Origin of Earth - Nebular Theory of

Laplace
● Gaseous cloud of H,He =
radiation=cooling=contracting.
● Separating of outer ring = 9 parts = 9 planets.
● Heaviest elements near the core and lighter
at the surface.

Earth's Interior
1. Density Study:
a. At surface - 3 gm/cu.cm
b. At centre - 5.5 gm/cu.cm
2. Temperate Study :
a. More temperature in interior
b. Surface is cooler but the core is hot (residual energy)
3. Structural Study :
a. Direct evidences-
i. Mins (limited to 100 kms inside Earth)
ii. Volcanic rocks.
b. Indirect evidences-
i. Moon,Mars rock samples
ii. Meteorites.

● As per Edward Suess, ( outdated

info. Do not include)
○ Outer layer (continents) -
SIAL.
○ Mantle & Oceanic Crust -
SIMA.
○ Core = Ni + Fe.
● Seismic Wave Study :
○ Earth waves=Mechanical
Waves=Require medium
 for propagation
○ Behavior
changes with
change of
medium

○ 2 parts -
■ Primary P
Waves.
● Trav
el in
all
medium.
● Speed is highest in S>L>G.
■ Secondary S Waves.
● Can only travel in Solid & Gas.

Asthenosphere-
● Semi Molten.
● Beyond it Mantle rocks are dense.
● Outer core is Liquid.(S cannot travel)
● Inner core is Solid. (P travels faster.)

Composit
ion of
Earth's
Interior.
● Eart
h as a
whole :
 ○ Iron (Highest)
○ Aluminum (Lowest)
● Earth's Crust :
○ Oxygen (Highest)
○ Potassium (Lowest)

Rocks