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Directional Derivatives
Directional Derivatives
Directional Derivatives
Definition
For any unit vector, u^ =〈ux,uy〉let
Theorem
Let f be differentiable at the point (a,b). Then f has a directional
ˆ uˆ = uxiˆ + uyjˆ and
derivative at (a,b) in the direction of u.
Du⇀f(a,b) = u·∇f(a,b).
ˆ
EX 1 Find the directional derivative of f(x,y) at the point (a,b) in the
direction of u⇀ . (Note: ⇀u may not be a unit vector.)
⇀
a) f(x,y) = y2ln (x) (a,b) = (1,4) u = i^ - ^j
⇀
b) f(x,y) = 2x2sin y + xy (a,b) = (1, π/2) u = 2i^ + j^
Maximum Rate of Change
We know ⇀
^
Theorem
Theorem
The gradient of z = f(x,y) (w = f(x,y,z)) at point P is perpendicular to the
level curve (surface) of f through P.