COMMUNICATION System ~ IL nboeiuction i- The RarPabe Of Communication System to transport o” Information - bering signal From a Sourte to o Usta dthtinakion Via & Communication Chamned « > Canbe on analoy oy dijits type > Im Analoy Comm” S/n information —bearinf Sijnah 'n Combinuaualy Nerint in both amplikale and time, and 1% Used dirty to Modify Some characrbic Of e Semahoidel Conriey ware, Such as Amplitude , Phahe and Sreauen (9. DTM Sisntet orm” Sin jafermobion- heorin] signal 1s Proceed ho teak je com be Befrcsentel bd % Seauence of Dihcorte mMUbasch - > Joust of dyftad town” u lengtly duc te Fallowiny faclerh, SB crenpat. .ot tompuley, = Offerh Sueasbinty amd Compal ty, — rmproved ye Mia bihily coven of ee) Bolte SheinersieBlock diedoam of atat Communication System / @ Basic Sant Proceing © Raton’ it ANGitot commmenicat ons 0 ELE dst es | Souris, Choment \ Svcd} } smreader| MES te envoder mars tre digitat Sryrat Jenerated at Peale inte cmother Syrat (or digel Foret be edule, Eneiey mar the ditiet Surat tmto Chraomnel MAL re heed af Channed mciit 4 mint otise damp : endenty to Poovtde Jehwdle ghiklA Wn QoMemirécde,Waveform Waveform Codiny Techutauds ——esS Bounded ott After SamPhing tne ducocte Signet has to Coitorer trated) ro the ears t copoe toe finite; Sei cet duh Coe te davals, Ao drut bot bene and complitude are 1” WAcacte fom, ma Ollerh the Collowing the diitar yePrsenrtation of analey Sy AWan ages . Ruggyeanc Lo travanifkion mobe and imter feverle coded Signa along ue we Etkecient Yeyeneration Ot the Lrammidion Path - secnity y diffeocnte Kinch nrg h Use OF em (a PHION. ot bahebund SJ mas. © Privy amd 2 Umifrrm format Fo Aihavankale = Tnteeaked boerhoisiom banduodth. hbo a Cla of Sifrat Coders Kean a6 Wave for Pom buon Coats. code molulation. (Pc ) C Tread <7, xem) (c) Treoaniyion Path and Recency Na lots) Sf COSA OFO Somptiy. IMeoming Meee wave & Goon) Leiter joer of = FRardew aetlomfulay Puldeds The Samplin} date anual i 92enke hen brite the higneat freauertd Comfonent Wo mitdhage Coaue Fox Peatect Peromblauctio. Lous Pad Filter W uted bela samnifley to Chmmnate freauentte, rater Wan Ui be fer Sameer) « ®_ Qvcortsyny Range: rtrd bee, Ducect« bane CombiniorA QOPHHRE Spyro > combinions coma ate Sit + Dikcocte. time, (ragyea, — Dderie bo, Guankiyy 4% Contintoud Qomtkidde Syret Dikeaet™ Aamphtiod sunt putes Unio ang NOM emt form (yobust) Pines wie ee bee: bed e Ma Goi yeykey Guonl:pakion ( Mitorewn Penh) 4 oulfut Begins) 4 a Peak 8 Pea. 9 exturkion Quarligukon $2707 fxr) Yer ~bf > detihion kev oy deebion thecsnelié —> SynerA oF Stoi7euie > Ofp % Ghhisned a dthcocte Valut Sefetcy foot O St oe Aefachin bakeon Lesh ox, Feconstouction Vetuek —> “Laces” oF eh > Symmetric ( Boy my bed on} amare) ane > memorn lub , Qumlipution €r~7,B) Encoiin) Sworn) Proceth had 6: boumsleke the Camplte Naluch to a mort APPraratete cer Ginery- © Code Element or Smbol—> Sol ome “1 SR eke Pe OOOH! Charette? Suppose ima bimasy (ode , Cuch ise ton rcieemt 2 hAbnce hinds. oO oO Ne, Sreammtles- Om eee aca 1 form eje- word Consists oF of Act Sigurd disiete of m bits, Then 7 2") L Non-aeburn 9 290, UniPoler ile Vv ce = Non-return to s/s { : i ae i oad Decision Regencoated alcin§ pre CHAI Gas. SS Caualtquktom, bimins amd dcesien paki) cuacuta 23 Gualyey, Sheth ee fulken con) Compenbeke for amp 2 frase gislrbion (duc to crennl) Pemevic Pulse tren, derived foom yeeetved 5 Treninf_cpteah Prowler Seambsny the Coualized pubes for biel Eine tne SNR WN Myenietag —> DEUdhion meet ake O7Ce}uwr- biome wl {terval 6F Fulks ot the ymckeml oF Sus nek Crouse > Compares eam) Cuualize) hy thro} and taka Iecuston@ Dlrre deetone yes" 4 tA, & Chean mew Pulse A frcmannit ted bo tre EXE = FEPeake- The WYmnerakd sijrel gtfasta trem the or fimat Smet for twe main achonss hhannck noize and jm bea be vem ce make wreny d ay Gonsimcted SU Sree | @) Mulkiplexing . DP Time divihven Mulbitlerar} or Pom n My es M2 M pa Ma, as 00,010, 001X110, Jot ,ov9} Fame D> Syrthronibiny Pulse abe Eo) oF Suthe Frame,Quam hgalion Noise ord Siynal-tonoise Rabie dh) 3 (nts J do (nts) = 9lts) - Jains) Quanligakion errr = Ge meike eels tne gondom Varialie Gass @uantigquhon €2397 a> ibe Semple Nahe. The PDE of Gucnlgatam ermr Od fala) L : Peto . a fot) = {2 a 9 Oo 4 Sdferwht7e. 43 fo { fades —F/aThe Variance of tr Quam ligatior pes/Q Aes |e I | / ¢) aN ie dy aa a ( 8 1 [43 x = oA | 4 12 It T, » the number of Auombigetion Levels and biEA peo Sem Phe Wed mare (od ¢, MN genote The number 06 Im tne ComShouctiort ot the bi alhen (eee. oy Nz 409, remme Siymat 9€) had renge (—Inwe, + donee) vren Pe 2 dmax = 2 Imay = Q” Sxamlle - TF Ik) Am CoArnfmnt i Pe fig: An’ ord Sew = fn ~an an. Then Oe Am ond [sna], = 3 a 6-dB aude. so a 3 an ty |, a BNR], inde = Jo la] 2"| 1.8+6n 18.Problems on Pom 11) WW) © A POM Syhten Ukth a Uniforn Quantizer Followed by O t-bit eniojey. The bilswe of the System *A JO MBPS. (a) Whek ‘& the messaje benduidth for cshich tne Srblew oferaltA Aakia facoriky 2 (b) Determine tne oulpur Sijnal-bo- Auiantiziny mote zokio when a Sinuboidel modjuleki7g wave of Freauenty Jmea 4% apfied to the imfut. 1". oot sit Gwin -Ry= Go x10° bibWccc, lay i porta ene =) bye 4 Bw s>"p, ant Ry=nfs ee Ry, = See" yn. ee 03 /o = 3.5 4 MHA. (b) Gngl.= fab bn = 4.3.46 dB. 38 @ A 10 kA Simuheid wrth amplitule Level o€ +1 XKtobe Sample) 27d Quambiaed by oundiny off. How mary HLA’ ome eOuixed bo ensure O @uantigation ENRb of ye dB? What he Vitale OF Me digitize] Siynal {¢ the Sampling gate % Choosen Qh twice @d Ayoubk Yoke %Sol fen $y > BE IORHY) Gna t IVa rR), ,, 2 4s dB > Gk), je > hth +6n 2 45 dB |nz us 1.46 4, A = fa > hes Sea Qxaw = Loktg bie gaee = Reena Cac 37S Loklg = 320 KBPS (oh (20007 B) a sin (ooo) ay) @ ane snot go> 2 oft UbingG & 1Q- bit QGuantiZes- Guankiged bY gounding ed % the FM Ouankigakion Cxv0 Quantigakion piv). ar nen J= 2 04 (overt) — ea. € a ee Jow xy and te Le Sier(Ueovol” )@ D —the data trem jo different Sourts doe boeujil to a Processing Comer New and are Sampled, Quantired, binary Coded and bime-divikion mullirketed, ~The mmubeipunes deba axe then bacrbamitted tothe 707i tari Stakion. The banjauin of Cath Signal % J00RHZ, he amaximum §alleplable Carer im the Sam phe amplitude es 2.5: 7, of tne Pak Sijna amplitude . The eect grate mut be obltast. busied the Nyauirr Weke. Sameplin§ ee ke. hand oun (Bee) ee Determine the mint bo baamsntt thése dake. ie we een. eke 7 cae fret Axlookg= Qoo va. Lpo0ok3. Samtiny rok “fs = 2% Eels, for 10 sigruls Il = 4000 Jeewnd. ZL 0295 Yee > Sete 400 Naturist eke = ox Yoo Tolol number 0 prantane LIeF® A NiorVee SiJmok J(t) = bSimart vol % Sent uAiny ) Le bit Yona PCM Sygten, “The Quantiaer ’6 of amidriAe type, with aster Sige ATIV. Skekhtne Pom wave for ane Complete Gayle oF re MPU, Axpuming & Semple gate oF Lt Sampnrfecond, wit Samp baker of bets, +H, tZ,.---- Seconds 6/0 pS poh o6v' ee pes at sues, SpRobust (Non-unifrm) Quon igakion ® For Same Sifras Lake Sfeech uniform auanbgok not e|fficient. Small conplivusels Spawn re Prcdcrira”! Attained Leids im Speech Signath trom harjer sont’ at high Quenliney provixs he Sone ye hohe. we human carr Lt Gs of bow bvilb, even trash Sembilive bo chenyh oF Wigner Lindh, the KATHE of human eager % nonlinur. x6) aad hari y J A nonuritern guankiger Pratkicolly Jinth o Quonigakien poihe yatio thak Yemains cgntetante (07 a Uke Fanye oF input Nobtage Leveds. 50, nonuniter” Guonlizer % Cobhed Tobuse. Y@ , outtor e— trmbley Charest vive of menyritoren GuanlZey. ange yb) y bar) Yalr7s) Sam Plt ard Poe epee ae tan 9 CnPrene Yu lots) tee eZ Unikom tRex No Compribier. Guscer| a Chavon an x(t) ansREM Siitem wily Amaloy ComPerdind ney ERE {emrrc] fi] forcing reed > oe : Regenerate Bopanna} fae eT ene Rejenatio” ats Depaies Pe oat - Low ComPandirg ——— re in USA ot} Jafangmd Canada — wa Ymoe (moremnned owt) ZN oo at H> oonount oF Compassion. x (mormatize Enfot Luar Frit Comprchien ChreaeetesiAve ML = bl (Fone Ce eal ae in fi+e] The early Bell Syten Uses at bu PEM 60h with Ma 100 The most Feent diZitor teesmiion Srsteon Uke S-bit PEM with M=955. @ (ona), = 34 ‘ fy Ee aga | ay i HK determine the Tange of Signal Power tn whee the ousPat Signai—te Noise Yatto BE a uniform Qucnlixr wilh ComPartiser 4A Felatively. Constant.A-law Companding sp and Logica > Anew pas Slighky SAatter BNR] trem M-bevw » interior to M-haw yn leand SE —channeL noike) Paes en Evechcam countite > f~luw compordind {A Smau- Signe Gvally (idle The Compression — Charueteatsle AM ‘ ae ee VL = m 2 Of Xm — A yar inf (2 i+ inf (Sa) i oihes bel oy ea A= anew = (mowmalaed output) tee Oe a. (monetized Input) The Prattiial (dgandird) Value of A used ie Jilagitat teleftomy » Ax Stb BNR]. in dB. 159 ComPanded Quantiger (m= 955)ds) YAULEK Poo Compondint Gan ( Gre) D> Parameter for CUMAKINY Ly pracement nat Ube 0F — ComPanding &.- be a Me yan 9M Fev as baw = Am[ 4 (ow) Yorox fit) cond Ue ronan let Y= (Yman a vs — nlite) The ia Tn (14) | ch ( {ky oo Gee BO a ed Info (ee NL be = Tali) W Foy A dau fe Au ily, bee Ee hice = A z_A ItlojeA |+lna le 2 A CH ht dn (A) For Leryt Value of Ho, Init) X Jt in(0) : so t+dn(™) FST Mea, tre Mold cond Aclaw have seme Cntous)Th 4 Lt canbe Shown tet for Smal Sy ynels tne wy Jmal-to- noise Fekio fox a Nonuniform Quanlracy Ubing A-law Compandin} an) uniform Quankiaer are Bhat ba 10 bog [05 R)p.r04] = 10 hog { (Sn Runigonn + Yo Log bre Be "& the Comfpandmy gain. by the A-law Com andi] Loner The incotake of SNR Produled + Qo leg Ge which coll Goy caddili Poem wane fore, onch bith im hE Be Alsen ae @ Alsgnenen®> eK Jao ak bo Ledy_[ (2n9)a-1as| 210 Log.) (SMR nsform) + Qo Lo§ re im (reahe OF Az 3h.5b, Sond the Cquivasen & How merry A-Law Compan ding » bs & Ven had gn ONR aeparacnt SNR Pocduted by the UAE or bia goth thih Cauivalent Inlreahe ie) @& Skettn fre Compoebion Choracteots its wait H> 0) 5,10 and 100 g ahok Sor M2A ,tne H-daw ond Ap law have 1.3 Shu pre Gomme Cumpandiny yen beWhen an Analey Signat (vows ox Nato) 4 CamPlea of o Joke Wher dram the Naauist yake, WE Jet Samphs whith are higty Correaated . The Signat doch nok Chanje YeaPialy From ome Semple te the next With th? thule that dif terence bebueen Gisatent SamPhs has @ Navienle that Ye Satie than The \ariante Of tne Sigrrot MAF, Tha XthullA yedunieney, By yemoNin g this yeduniunty before enloding , we oblain a mere Efficient Coded Signal, TE we know the Sutticient Poot of o aedundant Signal, We mea Ube Aintar Priaickion bo infer the TAL, oF ak Least make tne most Probable en imoke- D per _Trenawii ter Samples 4. @ (75) Calis) - DPom rie [euentacr} [endo | Nive xe(nts) L(wrts) Pxaickion 220% 6 Clots) = (ots) - X(T) R_ prediction oF x(nts) The Buantacr output Ca(nts) = @l"Ts) + We (nts) = ® = QuamtQgation CaerWhe lnpur toe Prenction Furr a (nts) = Y (mts) + Calnts) = ® Supsttting canh O ans@Q® in ® we jet. Xalnts) = L(nts) + 2(7s) “+ Qe ("Ts) apt. a = £(vTs) + XlrTs) - 5 [Ats) + Qelmts) Ya(nts) = ¥LnT) + Ge(vts) —@ Xatnts) ’A due GQuantiacs NeTAsion oe the IPH SumPele ae(mts), “thes 20 & '& toe sons pectne OF RE Pooperties OF A ae oy Pomibhe *° ad Tuk E By taking af roc Pxake snumnber of Quantization Levels, we € aa POM « tre aNewage Power oF the Paes ction © DPCM Qecewe? Ce CalnT5) 3@ Xa (nts) —_—__S*# 5 prem ___J Decorer prem fewer auch i PregKction Faktet Xalnts) In a noibe Sree envivonmint, the Pacaichion Cid ter im tue -vanhanit ter ands FCeNnc™ Operate an the Aame Seauinte OF — Samples Xa (Ts), TEA with thd Obgective im mMMd that & Seedback Path “A aued to tre Guanliges @ Shown i Yauwe DPeM toenvamitt ont bit oF fwo Leved Veviorr OP Dem > Delta Morsbotion Quantizer th< ditterence bebore™ co Sempte amd ‘tA Lakes aprserimation UA onky one Wile OF Quan kigation D> & sent it the digtegente Heresero ams @ Jake ‘ol A gent 1 ne ‘The Ws AGSORINE ditteainle diftorimle Are Coser Aim) onl tuo kev +8 ad -§TDihlusroation SF delta modubekion abktne Juba emojubaker CUP enlnts & Binary seaune \ oa0001o1l} GQ luts) DIN __vaenheniticr Vbie/ g Level Buen lige @ (mT) actumubokoy oaCints)2 Xx (nts) = XalnTs-Ts) —O Cree tones fe (nts) -® Yalwts) = Xa (nts-Ts) + Calms) -@ yelenk Afprexmakon a7 (nT) where Xu (nTs=Ts) > Ma (nts-TS) 48 5 elnts)70 Xu (nTs) = 5 @(nTs) £9 Xa (nts-T5) — § DM Receinere EM Recent i oe gihtertion % > HR Condition Ror Shore overload gx) gx So |B la oy Ss Zz = lB la — > Crranulare noike can be yeduled by vedutin] SkKP-Size,és) Buantigation Noise im Delto Modulation Let CB > Redo Vartabte Yeoralee (0% Auanlizolon €or any Ae ve 4th Soomplt Na hee e- xl) — xa Lee UA Adbume Son) (5 are Choohim im ovyer to So, majniture OF Guan bixakon Slope overloat » san or Caual Eo S. taka Air ANd Carer quan ligation ervey BW Jivien behow af \Feles f falajda.=! _ | — Q o 46& : The Poe oF -$ Mean oF Guonliqakon €7707 4 ' +6 Ge Fa lajdec = f L dae Tae § be ty -$ ® af =F ) = ©) § | ¢ = The Variante, of tre Quantigaten . nNorAac Conean Sauer) Peors fa (ae) dee. ag = fer (le ; a ee = Qe lL dee - fale | a VAS [es §Bua), = = BB (Presurere)) mS conve P— Siimal Power (Power or x(oy Post Culered (Ato trp) : Coop Guan ligat: ot {Sieg tia) Nez Pax fm = Shun - S&S fats 3 on mere Pusey usitain bems-wist 5 35s * bu), _ Pp. 3Pfs - BF Lrosh-flleoed} Ne T5u SFT dx) = — Ao zfs gimaufol 2E \0)| — fe 20h. ok TMM Cormotene overeod Hho a [2 | Z TS Smaart, ov Ae & safes 6 Fs Nona, or Ae crane) — 20fets ge Q sits Ae = S pe Lag: MF ere ; - (ha _ 2 fe . fn], (Poe (utered) = “BT fe {rr} (Pour Giatered = Bit fo fu.@ yne Alope 0% ym Pu si jou. Adaptive Delta Modulation (Adm) ae re Skee Sie £ ts Navies depmaing ufon On Pdi tude Chamkoisycs oF analog Fumetion 66 we Shope oF tne I/p Sifrol. Elms) w mare Smin § ls) E Samar. Sorin —> Controls the amount OF Jranukar norat, a Slope oNerlead diAlbearkion, amex Glmts) = 3(r7s) $(nt5-Ts) an &(mts-Ts) = Sanin alforitnan ‘4 bejunr §(ns) = {* 1 Galmts) = €a (nTs-Ts) yh tk Ca (ne 3) Le (wt-T5) gee k= 1.5 R a -- diblble Slope oveabar) d2k terion 1010 lo 10 10 ~~ =~ > Gaemwar noiseProblems a ) OF Find tne oulPule sijnal-to more Fabio ira della Modulated Sephem for a\ Kika Simusgis, whith ® Samples ot BYKKA without Slope oVerload. “Tht bantjurdth of the yelonstouckiom Sure Used % Le KH}, Sot™ riven for LKR, Sy = 4KHQ fs23akig.= Rb (ong, = 3S 2B ace = 31.25 CPost- Putered) ~ ors? [m (EneJoinde = Jo bog (31525) = Qu.43 dB. G) Th tre data take for the above Probie te BAK GPS, Usbich (tne Aang bik vare obtained by Sampling at Bkug with by bith/Saompse im Pom system. Find the GNerajye Output Signal - bo- Noise Yalic of a b-bit POM Auantyer for the Somethin} of a fust Stale Smusord wit P52 SkHy and Compare the gthubk with he Paevies Problem. Sol" , Jwin > PEM Sytem Lyin fea Sky, n= ly bits and Rp= 3aK8PS BAe, j, = tet = 95.4648 > Duta mosater doch not Perform ah wh ah o Pom Syantem (Gor te Same bitrate)Abnurme co Betgap Ginuhordal Siynak oirty a Freaucney of 3, L-kKQ oF IN 1% applied FO ampPkibude Fins the an) Menwmum dtlba modulate worth TkA Step Size for tne A bitrate ok 965 KBPS. UP preprtede tlta modulator. Ncload fAlertior L an Sok The condition for mo Shope bs |220| given is a a Goa Be eM, 8 > Ao ont eas! = Rye Fs 2SKOP? Ts SZ 027 fo Ts £708 35 vault | L _— = (Kr xB KE xt 25x10" Cindy the Manimum Naluc or ® Bnen sed) = Atanh( BE). jet Saimv and: fs = SkHQ A for mo blopt oNaload distortion. Se £2 20) Ts — SE max dele) = A tanh(BY) oat = AP seh pe > lonl® Sor no slept overhead 1XdB® KB x10? Po