What is Java ?

Java is a programming language and a platform. Java is a high level, robust, object-
oriented and secure programming language.

Platform: Any hardware or software environment in which a program runs, is known as a

platform. Since Java has a runtime environment (JRE) and API, it is called a platform.

Java is expressly designed for use in the distributed environment of the internet.

Why we need to use java ?

Java is one of the most popular programming languages used to create Web applications
and platforms. It was designed for flexibility, allowing developers to write code that would run on any
machine, regardless of architecture or platform.

Java is used to build applications and platforms for a number of devices, including
computers, laptops, gaming consoles, Blu-ray players, car navigation systems, medical
monitoring devices, parking meters, lottery terminals and smartphones. It is also a key language
for networking, particularly for data centers that store and transfer Web-based data.

How does Java works ?

JVM(Java Virtual Machine) acts as a run-time engine to run Java applications. JVM is the
one that actually calls the main method present in a java code. JVM is a part of JRE(Java
Runtime Environment).

To achieve its goal of "Write once, run anywhere," Java does both: a Java compiler
converts Java code into machine-readable bytecode, then the Java Virtual Machine interprets
the code for the computer it runs on.

Where is java used in real world ?

Real-World Java Applications

There are many places where Java is used in the real world, starting from a commercial e-
commerce website to android apps, from scientific application to financial applications like
electronic trading systems, from games like Minecraft to desktop applications like Eclipse,
Netbeans, and IntelliJ, from an open-source library to J2ME apps.

 Mobile Applications
 Desktop GUI Applications
 Web-based Applications
  Enterprise Applications
 Scientific Applications
 Gaming Applications
 Data technologies
 Business Applications
 Distributed Applications
 Cloud-based Application

Advantages of java :

 Java is easy to learn. Java was designed to be easy to use and is therefore easy to write,
compile, debug, and learn than other programming languages.
 Java is object-oriented.This allows you to create modular programs and reusable code.
 Java is platform-independent.One of the most significant advantages of Java is its ability
to move easily from one computer system to another. The ability to run the same
program on many different systems is crucial to World Wide Web software, and Java
succeeds at this by being platform-independent at both the source and binary levels.

Because of Java's robustness, ease of use, cross-platform capabilities and security

features, it has become a language of choice for providing worldwide Internet solutions.

Disadvantages of java :

1 . Java is slow and has a poor performance

Java is memory-consuming and significantly slower than native languages such as C or C++. It is
also slow compared to other languages like C and C++ because each code has to be interpreted
to the machine level code. This slow performance is due to the extra level of compilation and
abstraction by the JVM. Moreover, sometimes the garbage collector leads in the poor
performance of Java as it consumes more CPU time

2. Java provides not so attractive look and feels of the GUI

Though there are many GUI builders in Java for creating the graphical interface still they are not
suitable for creating complicated UI. There are many inconsistencies while using them. There
are many popular frameworks such as Swing, SWT, JavaFX, JSF for creating GUI. But they are
not mature enough to develop a complex UI. Choosing one of them which can be suitable for
you may require additional research.

3. Java provides no backup facility

Java mainly works on storage and not focuses on the backup of data. This is a major drawback
that makes it lose the interest and ratings among users.

4. Java requires significant memory space

Java requires a significant or major amount of memory space as compared to other languages
like C and C++. During the execution of garbage collection, the memory efficiency and the
performance of the system may be adversely affected.