WEBINAR: Safety in shipping during the COVID-19 pandemic

5 November, 2020

1 DNV GL © 2019 05 November 2020 SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER

The webinar presenters – all from DNV GL - Maritime

Peter Hoffmann Fenna van de Kirsten Rognstad Tomas Barrett

Head of Section Merwe VP, Statutory Support Global Head of Corp.
Safety, Risk & Principal Consultant Communications
Reliability
Webinar host

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AGENDA

 Status on maritime safety performance

 Safety Management Systems under the COVID-19 pandemic
 Safe maritime operations during COVID-19
 Q&A

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AGENDA

 Status on maritime safety performance

 Safety Management Systems under the COVID-19 pandemic
 Safe maritime operations during COVID-19
 Q&A

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The big picture - a rapidly transforming maritime industry

There are tectonic shifts on three fronts right now:

MARKETS REGULATIONS TECHNOLOGY

Expectations and complexity

Increasingly unpredictable Strong impact of new technologies
growing

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The number of incidents is keeping flat

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Passenger ships and tankers have the lowest number of incidents

General cargo Bulk carrier Passenger/ferry Tanker Source: IHS Markit

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The number of total losses has decreased over recent years

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The number of crew fatalities or missing has kept steady recent years

Source: IHS Markit

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Marine safety improves overall,
but new challenges arise from the COVID-19 pandemic

Total ship Human Crew Shipping Fuel issues, bunker

LOSSES Element WELFARE INCIDENTS CONTAMINATION

Shipping losses Still, human error One of the biggest Lockdown Bunker analysis is
have declined by is a contributor to immediate issues measures and taking longer time
68% over the more than 75% of for shipping physical distancing during the
past decade. shipping insurance companies during rules can cause pandemic; some
losses (equivalent the COVID-19 delays in surveys operators might
to $1.6bn pandemic has and servicing consume fuel
damage). been the of vessels and before knowing
inability to change emergency the results of
crews. equipment. analysis.

Source: AGCS Safety and Shipping review

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AGENDA

 Status on maritime safety performance

 Safety Management Systems under the COVID-19 pandemic
 Safe maritime operations during COVID-19
 Q&A

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Maritime Management Systems (MMS) supports to optimise operations

Optimal operations through smart use of MMS:

• Optimal operations/Maritime Management System (MMS)
• Meeting objectives
• Handling requirements
• Reaching KPIs
• Utilizing digital solutions

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 When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the world… the show must go on

IMO: Coronavirus (COVID-19) –

Guidance for flag States regarding surveys
and certificates during the COVID-19
pandemic:

“All ships must be surveyed…”

“…managed in compliance
with requirements…”

“Disruption and challenges in respect of

conduct of surveys…”

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 What has DNV GL done to support customers?

• Secured flags' acceptance of postponement

and alternative internal audit solutions

• Monitored development of flags' COVID-19

solutions and provided advice to customers
through DATE

• Developed remote audit solution –

- Remote company audits now accepted by
most flags
- Remote shipboard audits not equally
accepted by flags

• Developed audit protocol for COVID-19

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What have we seen from onboard?
• The COVID-19 situation is reflected in our
findings:
• Crew crisis: findings related to expired
seafarers' employment agreements and
repatriation with too long service onboard
Crew served onboard more than 14 months but
were not able to be repatriated due to Covid-19.
There is no plans for repatriation, no evidence
of communication with Flag and no
dispensation onboard.
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Due to COVID-19 pandemic, some crew
members' contracts had been extended few
times. Some of them expressed concern
and desire to go home asap.
COVID-19 is leading to the situation that
crewmembers must stay on board longer
than their normal contracts. This is affecting
the watchkeepers, which may impose a
safety risk to the ship.
What have we seen from onboard?

Medical certificates were expired with no

• Difficult to obtain supplies evidence of exemption by flag state.

• Difficult to maintain certificates

• Violation of seafarers’ rights

Food and catering: due to COVID-19, crew
do not get fresh fruit.

Maintenance found overdue as per PMS.

As informed by chief engineer, spares
The company limited the crew right to shore
couldn't be procured in time due to Covid-
leave due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
19, causing delay in maintenance.

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 What have we seen from onboard?

• COVID-19 procedures not Master's Reviews are largely

always implemented copy of the previous version.
These reviews could be more
effective if actual issues are
addressed.
Company plan for COVID For example, the last Master
management details use of Review did not contain any
hand sanitizers. comment on the fact that two
seafarers had been on board for
However, there was no stock of
As per company instruction, over one year; the psychological
sanitizers available onboard.
temperature of visitors to be effect on these two seafarers
checked at gangway due was not mentioned nor any form
In another case; there was no
to COVID-19. The auditor's of relief, e.g. additional use of
risk evaluation for the storage
temperature was internet, rest or other
and use of hand sanitizes
not checked. assistance.
(flammable liquids)

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Safety Revival– Management Systems Fit for Purpose (FfP)

Management Systems Fit for Purpose:

• Meeting objectives and handling requirements

• Risk based approach
• Continuous improvement of safety, security, environmental
protection and working and living conditions

DNV GL SOLUTION IMPACT

• Audit focus based on analysis of performance and needs – risk-based Proactive risk management:
approach
- Safety
• Pre-audit dialogue before company audit to agree on focus areas
- Security
• The agreed focus areas to be followed up on shipboard audits - Working and living conditions
• Auditor role: Assess the effectiveness of the management system - Quality
 DNV GL FfP Audits enables customers to
• Audit protocols for selected focus areas has been developed to improve the effectiveness of their
support auditors. management system

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Safety management systems shall be Fit for Purpose

Effective ISM implementation should

lead to a move:

• Away from "unthinking"

compliance with external rules

• Towards a culture of
"thinking" self-regulation of
safety

• Development of a “safety
culture”

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AGENDA

 Status on maritime safety performance

 Safety Management Systems under the COVID-19 pandemic
 Safe maritime operations during COVID-19
 Q&A

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Acknowledge that “Human error” is a symptom, not a cause

“About 80% of all accidents are human 100% of all accidents are caused by
error…” Human, Organizational and Technical factors

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Make risks explicit and
visualize risk controls as barriers and safeguards in a bow tie

Riding a bike
on holiday

Excess Bike
speed damage
Cycle at safe Evasive
speed action

Loss of
Loss of
control of
Injury to
concentration others
bike
Drink No mobile Alert others Evasive
caffeine phone use to run action

Defective
Personal
bike /
equipment injury
Preventive Wearing
maintenance helmet

Maintenance
Human, Organizational and Technical
Forgot to pack
missed
Hire company
maint. sys.
barriers and safeguards to manage Holiday
checklist

unsafe conditions and near misses

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Safety: to minimize harm to people, property and the environment

3 properties of a safe system... ... each consisting of H – O - T elements

Robust systems

Resilient systems

Continuous
improvement

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More risk control through managing “H-O-T” barriers and safeguards

Human, Organizational and Technical

barriers and safeguards to manage
unsafe conditions and near misses

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The more complex the system,
the more an organization needs to have risk control processes in place

Need for
advanced
What is a complex system? Advanced competence and
technology experience

Many
Communication
Rapid stakeholders
changes to
status quo

...

Unprecedented
circumstances:
COVID-19 pandemic

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The persisting COVID-19 pandemic puts pressure on
an organization’s ability to operate safely
Engine
explosion
Engine design Automatic
and condition shut/slow
down system
Crew physical wellbeing:
Defective
sensors
• Ensuring that crew (can)
Automation
failure Uncontrolled
protect themselves and stay
fire

Cumbustion
process,
CO2 Fire
fighting system
Fire sprinkler
system
spreading
healthy
Fuel leakage high
Fuel system Insulation of Automatic shut pressure,
hot surfaces Leaking
integrity hot surfaces down pipes
Pressure
testing
Leaking
components
Planned
maintenance Not released
system Generic Firefighting
fire: Instruction
Engine Manual
room fire

Crew mental wellbeing:

Leaking
pipes
Double pipes Unrecovered
black out
Seperate Seperate Emergency

Insufficient
insulation
engine rooms switchboards generator
• Ensuring that crew feel
Termographic Damage to
inspection eletrical
cables supported in these hard times
Fuel supply

• Promoting a transparent
not shutting
down Planned Loss of life
maintenance
system Evacuation in First aid
life boats procedure

Boiler blow
culture to encourage dialogue
back
Boiler design
and condition
Boiler
operation
procedure
about preventing infection
Boiler not
properly
and treating COVID-19
purged
when
starting ... a healthy crew that is ready for duty

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 Safety Culture – a leading indicator and prerequisite for safety

What is Safety Culture?

“Safety Culture is the

elements or parts of
organizational culture that
influence the
organizational members’
attitudes, beliefs,
perceptions, and
behaviours, which have
an impact on the level of
safety within the
organization.”
A Hale

(Source: Parker, Lawrie and Hudson, 2014)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has also affected DNV GL Class

In DNV GL, we take all steps we can to protect everyone.

Colleagues around the world, work as much from home as possible.

Wherever feasible, we deliver our services remotely.

If remote survey is not an option and our colleagues in the field

need to physically attend at customer’s premises, we have implemented a
risk evaluation prior to each job including mitigating actions.

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DNV GL’s own risk assessment/decision matrix

DNV GL has extensive resources in place to guide its employees in

how to manage COVID-19 risk while continuing to deliver

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As the pandemic persists, be aware of a new risk to safety: «Caution Fatigue»

«Caution Fatigue»: Drained like a battery.

Months into the pandemic, we’re feeling

drained from the prolonged cocktail of
stress, anxiety, isolation and disrupted
routines. We start letting our guard down.

• Motivation: we’re tired of COVID-19

• Awareness: we’re normalizing the

situation

• ... and we may not always remember to

practice smart COVID-19 behaviour ...so “Caution Fatigue” influences crew welfare,
threatening the safety of operations
Source: Dr. Gollan, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

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COVID 19-fatigue: what can we do?

Take care of mental and physical health

Try to be disciplined and think long-term

Take control of routines

Try to prevent growing numb to warnings

Encourage selfless behavior

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DNV GL launches infection prevention certification for the maritime industry

+ =
• Restoring industry and passenger confidence
• Since 2008, DNV GL Healthcare has accredited 630 hospitals globally
• Infection prevention certification launched in 2014
• Certification adapted for maritime in collaboration with DNV GL Healthcare
• CIP-M Identifies & manages risks on an ongoing basis
• Meets statutory and classification requirements

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2
Before starting the certification process

Shipboard Preparation:
Company Preparation:
• Implement proper management structures
• Implement the safety culture and
and resp. addressing infection prevention
company protocols onboard
• Perform and document infection risk
• Perform relevant training for the ship
assessment (not only for COVID-19)
crew and responsible
• Prepare proper safety management system
• Prepare for proper documentation,
and protocols addressing the various infection
communication and improvements
risks related to the specific operational pattern

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Relevant services provided by DNV GL – lots of resources available on dnvgl.com
Services to limit operational
• Expert articles disruption during COVID-19
• Industry topics
• Technical & Regulatory
News
• Publications
• Webinars on demand
• and more

Safety Culture Development Safety Management Direct Access to Technical

Certification (ISM, MLC, ISPS) Experts (DATE), local offices,
our experts

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Key takeaways

Safety performance is improving, but the human factor still needs attention

The ISM and MLC system are essential foundations for highlighting and
managing COVID-19 risks

Barrier management makes COVID-19 risks explicit and supports the

identification of necessary risk controls

A «HOT» (human, organizational, technical) perspective to safety can help to

manage COVID-19 risks in a holistic way

Countering COVID-19 fatigue is necessary to improve crew welfare, contributing

to safer operations

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Thank you for your attention!

DNV GL - Maritime

www.dnvgl.com

The trademarks DNV GL®, the Horizon Graphic and Det Norske Veritas®
SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER are the properties of companies in the Det Norske Veritas group. All rights reserved

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