CC117 Database Administration

IIMS College

Putalisadak, Kathmandu, Nepal

Name of Course Instructor: Keshab Maharjan

Course Code: CC117N

Course Name: Database Administration

Program Name: B.Sc. (Hons) Computing Semester: 4th Batch: 9th Assignment
Title: Assignment - II

Date of Submission: 2021/03/04

(Write the individual/group members details below):

Name of the Student Student ID University ID Contact Number

Sujana Amgain 2011072 1002057716 9840722968

Email Id - sujana2011072@iimscollege.edu.np
CC117 Database Administration

Explore and to know about the most popular database, the Oracle Database, and venture into
the world of its administration, by exploring this Learning Path

An Oracle database is a set of data that is handled as if it were a unit. A database's main
function is to store and retrieve relevant data. The secret to addressing knowledge
management issues is a database server. A database server also protects against
unauthorized access and offers successful recovery options in the event of a
malfunction.

Oracle Database is the first database developed specifically for enterprise grid
computing, the most scalable and cost-effective method of managing data and
applications. Large pools of industry-standard, modular storage and servers are
generated by enterprise grid computing. Every new device can be quickly provisioned
from the pool of components using this architecture. Peak workloads are unnecessary
since resources can be added or reallocated from resource pools as required.

Oracle Net Services is Oracle's way of communicating with the networking protocols
that networks use to enable distributed processing and databases.

The way data is transmitted and received on a network is defined by communication

protocols. All major network protocols, including TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and WebDAV,
are supported by Oracle Net Services.

Application developers don't have to think about network connections in database

applications when they use Oracle Net Services. If a new protocol is used, the database
administrator must make some minor improvements to the database, while the program
does not need any changes and continues to run.

Oracle Net, which is part of Oracle Net Services, allows a client application to connect
to an Oracle database server over the network. Oracle Net acts as a data courier for both
the client application and the database server once a network session is created. It builds
and maintains the connection between the client application and the database server, as
well as sending and receiving messages. Since Oracle Net is installed on any device in
the network, it can handle these tasks.

Oracle highly encourages you to use the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to
build a database so it is a more automated method because the database is ready to use
until it is finished.

Depending on the type of installation you want, the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
will start DBCA. After Oracle Database installation, we can run DBCA as a
standalone tool at any time.

DBCA can be run in either interactive or noninteractive/silent mode. For constructing

and configuring a database, interactive mode includes a graphical interface and a
directed workflow. We can script database development in noninteractive/silent
mode. By defining command-line arguments, an answer file, or both, we can run
DBCA in a noninteractive/silent mode.
CC117 Database Administration

Starting Up and Shutting Down a Database Instant

The STARTUP command in SQL*Plus is used to start an Oracle Database instance.

Instances can be started in a variety of ways:

 Start the instance without a database installed. This prevents access to the
database and is usually used either for database construction or control file re-
creation.
 Start the instance and install the database, then shut it down afterwards. This
condition requires some DBA tasks to be completed, but it prevents general
database access.
 Mount and open the database after starting the instance. This can be achieved
in an unlimited mode, which lets all users access, or in a limited mode, which
only allows database managers access.
 After a restart or shutdown issue, force the instance to start, or start the
instance and full media recovery can begin immediately

Standard, instant, and abort are the three shutdown modes available in Oracle.

 Shutdown normal: This is the database's default shutdown mode. The Oracle
server is in this state thus waiting for all users to disconnect.
 Shutdown Transactional: Locks down the database after all operations have
been done. No new connections are allowed during this time.
 Instant shutdown: This option disconnects all meetings, rolls back all active
transactions, and shuts down the database. No instance recovery is expected
during the next startup.
 Shutdown abort: This option does not roll back any transactions and merely
prevents the database from running. Any subsequent database startup would
require smon to perform an instance recovery. Any backup taken after the
database has been shut down in abort mode would be inconsistent.
CC117 Database Administration

1. Oracle Certificate

Fig: Oracle Certificate

2. Oracle Learning Explorer

Fig: Oracle Learning Explorer Badge