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A proposal for Latin equivalents of diagnostic categories of mental disorders

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English translation of the original work: Kosmowski, Wojciech. ”Propozycja łacińskich odpowiedników kategorii diagnostycznych zaburzeń psychicznych według
klasyfikacji ICD-10.” Psychiatria w Praktyce Ogólnolekarskiej 2.3 (2002): 141–150. Copyright © 2002 Via Medica
Permission for translation granted by Via Medica on September 26, 2018.
The tables presented in the article were originally prepared on the basis of the source number 1, which was based on the ICD-10 release from 1992.

Wojciech Kosmowski

A proposal for Latin equivalents of diagnostic categories of mental

disorders according to the ICD-10 classification

ABSTRACT

Latin for centuries was the universal language of medicine. Despite replacing it in many
countries by national languages, the following arguments support the continued use of Latin:
greater conciseness and transparency of diagnoses, concealing the names of diseases against
unauthorized persons, facilitating communication between doctors, also from other countries,
and finally – tradition.
The aim of this study is to present a proposal for Latin equivalents of diagnostic categories
of mental disorders according to the ICD-10 classification.
The core of this work are tables listing statistical numbers of individual diagnostic categories
(according to the ICD-10 classification) as well as their description in English and Latin.
The study also includes a discussion on some diagnoses to indicate specific rules and guidelines
for their formulation.

Key words: ICD-10, Latin, nomenclature

INTRODUCTION

For many centuries, only Latin terminology was used to give medical diagnoses. It was
a universal language that greatly facilitated communication between doctors. Over time,
national languages began to replace Latin. Noticeably more phrases from modern languages
began to appear in medical nomenclature: French, German and (in recent years) English [1, 2].
The following arguments are given in favor of maintaining Latin medical terminology: clarity
and transparency of nomenclature, facilitating communication between doctors, easier contact
with doctors from other countries, hiding the name of the disease from unauthorized persons
and finally – tradition [1, 2]. The use of Latin terminology in diagnosis has also an educational
value – not only because of the possibility of learning a foreign language, but also because
of the construction of these phrases, for they are compact in form and rich in content [2].
For these reasons, volume 3 of Polish edition of International Statistical Classification
of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision contains also Latin nomenclature [1].
Thanks to this book, one can find statistical numbers of diseases based on Latin diagnoses. This
study enables the reverse operation – finding Latin equivalents of ICD-10 diagnostic categories.
1
The aim of this study is to collect Latin names of mental disorders with a commentary
and compare them with English nomenclature, in accordance with the statistical numbers
of the ICD-10 classification. I hope that this will help to facilitate communication between
psychiatrists and doctors of other specialties, and to increase the compliance of Latin terms
used for diagnoses with the ICD-10 classification.

GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS

In this study, a number of assumptions have been adopted to help meet the demands set out
in the introduction. Efforts have been made to translate, on the one hand, the content
of medical terms derived from ICD-10 in the most accurate way, and, on the other hand,
to preserve the names established in tradition as far as possible. Therefore, the tables contain
all the relevant definitions of specific diseases found in the literature, addressing them
in the text and proposing (in the author's opinion) the most appropriate ones. Taking the view
that names should provide as much information as possible, the term “other disorders” should
only be used as a last resort (the term “psychogenic syncope” says a lot more than “other
specified neurotic disorders” – F48.8). In some cases, no Latin equivalents of such wording have
been indicated due to their low practical suitability. Remembering the educational value,
it has been recognized that the diagnosis should provide information about the etiology
of the disorder (if known) and correspond well with the diagnoses of comorbidities (e.g. instead
of using the term “delirium, not induced by alcohol”, it is better to use the term “in the course
of...”, delirium in decursu...).
In addition to the names of diseases, it is recommended in some cases to determine their
severity, for example: Schizophrenia catatonica. Cachexia. Status gravis. In the case of
depressive disorders, the following expressions are used: Depressio lenta (benigna = episodus
subdepressivus), moderata, gravis.
The tables provide a more transparent view of ICD-10 nomenclature. Each of them includes
one chapter of the classification of mental and behavioural disorders.

SPECIFIC ISSUES

 F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders

In the circle of these disorders, the key Latin term is dementia. It does not seem appropriate
to use the word psychosis to describe some dementia disorders, for example, psychosis senilis
as the equivalent of F03 [1]. Yet using the term psychosis to define the category F06.1- F06.5 [1]
does not raise such objections. It also seems appropriate to use the word delirium de acrosomia
for delirium caused by the general medical condition (when the cause of delirium cannot be
accurately determined). The Latin term corresponds to the English term “delirium due to
a general medical condition” (apart from the slightly different shade of meaning of the word
“delirium” in English), which seems to be useful in medical practice [3]. In another case,
the name of the underlying disease is first given, and then its consequences in the mental
sphere, for example Infarctus myocardii. MAS. Delirium subsequente and also Myocardiopathia
hypertonica et diabetica in st. insuff. circulatoriae. Dementia vascularis ss. Such a stylistic device
2
is particularly frequent in the case of diagnoses in neurological and internist wards.
When describing the disturbances of consciousness one can also use traditional terms:
delirium – delirium, obnubilatio – twilight state, amentia – mental confusion, somnolentia
– somnolence, drowsiness, sopor – stupor, semicoma, coma – coma.

 F10-F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Many expressions are used to describe the alcohol dependence syndrome, e.g.: alcoholismus,
aetylismus chronicus, alcoholismus chronicus habitualis, descendants, dipsomania,
alcoholomania.
The last term seems to be the least accurate because its etymology refers to affective
disorders. However, the terms potomania or dipsomania can be used as eponyms, to hide
the diagnosis.
It should be noted that “substance abuse” is abusus, while “addiction” is addiction
or dependentia. Table 2 only takes into account the clinical conditions described by the fourth
character of the code. This is done due to the low diagnostic usefulness of general terms,
such as: “Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol = F10.-” which are included
in the ICD-10 classification after the description of clinical conditions.

 F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders

The eponym of the term “schizophrenia” is morbus Bleule (MB). In the case of this disease,
it is useful to add terms describing the severity and course of the episode, e.g.: schizophrenia
de novo, schizophrenia iuvenilis, schizophrenia chronica exacerbata. When the diagnosis is less
certain, the following terms should be used: suspicio psychosis schizophrenicae, observatio
quoad schizophreniam.

 F30-F39 Mood [affective] disorders

The severity of the disorder can be determined by adding the prefix “sub-“ for mild depressive
episodes (episodus subdepressivus) or as presented in the table (depressio lenta, benigna,
moderata, gravis).

 F40–F49 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders

The term “neurosis” is no longer used in the classification of ICD-10, and therefore
the following diagnoses should be avoided: neurosis depressiva (hysterica, anxietatis, obsessiva,
sexualis, posttraumatica, cordis, vegatativa etc.) [2]. Instead you can use the wording: reactio
(reactio propter grave psychotrauma), personalitas (hystrionica), syndroma (anxietatis) etc.
Sexual disorders are included in a separate group – they are not “assigned” to neurotic
disorders [1, 2, 4]. The proposed term hysteria anxietatisna for the designation of F41 disorders
seems less adequate than the term paroxysmus terroris panici [1].
Disorders occurring in the somatic form (F45) should be given together with the location,
and therefore not: dolor psychogenes, but: cephalgia psychogenes, abdominalgia psychogenes.
3
  F50-F59 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical
factors

In the case of these diagnostic categories, a given disorder should be described in detail
in the diagnosis; general wording, e.g. the word parorexia, should only be used if the type
of eating disorder cannot be determined.

 F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and behavior

Too general wording, e.g. the term “habit and impulse disorders”, are not translated, because
such phrases have little practical usefulness – in the diagnosis the type of disorder should
be named (which habit or impulse is disturbed). The term “borderline personality” is left
and not translated into Latin due to its prevalence in clinical practice.

 F70-F79 Mental retardation

Due to the pejorative meaning of previously used wordings, such as: idiotism (idiotia),
stupiditas, cretinismus, one should use only the terms given in the table [1, 5, 6].

 F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development

In accordance with the principle of avoiding too generic names, the following names are not
translated, to induce more precision in formulating diagnoses: “specific developmental
disorders of speech and language” and “pervasive developmental disorders”.

 F90-F98 Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood
and adolescence

The term “disorders of social functioning with onset specific to childhood and adolescence”
(F94) has been translated as syndroma institutionalis. Of the exemplary disorders in this
category, only “selective mutism” has been translated. It seems that the remaining expressions
(“reactive attachment disorder of childhood”, “disinhibited attachment disorder of childhood”)
do not have a good Latin equivalent, therefore it is proposed to stay on the term syndroma
institutionalis.

CONCLUSIONS

I hope that this work will fulfill its task and make it easier for psychiatrists to communicate with
doctors of other specialties. Perhaps this study will be also an introduction to the discussion
on psychiatric denominations. So far in the Polish literature only the nomenclature
of the following fields has been developed: anatomy, embryology, dermatology, obstetrics
and gynecology, and operative surgery [2].

4
LITERATURE

1. Międzynarodowa Statystyczna Klasyfikacja Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych. Rewizja

dziesiąta. Vol. 3. Kraków: Uniwersyteckie Wydawnictwo Medyczne Vesalius, 2000.
2. Piekarz, Marcin. Lingua latina medicinalis: Zasady poprawnego formułowania łacińskich
rozpoznań medycznych. Podręcznik dla lekarzy i studentów. Kraków: Medycyna Praktyczna,
1996.
3. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).
Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
4. Międzynarodowa Statystyczna Klasyfikacja Chorób i Problemów Zdrowotnych: Rewizja
dziesiąta. Vol. 1. Kraków: Uniwersyteckie Wydawnictwo Medyczne Vesalius, 2000.
5. Dąbrowska, Barbara. Słownik medyczny łacińsko-polski. Warszawa: PZWL, 1990.
6. Dąbrowska, Barbara. Słownik medyczny polsko-łaciński. Warszawa: PZWL, 1990.
7. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems: 10th
Revision. Vol. 1. Geneva: WHO, 2002.
8. Bilikiewicz, Tadeusz. Psychiatria kliniczna. Vol. 1. Ed. 7 revised. Warszawa: PZWL, 1988.
9. Korzeniowski, Lucjan, and Stanisław Pużyński. Encyklopedyczny słownik psychiatrii. Ed. 2
revised and expanded. Warszawa: PZWL, 1986.
10. Bilikiewicz, Adam, Stanisław Pużyński, Janusz Rybakowski, and Jacek Wciórka. Psychiatria:
Podstawy psychiatrii. Vol. 1. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Medyczne Urban & Partner, 2002.

5
Table 1. F00-F09 Organic, including symptomatic, mental disorders [1, 4-7]

Code number Name of the ICD-10 Proposed Latin equivalent

of the ICD-10 category
category
F00 Dementia in Alzheimer Dementia in decursu morbi Alzheimeri, Morbus Alzheimer
disease typus 1,2 (senilis = dementia primaria degeneratia cum
origine in praesenio (in senio) or cum origine tarda, atypica,
cum origine praecoci, Dementia Alzheimer mixta
F01 Vascular dementia Dementia vasogenes, vascularis, cum origine acuta, mixta
corticalis et subcorticalis, subcorticalis, multiinfarctica
F02 Dementia in other diseases Dementia in decursu (morbi) [name of a disease], dementia
classified elsewhere in chorea Huntington (dementia Huntington), in deficientia
niacini, in deficientia vitamini B12, in degeneratione
hepatolenticulari, in epilepsia, in hypercalcaemia,
in hyperthyreoidismo acquisito,
in immunodeficientia acquisita (HIV), in intoxicationibus,
in lipidosi cerebri, in lupo erythematoso systemico, in morbo
Creutzfeldt-Jakob, dementia Parkinson (in parkinsonismo),
dementia Pick, in paralysi agitanti, in polyarteris nodosa,
in sclerosi multiplici, in trypanosomiasi
F03 Unspecified dementia Dementia non specifica
F04 Organic amnesic Syndroma amnesticum organicum (amentia organica),
syndrome, not induced S. Korsakow non alcoholicum, s. amnesticum non alcoholicum
by alcohol and other et non addictivum
psychoactive substances
F05 Delirium, not induced Delirium in decursu [dalej następuje nazwa choroby]
by alcohol and other
psychoactive substances
F06.0 Organic hallucinosis Hallucinosis organica
F06.1-F06.5 Organic catatonic, Catatonia organica, delusiones organicae (disturbationes
delusional (schizophrenia- paranoidales organicae, paranoido – hallucinatoriae
like), mood (affective), organicae), disturbationes affectivae organicae, dissociativae
dissociative disorder
F06.6 Organic emotionally labile Labilitas affectiva (emotionalis) organica
(asthenic) disorder
F06.7 Mild cognitive disorder Dysgnosia benigna
F06.8-F06.9 Other specified mental Perturbationes psychicae inductae per... (in decursu...),
disorders due to brain S. cerebralis organicum
damage and dysfunction
and to physical disease
F07.0 Organic personality Characteropathia (Perturbationes personalitatis organicae,
disorder Personalitas pseudopsychopathica organica, Personalitas
pseudoretardata organica), syndroma disturbationis
personalitatis in epilepsia temporali, syndroma lobi frontalis,
syndroma post lobotomiam
F07.1 Postencephalitic syndrome Syndroma post encephalitidem
F07.2 Postconcussional Syndroma post commotionem (contusionem) cerebri,
syndrome s. posttraumaticum non-psychoticum
F07.8-F07.9 Other (unspecified) Cerebropsychosis, encephalopsychosis; psychosis cardiaca,
organic personality and S. psychoorganicum non-specificum
behavioural disorders
due to brain disease,
damage and dysfunction
F09 Unspecified organic Perturbationes mentales organicae non-specificae
or symptomatic mental
disorder

6
Table 2. F10-F19 Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use [1, 4, 7-9]
Code number Name of the ICD-10
of the ICD-10 category
category
1x.0 Acute intoxication
1x.1 Harmful use (psychoactive
substance abuse)
1x.2 Dependence syndrome
(alcohol, opioids,
cannabinoids, sedatives
or hypnotics, cocaine,
other stimulants, including
caffeine, hallucinogens,
tobacco, volatile solvents)
1x.3 Withdrawal state
1x.4 Withdrawal state with
delirium
1x.5 Psychotic disorder
(alcoholic hallucinosis,
jealousy, paranoia,
psychosis NOS)
1x.6 Amnesic syndrome
1x.7 Residual and late-onset
psychotic disorder
Table 3. F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders [1, 4-8]
Code number Name of the ICD-10
of the ICD-10 category
category
F20 Schizophrenia (paranoid,
hebephrenic, catatonic,
undifferentiated, post-
schizophrenic depression,
residual, simple)
F21 Schizotypal disorder
F22 Persistent delusional
disorders
F23 Acute and transient
psychotic disorders
F24 Induced delusional
disorder
F25 Schizoaffective disorders
(manic type, depressive
type, mixed type)
Proposed Latin equivalent
Intoxicatio (...) alcoholica (acuta)
Abusus [alcoholi(s)], substantiae psychoactivae
Dependentio (Dependentia, Addictio) alcoholi, remediis
(remediorum), medicamentis, in the case of alcohol:
potomania, potatorium, dipsomania, other substances:
Heroinismus (heroinomania), cocainismus, addictio remedii
(psycho)stimulatorii, coffeini (caffeini), addictio remedii
hallucinatorii, nicotinismus,odoratio (olfactio osmesia,
osphesis) collae or addictio diluentis organici effumabilis
(volatilis)
Syndroma abstinentivum (S. abstinentiae or abstinentia e.g.
abstinentia alcoholica)
Delirium alcoholicum (tremens), Syndroma abstinentiae cum
delirio
Psychosis (hallucinosis, paranoia alcoholica,
invidia alcoholica)
Syndroma amnesticum
Psychosis residualis albo psychosis lenta (tarda) in decursu...,
syndroma cerebralis alcoholicum chronicum,
dementia alcoholic
Proposed Latin equivalent
Schizophrenia (morbus Bleuleri) paranoidalis, Schizophrenia
hebefrenica, Schizophrenia catatonica (stupor, raptus
catatonicus), Schizophrenia residualis (status residualis
schizophrenicus), Schizophrenia simplex, Syndroma
depressivum in decursu schizophreniae
Psychosis schizoaffectiva maniacalis, depressiva, mixta, reactio
schizophrenica latens
Psychosis delusionalis persistens, S. sensitiva delusionum
referentium (recurrentium)
Psychosis acuta, Reactio schizophrenica
Delusiones inductae, Paranoia inducta
Perturbationes schizoaffectivae (maniacalies, depressivae,
mixtae)
7
Table 4. F30-F39 Mood [affective] disorders [1, 4, 7, 8]
Code number Name of the ICD-10 category
of the ICD-10
category
F30 Manic episode, hypomania, mania without
psychotic symptoms
F31 Bipolar affective disorder
– current episode: hypomanic, manic
without psychotic symptoms, manic with
psychotic symptoms, mild or moderate
depression, severe depression
without/with psychotic symptoms, mixed;
currently in remission
F32 Depressive episode (mild, moderate,
severe without/with psychotic symptoms)
F33 Recurrent depressive disorder (current
episode mild, moderate, severe
without/with psychotic symptoms)
F34 Persistent mood (affective) disorders,
cyclothymia, dysthymia
Table 5. F40-F49 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders [1, 2, 4-9]
Code number Name of the ICD-10 category
of the ICD-10
category
F40 Phobic anxiety disorders: agoraphobia,
social phobias, specific (isolated) phobias,
acrophobia, animal phobias,
claustrophobia, simple phobia
F41 Panic disorder, generalized anxiety
disorder, mixed anxiety and depressive
disorder
F42 Obsessive-compulsive disorder
F43 Reaction to severe stress, and adjustment Reactio propter grave psychotrauma
disorders
F43.0 Acute stress reaction
F43.1 Post-traumatic stress disorder (traumatic
neurosis)
F43.2 Adjustment disorders, grief reaction
F44 Dissociative (conversion) disorders
F44.1-F44.6 Amnesia, fugue, stupor, trance and
possession disorders, motor disorders,
convulsions, anaesthesia and sensory loss
F44.8 Ganser syndrome
F45 Somatoform disorders
F45.0 Somatization disorder
F45.2 Hypochondriacal disorder
Proposed Latin equivalent
Mania, hypomania cum (sine) psychosis
Psychosis bipolaris (maniacalis-depressiva,
circularis, cyclica), episodus (hypo)maniacalis
(sine, cum) psychosis, praesens – remissio
Depressio benigna, media, gravis, cum
psychosis (psychotica)
Syndroma depressivum recurrens, benigna,
maligna, sine (cum) psychosis
Perturbationes affectivae intertatae,
Cyclothymia, dysthymia, Personalitas
cyclothymica, Personalitas cycloids
Proposed Latin equivalent
Phobiae specificae (singulares): agoraphobia
(Terror panicus cum agoraphobia),
phobia socialis, simplex, phobia animalia,
claustrophobia
Paroxysmus terroris panici, status terroris panici,
sine (cum) terrore panico in anamesi, reactio
(status) anxietatis, anxietas, hysteria anxietatis
Syndroma anancasticum (S. anancasticae)
et desadaptationes
Reactio acuta propter psychotrauma
Neurosis posttraumatica
Reactio adaptativa
Perturbationes dissociativae
Amnesia, Personalitas multiplex, aphonia
psychogenes, surditas psychogenes, stupor
dissociativus
S. Ganser
—
Somatisatio
Hypochondriasis
8
F45.3 Somatoform autonomic dysfunction Syndroma Da Costa, astenia neurocirculatoria,
(cardiac neurosis, Da Costa syndrome, aerophagia psychogenes, colon irritabile,
gastric neurosis, neurocirculatory hyperventilatio psychogenes
asthenia, psychogenic forms of:
aerophagy, cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia,
dysuria, flatulence, hiccough,
hyperventilation, increased frequency of
micturition, irritable bowel syndrome,
pylorospasm)
F45.4 Persistent somatoform pain disorder Dolor psychogenes (also possible with
determining the location, e.g. psychogenic
abdominal pain = abdominalgia psychogenes)

F45.8 Other somatoform disorders Torticollis psychogenes

(psychogenic dysmenorrhoea, dysphagia,
pruritus, torticollis, teeth-grinding)
F48, F48.0 Other neurotic disorders, neurasthenia
F48.1 Depersonalization-derealization
syndrome
F48.8 Other specified neurotic disorders
(Briquet’s disorder *, Dhat syndrome,
occupational neurosis, including writer
cramp, psychasthenia, psychasthenic
neurosis, psychogenic syncope)
Neurastenia, depersonalisatio, syndroma
Depersonalisationis-derealisationis, syndroma
fatigationis (coenaestesiopathia)
Syndroma Briquet, S. Dhat, neurosis
psychastenica, psychastenia, syncope
psychogenes (psychogenica)

* The ICD-10 update from 1999 moved the term "Briquet's disorder" from F48.8 to F45 (translator’s note).

Table 6. Phobic anxiety disorders – selection [8, 10]

Agoraphobia — fear of open places

Aichmophobia — fear of sharp things
Acrophobia — fear of heights
Algophobia — fear of pain
Bacteriophobia — fear of bacteria (or specific: pthisiophobia, syphilidophobia)
Claustrophobia — fear of narrow or closed rooms
Dromophobia — fear of traveling
Dysmorphophobia — fear of face distortion (possibly delusional)
Ejdechtychthophobia — fear of having repulsive appearance
Erythrophobia — fear of blushing
Gephyrophobia — fear of bridges
Hipsophobia — fear of depth
Keraunophobia — fear of thunders
Monophobia — fear of being alone
Mysophobia — fear of contamination
Nosophobia — fear of contracting a disease
Nyctophobia — fear of darkness
Ochlophobia — fear of crowds
Photophobia — fear of light
Thanatophobia — fear of dying
Tokophobia — fear of childbirth
Tresophobia — fear of eating allegedly harmful foods
Triskaidekaphobia — fear of the number 13, allegedly bringing misfortune

9
Table 7. F50-F59 Behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical
factors [1, 4-7]
Code number Name of the ICD-10 category Proposed Latin equivalent
of the ICD-10
category
F50 Eating disorders Parorexia
F50.0, F50.3 (Atypical) anorexia nervosa, (atypical) Anorexia nervosa seu psychica (atypica),
bulimia nervosa psychogenes, bulimia nervosa (atypica)
F50.4, F50.5 Overeating (vomiting) associated with Vomitus psychogenes
other psychological disturbances
F50.8 Other eating disorders (pica in adults, Pica
psychogenic loss of appetite)
F51 Nonorganic sleep disorders Insomnia anorganica
F51.0, F51.5 Nonorganic insomnia, hypersomnia, Insomnia, hypersomnia (anorganica),
disorder of the sleep-wake schedule, somnabulismus, pavor nocturnus
sleepwalking (somnambulism), sleep
terrors (night terrors), nightmares
F52 Sexual dysfunction, not caused by Dysfunctio sexualis
organic disorder or disease
F52.0 Lack or loss of sexual desire, sexual Dyspareunia, aversio sexualis, erectio preacox,
aversion and lack of sexual enjoyment hypersexualitas, vaginismus anorganicus,
(sexual anhedonia), failure of genital psychogenes, anorgasmia psychogenes,
response (female sexual arousal hypoorgasmia virorum, hypoorgasmia feminarum,
disorder, male erectile disorder, hypoaphrodisia, hyperlibido
psychogenic impotence), orgasmic
dysfunction, premature ejaculation,
nonorganic vaginismus, nonorganic
dyspareunia, excessive sexual drive
F53.0, F53.1 Postnatal depression, postpartum Depressio post partum (depressio post natalis),
depression, puerperal psychosis psychosis perinatalis
F54 Psychological and behavioural factors e.g. Dyspnoe propter (...)
associated with disorders or diseases [name of a psychological factor]
classified elsewhere
(psychological factors affecting
physical conditions)
F55 Abuse of non-dependence-producing Abusus (...) [name of a substance], e.g.
substances antiacidorum, herbarum, hormonorum, remediorum
traditionalium, steroidorum, vitaminorum

Table 8. F60-F69 Disorders of adult personality and behaviour [1, 4-7]

Code number Name of the ICD-10 category Proposed Latin equivalent

of the ICD-10
category
F60 Specific personality disorders Personalitas perturbata (perturbationes
personalitatis)
F60.0 Paranoid personality disorder Personalitas paranoica (expansivo-paranoica,
paranoids, phanatica, querulatoria, sensitive-
paranoica)
F60.1 Schizoid personality disorder P. schizoids (schizotypica)
F60.2 Dissocial personality disorder P. antisocialis (asocialis, sociopathica, dissocialis,
psychopathica, sociopathica)
F60.3 Emotionally unstable personality P. aggresiva (“confines”, emotionaliter labilis,
disorder, explosive, borderline explosiva), personalitas “borderline”
F60.4 Histrionic personality disorder P. histrionica (hysterica, psychoinfantilis)

10
 F60.5 Anankastic personality disorder P. anankastica, compulsiva, compulsivo-obsessiva,
obsessive
F60.6 Anxious [avoidant] personality P. timida (fugens)
disorder
F60.7 Dependent personality disorder P. asthenica (autohumilitans, dependens,
inadequata passiva)
F60.8 Other specific personality disorders: P. eccentrica, osequens (abulica), immatura,
personality (disorder) eccentric, narcistica, passivo-agressiva, psychoneurotica
"haltlose" type, immature, narcissistic,
passive-aggressive, psychoneurotic
F60.9 Personality disorder, unspecified, Personalitas pathologica
pathological personality
F61 Mixed and other personality disorders Personalitas perturbata mixta, alia
F62 Enduring personality changes, not Personalitas perturbata
attributable to brain damage and
disease
F62.0, F62.1 Enduring personality change after Personalitas perturbata post catastropham,
catastrophic experience, after post morbum psychicum
psychiatric illness
F63 Habit and impulse disorders —
F63.0, F63.3 Pathological gambling, fire-setting Lusus pathologicus, piromania, kleptomania
(pyromania), stealing (kleptomania)
F64 Gender identity disorders Trannssexualismus, transvestitismus,
(transsexualism, dual-role perturbationes identificationes sexuales infantium
transvestism, gender identity disorder
of childhood)
F65 Disorders of sexual preference Exhibitionismus, scotophilia, pedophilia,
(fetishism, fetishistic transvestism, masochismus (algolagnia passiva), sadismus
exhibitionism, voyeurism, paedophilia, (algolagnia activa)
sadomasochism)
F66 Psychological and behavioural Perturbationes relationes sexualis, sexualitas
disorders associated with sexual egodystonica
development and orientation
(sexual maturation disorder,
egodystonic sexual orientation,
sexual relationship disorder)
F68 Other disorders of adult personality Perturbationes simulatae (or with an example
and behaviour, Elaboration of physical of a disorder, e.g. abdominalgia — simulatio),
symptoms for psychological reasons, S. Munchhausen
Intentional production or feigning
of symptoms or disabilities, either
physical or psychological (factitious
disorder), e.g. Münchhausen
syndrome

Table 9. F70-F79 Mental retardation [1, 4, 7]

Code number Name of the ICD-10 category Proposed Latin equivalent

of the ICD-10
category
F70-F73 Mild, moderate, severe, profound mental Retardatio mentalis gradu minoris, moderata,
retardation gradu maioris, profunda

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Table 10. F80-F89 Disorders of psychological development [1, 4-7]

Code number Name of the ICD-10 category Proposed Latin equivalent

of the ICD-10
category
F80 Specific developmental disorders of speech —
and language
F80.0 Specific speech articulation disorder Perturbationes eloquentiae
F80.1 Expressive language disorder Aphasia motorica
F80.2 Receptive language disorder Aphasia sensorica
F80.3 Acquired aphasia with epilepsy Aphasia cum epilepsia
(Landau-Kleffner) (Syndroma Landau-Kleffner)
F81 Specific developmental disorders —
of scholastic skills
F81.0 Specific reading disorder Dyslexia
F81.1 Specific spelling disorder Dysortographia
F81.2 Specific disorder of arithmetical skills Dyscalculia
F81.3 Mixed disorder of scholastic skills Perturbationes competentiae institutionales
mixtae (non-specificae)
F82 Specific developmental disorder of motor Perturbationes motoricae specificae
function
F84 Pervasive developmental disorders —
F84.0, F84.1 Childhood autism, atypical autism Autismus infantilis, atypicus, Syndroma Kanner
F84.2, F84.5 Rett syndrome, Asperger syndrome Syndroma Rett, Asperger
F84.3 Other childhood disintegrative disorder Syndroma Heller, dementia infantilis
F84.4 Overactive disorder associated with mental Hyperkinesis cum retardatione mentali
retardation and stereotyped movements et motionibus stereotypicis

Table 11. F90-F98 Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood
and adolescence [1, 4-7, 9]

Code number Name of the ICD-10 category Proposed Latin equivalent

of the ICD-10
category
F90 Hyperkinetic disorders Syndroma hyperkineticum,
hyperkinesiae (Syndromae
hyperexcitationis motoricae)
F90.0 Disturbance of activity and attention Syndroma deficientiae (deficientia)
attentionis cum hyperactivitate
F90.1 Hyperkinetic conduct disorder Reactio hyperkinetica infantium
et adolescentium
F91 Conduct disorders (confined to the family context, Pathergasia, cum (sine)
unsocialized, socialized, oppositional defiant) disturbationes socialisatione
F92 Mixed disorders of conduct and emotions —
(depressive conduct disorder), other mixed
disorders of conduct and emotions, mixed disorder
of conduct and emotions, unspecified
F93 Emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood Anxietas excessiva infantium,
(separation anxiety disorder of childhood, phobic Anxietas separationis infantium,
anxiety disorder of childhood, social anxiety Phobiae infantium, anxietas socialis
disorder of childhood, sibling rivalry disorder, other infantium, Perturbationes
childhood emotional disorders, childhood emotional emotionales infantium
disorder, unspecified)

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 F94 Disorders of social functioning with onset specific
to childhood and adolescence (elective mutism,
reactive attachment disorder of childhood,
disinhibited attachment disorder of childhood)
F95, F95.1 Tic disorders, Transient tic disorder, Chronic motor
or vocal tic disorder
F95.2 Combined vocal and multiple motor tic disorder
(de la Tourette)
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Syndroma institutionalis, mutismus
selectivus
Spasmi motoricae, spasmi vocales
Syndroma Giles de la Tourettae
= myospasiae impulsivae vocalis
et motoricae
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