DB Bba

PRATICAL-1
CREATE STUDENT TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DDL COMMANDS
SQL> create table student(srollno number(10),sname varchar2(20),marks number(10),class

varchar2(10),address varchar2(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into student values(1,'rajesh',550,'BSC','PORANKI');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(2,'rakesh',450,'BSC','KANKIPADU');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(3,'ramesh',500,'BSC','VUYYURU');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from student;
SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI
2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU
3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU
Page | 1
SQL> alter table student add(pincode number(10));
Table altered.
SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS PINCODE
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI
2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU
3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU
SQL> rename student to studentdetails;
Table renamed.
SQL> select * from studentdetails;
SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS PINCODE
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI 521151
2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU 522151
3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU 523151
SQL> truncate table studentdetails;
Page | 2
Table truncated.
no rows selected
SQL> drop table studentdetails;
Table dropped.
select * from studentdetails
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Page | 3
PRATICAL-2
CREATE STUDENT TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DML COMMANDS
create a table in oracle with tablename student and attributes srollno,sname,marks,class,address.
SQL> create table student (srollno number(10),sname varchar2(10),marks number(3),class

varchar2(10),address varchar2(20));
Table created.
insert 5 records into the table student
SQL> insert into student values(11,'ramakrishna',200,'bsc','poranki');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(12,'rama',300,'bsc','eluru');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(13,'pavan',300,'bsc','eluru');
Page | 4
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(14,'vijay',400,'bsc','kankipadu');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(15,'murali',100,'bsc','patamata');
1 row created.
retrieve all the data from student table
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
11 ramakrishna 200 bsc poranki
12 rama 300 bsc eluru
13 pavan 300 bsc eluru
14 vijay 400 bsc kankipadu
15 murali 100 bsc patamata
retrieving records from table student who are coming from eluru
SQL> select * from student where address='eluru';
Page | 5
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
display the srollno and sname from student who are from class ‘bsc’
SQL> select srollno,sname from student where class='bsc';
SROLLNO SNAME
---------- --------------------
11 ramakrishna
12 rama
13 pavan
14 vijay
15 murali
display the srollno from student who are from address ‘eluru’
SQL> select srollno from student where address='eluru';
SROLLNO
----------
12
13
Page | 6
display the details of student whose marks >= 300
SQL> select * from student where marks>=300;

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
display the srollno and sname from student whose marks < 300
SQL> select srollno,sname from student where marks<300;
SROLLNO SNAME
---------- --------------------
11 ramakrishna
15 murali
replace marks of all students by 200
SQL> update student set marks=200;
5 rows updated.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
Page | 7
change the marks of sname vijay to 400
SQL> update student set marks=400 where sname='vijay';
1 row updated.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
11 ramakrishna 200 bsc eluru
increase the marks of all students by 200
SQL> update student set marks=marks+200;
5 rows updated.
Page | 8
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
delete the information of student vijay
SQL> delete from student where sname='vijay';
1 row deleted.
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
rename the table student as std
SQL> rename student to std;
Table renamed.
Page | 9
SQL> select * from std;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------
SQL> desc std;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
SROLLNO NUMBER(10)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
MARKS NUMBER(3)
CLASS VARCHAR2(10)
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(20)
modifying the datatype and its size for existing table
SQL> alter table std modify(srollno number(20));
Table altered.
SQL> desc std;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
Page | 10
SROLLNO NUMBER(20)
SNAME VARCHAR2(20)
MARKS NUMBER(3)
CLASS VARCHAR2(10)
PRATICAL-3
CREATE A CUSTOMER TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE CONSTRAINTS IN SQL
Check Constraints have the specific condition for each row of the table.
 NOT NULL - Ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value .NOT accept NULL
values.
 UNIQUE - Ensures that all values in a column are different
 PRIMARY KEY - A combination of a NOT NULL and UNIQUE. Uniquely identifies each
row in a table
 FOREIGN KEY - Prevents actions that would destroy links between tables
 CHECK - Ensures that the values in a column satisfies a specific condition
 DEFAULT - Sets a default value for a column if no value is specified
 CREATE INDEX - Used to create and retrieve data from the database very quickly
However, you can have many UNIQUE constraints per table, but only one PRIMARY
KEY constraint per table.
Relation
Page | 11
CREATE TABLE supplier
( supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
contact_name varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT supplier_pk PRIMARY KEY (supplier_id)
);
CREATE TABLE products

( product_id numeric(10) not null,
supplier_id numeric(10) not null,
CONSTRAINT fk_supplier
FOREIGN KEY (supplier_id)
REFERENCES supplier(supplier_id)
);
ALIASES
This Oracle tutorial explains how to use Oracle ALIASES (temporary names for columns or tables)
with syntax and examples.
Page | 12
Using an ALTER TABLE statement
The syntax for creating a check constraint in an ALTER TABLE statement in Oracle is:
ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name CHECK (column_name condition) [DISABLE];
Disable a Check Constraint

The syntax for disabling a check constraint in Oracle is:
DISABLE CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
Enable a Check Constraint

The syntax for enabling a check constraint in Oracle is:
ENABLE CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
create a table with tablename customers with following fields and constraints
1)customer number must start with c and should not repeat and should not be null
2)customer name should not be null
3)deposit number should contain unique value
4) address should not be null and it must be from poranki,patamata,mogulrajpuram
SQL> create table customers
(cno varchar2(10) primary key,
cname varchar2(20) not null ,
deposit number(10) unique,
address varchar2(20) not null,
Page | 13
check(address in('poranki','patamata','mogulrajpuram')),
check(cno like 'c%'));
Table created.
CREATE TABLE product

( product_id numeric(10) not null,
supplier_name varchar2(50) not null,
customers_num varchar2(50),
CONSTRAINT fk_ product_customers
FOREIGN KEY (customers_num)
REFERENCES customers(cno));
SQL> desc customers;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CNO NOT NULL VARCHAR2(10)
CNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DEPOSIT NUMBER(10)
ADDRESS NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)
SQL> insert into customers values('c101','rajesh',50000,'bhavanipuram');
insert into customers values('c101','rajesh',50000,'bhavanipuram')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007014) violated
Page | 14
SQL> insert into customers values('101','rajesh',50000,'poranki');
insert into customers values('101','rajesh',50000,'poranki')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02290: check constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007015) violated
SQL> insert into customers values('c101','rajesh',50000,'poranki');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customers values('c102','rakesh',50000,'poranki');
insert into customers values('c102','rakesh',50000,'poranki')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007017) violated
SQL> insert into customers values('c102','rakesh',60000,'poranki');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customers values('','rakesh',60000,'poranki');
insert into customers values('','rakesh',60000,'poranki')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SYSTEM"."CUSTOMERS"."CNO")
Page | 15
SQL> insert into customers values('','rakesh',60000,'');
insert into customers values('','rakesh',60000,'')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01400: cannot insert NULL into ("SYSTEM"."CUSTOMERS"."CNO")
SQL> insert into customers values('c103','ramesh',70000,'patamata');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into customers values('c104','roshan',80000,'mogulrajpuram');
1 row created.
SELECT statement is used to retrieve records from one or more tables in an Oracle database
SQL> select * from customers;
CNO CNAME DEPOSIT ADDRESS
---------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
c101 rajesh 50000 poranki
c102 rakesh 60000 poranki
c103 ramesh 70000 patamata
c104 roshan 80000 mogulrajpuram
The Oracle WHERE clause is used to filter the results from a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
or DELETE statement.
Syntax
WHERE conditions;
Page | 16
Examples:
SELECT *
FROM customers
WHERE last_name = 'Anderson';
SELECT *
FROM suppliers
WHERE state = 'California'
AND supplier_id <= 750;
SELECT supplier_id
FROM suppliers
WHERE supplier_name = 'Apple'
OR supplier_name = 'Microsoft';
GROUP BY Clause
The Oracle GROUP BY clause is used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and
group the results by one or more columns.
SELECT expression1, expression2, ... expression_n,
aggregate_function (aggregate_expression)
FROM tables
WHERE conditions
GROUP BY expression1, expression2, ... expression_n;
Page | 17
SELECT item, SUM(sale) AS "Total sales"
FROM salesdepartment
GROUP BY item;
PRATICAL-4
SQL STATEMENTS TO DEMONSTATE OPERATORS IN SQL
SQL> create table student(sno number(3),sname varchar2(20),class varchar2(10),totalmarks number(3));
Table created.
SQL> insert into student values(101,'anand','bsc',800);
Page | 18
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(102,'hari','bsc',900);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(103,'govardhan','bca',950);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values(104,'krishna','bzc',700);
1 row created.
SNO SNAME CLASS TOTALMARKS
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
Page | 19
103 govardhan bca 950
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students whose names ends with character ‘a’
SQL> select * from student where sname like '%a';
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students whose names starts with character ‘a’
SQL> select * from student where sname like 'a%';
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
retrieve all information of the students whose second character is ‘a’
SQL> select * from student where sname like '_a%';
Page | 20
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
102 hari bsc 900
retrieve all information of the students whose names includes with character ‘a’
SQL> select * from student where sname like '%a%';
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students of rollno either 103 or 104
SQL> select * from student where sno=103 or sno=104;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
104 krishna bzc 700
Page | 21
retrieve all information of the students according to their highest marks
SQL> select * from student order by totalmarks desc;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
102 hari bsc 900
101 anand bsc 800
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all sno’s of the students according to their highest marks
SQL> select sno from student order by totalmarks desc;
SNO
----------
103
102
101
104
retrieve all information of the students who are not from bca and bba
SQL> select * from student where class!='bca' and class!='bba';
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
Page | 22
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students where sno between 101 and 104
SQL> select * from student where sno between 101 and 104;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students where sno not between 103 and 104
SQL> select * from student where sno not between 103 and 104;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
Page | 23
retrieve all information of the students who are from bzc and bsc classes
SQL> select * from student where class in('bsc','bzc');
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 900
104 krishna bzc 700
retrieve all information of the students with names rama,krishna , hari
SQL> select * from student where sname in('rama','krishna','hari');
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
102 hari bsc 900
104 krishna bzc 700
adding 20 marks to the students hari,Krishna.
SQL> update student set totalmarks=totalmarks+20 where sname='hari' or sname='krishna';
2 rows updated.
Page | 24
SQL> select * from student20;
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
101 anand bsc 800
102 hari bsc 920
104 krishna bzc 720
PRATICAL-6
CREATE AN EMPLOYEE TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS IN SQL
SQL> create table emp100(sno number(5),ename varchar2(20),experience number(3),s
alary number(6));
Table created.
SQL> insert into emp100 values(1,'rajesh',3,25000);
Page | 25
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp100 values(2,'rakesh',4,30000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp100 values(3,'ramesh',5,45000);
1 row created.
SQL> insert into emp100 values(4,'ravi',2,50000);
1 row created.
SQL> select * from emp100;
SNO ENAME EXPERIENCE SALARY
---------- -------------------- ---------- ----------
1 rajesh 3 25000
2 rakesh 4 30000
3 ramesh 5 45000
Page | 26
4 ravi 2 50000
SQL> select sum(salary) from emp100;
SUM(SALARY)
-----------
150000
SQL> select max(salary) from emp100;
MAX(SALARY)
-----------
50000
SQL> select min(salary) from emp100;
MIN(SALARY)
-----------
25000
SQL> select avg(salary) from emp100;
AVG(SALARY)
-----------
37500
Page | 27
SQL> select count(*) from emp100;
COUNT(*)
----------
PRATICAL-7
SQL STATEMENTS TO DEMONSTRATE STRING FUNCTIONS
SQL> select lower('DBMS') from dual;
LOWER
----
dbms
Page | 28
SQL> select upper('dbms') from dual;
UPPER
----
DBMS
SQL> select Initcap('dbms') from dual;
INIT
----
Dbms
SQL> select substr('database',3,5) from dual;
SUBST
-----
tabas
SQL> select length('database') from dual;
LENGTH('DATABASE')
------------------
SQL> select ltrim('database','da') from dual;
Page | 29
LTRIM
------
tabase
SQL> select rtrim('database','se') from dual;
RTRIM
------
databa
SQL> select lpad('data',10,'*') from dual;
LPAD('DATA’)
----------
******data
SQL> select rpad('data',10,'*') from dual;
RPAD('DATA’)
----------
data******
Page | 30
PRATICAL-8
SQL STATEMENTS TO DEMONSTRATE NUMERICAL FUNCTIONS
SQL> select abs(-10) from dual;
ABS(-10)
----------
Page | 31
10
SQL> select power(2,3) from dual;
POWER(2,3)
----------
SQL> select round(9.83456,2) from dual;
ROUND(9.83456,2)
----------------
9.83
SQL> select sqrt(9) from dual;
SQRT(9)
----------
PRATICAL-9
SQL STATEMENTS TO DEMONSTRATE DATE FUNCTIONS
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
---------
Page | 32
28-JUL-18
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,4) from dual;
ADD_MONTH
---------
28-NOV-18
SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
LAST_DAY
---------
31-JUL-18
SQL> select months_between('02-may-17','02-jan-17') from dual;
MONTHS_BETWEEN('02-MAY-17','02-JAN-17')
---------------------------------------
SQL> select next_day(sysdate,'wednesday') from dual;
NEXT_DAY
---------
01-AUG-18
Page | 33
PRATICAL-10
SQL STATEMENTS TO DEMONSTRATE VIEWS
Views in SQL are kind of virtual tables.

A view also has rows and columns as they are in a real table in the database.
We can create a view by selecting fields from one or more tables present in the database.
A View can either have all the rows of a table or specific rows based on certain condition.
Page | 34
SQL> create table customer(cno number(10) primary key,cname varchar2(20),deposit number(10),address
varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> desc customer;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CNAME VARCHAR2(20)
DEPOSIT NUMBER(10)
SQL> create view cust1 as select cno,cname from customer;
View created.
SQL> desc cust1;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
CNAME VARCHAR2(20)
Page | 35
SQL> insert into cust1 values(11,'rajesh');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into cust1 values(12,'ramesh');
1 row created.
SQL> select * from cust1;
CNO CNAME
---------- --------------------
11 rajesh
12 ramesh
SQL> update cust1 set cno=13 where cname='ramesh';
1 row updated.
SQL> create view cust2 as select cno,cname from customer with read only;
View created.
Page | 36
SQL> insert into cust2 values(14,'rakesh');
insert into cust2 values(14,'rakesh')
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01733: virtual column not allowed here
PRATICAL-11
CREATE TABLES TO DEMONSTRATE JOINS IN SQL
SQL> create table emp(eno number(10) primary key ,ename varchar2(10),salary number(6),deptno
number(10));
SQL> insert into emp values(101,'anand',15000,20);
SQL> insert into emp values(102,'adithya',12000,10);
SQL> insert into emp values(103,'balu',10000,20);

Page | 37
SQL> insert into emp values(104,'honey',15000,20);
SQL> insert into emp values(105,'sunny',18000,20);
SQL> insert into emp values(106,'abhilash',13000,30);
SQL> insert into emp values(107,'amit',16000,60);
SQL> insert into emp values(108,'amar',18000,70);
SQL> create table dept(deptno number(10) primary key ,location varchar2(20));
SQL> insert into dept values(10,’amaravathi’);
SQL> insert into dept values(20,’chennai’);
SQL> insert into dept values(30,’hyd’);
SQL> insert into dept values(40,’delhi’);
SQL> insert into dept values(50,’mumbai’);
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;
ENO ENAME SALARY DEPTNO

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
101 anand 15000 20
102 adithya 12000 10
103 balu 10000 20
104 honey 15000 20
105 sunny 18000 20
106 abhilash 13000 30
107 amit 16000 60
108 amar 18000 70
Page | 38
SQL> SELECT * FROM DEPT;
DEPTNO LOCATION
---------- --------------------
10 amaravathi
20 chennai
30 hyd
40 delhi
50 mumbai
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP INNER JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;
ENO ENAME SALARY DEPTNO DEPTNO LOCATION

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101 anand 15000 20 20 chennai
102 adithya 12000 10 10 amaravathi
103 balu 10000 20 20 chennai
104 honey 15000 20 20 chennai
105 sunny 18000 20 20 chennai
106 abhilash 13000 30 30 hyd
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP LEFT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Page | 39
103 balu 10000 20 20 chennai
106 abhilash 13000 30 30 hyd
107 amit 16000 60
108 amar 18000 70
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP RIGHT JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
103 balu 10000 20 20 chennai
106 abhilash 13000 30 30 hyd
50 mumbai
40 delhi
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP FULL JOIN DEPT ON EMP.DEPTNO=DEPT.DEPTNO;

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
103 balu 10000 20 20 chennai

Page | 40
106 abhilash 13000 30 30 hyd
107 amit 16000 60
108 amar 18000 70
50 mumbai
40 delhi
SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP NATURAL JOIN DEPT;
DEPTNO ENO ENAME SALARY LOCATION

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20 101 anand 15000 chennai
10 102 adithya 12000 amaravathi
20 103 balu 10000 chennai
20 104 honey 15000 chennai
20 105 sunny 18000 chennai
30 106 abhilash 13000 hyd
Page | 41
Page | 42
What is DCL?
DCL (Data Control Language) includes commands like GRANT and REVOKE, which are
useful to give "rights & permissions." Other permission controls parameters of the database
system.
Examples of DCL commands:

Commands that come under DCL:
 Grant
Page | 43
 Revoke
Grant:
This command is use to give user access privileges to a database.
Syntax:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;
For example:
GRANT SELECT ON Users TO'Tom'@'localhost;
Revoke:
It is useful to back permissions from the user.
Syntax:
REVOKE privilege_nameON object_nameFROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}
For example:
REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON student FROM BCA, MCA;
Page | 44
Page | 45
Page | 46

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PRATICAL-1

CREATE STUDENT TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DDL COMMANDS

SQL> create table student(srollno number(10),sname varchar2(20),marks number(10),class

SQL> insert into student values(1,'rajesh',550,'BSC','PORANKI');

SQL> insert into student values(2,'rakesh',450,'BSC','KANKIPADU');

SQL> insert into student values(3,'ramesh',500,'BSC','VUYYURU');

SQL> select * from student;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI

2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU

3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU

SQL> select * from student;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS PINCODE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI

2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU

3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU

SQL> rename student to studentdetails;

SQL> select * from studentdetails;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS PINCODE

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 rajesh 550 BSC PORANKI 521151

2 rakesh 450 BSC KANKIPADU 522151

3 ramesh 500 BSC VUYYURU 523151

SQL> truncate table studentdetails;

SQL> select * from studentdetails;

SQL> drop table studentdetails;

SQL> select * from studentdetails;

select * from studentdetails

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

CREATE STUDENT TABLE TO DEMONSTRATE DML COMMANDS

create a table in oracle with tablename student and attributes srollno,sname,marks,class,address.

SQL> create table student (srollno number(10),sname varchar2(10),marks number(3),class

insert 5 records into the table student

SQL> insert into student values(11,'ramakrishna',200,'bsc','poranki');

SQL> insert into student values(12,'rama',300,'bsc','eluru');

SQL> insert into student values(13,'pavan',300,'bsc','eluru');

SQL> insert into student values(14,'vijay',400,'bsc','kankipadu');

SQL> insert into student values(15,'murali',100,'bsc','patamata');

retrieve all the data from student table

SQL> select * from student;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------

11 ramakrishna 200 bsc poranki

12 rama 300 bsc eluru

13 pavan 300 bsc eluru

14 vijay 400 bsc kankipadu

15 murali 100 bsc patamata

SQL> select * from student where address='eluru';

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS

12 rama 300 bsc eluru

13 pavan 300 bsc eluru

SQL> select srollno,sname from student where class='bsc';

SQL> select srollno from student where address='eluru';

SQL> select * from student where marks>=300;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS

SQL> select srollno,sname from student where marks<300;

replace marks of all students by 200

SQL> update student set marks=200;

SQL> select * from student;

SROLLNO SNAME MARKS CLASS ADDRESS

---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- --------------------