{ UNIT1: THE PRESENT TENSES 1 Present Simple Form: Positive Subject + Verb + Object ... © We drink coffe every morning. «She speaks three languages © [get up early every morning. Negative Subject + do/does +not + Verb + Object... © We do not drink coffee every morning. © She does not speak three languages. * [do not get up early every moming. ues Do/does + Subject + Verb + Object... © Do we drink coffee every morning? © Does she speak three languages? © Do you get up early every morning? n Use: We use it to express: 1- A habit (Action that happens again and again.) & He smokes ten cigarettes per day. & My family has lunch at 12 o’ clock. 2- A fact which is true. & The sun rises in the east. & She comes from Cambodia. 3- A fact which is true for a long time. & They work for a publisher. & ma pupil. ee: | p Page: HoitProGréss eyNote: When frequency adverbs are used with the third person singular, the spelling rules of adding -s, -es, -ies to the main verb stay the same © She often comes late. (Don’t say: She often come late) © He always carries many book to school. (Don't say: He always carry. * Mike usually gets home about 6 o'clock. (Don’t say: Mike usually get home...) Detail forms of Present Simple | Positive: VYou/We/They work in bank. He/She/It/Peter works Negative: VYou/We/They don't work in bank, He/She/It/Peter doesn’t work Question: Do VYowWe/They work in bank? Does He/She/It/Peter work Short answer © Does she have a ruler? Yes, she does. * Do you like fishing? Yes, I do. No, I doesn't. Question word © What do you teach in Cambridge? Iteach literature. © Where does he come from? He come from Cambodia. Page: HoiitProGréss |1.2 Present Continuous Form: Positive Subject + anvis/are + Verb -ing + Object............... © You are working hard today. © She is having a shower at the moment. © They are playing very well Negative Subject + am/is/are + not + Verb —ing + Object.. © You are not working hard today. © She is not having a shower at the moment. © They are not playing very well. Question Am/is/are + Subject + Verb -ing + Object.. © Are you working hard today? * Is she having a shower at the moment? © They are not playing very well? Use: The Present Continuous tense is used to express: 1- An activity that is happening now. ‘& My brother is doing exercises. & They are playing volleyball. 2- An activity happening around now but, at the moment of speaking. * Mr. Kimhout is studying history in Dubai. ‘4 We are reading a good book. 3- A planned future arrangement. & Tam moving to a new flat next Sunday. 4 My friends and I are visiting Angkor Wat next month. Notes: if you say a person is always doing sth, or sth is always happening, you mean that they do it, or happens, very often, and this is annoying. Page: HoiitPreGréss© You are always making noise. © That taxi-driver is always driving so fast. Detail forms of Present Continuous Positive: I am You/We/They are swimming in the sea. He/She/It/Peter_ is Negativ I am You/We/They are not swimming in the sea. He/She/It/Peter is Question: Am I Are you/we/they swimming in the sea? Is he/she/it/Peter Short answer: © Is she cooking meals? Yes, she is. No, she isn't. © Are they pla vying at the moment? Yes, they are. No, they aren't, Question world © What are you looking for? Tam looking for calculator. * Which hotel is he staying in? He's staying in the Grand Hotel Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kembuat1.3 Present Perfect Simple Form: Positive Subject + have/has + past participle + Object. © She has moved since 2003 ¢ We have learned English at Build Bright University. That factory has produced a large number of leather clothes. Negative Subject + have/has + not + past participle + Object... © She has not moved since 2003. © We have not learned English at Build Bright University. That factory has not produced a large number of leather clothes. Question Have/has + Subject + not + past participle + Object... © Has she moved since 2003? © Have we learned English at Build Bright University? © Has that factory produced a large number of leather clothes? Use: The Present Perfect is used to express: 1- An action that happened in the past and continues until now. & Thave known him for four years. & She has left London for Christmas. 2- A past action that has result in the present. 4 He has broken his leg. (He can’t walk now.) & We have run for an hour. (We're tired now.) 3- An experience that happened at sometime of someone's life. Our instructor has travelled all over the world. & Mr. Kimhout has been an engineer. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kinkuot os |Note: been to and goes to * My mother has been to Cambodia. (She’s returned. She is in Malaysia now) * My mother has goes to Malaysia, (She hasn’t returned, She is still in Malaysia now) Detail forms of Present Perfect Simple Positive: VYou/We/They have eaten. a bow! of soup. He/she/It/Peter has Negative: V/You/We/They | have not eaten a bowl of soup. He/She/It/Peter | has Question: Have T/you/we/they eaten a bowl of soup? Has he/she/it/Peter Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kimluct | s |Short answer o Has he ever won a match? Yes, he has. No, he hasn't. o Have you talked to Dave? Yes, I have. No, [ haven't. > Just, yet, already, ever and never can be used in The Present Perfect Simple. o Have you ever played table tennis? © I’ve just washed my hands. o We’ve already finished the exercise. o She hasn't learned to drive yet. o They’ve never visited the pyramid. » We use for with a period of time and since with a point of time. © I’ve taught English for nine years. © I’ve taught English since 2003 Page: HoiitProGréss1.4 Present Perfect Continuous Form: Positive Subject + have/has + been + Verb — ing + Object.......... @ Thave been learning English for three years * People have been sending emails since 1970s. He has not been working in this bank for almost five years Negative Subject + have/has + not + been + Verb — ing + Object... [have not been learning English for three years. @ People have not been sending emails since 1970s. © He has not been working in this bank for almost five years. Juestion Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb — ing + Object.. Have I been learning English for three years? Have people been sending emails since 1970? © Has he been working in this bank for almost five years? Use: We use it to express: 1- Unfinished past 4 [have been leaming English for three years. + She has been working in that bank since she was a fresher. 2- Present result & You have been crying (your eyes are red.) + Her husband has been working all day. (He’s exhausted now) 3- Indefinite past 4 She's never been abroad. + Have you ever taken any illegal drugs? Notes: The verbs that have idea of along time, for example learn, play, rain, wait, work, stay, try, etc are often used in the Present Perfect Continuous. The Present Perfect Continuous is more common. Page: HoiitProGréssUNIT2: THE PAST TENSES 2.1 Past Simple Form: Positive Use: Subject + Verb + Object.......... We went to the theatre last night. She cooked lots of food for dinner yesterday. Steve jobs died in October 2019. Negative Subject + did + not + Verb; + Object... © We did not go to the theatre last night. © She did not cook lots of food for dinner yesterday. © Steve jobs did not die in September 2019. Question Did + Subject + Verb; + Object... © Did we go to the theatre last night? * Did she cook lots of food for dinner yesterday? © Did Steve jobs die in October 2019? We use the Simple past tense to express: 1- A finished action in the past. & The modern Olympic Games started in 2019. + Columbus discovered America in 2018. 2- Action which follow each other in a story. + [heard a voice coming from downsiairs, so I put on my dressing-gown and went to investigate. 3- A past state or habit. & When I was a child, we lived in a small house by the sea. Every day I walked for miles on the beach with my dog. Page: HoiitPreGréss By Hong KinbuotNotes: We often use “used to” for a habit. # Lused to smoke a packet of cigarettes per day. # He used to play tennis with me. Page: HoiitProGréssDetail forms of Past Simple Positive: T/You/We/They played tennis yesterday. He/She/It/ Peter Negative: I/ You / We/They didnot play tennis yesterday. He/She / It/ Peter Question: I/ you / we/ they Did play tennis yesterday? he/ she /it / Peter Short answer e Did you inform them the change of schedule? Yes, she did. I she didn’t. © Did she clean the house? Yes, she did. No, she didn't. Question word © When did they divorce? They divorce in 2029. © Who did you talk to yesterday? I talked to my friend, Steven. Page: HoiitPreGréss By Hong Renbast( 2.2 Past Continuous Form: Subject + was/were + Verb — ing + Object. + We were listening to the news of Radio Free Asia at 6:30 AM this morning. « He was living with Jame for the last two years. « That man was helping me during the fight. Negative Subject + was/were + not + Verb — ing + Object... © We were not listening to the news of Radio free Asia at 6:30 AM this morning. © He was not living with Jame for the last two years. © That man was not helping me during the fight. Question Was/Were + Subject + Verb — ing + Object. © Were we listening to the news of Radio Free Asia at 6:30 AM this morning? Was he living with Jame for the last two years? © Was that man helping you during the fight? Use: The past continuous is used: 1- To express an interrupted past activity. + Iwas having lunch when she arrived. + When they were playing football, started to rain. 2- To express an activity that has duration. + She met me while she was living in New York. 4 You were drinking a log of alcohol last night. 3- To express an activity in progress before, and probably after, a particular time in the past & When I woke up this morning the sun was shining. & There was loud noise in your house last night. What were you doing? Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kialusot | 2 |Detail forms of Past Continuous Positive: You / We / They were p____"_} _ waiting Jack yesterday. V/ He/ She / It /Peter was Negative: You/ We /They were not waiting | Jack yesterday. 1/He/ She / It /Peter | was Question: Were you/ we/ they 7 b+ waiting Jack yesterday? Was I/ he /she /it / Peter Short answer e Were they dancing at 8:30 last night? Yes, they were. No, they wasn't. © Was she having a good time in Paris? Yes, she was. No, she wasn't. Question word © Which university were you study at? I was studying at Build Bright University. e What was he doing, when the phone rang? He was doing a wash. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kembuot | 13 |2.3 Past Perfect Simple Form: Subject + had + Verb3 + Object... © She had cooked food when we arrived. © The film has finished when John came. # He had gone when the game started. Negative Subject + had + not + Verbs + Object... # She had not cooked food when we arrived. The film had not finished when John came * He had not gone when the game started, Question Had + Subject + Verb 3+ Object © Had she cooked food when we arrived? * Had the film finished when John came? * Had he gone when the game started? Use: The past perfect is used: 1- To look bank toa time in the past and refer to an action that happened before then. It had completed before another action happed. > She had cooked food when I arrived. After the guests had left, I started tidying up. 2- To refer to definite as well as indefinite time, + He knew my face immediately. He had first met me in February 2005.(Definite) + I recognized his face. I had seen him somewhere before. ( Indefinite) Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong KombatDetail forms of Past Perfect Simple Positive: I/ You / We /They He / She /It /Peter had left home. Negative: I/ You / We/ They had not left He / She /It /Peter home. Question: 1/ You/ We/ They Had left He/She / It / Peter home? Short answer: « Had you graduated when you got your job? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. Had they taken any medicine? Yes, they had. No, they hadn’t. Page: HotitProGréss ey eg Kina y2.4 Past Perfect Continuous Form: Positive Subject + had + been + Verb — ing + Object. «He had been teaching English at Cambridge School for years. # She had been working hard before she left for her holiday. « My father had been telling me a folk tale. Negative Subject + had + not + been + Verb — ing + Object... # You had not been teaching English at Cambridge school for years. ¢ She had not been working hard before she left for her holiday. * My father had not been telling me a folk tale. Question Had + Subject + been + Verb — ing + Object... # Had you been teaching English at Cambridge School for years? «Had she been working hard before she left for her holiday? «Had your father been telling you a folk tale? + It is used to express: 1- Something that been happening for a period of time something else happened. * Thad been waiting for 40 minutes before the bus came. * We had been playing tennis for an hour when it started to rain very heavily. Page: HoiitProGréssForm: Use: Page: HodtProGréss 3, Fon Xntue WE UNIT3: THE FUTURE TENSES 3.1 Future Simple Subject + will + Verb + Object. ¢ You will see Rosaline at the Party. She will move to his new house next month, ¢ He will leave me alone. Negative Subject + will + not + Verb + Object * You will not see Rosaline at the party. © She will not move to his new house next month. © My father had not been telling me a folk tale. Question Will + Subject + Verb + Object. e Will you see Rosaline at the party? Will she move to his new house next month? e Will he leave me alone’? We use “will” (future simple) to express: 1- A plan, decision or intention made at the moment of speaking. (Haven't prepared yet.) * What would you like to drink? I'll have an orange juice please. © There's a new school nearby the village. Oh! I'll go to study there. 2- Willis one of a Modal Auxiliary verbs and is used in different functions: A. / Offering (=I'll help you carrying those bangs.) B, / Request (=will you open the window?) C. / Promise (=I'll love you for ever.) D. / Refusal (=his car won't start.)Notes: I and We are used with “shall”. (But also with will) Detail forms of Future Simple Positive: I/ You/ We/ They . . pil watch TV tonight. He / She / It / Peter Negative: T/ You/ We /They will not watch TV tonight. He / She / It / Peter Question: I/ you / we / they Will watch TV tonight? he / he/ it / Peter Short answer * Will you go to the theatre with me tonight? Yes, I will. No, I won't © Will he come to visit us next week? Yes, he will. No, he won't. Question word © When will you complete the assignment? Ok! I'll complete it on Monday next week. © What will she cook for dinner? Well, she'll cook beef and some vegetables. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kenhut |e |3.2 Future Continuous Form: Positive Subject + will + be + Verb — ing + Object. This time next week I will be training for the race. She will be waiting for you here from 7:30 to 11:00 tomorrow. They will be having a meeting tomorrow at 8 AM Negative Subject + will + not + Verb —ing + Object..... This time next week I will not be training for the race. ¢ She will not be waiting for you here from 7:30 to 11:00 tomorrow. © They will not be having a meeting tomorrow at 8 AM. uestion Will + Subject + be + Verb + Object. 2 This time next week will I be training for the race? e Will she be waiting for you here from 7:30 to 11:00 tomorrow? e Will they be having a meeting tomorrow at 8 AM? Use: It is used to express: 1-An action that will be continuing at particular time in the future. I'll be lying on the beach and swimming in the sea. > We will be dancing at the birthday party of our friend tonight. & There will be a party tonight. They will be making noise all night again. Page: HoatProGréss By Hg Rink3.2 Future Perfect Simple Form: Positive Use Subject + will/shall + have +Verb3 + Object........... #By next June I will have participated in four Olympics. We shall have arrived home. She will have left the house when | arrive. Negative Subject + will/shall + not + have + Verbs + Object.......-+ ¢ By next June I will not have participated in four Olympics. © We shall not have arrived home. © She will not left the house when I arrive. Question Will+ Shall + Sub+ have + Verbs + Object.......... 2 * By next June will I have participated in four Olympics? Shall we have arrived home? © Will she have lefi the house when I arrive? : The Future perfect is used to express 1- An action that will be completed before a particular time in the future, & The football match will have finished before you come. + The film will have started by the time we go to the cinema. + By next week I will have done my assignment. By Hong Kimhuot Page: HoiitProGréss3.4 Future Perfect Continuous Form Positive Subject + will/shall + have been + Verb -ing . © They will have been taking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives. James will have been working in Cambodia for a year by the time he leaves. © We shall have been studying English when we graduate, Negative Subject + will/shall + not + have been + Verb -ing ........... © They will not have taking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives. Jams will not have been working in Cambodia for a year by the time he leaves. © We shall not have been studying English when we graduate. Question Will / Shall + Sub + have been + Verb —ing.... © Will they have been taking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives? © Will James have been working in Cambodia for a year by the time he leaves? Shall we have been studying English when we graduate? Use: Future Perfect Continuous is used to 1- Express the duration of time that has occurred before a specific time in the future. * He will have been living in Paris for two hours next Monday morning. * Iwill have been living in Paris for two months * [hope she will have been cleaning the house by the time I return Page: HolitProGréss By Hoag KimbuatBe going to Sub +be going to+ Vi +....... Be going to : is to used to show a future activity which has already decided or Intended to do before taking. It is more common in speaking. She’s going to finish this exercise soon. We're going to play tennis this weekend. This food looks horrible, I’m not going to eat it, I'm going to pursue a Master of Arts at Build Bright University. A: What is she going to wear to the party? B: I’m going to wear a short dress. A: What are you going to do this afternoon? B: I’m going to work or my reports. UNIT4: THE PASSIVE VOICE Active voice means: The subject does the action and object receives the action. She drinks water. They will build a new museum, My teacher German. He loved me. I smoke cigarettes. We play guitar. Passive voice means: The subject receives the action and object does the action. Water is drunk by her. A new museum will be built. German is taught by my teacher. Cigarettes are smoked by me. Guitar is played by us. Page: HoiitPreGréss By Hong Kinhuct | 22 |Note: 1- The use of passive is the same in active. 2- Very often by and the agent are omitted in passive sentences. A-The agent is not important. Basic Speaking was first printed in 2006. e These banks were rebuilt in 1999, B- The agent is not known. © Ithas been made of gold ¢ Two men were killed during the war. C-We understand who the agent the war. « [was fined $10 for speeding ¢ Her house was burgled last week. Page: HoiitPraGréss By Houg Kimbuot4.1 Present Simple Passive Positive: | Sub + am /is / are + V3 + Object. English is spoken all over the world. These tables are made by my father’s friend. He’s a carpenter. This room is cleened every day. Negative: | Sub + am /is / are + not + V3 + Object... English is not spoken all over the world. These tables are made by my father’s friend. This room is not cleaned every day. Question: | Am /Is/ Are+ Sub + V3 + Object... Ts English spoken all over the world? Are these tables made by my father’s friend? Is this room cleaned every day? 4.2 Present Continuous Passive + Object Positive: | Sub + am /is/ are + being + © We are being followed © My caris being cleaned. © She is being taught to cook. Negative: | Sub + am /is / are + not + being + V3 + Object....... * We are not being followed. My car is not being cleaned. © She is not being taught to cook Question: | Am /is / are + being + V3 + Object. e Are we being followed? Is your car being cleaned? Is she being taught to cook? Page: HoiitProGréss By Fong Kenbuat | 23 |4.3 Present Perfect Pa: ive Positive: | Sub + has/have + been + V3+....... * Ihave been bitten by a dog. Electrical goods have been exported to Cambodia. © His car has just been fixed. Negative:| Sub + has/have + not + been + V3+...ceeee © Ihave not been bitten by a dog. Electrical goods have not been exported to Cambodia. His car has not been fixed yet. Question: Has/Have + Sub + been+ V3 +...... Have I been bitten by a dong? Have electrical goods been exported to Cambodia’? Has his car just been fixed? . 3 Past iple Passive Positive: | Sub + was/were + V3 + Object +... Those house were rebuilt after World War II. The airplane was invented in 1903. Both men were honoured in their lifetime. Negative:| Sub + was/were + not + V3 + Objectt. Those house were not rebuilt after World War II. ‘The airplane was not invented in 1914. Both men were not honoured in their lifetime. Question:| Was /Were + sub + V3 + Object. 2 © Were those houses rebuilt after World War II? © Was the airplane invented in 1903? » Were both men honoured in their lifetime? Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kinbuot4.5 Present Perfect Passive Positive: Sub + was/were +being + V3 +... The thieves were being arrested at 8 o’clock last night. He was visited at the hospital yesterday this time. They were being trained on gender from Monday to Friday last week. Negative: Sub + was/were + not + being + V3 +......... The thieves were not being arrested at 8 o’clock last night. He was not visited at the hospital yesterday this time. They were not being trained on gender from Monday to Friday last week. Question: Was/were + sub +being + V3 +... et Were the thieves being arrested at 8 o’clock last night? ‘Was he visited at the hospital yesterday this time? Were they being trained on gender from Monday to Friday last week?” 4.6 Past Perfect Passive Positive: Negative: Question: Sub + had been + V3 + Thad been allowed to leave. The supper had been prepared when we arrived home last night. The supper had been burnt before the firemen came. Sub + had + not + been + V3 4.0.0.0... Thad not been allowed to leave. The supper had not been prepared when we arrived home last night. The flat had not been burnt before the firemen came. Had + sub + been + V3 +. ook Had I been allowed to leave? Had the supper been prepared when we arrived home last night? Had the flat been burnt before firemen came? Page: HoiitProGréss 94.7 Future Simple Passive Positive: | Sub + will/ shall tbe + V3+........... * He will be invited to my wedding anniversary. * This new project will be approved in the next two months. + She will be given a ring for her 18!" birthday by her boyfriend. Negative:| Sub + will/ shall + not +be + V3 + © He will not invited to my wedding anniversary. © This new project will not be approved in the next two months. © She will not be given a ring for her 18'*"* birthday two months. Question:| Will / Shall + sub +be + V3 +........? © Will he be invited to my wedding anniversary? * Will this new project be approved in the next two months? © Will she be given a ring for her 18 birthday by her boyfriend? 4.8 Future Prefect Passive Positive: | Sub + will+ have been + V3 +........- All my pants will have been washed by her. Car will have been sold by next year. Problems will have been solved. Negative:} Sub + will+ not + have been + V3 +... All my pants will not have been washed by her. Car will not have been sold by next year. Problems will not have been solved. Question:} Will + sub + have been + V3 +. Will all my pants have been washed her? Will cars have been sold by next year? Will problems have been solved? loiitProGréss9 Passive with modal auxiliary verbs These are the modal auxiliary verbs: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, have to and ought to Form: Positive Sub + modal auxiliary verb + be + V3+.. * The next meeting will be informed later via email. © He can be selected according to his qualifications * That news should be broadcasted again this afternoon. © Our school must be redecorated * They might be trained on Child Protection Policy. Negative Sub + modal auxiliary verb + not + be + V3 +. + The next meeting will not be informed later via email. * He cannot be selected according to his qualifications. © That news should not be broadcasted again this afternoon. * Our school must not be redecorated. © They might not be trained on Child Protection Policy. Question Sub + modal auxiliary verb + be + V3 +.. + Will the next meeting be informed later via email? * Can he be selected according to his qualifications? * Should that news be broadcasted again this afternoon? * Must our school be redecorated? * Might they be trained on Child Protection Policy? Use: For the use of Modal auxiliary verbs, Page: HoiitProGréss By Houg Kinleaot EiModal Auxiliary verbs You had better understand the meaning and the use of Modal auxiliary verbs than translation However, some of the uses of Modal auxiliary verbs are overlapped. Modal auxiliary Use Example for Present/Future Example for Past verb 1-Ability/possibility He can swim well. He could swim well C 2-informal permission You can use my car tomorrow. ‘an |3informal polite request ‘Can you lend your car? 4-Impossibility (in negative) That can’t be true! ‘That can’t have been true! T-past ability Tould run fast. 2polite request Could you lend me your car? y a 2 I'm bored. Could you leave me You could have Could | 3-sugguestion (in positive) cana eee less than 50% certainty. | Where's he? He could be at home, | Heould have been at ‘Impossibility (in positive) That couldn't be true. ‘That couldn't have been. 1-100% certainty She will be here at 7:00 will [2-Willingness The phone’s ringing. I'll get it. 3-polite request Will you please pass the salt’? | Epolite request ‘Would you please pass the salt? A T would have rather have 2-Preference I would rather drink than eat. drank: would [Faction in the past — Twould visit my mother. 4-polite for “want” with like | I'm like coconut juice, please safle eas T a have liked soup, ut there were none. T-polite question to make a wi shan | suggestion Shall I open the window? 2-fulture meanin shall arrive at seven. — You should work harder. You should have worked. Sus | Boerne: She should do well on the test. She should have done.. (expectation) ae mat Lorwe. May I borrow your pen? may | 2-formal permission ‘You may leave the room. 3eless than 50% certainty John may be at the library, He may have been at . might "less than 50% certainty John might be at the library. Hesmiight have beetiat Zpolits request (rare) May [borrow your car? must | I-strong necessity Tmust tell him the truth, Thad to tell him the... Page: HoiitProGréss By uy Kanhaprohibition (negative) You must not fish in this river. Mary isn’t in the class. She must be Mary must have been sick sick. (present only) yesterday Ought to L-Advice Lought to work harder. ought to have worked. 2 2-certainty (expectation) ‘She ought to do well onthe last. |" She ought to have done. I-necessit: Ihave to leave the town now. [had to leave the town. Bayetsy | Pilsck Sh arcessiy, Idon’t have to stay in town now, | Tdidn’t have to leave... (negative) The summary forms of tenses Tenses Positive Example sentences Simple Sub FV Foe Twork for a bank, Present | Continuous Sub + am /are/is + Ving, Tam working for a bank. Perfect Simple Sub have /has + V3. Thave working for a bank. Perfect Continuous | Sub + have/has + been + Ving... | Thave been working for a bank. Simple Sub+Va+.... T worked fora bank. Past | Continuous Sub + waslwere + Vi +Ving... | Twas working for a bank Perfect Simple Sub + had + V3 + “ Lhad worked for a bank, Perfect Continuous | Sub had been + Ving ...... Thad been working for a bank. Simple ‘Sub + will + Vit... Twill work fora bank. 1 Future | Continuous Sub + + Ving... Lill be working for a bank. Perfect Simple Sub + will have + Vs +... Twill have worked fora bank, Perfect Continuous | Sub+ will have been + Ving... _| [will have been working for a bank, > For Present Simple, we use Auxiliary verbs: don’t and doesn’t to form negative and Do and Does to form question with third person singular. > For Past Simple, we use Ausiliary verbs: didn’t to form negative and did to form question with all persons, > For the tenses, we add not after the auxiliary verbs (am, are, is, was, were, have, has, had) to form Negative, and to make question, inert the subject and the auxiliary verb. Passive Voice: ‘Tenses in Passive Positive Example sentences 1-Present Simple Passive Sub + an/is/are +V3... Fish is eaten, 2-Present continuous Passive Sub + anvare/is tbeing ¥ Vs. Fish is being eaten, 3-Present Perfect Passive 4-Past Simple Passive Sub + havelhas + been #Vs..... Sub + was/were + V3. Fish has been eaten. Fish was eaten. 5-Past Coi yntinuous Passive Sub + washvere + being + Vs Fish was being eaten. 6-Past Perfect Simple Passive Sub + had + been + Vs ... Fish had been eaten. 7-Future Simple Passive Sub + will be + V5... Fish will be eaten. 8-Future Perfect Passive ‘Sub + will have + been + V3... Fish will have eaten. Page: HoiitProGréss By Pony Rinku[ Units: THE ADJECTIVES ] 5.1 The Adjective Form: Positive Sub + be + adjective + noun © He is a polite student. « Tama lazy boy. © Itwas great party. Negative Sub + be + not + adjective + noun © He is nota polite student. * Tamnota lazy boy. © It was not great party. Juestion Be + sub + adjective + noun? * Ishe a polite student? * Amla lazy boy? © Was it great party? Use: 1- We use adjective to modify a nouns or nouns such as a person, an animal, A thing or something to get extra information. © Paris is a young, rich and good-looking man. He will be a wonderful husband for you. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kinhuct Ea5.2 Comparative Adjective (With one syllable adjective) Form: Positive Sub + be + adjective + er + that + © Our teacher is younger than his students. © They are bigger than us. [am taller than my father. He was richer than me. Use : It is used to compare one thing, a person and or action with another, 5.3 Comparative Adjective (With adjective end by-y) Form: Pc Sub + be + adjective + ier + that + .. Yesterday was sunnier than today. © She is prettier than her sister. Your bangs are heavier than mine. © Lam friendlier than him. Use : It is used to compare one thing, a person or action with another. Exception: Shy, we don’t omit yto | when : becomes comparative and superlative adjective. © She is shyer than me. (NOT: She is shier than me.) She is the shyest girl in the class. (NOT: She is the shiest) > For negative and question form are the same as other forms of be. + Are you busier than me? + We are not stronger than them. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kish5.4 Superlative Adjective (With one syllable adjective) Form: Positive Sub + be + the + adjective + est + complement .... © Itis greatest city in the world * Bill Gate is the richest man in China. © They were the smartest students in my school Use: We use superlative to express that the thing or person being described has more of the particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type. 5.4 Superlative Adjective Form: Positive Sub + be + adjective + iest + complement * Itis the silliest mistake. * She is the funniest lady among her friends. * You were the luckiest man. + They are the busiest staff in my department. Use: We use superlative to express that the thing or person being described has more of the particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type. Page: HoiitProGréss By Hong Kionheot5.6 Comparative Adjective (With more than one syllable) Form: Positive Sub + be + more + adjective + than +... © She is more beautiful than her sister. * London is more expensive than New York. * Lam more independent than you. Use: It is used to compare one thing, a person or action with another. [ 5.6 Comparative Adjective (With more than one syllable) Form: Positive Sub + be + the + most + adjective + complement.......... © It is the most interesting place. © She was the most successful teacher. * Lam the most polite man. * Venice, Paris and Prague are the most beautiful cities in the world. Use: We sue superlative to express that the thing or person being described has more of the particular quality than anything or anyone else of the same type. Page: HotitProGréss By Hong Kenbuct