 4 2n 1
3) 7)
34 n 4
2n 2n 1
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
......................................................
3n 3
21 n 2
9n 2
36 9 n 1
4) 8)
35 1 n
5n 1
9n
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
11 4 n 2 4 n 1
n 2 9)
4 22 n 1 8 n 1
4n 2 4n 4
5) ......................................................
23 n 2
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... 2n 2 2n 1
3 2n 2
10) n ...........
2n 3
6 n 2
2 2 2n 1
3 2n 2
6) n 1
15 5n 1 ...........................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
...................................................... ......................................................
......................................................

5. จงเรียงลาดับของจานวนต่อไปนี้จากน้ อยไปมาก
10 1000 100
1) 1000 , 10 , 100
....................................................................................................................................
34 43 23 32
2) 2 , 2 , 4 , 4
....................................................................................................................................

7
 Mogg บท#1 เลขยก)*งและ.าราก

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10
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -0A
-9- เลขยกกาลัง
โจทย์เกี่ยวกับเลขยกกาลัง
10. จงหาค่าของ
x
x 2
1) ถ้ า x เป็ นจานวนเต็มบวก และ 9 16 แล้ ว มีค่าเท่าใด
3
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x x
2) ถ้ า x เป็ นจานวนเต็มบวก และ 32 5 แล้ ว 2 มีค่าเท่าใด
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x 3x
3) ถ้ า x เป็ นจานวนเต็มบวก และ 4 5 จงหาค่าของ 2
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x 1 2x
4) ถ้ า 8
27 จงหาค่าของ 4
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
11 1 1 1 1
5) ถ้ า m 16 จงหาค่าของ m 16 [ m{ m( m ) 2 }2 ]2
2

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
m m 2m 2m
6) ถ้ า m 0 และ 2 2 3 จงหาค่าของ 2 2
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

11
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -
- 10 - เลขยกกาลัง
สมการต่าง ๆ เกี่ยวกับเลขยกกาลัง
แบบที่ 1 สมการที่มีฐานเป็ นตัวแปรและมีกาลังเป็ นเศษส่วน
11. จงแก้ สมการต่อไปนี้
2
1) จงแก้ สมการ x 3 16
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3
2) จงแก้ สมการ x2 8
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3
3) จงแก้ สมการ x 2 8
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3
3
4) จงแก้ สมการ x 6x 2 16 0
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

แบบที่ 2 สมการที่อ้างกาลังเป็ นศูนย์

x 3
5) จงแก้ สมการ 2 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

12
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 e-
- 11 - เลขยกกาลัง
2x 5 2x 5
6) จงแก้ สมการ 2 3
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2 2 4x 4 6x 7 2x 1
7) จงแก้ สมการ m n m n m n
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2x 2x 2x 2x
8) จงแก้ สมการ 25 25 21 21 35 35 15 15
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

แบบที่ 3 สมการอยู่ในรูป aa 1 อ้าง a = 1

x
9) จงแก้ สมการ x 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3x 1
10) จงแก้ สมการ 3 x 1 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

1 2x
1
11) จงแก้ สมการ
2x 1 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

13
 -
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 - 12 - เลขยกกาลัง
x 2x
12) จงแก้ สมการ 2 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

x 1 x 1 x 1
13) จงแก้ สมการ x 1 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

f x
แบบที่ 4 รูปแบบสมการ a ag x
f x g x ถ้ า a 0 , a 1
x
14) จงแก้ สมการ 5 125 625 1
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

3x 7 7x 3
3 7
15) จงแก้ สมการ
7 3
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

2x 8 0.25
16) จงแก้ สมการ 0.125 4
2
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

14
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -
- 13 - เลขยกกาลัง
17) จงแก้ สมการ 52 x 1 5x 1 250
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x x x
18) จงแก้ สมการ 9 6 2 4
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x 1 x x 1 x x 1
19) จงแก้ สมการ 6 6 2 2 2
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
x x 1 x 2 x 3
20) จงแก้ สมการ 2 2 2 2 60
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

15
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -
- 17 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
เอกสารประกอบการเรียน
หน่วยการเรียนรูท้ ี่ 2 เรือ่ งรากที่ n ของจานวนจริงและจานวนจริงทีอ่ ยู่ในรูปกรณฑ์
ผลการเรียนรูท้ ี่คาดหวัง
1. มีความคิดรวบยอดเกี่ยวกับจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปเลขยกกาลังที่มีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ นจานวนตรรกยะ
2. เข้ าใจความหมายและหาผลลัพธ์ท่เี กิดจากการบวก การลบ การคูณ การหารจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปกรณฑ์ได้
3. ประมาณค่าจานวนจริงที่อยู่ในรูปกรณฑ์โดยใช้ วิธที ่เี หมาะสมได้

การบวก ลบ คูณ และหาร จานวนที่อยู่ในรูปกรณฑ์

1. จงหารากที่สอง และค่าหลักของรากที่สองของจานวนที่กาหนดให้
1) 121
..................................................
..................................................
2) 576
..................................................
..................................................
3) 72
..................................................
..................................................
4) 243
..................................................
..................................................
5) 1,225
..................................................
..................................................
6) 1,849
..................................................
..................................................

2. จงหารากที่สามและค่าหลักของรากที่สามของจานวนจริงที่กาหนดให้
1) 27
..................................................
..................................................
2) 216
..................................................
..................................................
3) 1,331
..................................................
..................................................
4) –1,000
..................................................
..................................................
5) –343
..................................................
..................................................
6) 1,728
..................................................
..................................................

3. จงหาคาตอบของ
3
1) 400 3) 729
....................................................... .......................................................
....................................................... .......................................................

2) 36 25 4) 3 125 27
....................................................... .......................................................
....................................................... .......................................................

16
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 A-
- 18 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
169 5
243
5) 6)
4,225 1,024
....................................................... .......................................................
....................................................... .......................................................
....................................................... .......................................................

4. กาหนดให้ x , y และ z เป็ นจานวนจริง จงทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่ายและมีเลขชี้กาลังเป็ นบวก

1) 81x 2 y 4 = ....................................................................................................
2) 5 4 x4 y6 z8 = ....................................................................................................
5
3) 2 65 910 47 = ....................................................................................................
3
x 6 y9
4) = ....................................................................................................
z 3
5) x 2 2xy y2 = ....................................................................................................

5. จงหาผลสาเร็จในแต่ละข้ อต่อไปนี้
1) 2 128 18 4 32
........................................................ 5) 3 2 2 2 3 2
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................
32 18
2) 3 4
9 25 2 50 6) 3 7 4 3 7 4
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................

x 1 x2 1 x 1 7) 2 7 4 2 3 7 6 2
3)
x 1 x2 1 x 1 ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................
2
4) 3 2 4 3 2 2 8) 3 2
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................
........................................................ ........................................................

17
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 B-
- 19 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
โจทย์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกรณฑ์
รูปแบบที่ 1 ทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่าย
1. จงทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่าย
1) 20 ................................................................................................................................
2) 48 ................................................................................................................................
3) 3 24 ................................................................................................................................
4) 3 16 ............................................................................................................................
5) 32x 3 ............................................................................................................................
6) 64x 4 ............................................................................................................................
3
7) 8x ...............................................................................................................................
8) 200 128 72 ......................................................................................................
3
9) 16 3 54 3 128 ....................................................................................................
10) 4 x 3 16 x 5 x 9 ..................................................................................................
1 1
11) 3 147 7 11
27 3 .................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
5 x
12) 2 x 3 5 x 5 5 ..................................................................................................
x
x 1 x 1 5 x2 1
13) x 1 3 x 1 ..................................................................................
x2 1
....................................................................................................................................................

14) 2 2 2 2 2 ............................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
4 7
3
15) x 3 x 2 x ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
64 n 16 2 n
16) n ...................................................................................................................
32 n 8 n
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................

18
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -8
- 20 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
2. จงพิจารณาข้ อความต่อไปนี้ว่าถูกหรือผิด
3
.......... 1) 9 82 4
16 5
1
3 4 3 1
.......... 2) 0.125 0.04 121 1989
3
2 3 1
24 81 9 8
.......... 3) 2 2
3 1 1 0 1 9
125 5 3 2
1 16 4 3
.......... 4) ถ้ า x 0 แล้ ว
3
x y2 6
x 5 3
y 4
x 2 6
y 1
x x y
.......... 5) ถ้ า x 1 แล้ ว x 2 2x 1 x 2 2x 1 x2 2x 1 2

รูปแบบที่ 2 การทาตัวส่วนไม่ให้ ติดกรณฑ์ หรือทาเศษไม่ให้ ติดกรณฑ์ รวมทั้งการหาค่าและการพิสจู น์

1. จงทาตัวส่วนไม่ให้ ติดกรณฑ์
1
1)
3 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3
2)
7 5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
2
3)
2 3 3 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
6 5
4)
6 5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3 3 2 2
5)
3 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

19
 B-
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 - 21 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
10 6 2 7
6)
3 6 2 7
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
1
7)
2 3 5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
10 5 3
8)
3 10 5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
7 5 7 5
9)
7 5 7 5
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
15 10
10)
5 3 5 3
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
11) 3 1 3
a b
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

12) 3 1 3
a b
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

20
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5
As
- 23 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
2. จงทาให้ อยู่ในรูปอย่างง่าย
1 1 1 1
1) ...
1 2 2 3 3 4 48 49
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
3 6
2)
17 3 2 32 3 18 4 48
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

5 3 5 3 2
3. กาหนดให้ x และ y จงหาค่าของ x 3 xy y2
5 3 5 3
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

3 2 3 2 2
4. กาหนดให้ m และ n จงหาค่าของ m n2
3 2 3 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

21
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5
- 26 -
รากที่สองของจานวนที่อยู่ในรูป x
1. จงหารากที่สองของจานวนในแต่ละข้ อต่อไปนี้
1) 10 2 24
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
2) 13 2 40
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
3) 28 6 3
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
4) 38 12 10
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
5) 7 40
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
6) 77 5,400
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
A-
รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
2 y
7) 6 35
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
8) 175 147
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
9) 27 7 5
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
10) 48 45
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
22
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5
2. จงหาค่าของจานวนต่อไปนี้
1) 10 2 21
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
2) 1 21 12 3
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
3) 4 5 17 4 15
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
4) 4 2 6 2 5
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
5) 27 8 17 12 2 28 6 3
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
3. ค่าของ 19 4 21 7 12
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
A-
- 27 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
6) 48 8 80 18 7 40
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
6 2 5
7)
2 14 6 5
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
3 5
8)
2 7 3 5
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
29 2 28 มีค่าเท่าใด
23
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -
- 28 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
4. จงหาค่าของ 3 5 2 3 5 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
5. จงหาค่า x จากสมการ x 2 2x 5 x 2 3 2x 5 7 2
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................

สมการที่อยู่ในรูปกรณฑ์
จงหาเซตคาตอบของสมการในแต่ละข้ อต่อไปนี้
3
1. x 3 2 4. x3 8 x 2

2. 3 x 2 7 10 5. 3
2x 1 6
x 1

3
3. 6x 9 8 5 6. x 1 x 2

24
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 -
- 29 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
3
7. 4x 5 x x 3 0 11. 2x 3 1 x

x 9 x 5
12.
x 6 x 13
8. x 1 3 x x 2

13. 4x 8 1 2x 5
2
9. 1 x x 24 x 1

x 1 1 x
14. 3
x 1 1 x
45
10. x 5 x 4
x 4

25
คณิตศาสตร์ ม.5 e-
- 30 - รากที่ n ของจานวนจริง
4
15.
x x 1 5 18. x 2 17 3
x x 1 11

19. 8 x x 8 x
2 2
16. x 6 x 2x 5 11 2x

2
20. x 1 1
17. 4 x 1 2 x
2
6 x 2 x 2 2x x 1

26