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    14 views238 pages

    EJMA Standard

    Uploaded by

    Zain Ali

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. NINTH EDITION EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. 25 NORTH BROADWAY, TARRYTOWN, NY 10591 RICHARD C. BYRNE, SEC E-MAIL: ejma@ejma.org www.ejma.org STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. FOREWORD Since 1986, when the Expansion Join Manutactrer's Associaton (EIMA™ ) firs pblshed those Standards, ‘ootinuing eshnologcal improvement inte application and design of Expansion Joints have Been reported trough te cooperative sot ofits association members by expaningthsseope sn content of hs pubiation, Founded tne years air 19S th Expansion Joint Manufactarers Associaton bsgan wih group of ‘companies experienced i the application, design. and fabrication of Expansion Joins, The fst EJMA™" Standard edition Was. f ccesiy, somewhat hie and covered only applications involving axa movement, Bat ‘as research and extensive sting results were catalogued. more dete Jesign data fs been incloded in the EJMA™ Standard. The EJMA™ Standards ar intcrded for applicatio to malic bellows expansion jos faving only the convolution shapes shows is the Standards and faving cnluton wes coy the meviional slietion with tbe exception ofthe bellows tachment wel, The FIMA™ Technical Commit is dedicated o continuously improv ag the wilt an echnical eomtent oF he Standards. Suggestions and ements fom indy users are welcome and should he forwarded tothe Secretary of tis Association in wig. kis important not that dhe EIMAT™ Standard is a trade association dcumentcontsiningrecommndstions for application of expansion joint produits and in-depth technical infra for use in designing expansion join, Products. is nos manufacturing standard ora quality assurance document. The typeof nonesrtve ‘examination and te extent of quality assurance texting o be applic! oven prac should be adresse by ‘thr documans such a the ASME BSI.3 Piping Cade, the ASME Presse Vessel Code or another set ‘rovided specification The Standard docs not limit or dictate the manufctring proces tobe used Ft onsmtion of expansion joints, nor does it establish spovfeenginecrngreauirements deemed necessary for the safe applcaon, design end manufacture of Expansion Toil If theresa song preference Tora cena ype of| ‘manufacturing proces, the user shoul provide this information. Industy users ae cautioned that hese Standards should not be considered 51 designbandook, and must no Spies sound egincein ment, ‘lication and experens, As ofthis writing the EIMA™' Standart tbooughly covers the design of expansion jon bellows cems owever the Standard doesnot over the design of hirdaressacated with restraie of pesure thst, Pressure thrust estan hardware sa important as the bellow’ clement the design nd abretion of 30 expansion jon assembly. Uscr are suongly advised to obtain documented design rss fo bellows cements tn presure thrust estat barre foray etc] application, NO WARRANTY EXPRESSED ORIMPLIED The engineering Sundurds erein are recommended by the Expansion Joint Manufactarcrs Associaton le. 4 sist ser, engnces aremitects ang others no spel dssga and nal Expansion Jot in piping sSKs hain the most efficient service fom Expusson Jot invallations. These Standards are Bes pan sud inesting principles, esearch and Feld experience inthe manufictre, desig, insalltion and se of Expension Joins. These Standards may be subje to revision further investigation or experience muy show is necessary <ésimble,Ulization of dese Stasurds remains entirely optional. Noeing herein shall consttte a waranty of any ind, expressed or implied Accordingly. ll warantis of Whatever ature, expressed or implied, ae herewith Spcifically disclaimed and disavowed. ‘Copyright 1988, 1962, 1969, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2005, 200% EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC, All sighs reserve. This book or any pat thereof may’ not be reproduc! in any fem without writen emasson ofthe Expansion Joint Menufactrers Avociaton, Ine ‘The spciicaton sheets constiuting Appeadis A ae not covered by say copyright restrictions and ay ‘oe oly reprodice and lized by purchases of this Standards anual 4 © Exprshn Jit Manure: Asin, I woe mone ‘STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. MEMBERSHIP List EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. ‘American BOA. Ine. - Curaming, GA Badger Industries, Inc. Zelienople, PA Expansion Joint Systems, In. - Santee, CA Flexider Ss: Torino, taly Hyspan Precision Products Ine Chula Vista, CA Idrosapiens, Sl - Lei (Torino), aly Microflex - Ormond Beach, FL Senior Flexonies, Ine, Pathway Division — New Braunfels, TX SFZ—Lyon, France U.S. Bellows, Inc.~ Houston, TX. WahleoMetrfle, In. Lewiston, ME Witzenmann, GmbH ~ Pforzheim, Germany (CURRENT TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC, Patrick Vainio - American BOA, Inc Jaek Harn ~ Badger Industries, Ine Mike Cabrera - Expansion Joint Systems, Ine -Mario Noli -Flexider S.t- Torino tal ‘Scott Stelmar -Hyspun Precision Products, Ine. Asti Pietrafesa- lrosapiens, Si Jeff DePiero - Microflex Bob Broyles Max Michet- SFZ. Roy Felkner- U.S. Bellows, Ine Senior Fexonics, Inc, Pathway Dvision Riek Marcotte- WableoMetroflex, In. Peter Berger - Witzenmann, Gmblt Expansion Join Manuttrers Asin, Ins ii STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. This page intentionally blink. © Bxpnsion Jit Maire Atoinon ine. ww gi rg ‘STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC conrENtS, Secon Page Membership of EIN, ae SECTION? 21 Sete of Expansion Sons = iii 25 Secon for Lateral Deletion. Angle Rotation, & Combi 24 Application ing Single Ep 24 Appleaton Using Universal Fp 2.8, Calculation f Angular Rotation in 3 Hinge Piping Stem 220 29 Appiations Using Gimbal pansion Joins =. an 2.10, Amcho, Gide, and Support Requirements I as SECTION 3- SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR P)PING SYSTEMS CONTAINING [BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS 31 Design Speciation en a S2_Expansn Jot Desgy snr = 3 133. Expanlon Joint Manulsverng Quali = cee a 3.5. Post lntallation lespesion Pri to Sate Preware Test momo u 346 tnapecton During and immedinely After Sytem Pressure Tests om a?) AT. Periodic te Seric aspen nnn as SECTION 4 CIRCULAR EXPANSION JOINT DESIGN AL Merete Equnletnan ee coer | 4 Movement Range mn a aera 44S. Cold Springing of Crelar Expansion Joints a cum 4s ASL Farce Rede cnn = 4“ 452. Stablty wn = ons 4S 3 Component Carats ee 47) Maxime Asal Compresion Based Om last — = 4 SECTION 4 CIRCULAR EXPANSION JOINF DESIGN (continued) 8 Ni rE ere ‘A Se eke ne eee on 492 Dua Blows (Universal Expansion Jug) nnn 3 410 toteral Sleeves Circus Eapanson dots a Hs ALU Criteria for Determining the Need or laternal Sve uu “4102 Design Recommendation for Intra She nner 6 441 External Covers Cireular ExpatsionJoltiea nen - 47 42 Below Design nen a St 4121 Parameters and Criteria Acting Hols Design 4 {41213 tnternl Prosute Capacity nnn 0 “41214 Dofleton Stress ne es 0 EL Patgue ite Expectancy so a1 ‘412.6 Ratlews Stab a ‘S121.9 Bellows Heat Treatment svrnvssnmnnonnnnnnnnnn an 419 Design gnats icauaaamaaemiatila oe L181 Desk Equations for Unrifarced Bllows on 46132 es Equations fr Reinforced Hlloms 0 ‘L144 Betws Tanien~Uarsaforeed Relnforced Balls nmrnnnnmnnnnnn 3 4444 enchmark Calelatios ere nrrennnnne ae AAAS Effet of sternal Presute wenn — SECTION 5- RECTANGULAR EXPANSION JOIN DESIGN 1 Movement Equations nennmnnnnin et 2 Combining Movements ovvnnnnnnn ae 3) Movement Rate eevee - ere ea SECTION 6 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND BELLOWS FORMING METHODS. ne se eee 63 Quality Assrance Organization =n on {4 Dranings, Design Calculations and Spesstion Ctrl ronvesmen o (65 Material and Materials Cont wvroenans - e 66 Manufacturing Proves Control crores - a 6.10 Corrective Aetion Supple and Series) oon ray AL Wel ae o 642 Heat Trextmeot eo Packaging, Prescvaion, Shipping and Storage oe 14 Casomer Quality Assurance Au eo “ © Expalon Jit Manicures Ascii, e sew ne STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. SECTION 6- QUALITY ASSURANCE AND BELLOWS FORMING METHODS (continued) (6161 Elastomer Forming (463 Hydrate Forming {6464 Pneumatic Tabe Forming venom {6465 Rolled Cooled Sheet 6169 Combined Forming {617 Faction Tolerances non 72 Liquid Penctrane Examination 713 Fhorecent Ponerant Examination TA Magnet Parte Examine Press Testing ws 2 hie —— 70 Fatigue Lie Testing 72 Sauiem fhe a SECTION 8 errr rt a s " rs SECTION 9 FEATURES, ACC PSSORIES, AND MATERIALS. S12 Patgne Lite enn S113 Spring Fores nnn SALI. Bellows Stability nn 94.2" Maticy Contraction with 9.124 Ballons Stability moore 9133 Spring Fores = 9124 Hallows Stab 1S Redundant Py Construction wi he Same Tickers for Each Py va Sigh Ph Comracion 9.3 SAS Presre Caplan S84 Bellows Stab nn 85188 Monitored Phy Bells nnn 92 The Rods, Hinges and Sitar Acceorie 921 Force and La 8234 The Rods Hinges. tnd Gimbal nnn 923.2 tachment to Piping 9233 Component Design Stes Limits = 9234 Referee 98 anges nnn ‘STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. APPENDICES ‘Standard Fspansion Joa Spcfation Sheets ‘sppenais © pile Movement, Force and Momen Equations Appendix D_ Conversion Factors and Reference Append E Preparation of Technical Inquires Appendix Fells Fatgve Test Requlemea Append Gets Mig Temperature Cele Life Appendix Angular Rotation About One End Appendix Tabulated Valves for C,, Cj Cy Bis Bysand B, Append Examples a 3 Single Espns Jat with evn sje to axa Se {Tied Univeral Expansoa Joa subjected wo latra yea 6 plc ‘Univeral presse balanced Expansion doit Incted hetcen tm pees of equipment with movements en inser sa fmt attached o vessel zz, subjected ial ad tral moveMeRT ee IN 1 Calelatim of Ang fn 3 hinge pip stm nnn is {Tare (3) hinge Ea IN eerie SUIT as 2 Ratons Equivalent Movement per Conolation —_ ee 10 Rectangular Expansion Joint Movement a ee i 11 Cakulation for Straight uno Pipe Containing an Ava Eamon Joint Sas TABLES “able Recommended detiation Data Require for lows sabjcted to DestructheTetinvennne 76 Table Component Design Stes Limite ic ee “able 1V Thermal Espasio o Pipe Inches por 10 Fet a oa ‘Table Modu Hat of Commonly Used Bellows Materials nn ats ‘This page intentionally blank © Expansion ont Mnafctrers Asotin ne sw one ‘STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. SECTION 1 SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, AND NOMENCLATURE LAscoPE ‘The EIMA™ Standards are only intended fo application to metalic bellows expansion joints 1.2 DEFINITION OF TERMS ‘The Expansion Joint Manufacturers Associatia, Ine has adopted the following definitions of Expansion Joint components and related equipment ANGULAR ROTATION ‘The displacement of the longitudinal axis ofthe Expansion Joint from its intial straight fine position into eitcular arc. Angular rotation is occasionally refered to as "roational movement.” ‘This is not torsional rotation which is described further inthis section, AXIAL COMPRESSION ‘The dimensional shortening of an Expansion Joint alongts longitudinal axis. Axial compression has boen referred to as axial movement, averse or compression. ANIAL EXTENSION, ‘The dimensional lengthening ofan Expansion Joint alo its longitudinal axis, Anial extension has boon referred 1 a axial movement, travers, clongation or extension. BELLOWS The flexible clement of an Expansion Joine consisting ofone cr more convolutions and the end tangents with, ’D, $3, with no more than Five plies. CONTROL RODS Devices, usualy inthe form of ods or bars, attached tothe Expansion Joint assembly whose primary function iso distribute the movement between the cvo bellows ofa universal Expansion Sint. Control rods are not designed to restrain bellows pressure thrust. CONVOLUTION “The smallest flexible unit of w bellows. The total mover to the numberof convolution. COVER A device nse tn provide limited praterton af he exteriar surface ofthe hellows of an expansion Joint from foreign objets or mechaneal damage. A cover is sometimes referred to asa shroud, DIRECTIONAL ANCHOR [A directional or sliding anchor is one which is designed fo absor lading in one direction while permitting motion in another, It may be either & main or intermediate anchor, depending upon the pplication involved. When designed for the purpose, a ciectional anchor may also function as 8 pipe alignment guide. [nthe design ofa directional anche, an effort should be made to minimize the fiction betwcen is moving or sliding parts, since this Will reuce the Toad on the piping and ‘equipment and insure proper functioning of the anchor. ent capacity oF a bellows is proportional owing Expansion Joo ManuitrersAnoeition, Ine ht STANDARDS OF THE EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION, INC. DOUBLE EXPANSION JOINT {A double Expansion Joint consists of two bellows joined by common connector whichis anchored to some rigid part ofthe installation by theans ofa anchor base. The anchor base may be attached tothe common connecior either at instalation oat ime of manufacture. Each bellows ‘cts a a single Expansion Joint and absorb the movement ct the pipe section in which its Inslled independently ofthe other bellows. Dauble Expansion Joints should nat be conse with Universal Expansion Joins EQUALIZING AND REINFORCING RINGS Devices used on some expansion joint fitting snugly in the roots of the convolutions. The primary purpose ofthese devices sto reinfores the bellows against intemal pressure. Equalizing ings are ‘made of east ron, tel, stainless steel or ther suitable alloys an are approximately "T* shaped in ‘ross sceton. Reinforcing or foot rings ae fabricated from ting or solid round bas of carbon Stee, stainless steel oF other suitable alloys EXPANSION JOINTS Any device contaising one or more bellows used w absorb dimensional changes, such as those ‘caused by thermal expansion or contraction ofa pipeline; du or vessel PLANGED ENDS ‘The ends ofan expansion joint equipped with Manges forthe purpose of bolting the expansion joint tothe mating Manges of adjacent equipment o piping (See Section 9.3). GIMBAL EXPANSION JOINT {A gimbal Expansion Joints designed to permit angular rotation in any plane by the use of wo pairs of hinges affixed to a common floating gimbal rng. The gimbal ring, hinges and ps must, ‘he designed to restrain the thrust of the Expansion Joint due o ateral pressure and extraneous forces, where applicable HINGED EXPANSION JOINT ‘A hinged Expansion Joint contains one bellows and is designed to permit angular rotation in one plane only by the use ofa par of pins through hinge plates tached tothe Expansion Joint ends, ‘The hinges and hinge pins must be designed to restrain the trust ofthe Expansion Joint duc to internal pressure and extraneous forces. where applicable. Hinged Expansion Joints should be used {sets of two of three to function propery. IN-LINE PRESSURE BALANCED EXPANSION JOINT An in-line pressure balanced Expansion Joint is designed to absorb axial movement snr lateral ‘deflection while restraining the pressure thnist by means of devices interconnects the line bellows with outboard compensating bellows also subjected t0 ine pressure, Each bellows sets

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