Text Transmission using Li-Fi RACT Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity. The technology is very new and was proposed by the German physicist Harald Haas in 2011 TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Global Talk on Visible Light Communication(VLC). Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light emitting diodes (LEDs) for transmission of data. The term Li-Fi refers to visible light communication (VLC) technology that uses light as medium to deliver high- speed communication in a manner similar to Wi-Fi and complies with the IEEE standard IEEE 802.15.7. The IEEE 802.15.7 is a high-speed, bidirectional and fully networked wireless communication technology based standard similar to Wi-Fi’s IEEE 802.11. This project report focuses on Li-Fi, its applications, features and comparison with existing technologies like Wi-Fi etc. Wi-Fi is of major use for general wireless coverage within building, whereas ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area and especially useful for applications in areas where radio interference issues are of concern, so the two technologies can be considered complimentary. Li-Fi provides better bandwidth, efficiency, connectivity and security than Wi-Fi and has already achieved high speeds larger than | Gbps under the laboratory conditions. By leveraging the low-cost nature of LEDs and lighting units, there are lots of opportunities to exploit this medium.Text Transmission using Li-Fi INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Overview of Project LITERATURE SURVEY 2.1 Conceptual Study 2.2 History PROJECT ARCHITECTURE, 3.1 Block Diagram 3.2 Project Design & HARDWARE D) SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS SOURCE CODE EXPLAINATION 6.1Toolchains, IDEs, Used Tools TESTING FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION REFERNCESText Transmission using Li-Fi LIST OF FIGURES Section | Figure Title 3.1 Block DiagramText Transmission using Li-Fi 1.INTRODUCTION In the era of overcrowded (data communication) world, Li-Fi is a new way of wireless communication that uses LED lights to transmit data wirelessly. Transmission of data is one of the most important day to day activities in the fast growing world. The current wireless networks that connect us to the Internet are very slow when multiple devices are connected. Also with the increase in the number of devices which access the Internet, the availability of fixed bandwidth makes it much more difficult to enjoy high data transfer rates and to connect a secure network. Radio waves are just a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum available for data transfer. Li-Fi has got a much broader spectrum for transmission compared to conventional methods of wireless communications that rely on radio waves. ‘The basic ideology behind this technology is that the data can be transferred through LED light by varying light intensities faster than the human eyes can perceive. This technology uses a part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is still not greatly utilized- The Visible Spectrum, instead of Gigahertz radio waves for data transfer. The idea of Li-Fi was introduced for the first time by a German physicist Harald Hass in the TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Global talk on Visible Light Communication (VLC) in July 201, by referring to it as “data through illumination”. He used a table lamp with and LED bulb to transmit a video of a blooming flower that was then projected onto a screen. In simple terms, Li-Fi can be thought of as a light-based Wi-Fi i.e. instead of radio waves it uses light to transmit data. In place of Wi-Fi modems, Li-Fi would use transceivers fitted with LED lamps that could light a room as well as transmit and receive information. By adding new and ——_unutilized 7IPageText Transmission using Li-Fi bandwidth of visible light to the currently available radio waves for data transfer, Li-Fi can play a major role in relieving the heavy loads which the current wireless system is facing. Thus it may offer additional frequency band of the order of 400 THz compared to that available in RF communication which is about 300 GHz. Also, as the Li-Fi uses the visible spectrum, it will help alleviate concerns that the electromagnetic waves coming with Wi-Fi could adversely affect our health, By Communication through visible light, Li-Fi technology has the possibility to change how we access the Internet, stream videos, receive emails and much more. Security would not be an issue as data can’t be accessed in the absence of light. As a result, it can be used in high security military areas where RF communication is prone to eavesdropping.Text Transmission using Li-Fi Overview of Project LLFI stands for “Light Fidelity”. The technology uses an LED light bulb that varies in intensity faster than the human eye can follow to send data through illumination [3]. The light that zips data across the Internet’s backbone used to stop a long way from the data’s final destination but now it goes all the way to our homes. The LI-FI technology takes the last step and takes the light all the way to the computer or TV, projecting it through the air over the last few meters and only converting it to an electronic signal at the end Since LI-FI uses visible light instead of radio waves as the medium of communication, LI-FI is considered as the optical version of WI-FI. LI-FI is an important component of the Intemet of Things (IoT), in which everything is connected to the internet. LED lights are used as access points in case of IoT's.[5] Such indoor optical wireless probably wouldn’t replace Wi-Fi, but with a potential for data rates of 3 terabits per second and up, it could certainly find its uses. Wi-Fi, by contrast, tops out at about 7 Gb/s. And with light, there’s no worry about sticking to a limited set of radio frequencies. If someone is in the optical window, he will have virtually unlimited bandwidth and unlicensed spectrum. With the increasing use of Wi-Fi, the existing radio frequency is getting blocked slowly and simultaneously, there is an increasing number of people who want to connect to the internet. Wireless radio frequencies are getting higher, complexities are increasing and RF interferences continue to grow [6]. The LI-FI technology helps us to overcome these problems, LI-FI uses the Visible Light Communication (VLC). Visible light communication 9|PageText Transmission using Li-Fi is a data communications medium which uses visible light between 400 and 800 THz (780-375 nm). VLC is a subset of optical wireless communications technologies. The technology uses fluorescent lamps (ordinary lamps, not special communications devices) to transmit signals at 10 kbit/s, or LEDs for up to 500 Mbit/s. Low rate data transmissions at 1 and 2 kilometres (0.6 and 1.2 mi) were demonstrated. Specially designed electronic devices generally containing a photodiode receive signals from light sources, although in some cases a cell phone camera or a digital camera will be sufficient.Text Transmission using Li-Fi 2. LITERATURE SURVEY The survey has firstly done on standard technologies to establish a standard sensor network. Study went on choosing the suitable standard sensors. It should be suitable in all aspects like economic and technological. The primary concer I have to make while choosing the communication method is range of communication. Here I have chosen Firebase Messaging Services. When I am giving an internet source, the data can be exchanged anywhere in the world through its IP address. The further study has done on selecting the microcontroller. The system implementation is contained with a hidden goal of achieving low power consumable solution. The microcontroller should be also low power consuming alongside all the remaining sensors also low power consuming. I have chosen Beaglebone Black Rev C, which is low power microcontroller and works with 5V. ‘The next study went for data logger to store the output data of sensors. The data collected from the sensors is mostly in the form of integer values representing the value of environmental parameter. After storing the data in MySQL database as data logger then with the help of IoT the data of MySQL is also stored on the web page. MySQL is our temporary storage on system. ‘The web page displaying the data of sensors directly will not make a simpler impression for the users. It should be on android application for easy understanding of the users. The data hosted on an own web page will be more expensive and must pay for it in a rental basis. To make the system less expensive, we preferred some free data hosting web sites who provides aText Transmission using Li-Fi cloud space for our sensor data to make it universal and also makes the system less expensive. In this 21st century, weather monitoring holds great importance and have uses in several areas ranging ftom keeping track of agricultural field weather conditions to industrial conditions monitoring. Weather monitoring would help in keeping track of different climatic behaviors including temperature, humidity and light intensity. Weather Monitoring System can be either wired or wireless one. In case of wireless communication, the connectivity will be more convenient, and user friendly and weather monitoring would not require physical presence of the person at the location [1]. Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires. The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of kilometers for radio communications). GSM technology is the cheapest and the most convenient technology now being used for wireless communication. The wireless weather monitoring system basically requires few basic modules such as GSM module, display module, sensors and microcontroller module [2]. In the previous research, a single master-multi slave microcontroller communication method has been developed. The microcontroller is able to communicate using unicast communication, i.e. the master gave orders to one slave address via the master-slave network that has star topology. Then the slave who has the same address which is requested will respond or take action RlPageText Transmission using Li-Fi in accordance with the master command. Modbus Protocol is the rules of data communication with the master-slave technique. In these communications there is only one master and one or several slaves which form a network. Master only do one communication at a time. Slave will only communicate if there is a command (query) from the Master and cannot communicate with another slave. Addressing modes used by the Modbus there are 2, i.e., unicast and broadcast [8]. The design and implementation of weather monitoring & controlling system is the model with the ability to perform data acquisition on temperature, gas, humidity and accelerometer sensors attached. And it can give these sensors data to ADC Port of LPC1768. It can also upload the data continuously to excel sheet in LABVIEW with the help of RS232 Cable and receives SMS with the help of GSM. Prior to designing the Onboard Weather Station, research was conducted in to determine if an identical product existed. Although no device was found that performed the exact operation of the Onboard Weather Station, products in related markets were identified. All products deemed similar were examined to identify necessary features for a successful weather station or data acquisition system. The important features found were presented to the lead design team of Porta tree Timing Systems who used this research to develop reasonable specifications and design requirements for the Onboard Weather Station. The initial research conducted involved a search of the United States Patent and Trademark Office data base to determine if any restrictions exist in the design of weather stations or data acquisition systems. Only one patent was found relating to race car weather collection; number 5509295, Weather Station Device, which was issued to Fred J. Bartoli, an engineer of Altronics Corporation. This device is a handheld weather station Bl PageText Transmission using Li-Fi that collects weather data to calculate corrected altitude (or density altitude as it is referred in the patent). After concluding that the Onboard Weather Station would not violate patents, research was conducted to determine the general features of weather stations on the market. The three most popular weather stations were identified and examined to determine the most significant features of each. In Weather, and Race Air Pro sold by Altronics, Portatree, and Computech, respectively.Text Transmission using Li-Fi 3.PROJECT ARCHITECHTURE 1. Block diagram LED Driver Output Signat Binary formation Binary information Ld) Double Stage rsh Received Signal 0 Original Message! | inverting Ampltior moan meText Transmission using Li-Fi 4 HARDWARE DESCRIPTION 1. Arduino uno Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It’s intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments. Or more simply, you load on some code and it can read sensors, perform actions based on inputs from buttons, control motors, and accept shields to further expand it’s capabilities. Really, you can do almost anything. All Arduino boards have one thing in common: they are programmed through the Arduino IDE. This is the software that allows you to write and upload code. Beyond that, there can be a lot of differences. The number of inputs and outputs (how many sensors, LEDs, and buttons you can use on a single board), speed, operating voltage, and form factor are just a few of the variables. Some boards are designed to be embedded and have no programmingText Transmission using Li-Fi interface (hardware) which you would need to buy separately. Some can run directly from a 3.7V battery, others need at least SV. Check the chart on the next page to find the right Arduino for your project. Arduino Uno Technical Specifications Microcontroller ATmega328P ~ 8 bit AVR family microcontroller Operating Voltage sv Recommended Input Voltage Input Voltage Limits ‘Analog Input PinsText Transmission using Li Digital /O Pins 14 (Out of which 6 provide PWM output) DC Current on VO DC Current on 3.3V Flash Memory 32 KB (0.5 KB is used for Bootloader) ‘SRAM 2KB EEPROM Frequency (Clock Speed) 2. Photo detector Photodetectors, also called photosensors, are sensors of light or other electromagnetic radiation.[1] A photo detector has a p-n junction that converts light photons into current. The absorbed photons make electron-hole pairs in the depletion region. Photodiodes and photo transistors are a few examples of photo detectors. Solar cells convert some of the light energy absorbed into electrical energyText Transmission using Li-Fi 3. LED A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n junction diode that emits light when activated. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.Text Transmission using Li-Fi 4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS & SPECIFICATION The Main Event: Arduino Uno ‘The Arduino Uno is the “stock” Arduino. It's what we compare every, other, Arduino- compatible board to, If you're just getting into Arduino, this is the board, ‘The Uno comes in two flavors, through-hole and SMD, which use either a through- hole or surfacemount ATmega328. The through-hole version (pictured above) is nice because you can take the chip out and swap in a new one (in case the magic, blue smoke is released), but the SMD version has the potential to be more readily available (PTH chips are increasingly being phased out of existence) The Arduino Uno can be powered through either the USB interface, or an external barrel jack. To connect it to a computer you'll need a type-B-to-A USB cable (like the USB. connector on most printers).Text Transmission using Li-Fi Future Scop As light is everywhere and free to use, there is a great scope for the use and evolution of LiFi technology. If this technology becomes mature, each Li- Fi bulb can be used to transmit wireless data. As the Li-Fi technology becomes popular, it will lead to a cleaner, greener, safer communications and have a bright future and environment. The concept of Li-Fi is deriving many people as it is free (require no license) and faster means of data transfer. If it evolves faster, people will use this technology more and more,Text Transmission using Li-Fi Conclusion Although there’s still a long way to go to make this technology a commercial success, it promises a great potential in the field of wireless internet. A significant number of researchers and companies are currently working on this concept, which promises to solve the problem of lack of radio spectrum, space and low internet connection speed. By deployment of this technology, we can migrate to greener, cleaner, safer communication networks. The very concept of Li-Fi promises to solve issues such as, shortage of radio- frequency bandwidth and eliminates the disadvantages of Radio communication technologies. Li the upcoming and growing technology acting as catalyst for various other developing and new inventions/technologies. Therefore, there is certainty of development of future applications of the Li-Fi which can be extended to different platforms and various walks of human life.Text Transmission using Li-Fi 10. REFERNCES [1] International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Vol.7 No.11 © Research India Publications, 2012 [2] Haas Harald (July 2011). "Wireless data from every light bulb". TED Global. Edinburgh, Scotland. [3] Khalid, A. M., Cossu, G., Corsini, R., Choudhury, P., and Ciaramella, E., —1-Gb/s Transmission Over a Phosphorescent White LED by Using Rate-Adaptive Discrete Multitone Modulation,| IEEE Photonics Journal 4, 1465-1473 (Oct. 2012). WEBSITES: hups://arduino.org