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9
Mathematics 11
Quarter 4, Week 1 - Module 1
The Trigonometric Ratios

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Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Math- Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4, Week 1 - Module 1: The Trigonometric Ratios
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Iligan City

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Development Team of the Module

Author/s: Delia A. Paler, MA, Cecille D. Quijano, D.Eng
Evaluators/Editor: (_______________________)
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9
Mathematics
Quarter 4, Week 1 - Module 1
The Trigonometric Ratios

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About........................................................................................................................i

What I Need to Know...................................................................................................................................ii
How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module....................................................................................................................................iii

What I Know.................................................................................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
(__________________)...........................................................................................................
What I Need to Know......................................................................................................
What’s New ....................................................................................................................
What Is It.............................................................................................................................
What’s More .....................................................................................................................
What Is It ...........................................................................................................................
What’s More .....................................................................................................................
What I Have Learned......................................................................................................
What I Can Do..................................................................................................................

Summary
Assessment: (Post-Test)
Key to Answers........................................................................................................................................
References.................................................................................................................................................
This page is intentionally blank
What This Module is About
What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.

What I know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

II
What I Know
This page is intentionally blank
Lesson Trigonometric Ratios
1
What I Need to Know
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. illustrate the six trigonometric ratios;

2. apply trigonometric ratios to solve right triangles given
a. the lengths of the hypotenuse and one leg;
b. the length of the hypotenuse and one of the acute angles;
c. the length of one leg and one of the acute angles; and
d. the length of both sides.

What’s New
Test Your Power. Write your answers in your notebook.
Concentrate and answer independently.

1. How many sides are there in a triangle?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
2. What do you call a three-sided polygon?
a. square b. pentagon c. hexagon d. triangle
3. What is that branch of pure mathematics that deals with the
relations of the sides and angles of triangles?
a. algebra b. geometry c. trigonomety d. calculus
4. What is the measure of angle A in the right triangle below?
A a. 570 b. 2370 c. 1470 d. 1170

900 330
B C

5. What is the opposite side of angle D?

D a. DF
´ b. DE
´ c. EF
´ d. ´¿

E F

6. What is the adjacent side of angle A?

A ´
a . AC b. AB
´ c. BC
´ d. ABC
´

B C
 7. How many right angles are there in a right triangle?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 0
8. What is the sum of the angles in a triangle?
a. 3600 b. 900 c. 2700 d. 1800
9. What do you call the side opposite the right angle of a
triangle?
a. axis b. hypotenuse c. vertex d. diagonal
10. The Pythagorean Theorem can be written as c =a + b2. The a
2 2

and b in the equation are the

a. 2 angles of the right triangle
b. hypotenuse and the adjacent side
c. 2 sides of the right triangle
d. hypotenuse and the opposite side

What Is It
Consider the right triangle XYZ as shown below.

If we let angle Z be β, then the opposite

side of β is z and its adjacent side is x.
The longest leg, which is also called the
hypotenuse, is side y. y
It has to be remembered that the longest
leg of a right triangle is always opposite
to the right angle.

Let us now define the six trigonometric ratios:

Primary Secondary
Trigonometric Trigonometric
Ratios Ratios

Reciprocals of the primary trigonometric ratios are called secondary

trigonometric ratios.
 Secondary Trigonometric Ratios,
1 1 hypotenuse
csc β= = =
sin β opposite opposite
hypotenuse

1 1 hypotenuse
sec β= = =
cos β adjacent adjacent
hypotenuse
1 1 adjacent
cot β= = =
tan β opposite opposite
adjacent

Note: Do not forget to set your calculator

on the degree mode.

Solving Missing Parts of a Right Triangle

Example 1. Determine x and α in the triangle shown below.

Solution:
0 adjacent x
Solving for x, cos 48 = =
hypotenuse 6
x=6 cos 480
x=6 (0.669)
x=4.01≈ 4
To solve for α, recall that the sum of all angles in a triangle
is 1800 . Thus,
1800=900 +48 0+ α
α =1800 −900−480
α =420
Example 2. In a right triangle, the measure of one of the angles is 46 0
and the hypotenuse has a length of 50 cm. What is the length
of the legs opposite and adjacent to this angle?

Solution:
 The leg opposite to 46 0 is y. Solving for y,
opposite y
sin 46 0= =
hypotenuse 50
y=50 sin 460
y=50 ( 0.719 )=35.95=36 cm
Solving for the adjacent leg, x
adjacent x
cos 460= =
hypotenuse 50
x=50 cos 460
x=50 ( 0.695 )
x=34.75 ≈ 35 cm

Example 3. Find b , ϕ and cas shown below.

750
c

ϕ
Solution:
Solving for c,
opposite 10
sin 750= =
hypotenuse c
10 10
c= =
sin 75 0.966
0

c=10.35
Solving for b,
opposite 10
tan75 0= =
adjacent b
10 10
b= =
tan 75 3.732
0

b=2.68
Solving for ϕ,
1800=900 +750 +ϕ
ϕ=1800−900−750
ϕ=150

Example 4. Calculate the hypotenuse of triangle DEF as shown below.

E F
Solution:
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem,
 hypotenuse , c= √ 52 + 42= √25+16=√ 41
c=6.40∈¿

Solving Angle Using Trigonometric Ratios

3
Example 1. Find θ if sin θ= .
5
Solution:
3
sin θ=
5
θ=sin−1 ( 35 )=36.87 0

4
Example 2. Find θ if csc θ= .
5
Solution:
csc θ=3.41
1
=3.41
sinθ
1
=sinθ
3.41
0.293=sin θ
θ=sin−1 0.293=17.04 0
Example 3. Write 36.870 in degrees/minutes form.
Solution:

Press 36.870 D0 M ' S ¿ ¿

The calculator gives an answer of 360 52' 12 ¿.

However, the seconds need to be converted to minutes
using the following conversion factors:
1 min ¿1' =60 sec ¿ 60}¿ ¿
Converting 12 sec to minutes,
12} = {12} ^ { ¿
Since 0.2' <1, therefore
36.870 =360 52' (nearest minute).
Example 4. What is the equivalent of 35.980 in degrees/minutes form?
Solution:

Press 35.980 D0 M ' S ¿ ¿

The calculator gives an answer of 350 58' 48 ¿ .

Converting sec to min,
48 } = {48} ^ { ¿
Therefore, 35.980=350 59' (nearest minute).
 What’s More

Try this! Show complete solution.

1. Write each of the following in degrees and minutes. Give answers to

the nearest minutes.
a. 178.560
b. 73.790
c. 158.50
d. 92.710
e. 158.30

2. Compute the value of the angle to the nearest degree.

a. sin β=0.758
b. tan β=3.143
c. cos β=0.149
d. sec β=1.921
3. What is sin ϕ of the triangle as shown?

ϕ
11

15

4. Find the values of the trigonometric ratios of angles ϕ and βin the
triangle shown below.

What I Have Learned

You have just learned the six trigonometric ratios and its
definitions. Use the concepts in the next activities.

A. Using the figure below, find the required unknown value.

1. F=250 and e=35, find d.
2. F=760 and d=20, find f .
3. F=700 and d=20, find e .
4. d=10 and f =12, find e .
5. e=25 and d=9, find f .
6. f =10 and d=8, find D .
7. f =7 and e=8, find F .
 8. f =10 and F=530, find e .
9. d=20.5 and D=73 0, find f .
10. e=14 and E=730, find f .

B. Draw and sketch a right triangle with the right angle at C, given
the following:
1. A=200 , c=15
2. B=55 0 , b=10
3. A=480 , a=8
4. B=29 0 , c=15
5. A=690 , b=12

C. Use triangle DAP to answer the following questions.

D

b
12

A P
9
1. What is the length of the side opposite the right angle?
2. What is the adjacent side of angle P? angle D ?
3. What is the measure of angle D ? How about angle P ?
4. List the six trigonometric ratios of angles D and P .

D. Evaluate each of the following using a scientific calculator:

1. sin 290
2. cos 64 0
3. cot 880
4. csc 46 0
5. tan180 0

E. Determine the measure of the angle to the nearest degree given the
trigonometric ratio as shown. Use a scientific calculator.

1. sin
−1
( 34 )
−1 √ 5
2. cos
2
3. tan−1 ( 10 )

4. sec
−1
( 34 )
13
5. cot ∅ ( )
6

F. Calculate the measure of the sides and angle of the following right
triangles.
1.
12
y

380
x
2.

16
a

620
b
 What I Can Do

In this section you will learn how to make a clinometer, an

improvised instrument to measure the height. Apply the
knowledge that you have learned.

Activity 1: The Clinometer

Objectives : To make a clinometer, and to measure the height.

Materials : protractor, cardboard, drinking straw, thread, and a
metal washer
Procedure :
A. To make the clinometer
1. Attach the protractor on the cardboard and fix a viewing
tube (drinking straw) along the diameter.
2. Punch a hole at the center of the semicircle.
3. Suspend the weight (metal washer) from a small nail fixed
to the center.
4. Using the string, let the metal washer hang below the
protractor.

B. To measure the height

1. Measure the distance of the object from you. Let the
distance be d.
2. Look through the straw at the top of the object.
3. Hold the clinometer and let your partner record the angle
that the string makes on the clinometer. Let this angle be
∅.
4. Determine the height of the object.
5. Write your observation.
 QUESTIONS:
1. What have you realized after doing the activity?
2. How did you find the height of the object?
3. What other methods or devices can you suggest to solve the
same type of problem?

SUMMARY

A right triangle has one right angle and two acute angles. Opposite
the right angle is the hypotenuse which is the longest side of the
right triangle.

A mnemonic device for remembering the definition of the primary

trigonometric ratios is SOH-CAH-TOA where SOH is an acronym for
sine which is equal to opposite over hypotenuse, CAH stands for
cosine which is equal to adjacent over hypotenuse, and TOA is
tangent which is equal to opposite over adjacent.

There are 6 trigonometric ratios. Three of these are called primary

trigonometric ratios while the other three are secondary trigonometric
ratios.

The primary trigonometric ratios are sine, cosine and tangent.

The secondary trigonometric ratios are cosecant, secant, and

cotangent.

Assessment: (Post-Test)

Comprehension Check. Answer the following.

1. Given tan ∂=√ 3 , what is cot ∂?

1 3
a. √3 b. c. d. none of the choices
√3 √3
2. Given tan ∂=√ 3 , what is sin ∂?
√3 2 4 4
a. b. c. d.
2 √3 3 √3
3. Given tan ∂=√ 3 , what is csc ∂?
√3 2 4 4
a. b. c. d.
2 √3 3 √3
 4. sin 100 =0¿ ¿
a. tan b. sin c. cos d. none of the choices
5
5. Given sin ∅= , what is cos ∅?
7
2√6 5√6 2√7 5√6
a. b. c. d.
7 √6 6 √ 12
5
6. Given sin ∅= , what is tan ∅?
7
2√6 5√6 2√7 5√6
a. b. c. d.
7 √6 6 12
7. Cosecant is defined as
adjacent adjacent hypotenuse opposite
a. b. c. d.
opposite hypotenuse opposite hypotenuse
0
8. cos 10 ≈
a. 0.173648 b. 0.529919 c. 1.000000 d. −0.984808

9. tan
−1
( 23 ) is read as
a. tangent two-thirds
b. arc tangent two-thirds
c. tangent raised to the power of -1 two-thirds
d. two-thirds tangent
10. sec β is read as
a. sine theta
b. cosine beta
c. secant beta
d. cosecant theta

Key to Answers
1. b ( √13 ) 6. d ( 512√ 6 )
√3 hypotenuse
2. a (
2 )
7. c (
opposite )
√3
3. b (
2 )
8. d (−0.984808 )
4. c ( cos ) 9. b ( arc tangent two−thirds )
2√6
5. a ( )7
10. c (secant beta)
References

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d_style_guide/chicago_manual_of_style_17th_edition.html

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