DESIGN PRACTICE

PIPING SUPPORT SYSTEMS

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CONTENTS

1. GENERAL 4
1.1. Scope and field of application 4

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS 5

3. DEFINITIONS 6
3.1. Stress supports 6
3.2. Non-stress supports 6
3.3. Standard and special supports 6
3.4. Large size supports 6

4. CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS 7

4.1. General criteria 7
4.2. Stress supports design 8
4.3. Non-stress supports design 9
4.4. Positioning the supports 12
4.5. Support shoes and saddles for horizontal pipes 13
4.6. Support saddles for vertical pipes 13
4.7. Supports for Cupro-Nickel piping 14
4.8. Supports for fiberglass piping 14
4.9. Supports for cryogenic piping 14
4.10. Control valve assemblies and by-passes 16
4.11. Supports on steel and reinforced concrete structures 16
4.12. Stubs for attachment of supports on elbows 16
4.13. Attachments for piping supports on pressure vessels 16
4.14. Posts and portals 17
4.15. Foundations supports at grade 18

5. PIPING SUPPORT NUMBERING & CODING 19

5.1. General notes 19
5.2. Supports list 19
5.3. Special supports 19
5.4. Support indication 20
5.5. Foundations indication 20

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5.6. References 20

APPENDIX A 1
Maximum permissible spans for non-metallic piping 1

APPENDIX B 1
Guide locations 1

APPENDIX C 1
Support requirements for piping at exchangers 1

APPENDIX D 1
Identification of supports on model 1

APPENDIX E 1
Identification of supports on piping arrangement drawings 1

APPENDIX F 1
Identification of supports on isometric drawings 1

APPENDIX G 1
Maximum permissible spans for Cupro-Nickel piping 1

APPENDIX H 1
Maximum permissible spans for steel piping 1

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1. GENERAL

1.1. Scope and field of application

The purpose of this design practice is to define the general criteria for the design of piping
supports, identify reference documents and outline the general rules for the numbering and coding
of pipe supports.
This practice applies to piping in petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, power stations, marine
terminals and off-shore platforms.

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2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

ASME B 31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

ASME B 31.1 Power Piping (when expressly requested)

BSI BS.5500 Unfired Fusion Welded Pressure Vessels

STD.TP.SUP.5920/21 Supports standardisation

STD.TP.SUP.5923 PTFE slide plates for supports requiring a low coefficient of friction

STD.TB.SUP.5069 Vertical & horizontal extensions for pipe support connections

SPC.TP.SUP.0601 General specification for prefabrication of steel supports for piping

SPC.TB.SUP.0602 General specification for spring supports

PRG.TP.SLP.1006 Guide to sleepers layout plot plan preparation and dimensioning

criteria

IST.IP.MAP.0561 Instructions for local piping applications

Note: the latest edition shall be adopted for all the above specifications and standards

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3. DEFINITIONS

3.1. Stress supports

Stress supports are those whose function and positioning are chosen on the basis of the flexibility
requirements of the piping.
Spring supports, stops, anchors, supports on PTFE and saddles for large-diameter piping are to be
considered as stress supports.

3.2. Non-stress supports

Non-stress supports are those that are positioned and chosen not on the basis of the flexibility
requirements, but with the purpose of maintaining the stresses due to the piping’s own weight and
any external loads, within the limit sets in the reference standards.
Supports or hangers to limit the sag of the piping, guides to keep the piping in its pipe-way,
auxiliary supports for maintenance are considered as non-stress supports.

3.3. Standard and special supports

3.3.1. All supports that can be coded in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920 are defined as standard
supports.

3.3.2. All supports that cannot be coded in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920 either wholly or partially,
are defined as special supports.

3.4. Large size supports

Can consist of structures, posts, frames and structure extensions.

Can be constructed:

a) as standard parts in accordance with STD.TP.SUP.5920/21;

b) as special supports.

When these supports largely consist of other structures or are structures which require more than
two foundations or are used repeatedly (e.g. posts for blow down headers in the offsites), it is
established for each individual project, whether they are to be considered as steel structures rather
than piping supports.

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4. CRITERIA FOR THE DESIGN OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS

4.1. General criteria

4.1.1. Aim

The detailed design consists of the selection and positioning of simple of compound supports,
normally the standard type, with the aim of:

a) creating a system of constraints for each piping system in accordance with the stress
requirements;

b) keeping the stresses due to own weight and external loads within the reference standards
limits;

c) avoiding excessive distance between the supports that cause excessive stress in the piping or
creating pockets which, in some cases, could be hazardous because of localised corrosion or
condensate flash that could lead to phenomena such as water hammer;

d) avoid piping subject to vibration being in resonance with the excitant;

e) distribute the loads due to the weight of the piping so as to avoid putting excessive local stress
on the structures.

4.1.2. Design loads

The loads to be carried by the supports are calculated taking into account all the applicable
components listed below:

4.1.2.1. Fluid mass calculated on the basis of the following densities:

a) gas/steam/air :0
b) water : 1.0
c) other liquids : density of the liquid.

4.1.2.2. Concentrated loads due to the opening of safety valves.

4.1.2.3. Insulation mass calculated according to the density of each type of insulation.

4.1.2.4. All calculated loads due to thermal expansions.

4.1.2.5. Overloads due to any water hammer phenomena.

4.1.2.6. Overloads due to earthquake, assuming a corrective factor in the piping’s own mass.

4.1.2.7. Wind force.

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4.1.2.8. Overall mass of piping in hydraulic test conditions, i.e. full of water.
In this case, however, the loads due to wind and earthquake should not be considered.
The load due to the hydraulic test is not applied to the supports for lines subject to pneumatic test.

4.2. Stress supports design

The detailed design of the stress supports must be developed giving full consideration to the stress
requirements.
These requirements are expressed either on the layout studies or on the plastic and computerised
models by means of relevant symbols (see appendix D).

4.2.1. Spring supports

For spring supports, both variable load and constant load type, the design specifications must be
entered in forms DAT.TP.SUP.0654 or 0655 respectively, filling in all parts of the forms.
When short delivery times are demanded, these forms must be completed in two successive
stages. In the first, which allows the issue of the purchase order, only the information needed to
identify the type of and quantity of springs are specified and, in a second stage, all the dimensions
for the construction of all the accessories (bolts, tie rods, forks, pins, etc.) are added.

4.2.1.1. The characteristics of each spring supports, such as operating load and the operating range must
comply with the stress calculations.

4.2.1.2. Variable load supports, are selected on the basis of the permissible load variation.
The load variation, expressed as a percentage, is given by the following formula:

V = Cm − Ce × 100
Ce
where: Cm = Erection load
Ce = Operating load

4.2.1.3. For load variations of max. ± 15% variable load type supports are used.
For load variations greater than ± 15% constant load type supports are used.

4.2.1.4. Constant load type supports must be chosen with a total range that is 20÷30% greater then the
stress analysis requirement and, in any case, the difference between total range and theoretical
range must never be less than 20 mm.

4.2.2. PTFE slide plates for piping

In all cases in which supports with a low coefficient of friction (0.1) have been required by the
stress analysis, PTFE slide plates must be used.
These plates must be in accordance with standard STD.TP.SUP.5923.
Supports requiring PTFE plates are marked in the model with the “special support” symbol (see
appendix D).

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4.2.3. PTFE slide plates for exchangers and horizontal vessels

If, for piping stress analysis reasons, the equipment needs to slide on low fiction support plates, a
detailed drawing must be drafted quickly for the correct erection of the equipment and, if
necessary, for the modification of the saddle of the equipment itself.

4.2.4. Hydraulic shock absorbers

When the stress analysis require the use of hydraulic shock absorbers, the necessary details for
deciding on the type of shock absorber must be provided, these being:

a) erection length;
b) actual range required to allow the free thermal expansion;
c) the dynamic load that has to be contained;
d) the frequency range in which the shock absorber has to work effectively.

4.2.5. Anchor sleepers

When fixed points are required for piping on sleepers, anchor sleepers shall be provided and sized
in accordance with design practice PRG.TP.SLP.1006.

4.3. Non-stress supports design

Although supports for all lines have to be designed taking account of thermal expansion and
external movements, guidelines for typical cases and the most frequently occurring situations are
given below.
Also, the requirements of “Notes on the selection of standard supports” (STD.TP.SUP.5920) must
be adhered to.
A non-stress-support system must be designed in accordance with the requirements of the
individual project.

4.3.1. Horizontal piping on pipe-racks or pipe-ways

The support design must include:

a) guides on straight runs, positioned as per appendix B;

b) maximum distance between supports as per appendix A, G, H;
c) intermediate support, attached to adjacent piping, for single pipes with a permissible span that
is less than the distance between two consecutive supports.
The adjacent pipe chosen as a supporting pipe must be of a diameter at least three sizes
greater than that of a supported pipe, and never less than 4”.

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EXAMPLES:

SUPPORTED PIPE DN 1/2” 2” 3”

SUPPORTING PIPE DN 4” 6” 8”

Exceptions will be allowed only after a stress and deflection check of the supporting pipe;
d) reinforcing plates of saddles for non-insulated pipes at the support points for loads greater than
those given in the general notes in standard STD.TP.SUP.5920 table 1.1.1.8.a “Allowable loads
for non-reinforced pipes on 20 mm diameter rods”.

4.3.2. Piping on columns or vertical vessels

The stress requirements for supports and guides must be incorporated as follows:

a) The first support must be as close as possible to the nozzle. If there is a horizontal spool
immediately adjacent to the nozzle, the support is to be positioned close to the top of the
vertical run;
b) the guides along the vertical run are spaced as indicated in table 4.3.2.a;
c) ease of erection is also taken into account when planning the positioning and spacing of the
guides, wherever possible grouping the guides for a number of pipes at a common elevation (the
same applies to columns with reinforcing rings, with the guides being positioned on the rings to
avoid the necessity of welding on the shell);
d) for large diameter piping (= 16”), there are no set standard distances between the guides, as
the support system is generally based on stress requirements.

Diameter 2” 3” ÷ 4” 6” ÷ 8” 10” ÷ 14”

Distance between
guides (meters) 3 ÷ 4 4 ÷ 6 6 ÷ 8 8 ÷ 10

Table 4.3.2.a

4.3.3. Piping connected to centrifugal pumps, turbines, axial or centrifugal compressors

The main requirement for support for these lines is to protect the machines from excessive loads
due to thermal expansion and piping mass. Support design therefore, must reflect the stress
requirements. The following general requirements must also be met:

a) it must be possible to adjust the support system in the setting up operations. The first support
before each nozzle must be of adjustable type, with a low friction slide plate (PTFE);
b) the supports must not create difficulties in access to the machines or in valves operation;

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c) the ground supports and foundation plinths must not interfere with the floor drains, with
underground cables or piping (if the loads are significant) or with the equipment foundations. If
interference does occur each individual case must be resolved with the Civil Engineer;
d) The supports must be positioned in such a way to allow the dismantling of the piping for
maintenance or removal, and to allow the installation and dismantling of temporary strainers
without having to install extra supports.

4.3.4. Piping connected to reciprocating pumps and compressors

As well as providing support, the support must also limit the stresses on the piping to acceptable
levels; not only stresses derived from vibrations transmitted by the machine, but also those derived
from the mechanical vibrations induced by the pressure pulses.
Thus, the supporting structures need to be designed for both static and dynamic loads.
The support design must be such that it’s natural frequency is at least 1.5 times that of the highest
excitant harmonic, having an internal fluid pressure pulse amplitude of not greater than 1% peak to
peak and never less than 2.5 times the natural frequency of the machine.
Although the study of these supports must always be verified with a calculation of the natural
frequencies, individual supports must be:

a) as independent as possible and with individual foundations, to avoid the transmission of

vibrations to other components in the plant;
b) study and rigid and with foundations of adequate mass (in relation to the loads to which they
are subjected);
c) constructed in such a way as to ensure that their components parts are subject to tension and
compression stresses only, and not to bending stresses;
d) the guides must be designed with zero clearance. This can be achieved with the use of
adjustable devices and/or with the insertion of ductile material such as ARMCO iron between
the support and the pipe, in order to allow the necessary movements of the piping due to
expansion, and to reduce vibration.

4.3.5. Piping connected to heaters

As well as complying with stress requirements, the following general requirements must be
considered:

a) supports adjacent to the nozzles, if an anchor has not been provided by the manufacturer, must
not restrict the expansion of the coil, as predicted in the stress calculations;
b) the supports must minimise the piping mass loads on the nozzle in all cases, unless otherwise
agreed with the Heater Engineer;

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c) where spectacle blinds or isolating joints are inserted, both the upstream and downstream
piping spool must be permanently supported;
d) the support must not obstruct walkways and service platforms.

4.3.6. Piping connected to air-coolers

The support design must meet the following requirements:

a) it must conform with the stress requirements in order to avoid loads greater that the permissible
levels of each nozzle;
b) it must permit the dismantling of each element of the air-cooler without having to disassemble
parts of the supports or to put up temporary supports;
c) when one or more supports uprights need to be placed between the various bundles of the air-
cooler, the cooler manufacturer must be notified so that the necessary spaces can be left.

4.3.7. Piping connected to exchangers

The typical sketches given in appendix C show how the first support must be positioned with
respect to the nozzle, if the piping is not self-supporting and does not require stress supports.
The support must not prevent the disconnection of the line and/or the replacement of the gasket on
the flanged joint.

4.4. Positioning the supports

4.4.1. Ground supports

Supports must be positioned so that they do not restrict access to equipment and do not obstruct
routine maintenance and plant access. The following must be avoided:

a) the use of posts in the area covered by the pipe-rack;

b) the use of supports which require foundations in the vicinity of underground piping or electric
cables;

c) the use of supports standing on the coverings to trenches except for in exceptional
circumstances or for limited loads and without blocking access to the interior of the trench.

4.4.2. Supports on walkways

Any support on walkways must not restrict the normal passage on the walkways and must allow a
minimum overhead height of 2200 mm.

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4.5. Support shoes and saddles for horizontal pipes

4.5.1. Minimum required length

Normally, the support shoes or saddles are mounted in the centre of the support.
The length must be at least twice the axial movement of the piping plus 100 mm, and not less than
300 mm.

4.5.2. Non-aligned mounting of shoes and saddles

If, with reference to the previous paragraph, the length of the shoe or saddle is greater than 500
mm, the shoe or saddle can be mounted out of alignment with the support axis.
This is necessary when the axial movement of the piping is greater than 200 mm.

4.5.3. Shoes not welded to the piping

For metallic piping of diameter up to 24” in material other than carbon steel, shoes fastened with
clamps can be used in order to minimise erection costs by avoiding welding. The use of this type
of shoe, however must be specified for each project.

4.5.4. Saddle sizing

4.5.4.1. For all piping of diameter greater than 40”, either insulated or not, saddles shall be used that are
capable of bearing the mass acting on the support. For these saddles, the local stresses, both in
the pipe shell and saddle itself, must be checked. The BSI BS.5500 method or equivalent can be
used for the calculations.
The check must be carried out in what are assumed to be the most severe conditions (hydraulic
test, if requested, and/or operating conditions with the expected corroded thickness of the pipe).

4.5.4.2. For all insulated piping, of diameter from 20” to 40” inclusive, saddles capable of bearing the load
acting on the support are to be used in all cases where the load exceeds the limits in
STD.TP.SUP.5920.
The checking method is the same as in the previous point.

4.5.5. Reinforcing plates and saddles for bare piping

For bare piping, reinforcing plates and saddles must be used in all cases listed in
STD.TP.SUP.5920. The lengths of the plates and saddles must conform to paragraphs 4.5.1. and
4.5.2. above.

4.6. Support saddles for vertical pipes

For vertical pipes of diameter 30” or more, both insulated or not, saddles and reinforcements
capable of bearing the load acting on the saddle are to be used.
For the sizing and checking of the saddles, refer to point 4.5.4.1. above.

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4.7. Supports for Cupro-Nickel piping

4.7.1. Galvanic protection

In order to avoid galvanic corrosion, cupro-nickel piping must have bolted supports, with a layer of
neoprene or similar material between support clamp and pipe, to prevent direct contact.

4.8. Supports for fiberglass piping

4.8.1. Protection against local damages

The supports used for this piping are normally the bolted type, with a layer of neoprene or similar
material between support clamp and pipe, in order to avoid any damage that may be caused to the
pipe by tightening the clamp.

4.8.2. Maximum distance between horizontal supports is specified in appendix A.

4.8.3. Supports (usually the type that bolts on to the flange) must be fitted in the vicinity of all valves, so
that the mass of the valves is not carried by the piping. If a valve is situated in a horizontal piping,
there must be a support at each flange. The support must always be bolted on to the metal flanged
and never on to the fiberglass flange.

4.9. Supports for cryogenic piping

4.9.1. General characteristics

Cryogenic piping supports normally consists of a steel load-bearing component and a wooden
component for insulation, in order to avoid the collection of condensate, or worse, the formation of
ice, around each support, which would restrict the free movement of the piping. Also, under certain
thermal conditions, direct contact between the pipe and the structure could produce local
brittleness of the structure itself.

4.9.2. Wooden components

4.9.2.1. For wooden components which can either be segments or blocks, the relevant specification must
be issued indicating the type of segment or block, quantities and dimensions.

4.9.2.2. The minimum thickness of the wooden components depends on the temperature of the pipe and
the environmental conditions. Table 4.9.2.2.a gives the thicknesses normally used.

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MINIMUM THICKNESS
WOOD IN DIRECT WOOD NOT IN DIRECT
PIPE or EQUIPMENT CONTACT WITH PIPE CONTACT WITH PIPE or
TEMPERATURE (SEGMENTS) EQUIPMENT
(BLOCKS)
0 ÷ -30 °C 25 mm 50 mm
-31 ÷ -50 °C 50 mm 50 mm
-51 ÷ -105 °C 90 mm 70 mm
-106 ÷ -195 °C 140 mm 90 mm

Table 4.9.2.2.a

4.9.3. Materials for steel components

The materials for the supports in direct contact with the pipe or equipment shell are selected with
reference to table 4.9.3.a.

PIPE or EQUIPMENT UTILISATION RANGE SUPPORT IN DIRECT CONTACT WITH PIPE or

MATERIAL OF SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SHELL
WELDED NON-WELDED
Carbon Steel Down to -29 °C Carbon Steel Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel -30 ÷ -45 °C Impact test 0,4 N/mm2 min., Charpy “U”
Test sample 10 x 10
Stainless Steel 18/8 Down to -29 °C Stainless Steel 18/8 Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel
Stainless Steel 18/8 -30 ÷ -45 °C Stainless Steel 18/8 Impact test 0,4 N/mm2
min., Charpy “U”
Test sample 10 x 10
Stainless Steel 18/8 -46 ÷ -195 °C Stainless Steel 18/8

Table 4.9.3.a

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4.10. Control valve assemblies and by-passes

Control valve assemblies and line by-passes located at grade, adjacent to rack columns or other
structures, are supported from grade to avoid additional structural loads. Assemblies weighting
less than 2500 N may be supported from the structure.
The use of ground-mounted spring supports must be absolutely minimised. The option of relocating
the assembly shall be considered.

4.11. Supports on steel and reinforced concrete structures

4.11.1. Loads acting on the structures

All the loads transmitted from the piping to the structures must be specified in sufficient time to be
included in the structure design.
The following loads are to be considered:

a) loads due to the mass of the piping system;

b) loads indicated by the stress analysis (stops, guides, wind supports, etc.);
c) loads due to the impact of the opening of safety valves installed on the piping and discharges
into the atmosphere.

4.11.2. Plates to be set into reinforced concrete structures

All supports attached to reinforced concrete structures must have hooked attachment plates set
into the structure.
The location, sizing and loads on each plate must be specified in sufficient time to be included in
the structure design. If, after the construction of the structure, addition to or relocation of supports
become necessary, these can be attached to the pillars either with clamps or expansion bolts. The
use of these alternative methods, however, should be kept to a minimum.

4.12. Stubs for attachment of supports on elbows

The stubs, to be welded on to the elbows in the piping, must be marked on the isometrics in
accordance with STD.TB.SUP.5069.

4.13. Attachments for piping supports on pressure vessels

4.13.1. Issue of specifications

For attachments and reinforcing plates for supports to be welded to vertical or horizontal vessels,
specifications listing the various types of attachment and reinforcing plates must be issued.
In these specifications, each item of equipment must have its own separate list.
Priority must be given to all vessels that are subject to postweld heat treatment by the
manufacturer, as no further welding can be carried out after this process.

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4.13.2. Selection of plate or attachment

The selection is made on the basis of the type of support to be used for the piping and on the load
acting on the support itself. This load must be within the maximum value, calculated as per 4.13.3.
below.

4.13.3. Calculation of maximum load

To calculate the vertical load allowable on the bracket or plate, multiply the rated load given in the
1.5
table for each type in the specification by t R , in which t and R, expressed in mm, are the
corroded thickness and the mean radius of the vessel respectively.
The rated loads given in the table are valid for temperatures of up to 150°C; for higher temperatures,
multiply the loads data in the table by the relation Sh S150 , where Sh is the permissible stress at
the design temperature and S150 is the permissible stress at 150°C.

Example:

− Radius of vessel R = 2000 mm

− Corroded thickness of vessel t = 20 mm
− Rated load in table, for type “1-DN-10” 18 kN
− Temperature 316°C
− Vessel shell material ASTM A 516 Gr.60
− Permissible stress at 150°C S150 = 132.9 MPa
− Permissible stress at 316°C S316 = 111.1 MPa

18 × 201,5 111.1
− Max. permissible load = × = 30. 09 kN
2000 132. 9
The bracket or plate must be checked for all conditions, including the hydrostatic test case, where
required.

4.14. Posts and portals

4.14.1. Checking and sizing

Posts and portals are selected from the types in STD.TP.SUP.5920 on the basis of the
dimensioning and loading.
For non-standard items a full design check is required.

4.14.2. Foundations

When a foundation is required, the loads must be indicated in the supports list.

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4.15. Foundations supports at grade

The loads required for sizing foundations must be indicated in the supports list for the cases listed
below:

a) supports in non-paved areas;

b) anchor supports in paved areas;
c) all other supports in paved areas with load greater than allowed in STD.TP.SUP.5920.

When calculating loads on pipe support foundations, the mass of the support itself must be added
to the support load. When the support is large, its self mass can be the major part of the
foundation load.

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5. PIPING SUPPORT NUMBERING & CODING

5.1. General notes

5.1.1. The data for each support together with the number required is prepared and inputed in the
computer in accordance with IST.IP.MAP.0561.
The data lists must be stored in separated folders organised by area, together with the special
support sketches.

5.1.2. The data is checked and verified against the general information and special support file, as per
IST.IP.MAP.0561 before each processing operation with the SUPI program.
.
5.1.3. The standard components of the supports, the quantities to be inputed and the type of material are
specified in STD.TP.SUP.5920. Those related to the special supports are specified in the material
list on each sketch.

5.1.4. See STD.TP.SUP.5920 for notes on the selection of piping supports.

5.2. Supports list

5.2.1. Each position in the supports list generally corresponds to a standard support or to a special
support.

5.2.2. Where a single complex support is made up of a number of standard supports, these must be
listed in sequence in the supports list with the same number, allocating each a different letter.

5.2.3. For piping on pipe-racks or pipe-ways, all the supports on the same frame or sleeper must be
listed in the supports list with the same number, allocating each a different letter.
Exceptionally in case when the alphabet will not be sufficient, it is allow to give a further position
number.
E.g.: to list 30 supports on the same frame or sleeper, the support list will read:
Pos. 10A, 10B, 10C......... 10Z, 6A, 6B........

5.2.4. The supports for each area are numbered independently of the other areas. The support numbering
in each area starts with “1”.

5.2.5. A support list must be drawn up for every area. The Unit number to be given in the supports list is
the same of the numbering system adopted for the arrangement drawing to which the supports
refer. When indicating supports on isometric drawings, the Unit number to be given in the supports
list is the same indicated in the line coding and thus of the isometric.

5.3. Special supports

5.3.1. If a special support includes one or more standard supports, the same position number must be
given in the supports list for both the special support and the standard ones, allocating different
letter indexes.
(E.g.: position 10A for the special supports, positions 10B, 10C, 10D, etc. for the standard
supports included in the special support).

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On the special support sketch, the standard supports must be marked with the position number
and the standard support code (e.g.: 10B/ST-01).

5.3.2. The sketch of every support must bear the number of the area in which it is to be installed followed
by the position of the support in the supports list.

5.3.3. The type and quantity of material required for the fabrication of one piece shall be specified on each
special support sketch. The total number of required pieces shall only be specified in the supports
list.

5.3.4. For each Unit all special support sketches of the same format size are identified by a single
drawing number (i.e.: a number will be allocated for all sketches on A4 size, another for A3 size,
etc.). Blocks of sheet numbers are allocated sequentially to each area, from 1 upwards, the block
of lowest sheet numbers being allocated to the lowest area number. Within each area sheet
numbers are allocated sequentially to position numbers, the lowest sheet numbers referring to the
lowest position number.

5.4. Support indication

5.4.1. For each project, it is established whether the supports are to be indicated on the arrangement
drawings, the isometric drawings or both.

5.4.2. Supports are indicated on arrangement drawings in according with appendix E.

The supports are identified by an index number (from 1 upwards) entered in an ellipse
corresponding to the position number.

5.4.3. Supports are indicated on isometric drawings in accordance with appendix F.

The supports are identified by a double index number entered in a rectangle that specified area and
positions numbers.

5.5. Foundations indication

5.5.1. The location of all support foundations must be marked on the underground systems plot plans
(onsite areas) or on sleepers plot plan (offsite areas) complete with the position number.

5.6. References

Where supports are indicated on the arrangement drawings, these drawings must carry the
following information:

a) drawing number of support list for site;

b) notes for hot insulated piping shoes positions:
1. For shoes on hot insulated piping dia. less than 2”, see pos. ... on the area supports list,
unless otherwise indicated.
2. For shoes on hot insulated piping dia. from 2” to 8”, see pos. ... on the area supports list,
unless otherwise indicated.

20
 Sheet 21 (18)

Revision Memo
January 1994 Issue
January 1995 Rev. 1
Title of section 5, sheets 2 - 19, modified
Chapter 1.1. modified
Reference codes and standards, section 2, added
“ANSI” replaced by “ASME” - Reference codes and standards - section 2
Paragraph 4.2.5. added
Points b) and d), paragraph 4.3.1., modified
Points 4.5.4.1. and 4.5.4.2. modified
Temperature range modified in Table 4.9.2.2.a
Table 4.9.3.a modified title “Support in direct contact with pipe or shell”
Units of measurement changed from Kg to N - Chapter 4.10.
Units of measurement changed from cm to mm and relevant formula in paragraph 4.13.3. -
example
Chapter 4.15. modified
Code IST.TB.MAP.0561 changed to IST.IP.MAP.0561 in paragraphs 5.1.1. and 5.1.2.
Point b), Chapter 5.6., modified
“Mathematic” replaced by “computerised” - appendix D
Table in appendix G modified
“ANSI” replaced by “ASME” in appendix H
Point e), note 1, modified in appendix H
Formula for sag calculation modified in appendix H

21
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX A

Maximum permissible spans for non-metallic piping

Reinforced thermosetting resin piping

DN SPAN (mm)
Tmax = 50 °C Tmax = 100 °C
1” 2000 1800
1½” 2500 2200
2” 3000 2700
3” 3500 3100
4” 3500 3100
6” 4000 3600
8” 4000 3600
10” 5000 4500
12” 5000 4500
14” 6000 5000
≥ 16” 6000 6000

NOTES: 1- The calculation of the spans listed in the table is based on the following assumptions:

a) pipe full of water;

b) beam uniformly loaded and fixed at ends;
c) permissible stress at 25% of critical stress.

2- The spans under Tmax = 50°C are also valid for temperatures down to - 30°C.

3- For thermoplastic resin piping, the spans vary according to the material used and are generally
much shorter.

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX B

Guide locations

L2 b

L2 L L L1 L1 L L b b L L L1 L1 L L L2 L2

L2 L L L1 L1 L L L2

L2 L2

L, L1. L2 VALUES (mm) PER GROUP OF DIAMETERS

DN 2” 3” ÷ 4” 6” 8” ÷ 10” 12” ÷ 14” 16”
L 5,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 20,000
L1 5,000 6,000 10,000 12,000 15,000 15,000
L2 5,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 15,000

The values given in the table are indicative and do not account for special cases which may arise and which
are marked with the relevant symbol on the model.

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX C

Support requirements for piping at exchangers

CASE “A”

1- Height of attachment on pipe: underside of shell.

(TS-04-00-04)

2- Adjustable support if the piping is not sufficiently flexible to allow the replacement of the
gasket (especially for ring-joint flanges).
(TS-17-05-06 or TS-17-05-07)

1
2

CASE “B”

1- Rigid support for piping sufficiently flexible to allow the replacement of the gasket.
(TS 00-00-01)

2- Adjustable support for stiff piping or with ring-joint flanges at the exchanger.
(TS-00-04-06)

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX D

Identification of supports on model

PLASTIC MODEL SYMBOLS COMPUTERISED MODEL SYMBOLS

(1) SPRING (e.g. n 999) (WHITE)

999

ANCHOR (BLUE)

GUIDE (GREEN)

SOLID SUPPORT (RED)

LINE STOP (YELLOW)

(2) DO NOT SUPPORT (MAGENTA)

150 SPECIAL SUPPORT (ORANGE)

(see sketch n. 150)

BRANCH REINFORCEMENT
1900
(3) PLATE (LIGHT BLUE)
12.73 (eg. φ 1900 thickness 12.73)

TIE-ROD (GREY)

NOTES: 1- When the spring is part of a special support, the symbol for the special support only must be
shown on the model, as the number of the spring is indicated on the sketch corresponding
to the number of the symbol.

2 - This symbol is shown on the piping arrangement drawings position number and only with the
message “do not support”.

3- This symbol does not indicate a support, but a reinforcing plate which must be shown on the
piping isometric drawings.

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX E

Identification of supports on piping arrangement drawings

REST SUPPORT, HANGER

OR SPECIAL SUPPORT

UNIDIRECTIONAL GUIDE FOR

VERTCAL PIPING
(FROM VESSEL OR STRUCTURE)
LINE STOP FOR HORIZONTAL
PIPING

GUIDE FOR HORIZONTAL

PIPING

REST SUPPORT OR HANGER

ANCHOR FOR HORIZONTAL
FOR VERTICAL PIPING
PIPING

SUPPORT ON POST FOR

HORIZONTAL PIPING

SPRING SUPPORT (PEDESTAL

OR HANGER) FOR HORIZONTAL
PIPING

SUPPORT ON FRAME FOR

HORIZONTAL PIPING

SPRING SUPPORT (PEDESTAL

OR HANGER) FOR VERTICAL
PIPING
FULL GUIDE FOR VERTICAL
PIPING
(FROM VESSEL OR STRUCTURE)

UNIDIRECTIONAL GUIDE FOR

VERTICAL PIPING
(FROM VESSEL OR STRUCTURE)

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX F

Identification of supports on isometric drawings

REST SUPPORT
TIE-ROD HANGER
SPECIAL SUPPORT

LINE STOP

GUIDE

ANCHOR

SPRING SUPPORT

STUB
TYPE
in accordance
with Standard
STD.TB.SUP.5069

DO NOT SUPPORT

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX G

Maximum permissible spans for Cupro-Nickel piping

NOMINAL ACTUAL THICKNESS MAXIMUM

DIAMETER DIAMETER SPAN
(mm) (mm) (m)
½” 16 1 1.75
3/4” 25 1.5 2
1” 30 1.5 2.25
1¼” 38 1.5 2.5
1½” 44.5 1.5 2.5
2” 57 1.5 2.75
3” 76 2 3
3½” 89 2.5 3.25
4” 108 2.5 3.75
6” 159 2.5 4.5
8” 219 3.5 5.25
10” 267 4 6
12” 324 5 6
14” 368 5.5 6
16” 419 6 6

The maximum distance given in the table for each diameter is based on the smaller of the distances
calculated on the basis of the maximum stress of 25 MPa and the maximum deflection of 6.35 mm,
considering the pipe full of water.
For piping of diameter ≥ 18”, spans must be individually calculated on the basis of actual thicknesses.

1
 Sheet 1 (18)

APPENDIX H

Maximum permissible spans for steel piping

L L

L L

L1

Notes: 1) The spans given in the tables in this appendix have been established in accordance with
ASME B 31.3, using the following criteria:

a) continuous beam, uniformly loaded;

b) stress assumed as maximum permissible percentage of the permissible stress at the
design temperature as per ASME B 31.3 (Sh):

− for bare or insulated pipes containing water (or fluids of specific gravity = 1): 33% Sh;

− for bare pipes containing gas or steam: 30% Sh

(to limit the span and reduce the wind effect);

− for insulated pipes containing gas or steam: 25% Sh

(to further reduce wind effect, as insulated pipes have a greater external surface than
bare pipes);

c) max. deflection of beam: 8 mm per DN < 2”

15 mm per DN = 2”

d) mass of pipe calculated on nominal thickness;

e) calculation of moment of inertia and section modulus based on a thickness reduced by
12.5% of the nominal to account for manufacturing tolerance and corrosion;
f) for each material and for each temperature range the modulus of elasticity for the max.
temperature considered has been adopted.

1
 Sheet 2 (18)

APPENDIX H

2) For all sloping lines, the max. span must be such that the maximum deflection is less than the difference
in level between two adjacent supports, so as to avoid pocketing.

3) To calculate the maximum span for other diameters, thicknesses, materials and temperatures, use the
following formulae:

Sh × W
L= where: L - span (m)
e × 125 × q
Sh - permissible stress per ASME B 31.3 (N/mm2)

W - section modulus (mm3)

q - unit weight (N/m)

e - reduction coefficient:
3 for pipes containing water or fluids of specific
gravity = 1
3.3 for bare pipes containing gas or steam
4 for insulated pipes containing gas or steam

q × L4
f = where: f - deflection (mm)
185 × E × I × 103
q - unit weight (N/m)

L - span (mm)

E - modulus of elasticity (N/mm2)

I - moment of inertia (mm4)

4) Any concentrated loads, such as valves or supports for adjacent piping, must be considered when
checking spans.

5) To calculated the permissible span L1, multiply the value corresponding to L in the table by 0.8.

2
 Sheet 3 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6
3” 3.96 6.5 7 7 7 7 7
4” 4.78 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8
6” 5.56 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5
8” 6.35 9 10.5 10 9.5 10.5 10.5
10” 6.35 9.5 11 10.5 10 11 11
12” 6.35 10 11.5 10.5 10.5 11.5 11.5
14” 6.35 10 11.5 11 11 11.5 11.5
16” 6.35 10.5 12 11 11 12 12
18” 6.35 10.5 12 11.5 11.5 12 12
20” 6.35 11 12.5 11.5 11.5 12.5 12.5
22” 6.35 11 12.5 12 11.5 12.5 12.5
24” 6.35 11 12.5 12 11.5 12.5 12.5

3
 Sheet 4 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6
3” 3.96 6.5 7 7 7 7 7
4” 4.78 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8
6” 5.56 8.5 9.5 9 8.5 9 9
8” 6.35 9 10.5 9.5 9.5 10 10
10” 6.35 9.5 11 10 10 10.5 10.5
12” 6.35 10 11 10.5 10.5 11 11
14” 6.35 10 11.5 11 10.5 11 11
16” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11 11 11.5 11.5
18” 6.35 10.5 12 11 11 11.5 11.5
20” 6.35 11 12 11.5 11.5 11.5 12
22” 6.35 11 12 11.5 11.5 12 12
24” 6.35 11 12.5 11.5 11.5 12 12

4
 Sheet 5 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. H. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 5.5 6 6 6 6 6
3” 3.96 6.5 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
4” 4.78 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
6” 5.56 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
8” 6.35 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
10” 6.35 9.5 10 10 10 10 10
12” 6.35 10 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
14” 6.35 10 11 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
16” 6.35 10 11 11 11 10.5 11
18” 6.35 10.5 11 11 11 11 11
20” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5
22” 6.35 10.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5
24” 6.35 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5

5
 Sheet 6 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1
N T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 2.5 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 3.5 3.5 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4 4.5
2” 3.91 4.5 4.5 5.5 5 5.5 5.5
3” 3.96 5 5.5 6.5 6 6.5 6.5
4” 4.78 5.5 6 7 6.5 7 7.5
6” 5.56 6.5 7 8 7.5 8 8.5
8” 6.35 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9.5
10” 6.35 7.5 8 9.5 9 9.5 10
12” 6.35 8 8.5 10 9 10 10
14” 6.35 8 8.5 10 9.5 10 10.5
16” 6.35 8 8.5 10.5 9.5 10.5 10.5
18” 6.35 8 9 10.5 9.5 10.5 11
20” 6.35 8.5 9 10.5 10 10.5 11
22” 6.35 8.5 9 11 10 11 11
24” 6.35 8.5 9 11 10 11 11

6
 Sheet 7 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 6.5 7 7 6.5 6.5 6.5
3” 3.96 8 8.5 8.5 8 8.5 8.5
4” 4.78 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
6” 5.56 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5
8” 6.35 12.5 13.5 13.5 13 13 13
10” 6.35 14 15 15 14.5 15 15
12” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16.5 16 16.5 16.5
14” 6.35 16 17.5 17 16.5 17 17
16” 6.35 17 18.5 18.5 18 18.5 18.5
18” 6.35 18.5 19.5 19.5 19 19.5 19.5
20” 6.35 19.5 21 20.5 20 20.5 20.5
22” 6.35 20.5 21.5 21.5 21 21.5 21.5
24” 6.35 21 22.5 22.5 22 22.5 22.5

7
 Sheet 8 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 6.5 7 6.5 6.5 6.5 7
3” 3.96 8 8.5 8 8 8.5 8.5
4” 4.78 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
6” 5.56 11 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 12
8” 6.35 12.5 13.5 13 13 13.5 13.5
10” 6.35 14 15 14.5 14.5 15 15
12” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16 16 16.5 16.5
14” 6.35 16 17 17 16.5 17 17
16” 6.35 17 18.5 18 18 18.5 18.5
18” 6.35 18.5 19.5 19 19 19.5 19.5
20” 6.35 19.5 20.5 20 20 20.5 20.5
22” 6.35 20.5 21.5 21 21 21.5 21.5
24” 6.35 21 22.5 22 22 22.5 22.5

8
 Sheet 9 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
3” 3.96 7.5 8 8 8 8 8
4” 4.78 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9
6” 5.56 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5
8” 6.35 12 13 13 13 12.5 13
10” 6.35 13.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 14 14.5
12” 6.35 15 16 15.5 15.5 15.5 16
14” 6.35 15.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5
16” 6.35 16.5 18 17 17.5 17.5 18
18” 6.35 17.5 19 18.5 19 18.5 19
20” 6.35 18.5 20 20 20 19.5 20
22” 6.35 19.5 21 20.5 21 20.5 21
24” 6.35 20.5 22 21.5 22 21.5 22

9
 Sheet 10 (18)

APPENDIX H

BARE PIPES
CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM
N T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C
O H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 2.5 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 3.5 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 4.5 4.5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 5 5 6 5.5 6 6.5
3” 3.96 6 6.5 7.5 7 7.5 8
4” 4.78 7 7.5 8.5 8 8.5 9
6” 5.56 8.5 9 10.5 10 10.5 11
8” 6.35 9.5 10,5 12 11 12 12.5
10” 6.35 10.5 11,5 13.5 12.5 13.5 14
12” 6.35 11.5 12,5 15 13.5 15 15.5
14” 6.35 12.5 13 15.5 14.5 15.5 16
16” 6.35 13 14 16.5 15.5 17 17
18” 6.35 14 15 17.5 16.5 18 18.5
20” 6.35 15 16 18.5 17.5 19 19.5
22” 6.35 15.5 16.5 19.5 18 20 20
24” 6.35 16 17.5 20.5 19 20.5 21

10
 Sheet 11 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 25 3 3.5 3.5 3 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 25 3.5 4 3.5 3.5 4 4
1½” 3.68 25 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
2” 3.91 25 4.5 5 5 5 5.5 5.5
3” 3.96 30 5.5 6 5.5 5.5 6 6
4” 4.78 30 6 7 6.5 6.5 7 7
6” 5.56 40 7 8 7.5 7.5 8 8
8” 6.35 40 8 9 8.5 8 9 9
10” 6.35 40 8.5 9.5 9 8.5 9.5 9.5
12” 6.35 40 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5
14” 6.35 50 9 10 9.5 9 10 10
16” 6.35 50 9 10 9.5 9.5 10 10
18” 6.35 50 9 10.5 9.5 9.5 10.5 10.5
20” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 9.5 10.5 10.5
22” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5
24” 6.35 50 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5

11
 Sheet 12 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 25 2.5 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 25 3 3.5 3 3 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 25 3.5 4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1½” 3.68 30 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
2” 3.91 40 4.5 5 4.5 4.5 5 5
3” 3.96 40 5.5 6 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
4” 4.78 50 6 6.5 6 6 6.5 6.5
6” 5.56 50 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
8” 6.35 60 7.5 8.5 8 8 8 8.5
10” 6.35 60 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 9
12” 6.35 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9
14” 6.35 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9.5 9.5
16” 6.35 60 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
18” 6.35 70 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 10
20” 6.35 70 9.5 10 9.5 9.5 10 10
22” 6.35 70 9.5 10.5 10 10 10 10
24” 6.35 70 9.5 10.5 10 10 10 10.5

12
 Sheet 13 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 30 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
¾” 2.87 30 3 3 3 3 3 3
1” 3.38 30 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1½” 3.68 40 4 4 4 4 4 4
2” 3.91 50 4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
3” 3.96 50 5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
4” 4.78 60 5.5 6 6 6 6 6
6” 5.56 60 6.5 7 7 7 7 7
8” 6.35 70 7.5 8 8 8 8 8
10” 6.35 70 8 8.5 8.5 8.5 8 8.5
12” 6.35 80 8 9 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5
14” 6.35 80 8.5 9 9 9 8.5 9
16” 6.35 80 8.5 9 9 9 9 9
18” 6.35 80 8.5 9.5 9 9.5 9 9.5
20” 6.35 80 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
22” 6.35 90 9 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5
24” 6.35 90 9 10 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5

13
 Sheet 14 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING WATER OR FLUIDS OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY ≅ 1

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 40 2 2 2.5 2 2.5 2.5
¾” 2.87 40 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 3
1” 3.38 40 2.5 2.5 3 3 3 3.5
1½” 3.68 50 3 3 4 3.5 4 4
2” 3.91 50 3.5 3.5 4 4 4.5 4.5
3” 3.96 60 4 4 5 4.5 5 5
4” 4.78 70 4.5 4.5 5.5 5 5.5 5.5
6” 5.56 80 5 5.5 6.5 6 6.5 6.5
8” 6.35 80 6 6 7.5 7 7.5 7.5
10” 6.35 90 6 6.5 8 7 8 8
12” 6.35 90 6.5 7 8 7.5 8 8.5
14” 6.35 100 6.5 7 8 7.5 8.5 8.5
16” 6.35 100 6.5 7 8.5 8 8.5 8.5
18” 6.35 100 7 7.5 8.5 8 8.5 9
20” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8 9 9
22” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9
24” 6.35 110 7 7.5 9 8.5 9 9.5

14
 Sheet 15 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 21°C < t ≤ 149°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 25 3.5 3.5 3.5 3 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 25 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 25 5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 25 5.5 6 6 6 6 6
3” 3.96 30 6.5 7.5 7 7 7.5 7.5
4” 4.78 30 7.5 8.5 8 8 8.5 8.5
6” 5.56 40 9.5 10.5 10 10 10.5 10.5
8” 6.35 40 11 12 11.5 11.5 12 12
10” 6.35 40 12 13.5 13 12.5 13.5 13.5
12” 6.35 40 13.5 15 14 14 15 15
14” 6.35 50 14 15.5 14.5 14.5 15.5 15.5
16” 6.35 50 15 16.5 15.5 15.5 16.5 16.5
18” 6.35 50 15.5 17.5 16.5 16.5 17.5 17.5
20” 6.35 50 16.5 18.5 17.5 17.5 18.5 18.5
22” 6.35 50 17.5 19.5 18.5 18 19.5 19.5
24” 6.35 50 18.5 20.5 19.5 19 20.5 20.5

15
 Sheet 16 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 149°C < t ≤ 232°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 25 3 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 25 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 25 4 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 30 4.5 5 5 5 5 5
2” 3.91 40 5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5
3” 3.96 40 6.5 7 7 7 7 7
4” 4.78 50 7.5 8 7.5 7.5 8 8
6” 5.56 50 9 10 9.5 9.5 10 10
8” 6.35 60 10.5 11.5 11 11 11 11.5
10” 6.35 60 12 13 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5
12” 6.35 60 13 14.5 13.5 13.5 14 14
14” 6.35 60 13.5 15 14 14 14.5 14.5
16” 6.35 60 14.5 16 15 15 15.5 16
18” 6.35 70 15.5 17 16 16 16.5 16.5
20” 6.35 70 16 18 17 17 17 17.5
22” 6.35 70 17 19 17.5 17.5 18 18.5
24” 6.35 70 18 19.5 18.5 18.5 19 19

16
 Sheet 17 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 232°C < t ≤ 316°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 30 2.5 3 3 3 3 3
¾” 2.87 30 3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
1” 3.38 30 3.5 4 4 4 4 4
1½” 3.68 40 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
2” 3.91 50 5 5 5 5 5 5
3” 3.96 50 6 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5
4” 4.78 60 7 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
6” 5.56 60 8.5 9.5 9 9 9 9.5
8” 6.35 70 10 11 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5
10” 6.35 70 11 12 12 12 12 12
12” 6.35 80 12 13 13 13 13 13
14” 6.35 80 13 14 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5
16” 6.35 80 13.5 15 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5
18” 6.35 80 14.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5
20” 6.35 80 15.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16 16.5
22” 6.35 90 16 17.5 17 17 17 17
24” 6.35 90 16.5 18 18 18 17.5 18

17
 Sheet 18 (18)

APPENDIX H

INSULATED PIPES CONTAINING GAS OR STEAM

INSULATION DENSITY = 100 Kg/m3
N T I T 316°C < t ≤ 427°C
O H N H Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel
M I S I ASTM A-53 ASTM A-335 ASTM A-312
DN I C U C P 11 P5
PIPE N. K. L. K. Gr. A Gr. B P 21 P7 Tp.304 Tp.316
P 22 P9
(mm) (mm) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m) L (m)
½” 2.77 40 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
¾” 2.87 40 2.5 2.5 3 2.5 3 3
1” 3.38 40 2.5 3 3.5 3 3.5 3.5
1½” 3.68 50 3.5 3.5 4 4 4 4
2” 3.91 50 4 4 5 4.5 5 5
3” 3.96 60 4.5 5 6 5.5 6 6
4” 4.78 70 5.5 6 7 6.5 7 7
6” 5.56 80 6.5 7 8.5 8 8.5 8.5
8” 6.35 80 8 8.5 10 9 10 10
10” 6.35 90 8.5 9.5 11 10 11 11.5
12” 6.35 90 9.5 10 12 11 12 12.5
14” 6.35 100 10 10.5 12.5 11.5 12.5 13
16” 6.35 100 10.5 11.5 13.5 12.5 13.5 14
18” 6.35 100 11.5 12 14.5 13 14.5 14.5
20” 6.35 110 12 12.5 15 14 15 15.5
22” 6.35 110 12.5 13.5 15.5 14.5 15.5 16
24” 6.35 110 13 14 16.5 15 16.5 17

18