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Abstract—Generally the power system is frequently faced and other static equipment that provide control of one or
various disturbances. These disturbances will cause to more AC transmission system and increase the capacity
create harmonics and oscillations in the system which lead of power transfer”
to operate protection relays. Further this will cause to create
a total system failure. Different techniques and devices are As Fig. 1 depicts, FACTS devices can be subdivided
used in order to control these power system oscillations and
improve the power quality. One of the techniques is use of
in to two categories based on the power electronic
FACT (flexible alternating current transmission system) devices used in the control. They are Voltage Source
devices. FACT devices improve controllability of power Converter (VSC) based FACTS and Thyristor valve base
system operation. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) FACTS. UPFC is modern FACTS device which was
is one of the recently founded FACT device which is developed based on VSC control technology. Different
constructed using modern power electronics technology to
control the active and reactive power of the power system.
FACTS controllers are used to provide corrective actions
Developing an UPFC for transmission line model and for different steady-state operating problems in power
analyzing impact on power quality on transmission line in system. Table 1 shows some applications of the FACTS
abnormal conditions would be presented in this paper. devices.
Moreover, MATLAB/Simulink models for subsystems of the
UPFC are also developed to create a simulation model of
UPFC with transmission line model.
I.INTRODUCTION
Dynamic nature of the power system causes to
frequent disturbances in the system which can drive the
system to an unstable state. This continues failures will
lower the power system reliability and power quality
index of the system. Power quality is a combination of
voltage quality and current quality. The UPFC is one of Fig. 1.Classification of FACTS devices
the modern FACTS device that can be used to improve
power quality and reliability. UPFC also increases TABLE I. FACTS CONTROLLERS FOR STEADY- STATE
OPERATING PROBLMES
transient and dynamic grid stability of the system by
controlling both active and reactive power flow through a Operating problem Corrective action FACTS controller
Voltage limits:
transmission line. With the increasing demand, the Low voltage at Supply reactive
SVC, STATCOM
existing transmission network should be used optimally heavy load power
rather than constructing new transmission lines. UPFC High voltage at low Absorb reactive SVC, STATCOM,
load power TCR
provide better utilization of transmission system assets Thermal limits:
which already exist and provide environmental benefits. Transmission circuit
Reduce overload
TCSC,
overload SSSC,UPFC,PS
FACTS technology concept was introduced by Tripping of parallel
Limit circuit loading TCSC,SSSC,UPFC,PS
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in the late circuit
Power flows:
1980’s. This concept is used in worldwide to improve the
Parallel line load Adjust series
system quality, reliability, stability and power flow with sharing reactance
TCSC,SSSC,UPFC
the existing power systems [1]. FACTS technology is Power flow direction
defined by the IEEE as "a power electronic based system Adjust phase angle TCSC, SSSC,PS
reversal
1
978-1-5090-5682-8 /17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
International Conference on Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies [i-PACT2017]
By using inverter circuit, controllable ac voltage with a III.SIMULATION MODEL OF UPFC AND TRANSMISSION
magnitude of ܸ௦ ሺͲ ܸ௦ ܸ௦ሺ୫ୟ୶ሻ ሻ and phase angle of LINE
ሺͲ ͵Ͳሻcan be injectedto the transmission line In order to develop Simulink model of the UPFC,
through series transformer. Fig.3 and Fig.4 shows the Total system have been sub divided in to several sub
single line diagram and voltage and current phasor systems and develop Simulink models. Sub systems are
diagram of UPFC respectively. simulated separately and integrated these subsystems as a
one system.
The series injecting voltage which has magnitude of
ܸ௦ and phase angle of can be controlled by controlling A. Transmission line model
the converter and inverter circuit operation. It implies that
ܸଶ and ߜ can be controlled. Active and reactive power Transmission line model is designed to test the operation
flow through transmission line can be calculated using of the UPFC. As Fig.5 UPFC is connected in between
following equation. transmission line 2 and 3. By using this configuration,
active power and reactive power flow through the
ܸଶ ܸଷ ܵ݅݊ሺߜሻ transmission line 3 can be controlled.
ݓ݈݂ݎ݁ݓ݁ݒ݅ݐܿܣሺܲሻ ൌ
ܺ
In this Simulink model, different loads are connected
ܸଶ ሺܸଶ െ ܸଷ ݏܥሺߜሻሻ to switch from the system at different times. UPFC is to
ܴ݁ܽܿݓ݈݂ݎ݁ݓ݁ݒ݅ݐሺܲሻ ൌ
ܺ be connected between bus 3 and bus 4 as Fig. 6.
According to that, by adjusting magnitude of B. Inverter & Converter circuits
ܸ௦ and phase angle of , both active and reactive power
flows through transmission line can be controlled. Inverter circuit controls the magnitudeሺܸ௦ ሻand phase
angle ሺሻof the injecting voltage. By controlling the gate
The main function of converter is to absorb or signals of the IGBT, the series injecting voltage can be
supply real power to inverter circuit through dc link. It controlled.
can also absorb generated adjustable reactive power if it Converter circuit control the DC link voltage input to
can provide bidirectional operation. By disconnecting the inverter circuit. Active power flow through converter-
from DC link and connecting to the DC source, converter inverter circuit can be controlled by controlling the gate
and inverter can operate independently. (i.e. as signals of the IGBTs.
STATCOM and SSSC)
Bus 1 Bus 2
3
International Conference on Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies [i-PACT2017]
V.SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS TABLE II. STAT ICAL DATA OF SIMULATION
Voltage Variation
Fig.11. Comparative analysis of reactive power reference of
UPFC and SSSC
Voltage Variation
Voltage Variation
5
International Conference on Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies [i-PACT2017]