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木
Arc
pres
sure of
ul
tras
oni
c ass
ist
ed TIG wel
ding
Sun Qi
ngf
ie,Xi
e Fen
gchun,Wang
Bin and
Feng
Jic
ai
孙清洁 ,谢 凤春 ,王 斌 ,冯吉 才 料
Abs
trac
t I
n o
rde
r t
o s
tud
r t
he
arc
for
ce
dis
tri
but
ion
0厂u
ltr
aso
nic
as
si
st
ed
tun
gst
en
ine
rt
ga
s(U-
TIG)we
ldi
ng
and
co
mpar
e
i
t
wi
th
the
co
nve
nti
onal
tu
ngs
te
n i
ner
t g
as(T
IG) we
ldi
ng,a
se
ri
es
e
xpe
rime
nts
ha
ve b
een
car
ri
ed o
ut,u
sin
g o
ur
se
de
signed
wel
ding
and
tes
ting
sys
tem.The
di
str
ibut
ion
q厂ar
c pr
ess
ure
is
st
udi
ed,unde
r c
ondi
ti
ons
s
u r
adi
ati
on
dis
tanc
e,whi
ch
i
s t
he di
stanc
e b
etwee
n t
he ul
tras
oni
c hor
n and wor
kpi
ece,an
d we
ldi
ng cur
rent
.The
val
ues
ar
c pr
essur
e ge
ner
all
y
i
ncr
eas
e as
the
curent
incr
eas
es. Ot
her
ex
per
iment
al phenomen
a ar
e al
so ac
count
ed
for
in de
tai
l i
n t
his
pape
r. We
ldi
ng
p
ara
et
m e
rs
aye
th
ough
t t
o b
e r
es
pon
sib
le
for
en
han
cin
g t
he
wel
din
g e
f
ic
f i
enc
y a
nd
impr
ovi
ng
the
ap
pea
ranc
e o
f we
ld.
Ke
y words
TI
G wel
ding,uhr
aso
uic,a
rc
pres
sur
e,r
adi
ati
on di
stance
0 Introduct
ion wel
d do not
occur
as
the heat
i
ncr
eases[
. Si
nee
To i
mpr
ove t
he pr
oduct
ivi
ty,r
educe t
he cost
s and en—
t
here
has
onl
y been res
earches
of
convent
ional
TIG ar
c
s he qual
ure t ity ar
e t
he ur
gent
requi
rements
of
the moder
n f
orce
l11 f
urt
her
researches
on ar
c f
orce di
stibut
r ion of
U.
.
,
wel
ding t
echnology . For i
ts pr
omi
nent
mer
its,such as
TIG ar
e requi
red.
t
he s
tabi
lit
y of
wel
ding process,excel
lent
appear
ance
and
hi
gh qua
lit
y of
t
he
wel
ds,t
ungs
ten
iner
t
gas(TI
G)we
ld-
1
Experi
m ent
al procedure
i
ng has been used wi
del
y . The
low penet
rat
ion and l
ow 1.1
U-
TIG wel
ding system
product
ivi
ty ar
e weakness
es owi
ng t
o t
he di
sper
sing of
the
The ul
trasoni
c syst
em i
ncl
udes
ul
trasoni
c generat
or,
heat
and
low arc f
orce,and t
his
phenomenon i
s especi
all
y mechani
cal
coupl
ing. The wel
ding sys
tem i
ncl
udes
arc
ser
ious
when usi
ng t
he l
ow t
her
mal
conduct
ivi
ty met-
wel
ding machi
ne, wel
ding el
ect
rode, and wor
kpi
ece.
al
[。一
. W el
ding penet
rat
ion i
mproves when wel
ding cur
. Fi
g.1
is
the
schemat
ic di
agram of
our
sel
f-desi
gned U—
TIG
rent
increases. Meanwhi
le t
he
wel
d wi
dth i
ncr
eases
fur
ther
hybr
id wel
ding syst
em.The ul
trasoni
c source,mechani
cal
and t
he grai
n gr
ows
rapi
dly,whi
ch debase
the mechani
cal
coupl
ing and wel
ding el
ect
rode are
coaxi
a1.
pr
oper
ti
es
of
the
we
lded
joi
nt -
61.
The ul
tras
oni
c i
s t
ransmi
tted t
o t
he wel
ding zone di
-
Many ki
nds
of
TIG wel
ding t
echni
ques,e.g. act
iva—
rect
ly t
hrough a
mechani
cal
coupl
ing t
hat
is t
o ensur
e con-
t
ing f
lux TI
G wel
ding ,hi
gh f
requency pul
se gas
tung-
duct
ivi
ty,t
ransmi
ssi
on of
ult
rasound
and compact
st
ruct
ure
st
en arc
wel
ding『
81 and doubl
e.si
ded arc wel
ding[
of
the weldi
ng
tor
ch.In
thi
s cas
e.t
he at
tenuat
ion of
ul
tra.
, ,
have been devel
oped t
o i
ncr
eas
e t
he wel
ding product
ivi
ty.
soni
c i
n t
he mechani
cal
coupli
ng can be i
gnored.The arc
They al
l have r
est
ict
r ions.TIG added
ult
rasoni
c can obt
ain wel
ding machi
ne and ul
trasoni
c power
suppl
y ar
e i
nde-
-
hi
gher
ar
c f
orce and i
ncr
eas
e wel
ding penet
rat
ion. Mean—
pendent
and cont
rol
led by a cont
rol
syst
em. The maxi
mal
whi
le,ensur
ing coar
se gr
ain and decr
easi
ng proper
ties
of
out
put
power of
the ul
tras
oni
cat
or i
s 300
W ,and i
ts work-
Thi
s s
tud
y wa
s s
upp
ote
r d
by
Na
tio
nal
Na
tur
al
Sci
enc
e F
oun
dat
ion
of
Chi
na(
511
051
09),t
he
Maj
or
Sta
te
Bas
ic
Res
ear
ch
Dev
elo
pme
nt
Pr
ogr
am
of
Chi
na(
973
Pro
ra
g m)(
No.
201
3CB0
355
00)a
nd
Nat
ura
l Sc
ien
tif
ic
Re
sea
rch
Inn
ova
ti
on
Foun
dat
ion
in
Ha
rbi
n I
nst
it
ute
of
Te
chn
olo
gy
(HI
T.NSRI
F.201
006).
Sun Qi
ngj
ie,Wang
Bin
and
Feng
Ji
cai,Shandong
Pro
vinci
al La
bor
ator
y of
Speci
M Wel
ding
Techno
logy.Har
bin
Inst
it
ute
of
Techno
log
y
a
t W ei
hai,W ei
hai
,26
4209. Xi
e Feng
chun,I
nte
rnat
iona
l Af
fai
rs Depa
rtment,Chi
na Pet
rol
eum
Pipel
ine
Bur
eau, Langf
ang,065000.
Sun
Qi
ngj
ie,Co
rre
spo
ndi
ng
aut
hoe
r,E—
mai
l:s
unq
ing
ji
e@ g
mai
l.C
OB
、
Ar
c pr
essur
e of
ul
tra
soni
c a
ssi
sted TI
G wel
ding 67
di
stance bet
ween t
he ul
trasoni
c hor
n t
ip and cool
ed copper
f
ound t
hat
the va
l ue of
peak pressur
e of
U・
-
TIG
wel
ding i
n..
pl
ate.El
ect
rode angl
e i
s t
he cone angl
e of
the t
ungs
ten e.
.
cr
eases
47.3% .The
wel
1.mat
ched r
adi
ati
on di
stance
is
24
1
ect
rode;Ul
trasoni
c power
is
the ener
gy of
ul
trasoni
c gen m m .
erat
or r
ead f
rom t
he vol
tmet
er and t
he ammet
er Pl
atf
or
.m
di
amet
er i
s t
he di
amet
er of t
he pl
atf
or
m i
nto whi
ch t
he 2・2 The di
stri
but
ion of arc pressure under wel
ding
coni
cal
ti
p of
the el
ect
rode i
s st
uck.Bef
ore wel
ding t
he , current
s
urf
ace of
the base
met
al st
ict
r ly i
s cl
eaned Ar
. gon i
s used Fi
g.5 shows
the radi
al di
stibut
r ion of arc pr
ess
ure
as t
he shi
eldi
ng
gas.
wi
th wel
ding curent
rangi
ng f
rom 30
A t
o 110
A . By
cor
n
Fi
g.4 shows
the di
stibut
r ion of
arc pr
essur
e ai
ded ul
— par
ing t
he curves,i
t can be f
ound t
hat
the ar
c pr
essure of
t
rasoni
c wi
th di
ffer
ent
and t
hat
of convent
ional
TI
G convent
ional
TIG wel
ding and U-
TIG wel
ding ar
e al
ways
wel
ding under
ar
gon at
mos
phere,whi
ch i
s s
imi
lar
to t
he cent
ral
ly and symmet
rica
lly di
stibut
r ed. And t
he ar
c pr
es.
convent
ional
arc pressur
e. The peak val
ue ar
ea i
s 1
ocat
ed sur
e of
U-TIG wel
ding i
s al
ways
hi
gher
than t
hat
of con.
i
n t
he mi
ddl
e of
the wel
ding arc,and t
he pressur
e val
ues
vent
iona1
TIG wel
ding. Ten cur
v es
over
lap at
radi
al di
s.
decr
ease f
rom t
he mi
ddl
e t
o t
he edge. The arc pres
sure t
ance of ± 3 mm. Radi
us r
ange of
the arc
ar
e 6 mm .
l
evel
incr
eases
under r
isi
ng ul
tras
oni
c ener
gy, and t
he whi
ch exceeds
the wi
dth of wel
d. The met
hod of
U.
TIG
ef
fect
caused by t
he ul
trasoni
c ener
y i
g s s
imi
lar
to t
hat
of
wel
ding can i
ncrease pr
ess
ure l
evel
above t
he wel
ding
wel
ding cur
rent
s.The ar
c pressur
e i
ncr
eases
wi
th t
he i
n pool,and t
he angl
e bet
ween t
he t
angent
ial
of
cur
ves and
crease of radi
ati
on di
stance under
the same 3 mm ar
c t
he hori
zont
al di
rect
ion i
s larger t
han convent
ional
TI
G
l
engt
h.The peak
val
ue of
arc
pressure
of
U.TIG
wel
ding i
s wel
ding. Axi
al ar
c pres
sure and arc
pres
sure
radi
us i
n
up t
o 99.3 Pa,whi
le convent
ional
ar
c pr
ess
ure i
s 67 4 . crease under
ul
tras
oni
c ener
y .The overal
g l t
rend of
di
str
i.
Pa. Compar
ed wi
th convent
ional
TI
G wel
ding i
t can be
, but
ion of arc
pressur
e under
di
fferent
wel
ding cur
rent
is
Tabl
e 1
W el
ding
paramet
ers
si
mil
ar.
2
基
99.
29
79.
67
2
52l
72
34.
89
23.
09
15.
28
10.
11
一
6 —4 —2 0 2 4 6
6.
691
Radi
al
dist
ance |mm
4.
428
2.
930
Fi
g.5 Ef
fect
of
wel
ding
cur
rent
on
radi
al
di
stri
but
ion of
ar
c pres
sur
e
Fi
g.6 shows
the ar
c pressur
e peak of
convent
ional
TIG wel
ding under di
ffer
ent
wel
ding curent
compared t
o
Fi
g.4 Rad
i al
di
stri
but
ion of
ar
c pres
sur
e i
n t
hat
of
U_
TIG wel
ding wi
th t
he same wel
ding par
amet
ers .
di
fer
ent
radi
ati
on d
ist
ance
and
3 ai
r n
arc
lengt
h Wi
th wel
ding curent
in t
he r
ange of
30 — 110 A
,
t
he i
n.
68 CHI
NA W ELDI
NG
V01
.21
No.
4 December
2012
一
一露 一
霉 ∞4
Jo苫 暑aJ
。口H
cr
ement
of
peak val
ue r
educes
fr
om 120% t
o 5% .The i
n。 TIG wel
ding, but
arc pressur
e di
stri
but
ion shape
has
加 ∞ ∞ ∞ 加 加 0
crement
al ext
ent
of
arc
pr
essur
e peak decreases
wi
th t
he changed i
n t
he hybr
id wel
ding,as
shown i
n Fi
g.5.I
t va—
i
ncrease of
wel
ding curr
ent
under t
he same condi
tions. It
r
ies f
rom ar
c cur
ving t
o wedged as
the cur
rent
incr
eas
es i
n
i
s resul
ting f
rom el
ect
romagnet
ic f
orce of
ar
c col
umn dr
a— t
he peak val
ue area. Then,t
he rel
ati
ons
hip of ar
c pr
es・
mat
ical
ly i
ncr
easi
ng as
the pi
nch ef
fect
and t
he growi
ng a—
sur
e peak of
the TIG wel
ding wi
th or
wi
thout
ul
trasoni
c
mount
of
par
ticl
e i
n t
he ar
c st
ream zone. The
excl
usi
on and wel
ding cur
rent
s i
s shown i
n Fi
g.6. As
seen i
n t
he
and col
lis
ion bet
ween i
ons become mor
e vi
olent
ly. Then cur
ve,t
he rat
io of
U-TIG wel
ding ar
c pressure t
o t
hat
of
t
he mut
ual
for
ce approaches
bal
anced.Rel
ati
ve t
o i
nter
nal
TI
G wel
ding
decl
ines,f
rom 1.2
to
0.05,wi
th t
he
incr
ease
f
orce of wel
ding ar
c st
ream ,t
he i
nfluence of
ul
tras
oni
c of
curr
ent
. Thi
s shows
that
the compr
essi
on
effect
of
ult
ra-
iel
f d appl
ied out
side i
s weakened. Compr
essi
on of
the s
oni
c t
o ar
c pl
asma
get
s weakened wi
th t
he
incr
ease of
cur—
s
ame vol
ume of
pl
asma needs mor
e energy wi
th uhr
asoni
c rent.
power
cons
tant,r
esul
ting i
n t
he ef
fect
of
ul
trasoni
c con—
For
furt
her
consi
derat
ion, t
he arc power
has
gr
eat
ly
pressi
on reduces, and i
ncr
ement
of
arc pres
sure
peak de-
i
ncreased i
n arc col
umn
along wi
th t
he i
ncr
ease of
cur
rent.
cl
ines. The resul
ts i
ndi
cat
e t
hat
the advant
age of U—
TIG As
a
resul
t,t
he cur
rent
densi
ty and t
he conduct
ive
sect
ion
wel
ding makes
it
more sui
tabl
e f
or medi
um and smal
l cur
— r
adi
us i
ncreas
e,resul
ting i
n t
he di
stibut
r ion radi
us of
the
rent
in aspect
of
arc pres
sure di
stri
but
ion. And t
he ul
tra-
ar
c pressur
e i
ncrease.The el
ect
romagnet
ic
for
ce
that
is
the
s
oni
c ef
fect
is
si
gni
icant
f ly wi
thi
n t
he reasonabl
e r
ange of dr
ivi
ng f
orce of
the f
lui
d f
low of
the arc plasma i
ncr
eases
at
1trent.
al
ong wi
th t
he i
ncrease of
curr
ent
densi
ty,so t
hat
the i
n—
crease of
the el
ect
romagnet
ic f
orce wi
ll resul
t i
n t
he i
n-
500 crease of
the ar
c pr
ess
ure.
4 Concl
usi
ons
、
2
(1)The
ar
c pr
ess
ure
me
asur
ement
of
U—
TIG we
ldi
ng
磊
器 i
ndi
cat
es t
hat
ther
e are si
gni
icant
f di
ffer
ences
bet
ween t
he
邑
di
stri
but
ion of ar
c pr
ess
ure i
n TI
G wel
ding and U—
TIG
器
wel
ding.
(
2)Compar
ed
wit
h TI
G we
ldi
ng,t
he U—
TIG
wel
ding
O
has
much hi
gher
ar
c pressur
e wi
th t
he s
ame par
amet
ers.
30 50 70 90 110
Besi
des,t
he peak val
ues
of
the arc
pr
ess
ure present
is
re—
W el
ding
cur
rent/A
l
ated t
o r
adi
ati
on di
stance.Thi
s i
s t
he i
mport
ant
feat
ure
of
t
he U—
TIC wel
ding.
Fi
g.6 Com par
ison of
peak
pres
sure
in
(3)Va
lue
s of
ar
c pr
ess
ure
ge
ner
all
y e
nha
nce
as
the
di
fer
ent
wel
ding
curre
nts
curent
increases. Di
stibut
r ion of
pressure
near
peak val
—
ues
changes
from ar
c curvi
ng t
o a wedged di
stibut
r ion
3 Experi
m ent
al anal s of param et
ysi ers
af
fect
ing arc
gradual
ly,becomi
ng much more
concent
rat
ed on t
he t
re—
pres
sure di
stri
but
ion
mendous
pot
ent
ia1. The advant
age
of U-
TIG wel
ding i
s
The r
elat
ions
hip bet
ween di
stibut
r ions
of
ar
c pr
essure
more sui
tabl
e f
or medi
um and smal
l curr
ent
in aspect
of
wi
thout
and wi
th
ult
rasoni
c vi
brat
ions
and wel
ding curent
s
ar
c pr
ess
ure di
stibut
r ion.
ar
e shown i
n Fi
g.5 and 6.The ef
fect
of
radi
ati
on di
stance
i
s descr
ibed i
n Fi
g.4,and ot
her wel
ding paramet
ers
ar
e
Ref
erences
t
he same as
Tabl
e 1.W i
th
the i
ncr
ease of
the wel
ding cur
—
[1]
Ga
o H M,Wu
L.Ho
w t
o i
ncr
eas
e we
ldi
ng
pro
duc
tiv
it
y.
rent,t
he ar
c pr
essur
e val
ue ai
ded ul
tras
oni
c i
ncreas
es and We
ldi
ng& J
oini
ng,20
00(
2):6—1
0.(
in
Chi
nes
e)
radi
al di
stance expands.so does
that
of
the convent
ional
[
2] L
eng
X
S,Zha
ng
G J,Wu
L.Th
e c
har
act
eri
st
ic
of
t
win—
ele
c一
Ar
c pr
ess
ure
of
ult
ras
oni
c as
sis
ted
TIG
wel
ding
69
t
rode
TI
G coupl
ing
arc
pr
ess
ure.Jour
nal
of
Physi
cs D:Ap—
t
rat
ion.Wel
ding
Jour
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