The Operational - Model Course1-27 On ECDIS

Model Course 1.
27
The Operational Use of

Electronic Chart Display and
Information Systems
(ECDIS)
First published in 2000 by the
International Maritime Organization
4 Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7SR
Printed in the UK by
CPC The Printers, Portsmouth
2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3
ISBN 92-801-6112-1
IMO PUBLICATION
Sales number: T127E
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This course in the operational use of ECDIS was developed by
ISSUS (Institute of Ship Operation, Sea Traffic and Simulation), Hamburg, Germany
supported by
Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Ortung und Navigation (DGON),
Bundesamt fUr Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), SevenCs GmbH
and STN ATLAS ELEKTRONIK
IMO expresses its appreciation to the developers for their expert assistance and
co-operation in the production of this course
Copyright © IMO 2000
All rights reserved

No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be produced, stored in a retrieval
system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic,
magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in
writing from the International Maritime Organization
CONTENTS
Foreword v
Introduction 1
Part A: Course Framework 5
Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 9

(1) List of principal ECDIS subjects (training areas)
(2) Inter-relationships between principal ECDIS subjects
(3) Proposed course timetable (1 week)
Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus 14
Part D: Instructor Manual 24

1 General
2 Preparation and conducting of simulator exercises
3 Lesson plans
4 Guidance on specific subject areas
Appendix 1: Examples of Situations and Actions for the Development of Scenarios
Appendix 2: Example of "Errors of Interpretation"
Annex: Resolution A.817(19): Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and
Information Systems (ECDIS)
Resolution MSC.64(67) annex 5 [amending resolution A.817(19)]
Resolution MSC.86(70) annex 4 [amending resolution A.817(19)]
Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses

Foreword
Since its inception the International Maritime Organization has recognized the importance
of human resources to the development of the maritime industry and has given the highest
priority to assisting developing countries in enhancing their maritime training capabilities
through the provision or improvement of maritime training facilities at national and regional
levels. IMO has also responded to the needs of developing countries for postgraduate
training for senior personnel in administration, ports, shipping companies and maritime
training institutes by establishing the World Maritime University in Malmo, Sweden, in 1983.
Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training,

Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1978, a number of IMO Member
Governments had suggested that IMO should develop model training courses to assist in
the implementation of the Convention and in achieving a more rapid transfer of information
and skills regarding new developments in maritime technology. IMO training advisers and
consultants also subsequently determined from their visits to training establishments in
developing countries that the provision of model courses could help instructors improve the
quality of their existing courses and enhance their effectiveness in meeting the
requirements of the Convention and implementing the associated Conference and IMO
Assembly resolutions.
In addition, it was appreciated that a comprehensive set of short model courses in various
fields of maritime training would supplement the instruction provided by maritime
academies and allow administrators and technical specialists already employed in maritime
administrations, ports and shipping companies to improve their knowledge and skills in
certain specialized fields. IMO has therefore developed the current series of model courses
in response to these generally identified needs and with the generous assistance of
Norway.
These model courses may be used by any training institution and the Organization is
prepared to assist developing countries in implementing any course when the requisite
financing is available.
W. A. O'NEIL
Secretary-General
Introduction
• The features of ECDIS

ECOIS systems offer numerous benefits compared to conventional navigation (automatic
display of own ship's position, automatic updating, potential radar overlay, etc.) and are
considered to be a significant step towards safer navigation. They will eventually replace
paper charts on board many ships.
ECOIS must be able to provide at least the same navigational functions as a conventional
paper chart. Unlike charts, ECOIS is a complex navigation system of a highly sophisticated
level which includes not only a large number of navigational functions, but also components
of a complex computer-based information system such as hardware, software, sensor
inputs, specific ECOIS data and their presentation rules, status indications and alarms,
man-machine interface, etc. Therefore, care must be taken when navigating with ECOIS
and using its navigational functions to avoid misinformation and malfunctions. Although the
minimum performance standards for ECOIS have been laid down, no real standards for
hardware, data presentation software (ECOIS kernel) and man-machine interface exist.
Consequently, it is expected that a variety of different equipment types will be installed on
board ships.
Thus, time and effort must be invested in order to master ECOIS devices prior to their use.
In the interests of safe navigation, training and certification requirements are necessary.
• IMO Requirements
(a) Technical requirements
The minimum performance standards for ECOIS are laid down in IMO resolution A.817(19)
"Performance Standards for ECOIS". However, when using ECOIS in a RCDS chart mode
of operation there remains a requirement to carry an appropriate and up-to-date folio of
paper charts.
(b) Competence requirements

In the STCW 95 Convention, no particular formal emphasis is placed on ECOIS systems.
Instead they are considered to be included under the term "charts" (Table A-II/1). Following
the functional approach, the officer in charge of a navigational watch must have "thorough
knowledge of and ability to use navigational charts and publications, ...". The methods for
demonstrating competence are "using chart catalogues, charts, navigational publications, ...
electronic navigation equipment ...". Criteria for evaluating competency are stated as "The
charts selected are the largest scale suitable for the area of navigation and charts and
publications are corrected in accordance with the latest information available". In Section B-
11/1(Assessment of abilities and skills in navigational watchkeeping), a candidate for
certification must provide evidence of skills and ability to prepare for and conduct a
passage, "including interpretation and applying information from charts".
(c) Performance standards

The minimum performance standards for ECOIS are laid down in IMO resolution A.817(19)
"Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Oisplay and Information Systems (ECOIS)".
OPERATIONAL USE OF ECOIS
• Goals of this course

The candidate shall be able to:
• operate the EGOIS equipment, use the navigational functions of EGOIS, select and
assess all relevant information and take proper action in the case of a malfunction;
• state the potential errors of displayed data and the usual errors of interpretation; and
• explain why EGIOS should not be relied upon as the sole reliable aid to navigation.
• The purpose of this model course

The purpose of this course is to enhance safety of navigation by providing the knowledge
and skills necessary to fully utilize the features of EGOIS. Furthermore, the purpose is to
assist training institutions and their faculty in organizing and introducing new training
courses for EGIOS. IMO has produced "Guidance on the implementation of model courses"
which deals with this aspect in greater detail and is included as an attachment to this
course. The model course may also be used to enhance, update or supplement existing
training material in order to improve quality and effectiveness of the training courses offered
by the institutes.
• Preparing an ECDIS course on the basis of the model course

To prepare and plan an EGOIS course, the instructor should review:
• the course framework,
• the course plan,
• the detailed syllabus, and
• the instructor manual of the model course.
Although the essential learning objectives for safe and efficient use of EGOIS are identified
and laid down in this model course, the actual ·scope, content and length of a training
course may be dependent on:
• the actual level of knowledge, skills and prior technical education of the trainees;
• the time available for the course;
• the facilities available, e.g. type of simulator.
• Course outline
The course outline for the EGOIS training course (Part 8) is composed of:
• a catalogue of the principal EGOIS subjects (training areas),
• an illustration of the interrelationship between the EGOIS subjects, and
• a course timetable on a 1-week basis.
2
INTRODUCTION
• Syllabus
The detailed teaching syllabus is based on a navigational job analysis in which the
navigational functions for making proper use of EGOIS are identified and structured in 17
functional areas (Part G). The syllabus is laid out in learning-objective format. Each
objective specifies what the trainee must be able to do as the learning outcome.
• Instructor manual
The instructor manual (Part 0) essentially gives information and examples for:
• the preparation of simulator exercises,
• the drawing up of individual lesson plans, and
• guidance on specific subject areas
and describes the importance of:

• teaching (and planning) in a well structured, learning-objective-oriented way,
• theoretical knowledge (of EGOIS data) for safe practical use of EGOIS, and
• the unity of passage planning and passage monitoring.
• Prerequisites for implementation

For the course to be effective and to run smoothly, considerable attention must be paid to
thorough preparation and to the availability and use of:
• properly qualified instructors;
• support staff;
• appropriate rooms and other facilities;
• suitable equipment;
• textbooks, technical papers, and other reference material.
The knowledge, skills and dedication of the instructor are the key components in the
transfer of knowledge and skills to those being trained by means of IMO model course
material.
• Degree of obligation of and freedom from the model course

The model course has been designed to specify clearly the technical content and levels of
knowledge and skill necessary to meet the technical intent of IMO conventions and related
recommendations. However, it is not the intention of the model course to present instructors
with a rigid "teaching package" which they are expected to "follow blindly". Instead, flexibility
is necessary. Because educational systems and the cultural backgrounds of trainees in
maritime subjects vary considerably from country to country, the model course material has
been designed to identify the basic entry requirements and trainee target group for each
course in universally applicable terms. Moreover, all trainees and the instructor are in an
ongoing process of individual and group evaluation. The presentation of concepts and
methodologies must be repeated in various ways until the instructor is satisfied that the
trainee has attained each specific learning objective.
3
OPERATIONAL USE OF ECDIS
• Potential problems
The implementation and running of ECOIS training courses may face a couple of specific
problems:
• Oue to a lack of standardized ECOIS user interfaces, there is considerable product
differentiation.
• Trainees on an ECOIS course may have differing experience in the use of chart work,
standard navigational procedures and equipment, and in the use of computers including
standard MMls.
• For exercises in real-time navigation, full-mission navigation simulators or multi-mode
marine training systems are preferable to stand-alone ECOIS sets, but the facilities of
the training institutions might not include such equipment.
• Specific textbooks dealing with ECOIS at the required depth are hardly available at all
for the first phase of ECOIS training.
• Necessary adjustments of the course

Adjustment of course objectives, scope, content, and time allocation may be necessary in a
number of cases as follows:
• Some areas within the detailed syllabus may cause difficulties because the actual
trainee entry level differs from that assumed by the course designer.
• In certain maritime areas and professions (e.g. pilots), the trainees completing the
course are to undertake duties which differ from the course objectives specified in the
model course.
The instructor should identify all specific differences. To allow training to be effective and to
compensate for such differences, the instructor may:
• delete from the course (or reduce the emphasis on) items dealing with knowledge or
skills already attained by the trainees; or
• insert elements of academic knowledge required to support the technical training
elements at appropriate stages; or
• re-allocate the time required to achieve a specific learning objective; or
• design an appropriate pre-entry course; or
• integrate into an existing training programme the goals and objectives of this model
course.
• Validation
The information contained in this document has been validated by the Sub-Committee on
Standards of Training and Watchkeeping for use by technical advisers, consultants and
experts for the training and certification of seafarers so that the minimum standards
implemented may be as uniform as possible. "Validation" in the context of this document
means that no grounds have been found to object to its content. The Sub-Committee has
not granted its approval to the document, as it considers that this work must not be
regarded as an official interpretation of the Convention.
4
PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK
Part A: Course Framework
• Scope
This course provides training in the basic theory and use of Electronic Ghart Oisplay and
Information Systems (EGOIS) for those who will be in charge of a navigational watch on
vessels equipped with EGOIS. The training comprises all safety-relevant aspects and - for this
reason - aims beyond the use of operational controls. Because EGOIS systems and MMls are
in an ongoing process of evolution, a functional approach, not a product-oriented approach,
is aimed at. As EGO IS is part of a complex system (including sensors, track control, etc.),
complex training based on a variety of functionalities and potential problems is promoted.
The theoretical aspects like all major characteristics of EGOIS data such as data contents and
all major characteristics of the display of EGOIS data will be covered in sufficient depth.
For practical capabilities and skills, exercises are performed which will provide practice in
setting up and maintaining an EGOIS display, in planning and monitoring a route, in using basic
navigational functions and equipment in a real-time navigational environment, in activating
updates and in performing proper actions which are necessary for a safe navigational watch .
• Objective
A trainee successfully completing this course will be able to use EGOIS for his navigational
watch. He will be able to operate EGOIS equipment, use the navigational functions of
EGOIS, select and assess all relevant information and take proper action.
The trainee will acquire and develop a knowledge and understanding of the basic principles
governing the safe operation of EGOIS, including EGOIS data and their presentation, as well
as the system-related limitations and potential dangers.
He will be able to generate and maintain displays, to operate all basic navigational functions
and all specific functions for route planning as well as route monitoring, to use and select
proper navigational data and to display the data in the appropriate manner. He will also be able
to perform updating.
He will be able to 'analyse nautical alarms during route planning and route monitoring as well
as sensor alarms. He will be able to assess the impact of the performance limits of sensors on
the safe use of EGOIS and to appreciate that the back-up system is only of limited
performance. He will be able to assess errors, inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by
improper data management. Thus, he will be aware of errors in displayed data, errors of
interpretation and the risk of over-reliance on EGOIS and be able to take proper action.
In addition, he will have knowledge of the principal types of electronic chart and the essential
legal aspects of the use of EGOIS.
5
• Entry standards
The course is designated both for candidates for certification as officers in charge of a
navigational watch and for experienced nautical officers and other persons with responsible
duties in navigation work, such as pilots.
Those wishing to enterthis course should have experience in performing chart work and should
be able to practise all usual tasks concerning standard navigational procedures and equipment.
They should know about the functions and limitations of other navigational equipment.
They should preferably be familiar with standard computer MMls, including elements such as
windows, menus, trackball, etc.
• Course certificate, diploma or document

Every master, chief mate and officer in charge of a navigational watch on a ship fitted with
ECOIS should have completed a course in the use of ECOIS.
On successful completion of the course and assessments, a document may be issued

certifying that the holder has successfully completed a course of training which meets or
exceeds the level of knowledge and competence specified in Table A-1I/1 of STCW Code. A
certificate may be issued only by centres approved by the Administration. However, the
issuance of a certificate to an officer in charge of a navigational watch, in accordance with
regulation 11/1of the STCW Convention, testifies that the candidate has reached the required
level of competence.
• Course intake limitations

The course intake will be limited by the availability of equipment such as ECOIS sets, multi-
mode marine training systems orfull-mission navigation simulators. Experience shows that the
efficacy of practical training is optimized when the intake does not exceed three trainees per
(standalone) ECOIS set and four trainees on a simulator bridge during exercises in their use.
(The duration of complex exercises is up to 5 hours.)
• Staff requirements
The qualifications of the instructor should be in accordance with requirements laid down in
section A-1/6 of the STCW Code.
He should also be thoroughly familiar with the operation of the equipment to be used in the
course.
6
PART A: COURSE FRAMEWORK
• Teaching facilities and equipment

For the theoretical part of the syllabus, a classroom equipped with an overhead projector and
a blackboard will be required.
For the demonstration of ECDIS features, an ECDIS set with real or simulated sensor input for
position, course, speed and depth is required. Own ship must be able to move along the chart.
A suitable multi-mode marine training system containing the essential ECDIS features may also
be used.
For most practical exercises of the trainees, the equipment should allow a navigational watch
as close to reality as possible in real time. A full-mission navigation simulator bridge including
an ECDIS set would be desirable.
• Teaching aids (A)

A1 Instructor Manual (Part D of this Course)
A2 Video-cassette player
A3 Video cassettes about the use of ECDIS (if available), e.g. made by independent
producers or ECDIS manufacturers
A4 ECDIS data for an appropriate area
A5 Simulator for ENC updates (if available)
To be extended whenever suitable teaching aids are available.
• IMO references (R)

R1 Assembly resolution A.817(19), as amended by resolutions MSC.64(67) annex 5 and
MSC.86(70) annex 4, Performance standards for ECDIS
R2 STCW Convention 1995
R3 SOLAS chapter V (under revision)
R4 Resolution A.823(19), Performance standards for ARPA
R5 Resolution A.477(XII), as amended by resolution MSC.64(67) annex 4, Performance
standards for radar equipment
R6 Resolution A.824(19), Performance standards for devices to indicate speed and
distance
R7 Resolution A.424(XI), Performance standards for gyro-compasses
R8 Resolution A.819(19), Performance standards for GPS receivers
R9 Resolution A.224(VII), as amended by resolution MSC.74(69) annex 4, Performance
standards for echo-sounding equipment
R10 Resolution MSC.64(67) annex 3, Performance standards for heading control systems
R11 Resolution MSC.74(69) annex 2, Performance standards for track control systems
R12 Resolution MSC.86(70) annex 3, Performance standards for integrated navigation
systems
R13 SN/Circ.207, Differences between RCDS and ECDIS
R14 Resolution MSC.64(67), Recommendations on new and amended performance
standards
R15 Resolution MSC.86(70), Adoption of new and amended performance standards for
navigational equipment.
7
• Textbooks and other references (T)

T1 IHO Special Publication No.5-52 Specifications for Chart Content and Display Aspects
of ECDIS (up-to-date edition)
T2 IHO Special Publication No.5-57 IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data
(up-to-date edition)
T3 Appendix 3 of T1, Glossary of ECDIS-related terms
T4 IEC Publication 61174, Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and
systems - Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) - Operational and
performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results
To be extended whenever suitable textbooks are available .
• Bibliography (B)
B1 N. Bowditch, The American Practical Navigator. (Defence Mapping Agency Publication
No.9), 1995 edition (chapter 14; pages 219 to 224)
To be extended whenever a more extensive and in-depth bibliography is available.
8
PART B: COURSE OUTLINE AND TIMETABLE
Part B: Course Outline and Timetable

The course outline for the EGDIS training course is specified by
a list of the principal EGDIS subjects (training areas) including the area objectives and
syllabus outline;
a flowchart to illustrate the inter-relationships between the principal EGDIS subjects;
a course timetable (on a 1-week basis).
Part B (1)
List of principal ECDIS subjects (training areas)
Notes:
The area objectives for the principal EGDIS subjects (written in italics) are understood
to be prefixed by the words "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee is able to
..."
Teaching staff should note that timetables are suggestions only as regards sequence
and length of time allocated to each objective. These factors may be adapted by
lecturers to suit individual groups of trainees depending on their experience, ability,
equipment and staff availability for training.
L = Lecture; D = Demonstration; E = Exercise
Training area Area objective and syllabus outline Lessons L D E

1 Legal aspects and Describe the essential legal aspects and 0.5 (0.5 - -)
requirements responsibilities in the use of ECOIS
Carriage requirements
Equivalency
Performance standards
Data procurement
Training requirements
2 Principal types of State the main characteristics of principal types 0.75 (0.75 - -)
electronic chart of electronic chart (vector and raster)
3 ECDIS data Explain all safety-relevant as well as all other 2.5 (1.5 0.5 0.5)
major characteristics of ECOIS data such as
data contents, handle ECOIS data on board
and assess all errors, inaccuracies, and
ambiguities caused by improper data
management
Terms and definitions
Data structure and database
ENC creation
Data quality
Reference systems
Data distribution
Loading and storing
9

4 Presentation of Explain the main characteristics of the display 2.0 (0.75 1.0 0.25)
ECOIS data of ECDIS data and select proper information for
the navigational tasks
Presentation library
Modifying the chart presentation
Scope and selection of chart data (display
categories)
Automatic presentation rules
Modes of presentation
5 Sensors Describe the performance limits of sensors and 1.5 (1.0 0.25 0.25)
assess their impact on the safe use of ECDIS
Performance limits
Fall-back sensor systems
Data reference system
Selection of appropriate and unambiguous
sensor data
Plausibility of sensor input
6 Basic navigational Operate all basic navigational functions and 2.75 (0.25 0.5 2.0)
functions and settings
settings Automatic functions
Manual functions
Own chart entries
Presentation of navigational marks
Additional information
Vector types
7 Specific functions Operate all specific functions and obtain all 7.5 (0.5 1.0 6.0)
for route planning relevant information for route planning from
ECDIS
Sea area selection
Route planning information
Construction of a route
Adjustment of a planned route
Curved track planning
Planning notes
Safety values
Check for navigational safety .
Ultimate route
8 Specific functions Operate all specific functions for route 9.5 (0.5 1.0 8.0)
for route monitoring monitoring and obtain all relevant information
for navigation and for the ship's safety
Monitored area
Required route
Vector-time
Check measurements
Look-ahead function
Alarms
Current and wind
9 Updating Perform updates and appreciate the 2.0* (0.75 0.25 1.0)
imporlanceofupdanng
Production and distribution of updates
Manual, semi-automatic and automatic
updating
Performing updates on board
Updating and safe navigation
* Depending on the technical realization of updating

10

10 Display and function Explain the display and possible dangers and 1.75 (0.5 0.75 0.5)
of other navigational demonstrate the function of other navigational
information information
Radar superimposition
Automatic track-keeping
Use of transponders
11 Errors in displayed Explain the potential errors of displayed data 1.5 (0.5 0.5 0.5)
-
data and take proper action
Potential errors in the ECDIS display
Potential errors in the display of own ship's
position
Correctness of displayed data
12 Errors of Explain the potential errors of interpretation and 1.5 (0.5 0.5 0.5)
interpretation take proper action to avoid these errors
13 Status indications, Explain the status indications, indicators and 1.5 (0.5 0.5 0.5)
indicators and alarms for different kinds of situation and take
alarms proper action
Definition and meaning of indicators and
alarms
Nautical indications/alarms and sensor alarms
Data and chart alarms
14 Documentation Understand the meaning of voyage recording 0.5 (0.25 0.25 -)
and operate the corresponding functions
Automatic voyage recording
Reconstruction of past track
15 Integrity monitoring Analyse and assess the functioning of EGOIS 1.25 (0.25 0.5 0.5)
On-line test
Manual and visual tests
Verification of proper functioning
16 Back-up Navigate as safely as possible using the back- 1.5 (0.25 0.25 1.0)
up system in the case of an EGOIS failure
Takeover by the back-up system
Reduced functional capabilities
Periodical function test
17 Risk of over- Assess the limits of EGOIS as a tool which 1.5 (0.5 0.5 0.5)
reliance on ECDIS does not release the navigator from proper
watchkeeping
Total 40.0 (9.5 8.5 22.0)
Since ECDIS subjects 8, 11, 12, 13, 17 are dealt with simultaneously, it may be impracticable
to allocate separate simulator time for these subjects. Instead, a reasonable total time may be
allocated to ECDIS subject 8 (Specific functions for route monitoring).
11
Part B (3): Proposed Course Timetable "Use of ECDIS"

Day I
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 DayS
Session
Morning 6 (Familiariz- 1 Legal aspects 9 Updating 13 Status 16 Back-up
ation) and requirements indications,
Basic indicators
navigational and alarms
functionsl
settings
L+D L L+D+E L+D+E L+D+E
6 Familiarization 7 Specific functions 5 Sensors 14 Document- 17 Risk of over-
(continued) for route planning ation reliance on
(offshore waters) ECDIS
E L+D L+D+E L+D L+D+E

2 Principal types 7 Route planning 10 Display of 7 Route 7 Route
of electronic (offshore waters) other planning planning
chart navigational (coastal (confined
equipment waters and waters)
approaches)
L E L+D+E E E
Afternoon 3 ECDIS data 8 Specific functions 11 Errors of 8 Route 8 Route
for route displayed monitoring monitoring
monitoring data (coastal (confined
waters and waters)
approaches)
L+D+E L+D L+D+E E

4 Presentation of 8 Route monitoring 12 Errors of 15 Integrity
ECDIS data (offshore waters) interpretation monitoring
L+D+E E L+D+E L+D+E E
Notes
L = Lecture, D = Demonstration, E = Exercise
Total teaching contact time: 40 hours. Short breaks can be taken between the
periods as necessary or convenient.
ECDIS subjects 8, 11, 12, 13, 17 are dealt with simultaneously. It may be impractical
to allocate separate exercise time to them. Instead, a reasonable total time may be
allocated to subject 8.
Additional periods of discussion/workshop can be arranged as necessary or
convenient.
The sequence of lessons is essentially based on didactic reasons and on the inter-
relations between the subjects stated in the flowchart (Part 8(2».
13
Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus

The detailed teaching syllabus indicates the contents of the course and appropriate references
and teaching aids .
• Learning objectives
The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning-objective format in which the
objective describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that knowledge has been
acquired. All objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words "The expected learning
outcome is that the trainee is able to ................................. ".
• References and teaching aids

In order to assist the instructor, references are shown against the learning objective to indicate
IMO references and publications, bibliographies, textbooks and other references, as well as
additional teaching aids which the instructor may wish to use when preparing course material.
The material is listed in the course framework. The following notations and abbreviations are
used:
R IMO references
T textbook and other references
8 bibliography
A teaching aids
Ch. chapter
p. page
para. paragraph
Ap. Appendix
The following are examples of the use of references:

"R1 - para. 1.2" refers to paragraph 1.2 of the annex of Assembly resolution A.817(19) as
amended;
"81 - p. 220" refers to page 220 of the bibliography item The American Practical Navigator,
"A 1 - Ch. 4.1" refers to chapter 4.1 of the instructor manual (Part 0 of this course) .
• User manual
The user manual (Part D) has been used to structure and comment on the detailed teaching
syllabus and will provide valuable information to instructors.
14
PART C: DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS
f Detailed Teaching Syllabus

I
I: o~::~: =~e ~d.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.':~eexpected learningoutcomeis that
IMO Blblio- Teaching

learning objectives Reference graphy Aid
1 Legal aspects and requirements

Anta objective: describe the essential legal aspects and A1-
I8Sponsibllltles In the use of ECDIS Ch.4.1
1.1 explain (C2) the SOLAS (chapter V) carriage requirements R3

concerning the carriage of charts
1.2 explain (C2) the equivalency of ECDIS and paper charts to R1 - para.
make it clear that only ECDIS using the official ENC entitles 1.2,
him to navigate without paper charts R2
1.3 outline (C1) the IMO performance standards for ECDIS R1
1.4 explain and accept (C2, A5) his responsibilities with regard to
"data procurement"
1.5 explain and accept the training requirements concerning the

operation of navigation equipment
2 Principal types of electronic chart

Anta obJective: state the main characteristics of principal B1 A1-
types of electronic chart Ch.4.2
state (C2):
- the differences between different ECDIS systems
- the differences between ECDIS and ECS
- the differences between vector and raster charts
3 ECDIS data
Area obJective: explain all safety-relevant as well as all other T1, T2 A1-
major characteristics of ECDIS data such as data contents, Ch.4.3
handle ECDIS data on board and assess all errors,
Inaccuracies and ambiguities caused by improper data
management
3.1 describe (C1) the terms and definitions used in the context of R1 - para. 2
ECDIS, such as S-52, S-57, "object-oriented" data, "vector
data", presentation-independence of data, ENC, and SENC
3.2 explain (C2):

- the data structure and database of ECDIS, including
objects and their attributes (object catalogue)
- that the display is a portrait of ECDIS data, Le. only the
information contained and structured in the
objects/attributes is available for display
- how manual updates are entered in the database
3.3 outline (C1) the steps and responsibilities during ENC

creation
15
IMO Blbllo- Teaching

Learning objectives Reference graphy AId
3.4 explain (C2) why chart data quality is dependent on factors
such
as (survey-) accuracy, updatedness, coverage and
completeness of chart data
assess (C6) that the data quality is doubtful due to the

change of the factors named above
explain (C2) the different reference systems used for 81-

3.5
positioning (including time, direction, speed) and associated p.219
problems in ECDIS as well as the effects of horizontal and
vertical datum
assess (C6) all errors, inaccuracies and ambiguities caused

by improper data management
3.6 outline (C1) the organization of chart data distribution
3.7 demonstrate (C3) the loading and storing of ECDIS data by

calling up the directory of available chart data and by
importing the chart data for the waters in question
4 Presentation of ECDIS data

R1 - para. 3 T1 A1-
Area obJective: explain the main characteristics of the display
&Ap.2 Ch. 4.4
of ECDIS data and select proper Information for the
navigational tasks
4.1 explain (C2) the major rules for presentation contained in the
presentation library for ECDIS
apply (C3) the major rules for presentation to the display

presentation
4.2 explain (C2) the factors characterizing and modifying the R1 - para. 8.1
chart presentation, such as projection, colours and symbols to 8.4 & Ap. 3
as well as data quality such as accuracy, resolution and
completeness
4.3 describe (C1) the scope and selection of chart data to be

displayed
select (C3) the relevant information contents by the display R1 - para. 3.2
categories "Display base", "Standard display" and "All other &Ap.2
information"
apply (C3) the different possibilities of selection of the sea

area
4.4 outline (C1) the meaning of automatic presentation rules for

ECDIS
select and apply (C3) appropriate display modes such as: R1 - para. 3.4
- display category
- scale
- day or night presentation
assess (C6) the resulting differences in information

Learning objectives Reference graphy Aid
R1 - para. 7.1
identify (C1) the different modes of presentation such as: to 7.3
4.5
- true or relative motion
- north-up or course-up stabilization
select and apply (C3) the suitable mode of presentation for R1 - para. 7.4
the actual situation
5 Sensors
R1 - para. 12 A1-
Area objective: describe the performance limits of sensors
Ch.4.5
and assess their impact on the safe use of ECDIS
explain (C2) the performance limits concerning availability, R4, R5, R6,
5.1
accuracy and integrity of all navigational sensors connected R7,RB,R9
to ECDIS (Le. devices to determine position, course, speed
and depth as well as radar)
assess (C6) the impairment of ECDIS performance in the

case of a deterioration in sensor performance
5.2 select and use (C3) an appropriate fall-back sensor system

by switching to it or alternatively notice automatic switch-over
and use of the fall-back system
5.3 explain (C2) the data reference system of each connected

sensor (e.g. geodetic system, position of antenna and
transducer)
5.4 explain (C2) the need for selection of appropriate and

unambiguous sensor data displayed in ECDIS
5.5 assess (C6) the plausibility of sensor input values to ECDIS
6 Basic navigational functions and settings

R1-Ap.3 A1-
Area objectives: operate all basic navigational functions and
Ch.4.6
settings
identify (C1) all automatic functions required for monitoring R1 -Ap. 3

6.1
ship's safety such as the display of position, heading/gyro
course, speed, safety values and time
6.2 demonstrate (C3):

how manual functions and elements such as cursor, R1 - para.
-
electronic bearing line and range rings are used 10.5.11 &
Ap.3
- how a position which was not automatically determined is
marked on the ECDIS display
- how position-fixing methods are applied within ECDIS
(line of position)
- how the range scale and/or the scale is changed, how R1 - para.
own ship's safety values such as "safety contour" or 3.6 & 3.7
"safety depth" are set

- how own chart entries like "Mariner's notes" or events
are applied
- how own chart entries are removed
17
IMO Bibllo- Teaching

Learning objectives
Reference graphy Aid
6.4 demonstrate (C3) how the presentation of navigation marks
is changed

- how additional information on particular ENC objects
such as lights are switched on for display
- how depth values and spot soundings are picked
6.6 demonstrate (C3) the two vector types indicating the ship's
motion over ground and through the water and their benefits
and drawbacks
7 Specific functions for route planning

Area objective: operate all specific functions and obtain all R1 - para. A1-
relevant Information for route planning from ECDIS 10.4 Ch.4.7
7.1 demonstrate (C3) how the sea areas and the required waters
for planning the whole passage are selected for display

- how relevant route planning information such as sailing
directions, tidal or meteorological information is gained
from ECOIS and other sources
- how information required for specific situations such as
anchoring is obtained
7.3 demonstrate (C3) how the construction of a route is R1 - para.

performed by the input of waypoints, both directly on the 10.4.1
ECOIS display and alphanumerically
7.4 demonstrate (C3) how the adjustment of a planned route by R1 - para.

editing waypoints is performed 10.4.2

- how curved track planning is performed by the input of R1 - para.
turning radii, wheel-over points/lines and safe speeds 10.4.1
- how courses and distances of the track are obtained
from the chart by different methods such as cursor
position, selection of legs or recalling the waypoint list
- how time marks are set R1 - para.
- how track limits are set 10.4.6

- how planning notes such as courses, rudder angles and
speeds to be maintained in a specific area are applied
- how expected passage times are determined
- how current is to be considered when plotting a track in
the ECOIS display
7.7 assess (C6) which safety values are to be selected in R1 - para.

accordance with the ship's dimensions and the manoeuvring 10.4.4
parameters to be applied
7.8 demonstrate (C3) how a planned route is checked for R1 - para.

navigational safety 10.4.4 &
10.4.5 & Ap. 4
18

Learning objectives
7.9 assess (C6):
- if a track is reliably safe by considering all predictable
hazards along it
- which ultimate route is to be taken
- which points/areas are critical
8 Specific functions for route monitoring

Area obJective: operate all specific functions for route R1 - para. A1-
monitoring and obtain all relevant Information for navigation 10.5 Ch.4.8
and for the ship's safety
8.1 demonstrate (C3) how a monitored area is selected. left and R1 - para.
returned to 10.5.2
8.2 demonstrate (C3) how the required route is selected, called R1 - para.
up and, if necessary, modified 10.5.1 &
10.5.10
8.3 demonstrate (C3) how a predicted position can be generated

by setting a "vector-time" and explain (C2) the relevance of
"vector-time" information
8.4 demonstrate (C3) how check measurements of the ship's R1 - para.

position, independent of the ECDIS equipment including its 10.5.11
sensors, are performed and plotted in ECDIS
8.5 explain (C2) the relevance of the "look-ahead function" and

demonstrate (C3) how the "look-ahead function" is
performed
8.6 explain (C2) how the alarms concerning route monitoring are R1 - para.
triggered, e.g. 10.5.3 to
- by crossing a safety contour or prohibited area 10.5.9 & Ap. 4
- by violation of the set limits for deviation from on arrival &5
at a critical point of the route
demonstrate (C3) how alarms are set with regard to their

presentation and their alarm levels
assess (C6) the significance of the different alarms

concerning route monitoring
8.7 demonstrate (C3) how values for current and wind which are
obtained from external sources are applied to ECDIS
9 Updating
Area obJective: apply updates and assess the Importance of R1 - para. 4 A1-
updating Ch.4.9
9.1 outline (C1):

- how the production of updates by national hydrographic
services is performed
- how the distribution of updates by regional data centres
is organized and executed
9.2 explain (C2) the essentials of manual, semi-automatic and

automatic updating
19

Learning objectives
9.3 perform (C3) updates on board by:
- performing (C3) the manual and semi-automatic
updating procedures
- indicating (C3) how items which are added to, removed
from or altered on the original ENC are marked and
indicated
- displaying updates in order to: R 1 - para. 4.8
• review their contents and
• ascertain that they have been included in the SENC
9.4 realize (A 1) that only continuously updated data allow safe

navigation
10 Display and function of other navigational information

Area objective: explain the display and possible dangers and
demonstrate the function of navigational information R1 - para. 6 A1-
Ch.4.10
10.1 demonstrate (C3) how radar superimposition is employed R3,R4
explain (C 2) and assess (C6) possible offsets of radar

echoes of fixed charted objects from their charted position
10.2 indicate (C3) how automatic track-keeping is employed R10, R11
describe (C1) the potential dangers of the automatic track-

keeping mode
10.3 demonstrate (C3) the use of information from transponders
11 Errors of displayed data

AI1NIobjectives: explain the potential errors of displayed data A1-
and take proper action Ch. 4.11
11.1 explain (C2) the potential errors of the ECOIS display due to: R1-para.11
- inaccurate hydrographic data
- poor resolution
- the shifting of buoys
11.2 explain (C2) that potential errors introduced by: R1 - para. 12

- inaccurate input from the electronic position-fixing
system
- inaccurate input of radar data
- different geodetic co-ordinate systems
- reference position of sensors on board
may result in errors in the display of own ship's position
11.3 check (C6) the correctness of displayed data:

- by comparing ECOIS and radar information
- by checking the ship's position by means of a second
independent position-fixing system
12 Errors of interpretation
Area obJective: explain the potential errors of interpretation A1-
and take proper action to avoid these errors Ch.4.12
20

Learning objectives Reference graphy Aid
Explain (C2) the errors of interpretation due to: R1 - para. 5
- different modes of vector stabilization

- overscale of the display
R8
- neglecting the 95% probability of the accuracy standard
of the fixing sensor
- automatic track-keeping features such as the continuous
display of own ship's position on the preplanned track
- difference between true north and gyro north (radar)
avoid (C6) errors of interpretation by verifying the selection
of:
- a common reference system
- the appropriate scale
- the sensors best suited for the given situation
- the safety values
- display categories
- usage, etc.
13 Status Indications, Indicators and alarms A1-

Area objectives: explain the status indications, indicators and Ch.4.13
alarms for different kinds of situation and take proper action
R1 - Ap. 5 &
outline (C1) the definition and meaning of status indications,
13.1 Ap.4
indicators and alarms related to ECDIS, including the areas
for which ECDIS should provide an alarm or indication
R1 - para.
13.2 explain (C2) and analyse (C4): 10.4.5 &
the nautical indications during route planning
- 10.5.4
- the nautical alarms during route monitoring
the sensor alarms and indications, and apply (C3)
- appropriate measures in the case of their occurrence
R1 - para. 5
13.3 explain (C2) and analyse (C4) the data and chart alarms,
resulting from a non-WGS 84 geodetic datum or overscale
setting
14 Documentation R1 - para. A1-

Area obJective: understand the meaning of voyage recording Ch.4.14
10.6
and operate the co"espondlng functions
outline (C1) the essentials of automatic voyage recording

14.1

- how the contents of automatic voyage recording are
called up, in particular:
• how a past track is constructed and
• how the database in use is verified
• how possible selections of, for example, recording
media or recording intervals are carried out
15 Integrity monitoring A1-

Area objective: analyse and assess the proper functioning of Ch.4.15
ECDIS
15.1 outline (C1): T4

- the proceeding of the on-line test during booting
the on-line system check during normal operation
-
21

Learning objectives
15.2 perform (C3): R1 - para. 13
- manual tests of the major functions of hardware, MMI
and sensor data
- visual tests of chart data
15.3 recognize (C3) all status indications
verify (C3):
- the proper functioning of the ECDIS display and the
position-fixing system by comparing ECDIS and radar
objects or back-up positioning system
- that all received updates are contained in the ECDIS
display
assess (C6) that the navigation process is safe
16 Back-up
Area obJective: navigate as safely as possible using the back- R1 - para. 14 A1-
up system In the case of an ECDIS failure Ch.4.16
16.1 perform (C3):

- a safe takeover by the back-up system R1 -Ap. 6
- a safe transfer of all relevant passage planning data from
the ECDIS to the back-up system
- a transfer of all relevant updates immediately to the
back-up system
16.2 explain (C2) the reduced functional capabilities which are

available with the back-up system
appreciate (C6) that the back-up system is only of limited

performance and that the back-up system should be
replaced by a properly functioning ECDJS as soon as
possible
16.3 explain (C2) that periodical function tests and practice of the
takeover procedure are necessary in order to verify proper
functioning of the back-up device in an emergency case
17 Risk of over-reliance on ECCIS

Area obJective: assess the limits of ECDIS as a tool which A1-
does not release the navigator from proper watchkeeplng Ch.4.17
recognize (A 1):
- that a potential risk of improper functioning of the system
and of data inaccuracy is inherent in the system
- that the displayed hydrographic data are not more
reliable than the survey data on which they are based
- that the displayed sensor data are not more reliable
than the respective sensor systems they originate from
- that ECDIS is only a tool that supports the mariner in the
performing of the navigational tasks
- that errors/inaccuracies in one subsystem may influence
the performance of other subsystems and potentially
render the ECDIS useless
22

Learning objectives
perform (C3) a navigational watch which is not based on only
one system
assess (C6)
- the integrity of the system and all data at all times
- that he should also use other available aids to navigation
and determine which ones are appropriate
Part D: Instructor Manual

1 General
This model course, in particular the selection of principal ECOIS subjects, the relative
importance of these subjects, the interrelations between these subjects, the learning
objectives, the necessary teaching tools, the time allocated to achieving the learning
objectives, the selection of methodology and the organization, reflects the views of the
course designer. The model course should give sufficient guidance to develop and initially
start an ECOIS training course.
On the basis of the general objectives of ECOIS training which require that the mariner is
able:
• to understand the basic principles of ECOIS data and their presentation;
• to operate the ECOIS equipment; and
• to be aware of all potential errors,
the instructor should prepare, plan and present his own course. He should work out his own
methods and ideas, refine and develop what is successful and discard those ideas which
do not work. Guidance is provided in the booklet entitled "Guidance on the implementation
of IMO model courses" which includes a checklist for preparation of courses.
Instructors should also encourage course participants to review equipment manufacturers'

ECOIS training media during shipboard familiarization indoctrination and before accepting
navigational watch duties.
1.1 Learning objectives

The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning-objective format in which the
objective describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that knowledge has been
transferred. This format is an appropriate teaching and assessment tool to express:
• the depth of understanding of a subject and the degree of familiarization with a
subject on the part of the trainee and
• what capabilities the trainee should really have and demonstrate (as opposed to
what the instructor told him and what he should have listened to).
Every instructor would be well advised to teach "learning in an objective-related way"

instead of "in a material-related way". In this context, all objectives are understood to be
prefixed by the words "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee is able to
........................................."
To indicate the degree of learning outcome of this course, the learning objectives for the
"Detailed Teaching Syllabus" (Section 3) are classified in three dimensions: "C" (cognitive),
"A" (affective), and "P" (psycho-motoric). Within a dimension, they are hierarchized by
increasing complexity ("C1" to "C6", "A1" to "AS", and "P1" to "PS") where the complexity
(depth, familiarization) is expressed (following essentially B. Bloom and others) by a typical
verb as follows:
Cognitive dimension of learning objectives

C1 Knowledge describe, outline
C2 Comprehension explain
C3 Application apply, perform, operate
24
PART D: INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
C4 Analysis analyse
C5 Synthesis synthesize, construct, plan
C6 Evaluation assess
Affective dimension of learning objectives
A1 Receiving; noticing recognize
A2 Responding respond
A3 Valuing value
A4 Organization organize
A5 Value characterization accept, appreciate
Psycho-motoric dimension of learning objectives

P1 Imitation imitate
P2 Manipulation manipulate
P3 Precision move, mark
P4 Co-ordination co-ordinate (operations, menus)
P5 Naturalization automate, interiorate
1.2 Theory, demonstration and exercises

Theory lectures
As the safe use of ECOIS requires knowledge and understanding of the basic principles
governing ECOIS data and their presentation rules as well as potential errors in displayed
data and ECOIS-related limitations and potential dangers, a number of classroom lectures
covering the theoretical explanations must be provided.
As far as possible, such lessons should be presented within a familiar context and make
use of practical examples. They should be well illustrated with diagrams, photographs and
charts where appropriate and be related to matter learned or reinforced during simulator
exercises. The use of an overhead projector and the distribution of copies of the
transparencies as trainee handouts contribute to the learning process.
Demonstration
ECOIS equipment should be used by the instructor to illustrate the theoretical features and
to prepare the simulator exercises of the trainees.
Simulator exercises
For safe operation of ECOIS equipment and ECOIS-related information (use of the
navigational functions of ECOIS, selection and assessment of all relevant information,
becoming familiar with ECOIS man-machine interfacing), practical exercises and training
sessions on the ECOIS equipment or simulators constitute the main content of the course.
Exercises should be carried out on individual ECOIS equipment or full-mission navigation

simulators including ECOIS to enable trainees to acquire the necessary practical skills. For
real time navigation exercises, navigation simulators are recommended to cover the
complex navigation situation. The exercises should provide training in the use of the various
scales, navigational modes, and display modes which are available, such that the trainees
will be able to adapt the use of the equipment to the particular situation concerned.
1.3 Evaluation
The outcome of the ECOIS training course should be evaluated. Because the course
includes theoretical knowledge as well as practical skills and proper decision-making, the
method of evaluation and the criteria for evaluating competency (correctness of method;
correctness of outcome; duration; compliance; effectiveness; etc.) should take all of these
25
aspects into account. The learning objectives used in the detailed syllabus will provide a
sound basis for the construction of suitable tests for evaluating trainee progress. The
effectiveness of any evaluation depends upon the accuracy of the description of what is to
be measured.
Further guidance on method of evaluation, validity, reliability, subjective testing, objective

testing, distracters and guessing (if using multiple-choice tests) and scoring is provided in
the booklet entitled "Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses" and in the
Model Course 1.07 "Radar Navigation, Radar Plotting and Use of ARPA".
2 Preparation and conducting of simulator exercises

The following ideas are recommended for the production of exercises in the use of ECOIS.
2.1 Fictitious versus real sea area

Exercises should produce the greatest impression of realism. To achieve this, the scenarios
should be located in fictitious sea areas, not in real ones, for the following reasons:
• Situations, functions and actions for different learning objectives which occur in
different sea areas can be integrated into one exercise and experienced in real time.
• The exchange of scenarios and exercises between maritime educational institutions
is possible.
• ECOIS data are not yet available for many parts of the world.
2.2 Passage planning and passage monitoring

Unlike radar or ARPA which are used (only) to observe the current traffic and navigational
situation, ECOIS is used for both passage planning and passage monitoring. Consequently,
the trainees must be enabled to use the specific functions for passage planning and the
specific functions for monitoring the progress of these passages. It is recommended that
the course plan should contain two or three extended exercises which include the planning
and the real-time execution/monitoring of passages. These exercises may well require two
hours for the planning and additionally three hours for the execution/monitoring of the
voyage (see Timetable in Part 8(3)).
2.3 ECDIS workstation versus "full-mission simulator"

The choice of exercises and scenarios is governed by the simulator facilities available. If
one or more ECOIS workstations and a full-mission simulator are available, the
workstations may primarily be used
• for basic exercises in the use of ECOIS facilities and
• for passage planning exercises,
whereas "full-mission simulators" may primarily be used for exercises related to passage
monitoring functions in real time, as realistic as possible in connection with the total
workload of a navigational watch.
2.4 Specific types of sea area

If the simulator facilities are available, it is advisable to make use of three types of sea area
(characterizing increasing complexity and difficulty) for which typical characteristics and
attributes, navigational situations and requirements, navigational functions and operators'
actions can be identified:
26
• Offshore waters
• Coastal waters and approaches
• Restricted and confined waters (pilotage waters).
The requirements for a scenario can be derived from the navigational requirements
concerning a type of sea area.
2.5 Compilation of typical situations and actions

In order to design exercises, it is advisable to compile characteristic sets of data containing
learning objectives, situations and actions which the trainee has to perform. Examples of an
extended catalogue are given in Appendix 1 of the Instructor Manual. Further examples
should be taken from navigational practice and teaching experience. Also, the IEC
Publication 1174 ECDIS: Operational and Performance Requirements (Methods of Testing
and Required Test Results) may be of some assistance. Finally, for each of these sea
areas the appropriate components for the exercise may be selected and integrated to form
an exercise.
2.6 Monitoring of exercises

During exercises away from the ECDIS set, the instructor will be responsible for producing
"situations" or "disturbances" to which the trainees have to react, e.g.
• displace own ship's position by manipulating the position-fixing sensor input;
• create sensor failures, indications and alarms;
• create messages (NAVTEX) to the navigator;
• supply ECDIS updates;
• sail and control (a few) target ships (if radar overlay) etc.
At the ECDIS set, the instructor (or a second instructor, if available) is responsible for
• guiding the trainees in the use of the equipment (at first),
• monitoring the trainees at work without interrupting them in the use of the equipment.
His task will vary according to the trainees' abilities and competence.
The actions of the trainees should be closely monitored. The exercise should be recorded
and a summary for the purposes of debriefing should be made.
2.7 Debriefing
Debriefing of the exercises is essential. The time spent on debriefing should occupy
between 10% and 15% of the total time used for simulator exercises. The instructor should
refer to the summary made during the exercise to raise important points and to direct the
discussion among trainees. The following facilities may be used in debriefing:
• playback to record the whole exercise (any sequence should be available for
discussion);
• plotters to record the track of own ship (and potentially other ships);
• logging equipment to provide a printout of "own ship's" manoeuvres.
27
3 Lesson plans
The instructor should draw up lesson plans for the individual lessons based on the course
objectives and the detailed syllabus, taking account of any necessary revision of course
content to suit the trainee intake. An example of a lesson plan (120 minutes) is shown in
this instructor manual. The lesson plans may simply consist of the detailed syllabus with
keywords or other reminders added to assist the instructor in making his presentation of the
material. The lesson plans may contain specific references to the teaching method, IMO
references, bibliography, textbooks and other teaching material proposed for use in the
course, instructor guidelines and time (in minutes) allocated to a specific learning objective.
4 Guidance on specific subject areas

This paragraph contains guidance to the instructor, particularly on the coverage of the
EGOIS subject areas listed in the course outline and the detailed teaching syllabus. The
scope and depth of the subject areas are reflected; essentials are pointed out.
Many of the subjects contain objectives which are relevant to different exercises at different
levels. Their inclusion in any exercise can reinforce the learning process. The instructor
should develop a methodology based on his own experience, but at the same time he
should remember that the IMO references indicate the required training under each
heading.
4.1 Legal aspects and requirements 0.5 hours

The main objective of this section is to ensure that the trainee understands his
responsibilities in the use of EGOIS. The instructor should particularly point out the trainee's
responsibilities
• for using EGOIS systems as an equivalent alternative to paper charts only if the
EGOIS systems are based on official ENGs and if they fulfil the performance
standards for EGOIS and
• for proper data procurement and updating, Le. that actual data are always at hand.
The trainee should have knowledge of the carriage requirements for "charts" which may be
either paper charts or an EGOIS (including a back-up system if the chart is an EGOIS)
according to SOLAS chapter V.
Moreover, the instructor should provide an appreciation of the minimum performance

standards of EGOIS which are laid down in the "IMO Performance Standards for EGOIS".
The trainee should have knowledge of the minimum standards for functions, data and data
presentation as well as the reliability of EGO IS. He should not expect a better performance
than that specified in these, but not an inferior performance either. The instructor should
provide the original text as a reference.
4.2 Principal types of electronic chart 0.75 hours

The subject has two aims. Firstly, it should make the trainee aware of common principles,
similarities and differences regarding the facilities and MMls of different EGOIS systems. If
the trainee has got some knowledge of EGOIS systems alternative to those with which he
became familiar during the training course, he might find it easier to transfer his knowledge
from one system to another.
28
Secondly, although this course is dedicated to ECOIS, the trainee should also acquire an
overview of other principal non-ECOIS types of electronic chart called Electronic Chart
Systems ("ECS"). He should know the limitations and drawbacks of non-ECOIS systems
and of raster chart display systems (RCOS) compared with charts based on vector and
object-oriented data.
The instructor should use visual aids to demonstrate different systems.
4.3 ECDIS data 2.5 hours

The instructor should provide an appreciation that ECOIS data are the core element of
ECOIS and that only official ENC data are to be used. The trainee should also acquire
knowledge of the relationship between ECOIS data and the information presented on the
display. He should realize that the display is a portrait of ECOIS data and should be made
aware that only information stored as objects with corresponding attributes in the database
is available for display.
The instructor should demonstrate how to handle ECOIS data on board, Le. how to load
and store data (e.g. by calling up directories of available chart data and by importing chart
data) and how to enter updates manually in the database. The trainees should reinforce
their capabilities by exercises of their own.
The instructor should create a sensitivity for the need for reliable data and he should
convey knowledge of the factors which have an impact on reliability (completeness,
accuracy, updatedness, reference systems, etc.) such that the trainee is able to assess
displayed ECOIS data.
Furthermore, the instructor should report about the methods and responsibilities concerning
ECOIS data creation and distribution.
4.4 Presentation of ECDIS data 2.0 hours

The main objective of this section is to enable the trainee to understand, to modify and to
optimize the ECOIS display. The automatic display of the ship's position and track is only
safe and valuable in the appropriate chart display. In most situations, the display of all (!)
available ENC information would cause information overflow and "clutter". Instead, it would
be ideal to restrict the display of data to all relevant (!) information only. In any case, the
selection of information for display is essential. ECOIS provides automatic presentation
rules to assist the mariner in this selection process. It is important for the trainee to know
which impact the automatic presentation rules have on the presentation. The instructor
should explain the principles.
Symbols
Concerning colours and symbols which differ considerably from those in paper charts, the
instructor should ensure that the trainees are familiar with their meaning and that they are
able to pick up more detailed information related to the objects which are indicated by the
symbols.
Contents
The trainee should know that the contents displayed depend on the display category, the
range scale, the day/night situation etc.
30
(a) If he is familiar with the three different ECDIS display categories "Display Base",
"Standard Display" and "All Other Information" (R1 - Ap. 2), he can select the
category he needs and he will understand that certain information is not displayed in
a certain mode although, of course, the information exists in the database.
(b) A change of range scale may have a similar effect on the display: if the range scale
is decreased, some information (buoys, depth contours, etc.) will automatically
disappear.
(c) A switch-over from day to night presentation or vice versa makes navigation lights
appear or disappear respectively.
Ergonomics
Concerning ergonomics, the instructor should use different light conditions in the exercises
such that the trainees become familiar with the changed colours displayed in the day and
night presentations.
All in all, the instructor should ensure that the trainees get experience in modifying the chart
presentation. He should ensure that the trainees observe the automatic presentation rules
within the exercises, e.g. by enforcing switch-over between different display categories,
range scales and light conditions.
4.5 Sensors 1.5 hours

One of the major advantages of ECDIS is the automatic and real-time presentation of own
ship's position, course and speed in the chart. The officer will tend to "believe what he
sees". It is extremely important that the trainee has profound knowledge of the performance
and limits of all sensors involved in ECDIS (position, depth, course, and speed; even radar).
Safe navigation is only possible if the navigator is always conscious of the quality of sensor
input and conscious of the accuracy and reliability of "what he sees". Otherwise, if a sensor
input is erroneous, the safety of the ship may easily be in danger.
The following particular arguments have to be thoroughly explained by the instructor and
should be included in the exercises:
• The positional accuracy can be expressed in probability terms only. "The accuracy is
100 m (95%)" means that in 5% of all cases the accuracy is worse than 100 m.
• The quality wavers when the primary sensor fails, e.g. after an (automatic) switch-
over from DGPS to GPS the accuracy is 100 m instead of 10m.
• The reliance on pre-set values for "safety depth contours" is dangerous if the sensor
input for depth is inaccurate.
• In the automatic track control mode, the observed position is always (!) displayed on
the pre-planned track, even if the off-track error is significantly large (see Appendix
2).
• Calculated values, such as ETA at the next waypoint or wheel-over point, depend on
the accuracy of sensors.
• The displayed information must be unambiguous. For example, the vector type "over
ground" or "through the water" depends on the type of speed and course input.
• A second position-fixing system (Loran-C; radar; dead reckoning) should always be
used for position monitoring.
31
The instructor should create the awareness that the use of EGOIS without accurate and
reliable sensor input is not responsible. He might use the performance standards for the
navigation sensors concerned to explain their limits (see the references in Part A). In the
exercises, the failure of primary sensors should be simulated repeatedly.
4.6 Basic navigational functions and settings 2.75 hours

The instructor might use the subject "Basic navigational functions and settings" as the
initialization and familiarization unit. The trainee should become familiar with the operation
of an EGOIS set, particularly with
• the basic navigational functions and
• the MMI.
In addition, this section contains all those general learning objectives which are not specific
to passage planning (EGO IS subject 7) and passage monitoring (EGOIS subject 8), but
form the basis for these.
The trainee should be enabled to obtain information from the EGOIS display, in particular
• how to find and identify in a short time the information displayed by the main
automatic functions, such as the ship's position, course and speed, range scale etc.;
• how to operate and co-ordinate all manual functions quickly and safely, e.g. using
cursor, electronic bearing line, etc., in order to avoid unnecessary delays in critical
situations;
• how to switch between different modes.
It is suggested that the operator, in a first step, should demonstrate the different functions to
the trainees and that the trainees themselves should perform exercises to acquire
confidence in operating an EGOIS set.
4.7 Specific functions for route planning 7.5 hours

In this section, the trainees should learn route planning using EGOIS-specific functions. The
instructor might demonstrate the functions for a fictitious route from pier to pier, whereas
the trainees should plan routes for their own exercises which they will execute and monitor
themselves in real time (EGO IS subject 8). The larger part of this section involves exercises
on the workstation.
In the exercises, the trainee should plan routes by:

• appraising all relevant information (from EGOIS and other aids);
• the input of waypoints (using the cursor in the chart or by alphanumeric editing);
• combining the waypoints to form legs of a continuous track;
• smoothing and refining the (curved) track by the input of radii of turn, wheel-over
points, etc.;
• specifying and noting all planning details;
• selecting the safety values ("Safety Oepth" and "Safety Contour") on the basis of the
ship's dimensions and manoeuvrability;
• taking notice of and reacting to indications and alarms concerning route planning;
• checking the track and assessing the safety of the track (with regard to the ship's
safety).
32
The trainee should identify all potential risks of the route and modify the route appropriately.
The exercises should be such that frequent changing of the selected sea area, scale, etc. is
necessary during the planning phase. The instructor might require that an alternative route
("fall-back route") is prepared based on certain circumstances during the execution and
monitoring of the route (EGOIS subject 8).
It is suggested that the course should contain three comprehensive route planning and
monitoring lessons with increasing complexity (open sea, coastal, pilotage). At the
beginning, the training should start with simple exercises in fairly easy conditions as
described in the scenario for "open sea" (Part 82 of this manual). The workload should be
increased as the trainees exhibit greater skill. This is realized in the timetable (Part 8(2»
and the recommendations for the preparation of exercises (Part 02 of this manual).
9.5 hours
4.8 Specific functions for route monitoring
The intention of this section is that the trainees will execute and monitor planned routes in
order to become familiar with the basic EGOIS functions for route monitoring. For this
purpose, they should select and load a planned route (EGOIS subject 7). The route
monitoring should take place in real time, preferably using a full-mission navigation
simulator.
The monitoring session will be effective if the trainees have to cope with different situations
in order to enforce flexible and variable use of EGOIS functions. This applies both for
standard functions such as change of scale, displayed ENG data, vector time, etc. and for
specific monitoring functions such as look-ahead function, radar overlay, alarms, etc.
Oepending on the progress of the exercise, the instructor may allow the trainees to proceed
along the planned route, mostly in standard situations, or he may intervene by simulating
intended emergency or other spontaneous situations etc. to force the trainees to react to a
change in the plan. The instructor might even require that an alternative route ("fall-back
route") is executed based on certain circumstances.
The assessment and handling of safety alarms related to route monitoring (including the
pre-setting of limiting values) and appropriate decision-making if an alarm is given are of
particular importance for the proper use of EGOIS.
Moreover,
• errors in displayed data,
• errors of interpretation,
• over-reliance on EGOIS
which are closely related to route monitoring (but are described in separate sections) may
play an extremely important role. The instructor might provoke a situation in which these
dangers occur during the exercises.
As in the case of passage planning, it is suggested that the course should contain three
comprehensive real-time route monitoring lessons with increasing complexity (open sea,
coastal, pilotage).
33
4.9 Updating 2.0 hours

The trainee should know which kinds of update exist and how the ship can receive these
updates. He should update the ship's ENC and be thoroughly aware of the importance and
his responsibilities concerning updating because updating is one of the most essential
subjects of ECOIS.
The instructor might demonstrate on a workstation how to handle updates on board, e.g.
• the manual and semi-automatic procedures,
• the marking of added, removed or altered items,
• the display of current updates,
• etc.
The need for updated data should be illustrated in the scenarios for passage planning and
passage monitoring where non-updated data are employed to create critical situations and
the trainees have to perform updating ad hoc.
4.10 Display and function of other navigational information 1.75 hours

It can be assumed that ECOIS will be used in combination with other navigational
equipment or that ECOIS is part of an integrated navigation system. Particularly, radar
superimposition and automatic track control using ECOIS as the MMI are very effective.
Therefore, it is important for the trainee to understand both the advantages and the
particular features in order to avoid any risks.
Radar overlay
The following items might occur:
• a difference in the matching of the two displays as a whole (which may be due to an
error in the primary position-fixing system);
• a displacement of individual objects (which may be due to a displacement of a buoy);
• a mis-match of vectors (over ground versus through the water).
Automatic track control

The trainees must be well aware of the fact that the currently existing ship symbol is always
(!) displayed on the pre-planned track whatever the positional error may be. The observed
position (the "fix") is automatically controlled, not the real ship.
AIS ("transponders"
Concerning ship-to-ship communication including the transmission of the ships' positions,
an incorrect position, e.g. due to a GPS receiver failure on one ship, is displayed on the
ECOIS (or radar) display of another ship.
The instructor should demonstrate all of these items and incorporate them into the
exercises.
4.11 Errors in displayed data 1.5 hours

The potential errors on ECOIS displays can be divided into three groups:
(a) errors in the ECOIS data and display (e.g. inaccurate hydrographic data);
(b) errors introduced by sensor input (particularly own ship's position);
(c) errors due to different reference systems.
34
The trainee should acquire a critical attitude in order to minimize these errors by profound
theoretical background knowledge and, of course, by experience. An explanation can be
given in lectures. The effects of the most important of these errors should be demonstrated
on the workstation and should appear in the simulator exercises.
1.5 hours
4.12 Errors of interpretation
The trainee should be made aware of errors that are not inherent in the EGOIS system or in
its connected units, but result from misunderstanding, inexperience or careless observation
by the operator ("human error").
The most typical errors of interpretation result from:

(a) ignoring overscale of the display;
(b) uncritical acceptance of own ship's position by neglecting the 95% probability of the
accuracy;
(c) ignoring the fact that, in automatic track control mode, the observed position is
controlled, not the real ship;
(d) a difference between true north and gyro north (radar);
(e) confusion of display mode, scale, reference systems, etc.;
(f) confusion of different types of vector stabilization.
The trainee can learn how to avoid these errors by profound theoretical background
knowledge and, of course, by experience. An explanation can be given in lectures. The
effects of the most important of these errors should be demonstrated on the workstation
and should appear in the simulator exercises.
4.13 Status indications, indicators and alarms 1.5 hours

The importance of alarm handling when using EGOIS for route planning and route
monitoring has already been stressed in Sections 4.7 and 4.8. Because of the high degree
of automation in an EGOIS display, the awareness needed to realize, assess and react
properly to indicators and particularly to alarms is vital.
The different kinds of alarms and indicators of EGOIS can be divided into three groups:
• nautical alarms which may appear during route planning (e.g. the planned route is
crossing a safety contour) or during route monitoring (e.g. the ship will cross a safety
contour);
• sensor alarms and indicators in the case of a failure or breakdown of a sensor (e.g.
position fixing receiver failure during passage monitoring);
• data and chart alarms resulting from a changed geodetic datum or overscale setting.
Appendix 5 of the performance standards for EGOIS contains a list of EGOIS "Alarms and
indicators". The instructor should give proper weight to this subject in order to enable the
trainees to learn how the alarm settings and alarm levels are applied and what the meaning
and importance of the individual indications and alarms are.
An explanation can be given in lectures and demonstrations, but a more efficient approach
would be the use of "alarm situations" during simulator exercises.
35
4.14 Documentation 0.5 hours

The performance standards for EGOIS require "voyage recording", Le. a feature to store
and reproduce certain elements to reconstruct the navigation (own ship's past track) and to
verify the official database used (ENG source, edition, date, cell and update history). The
recorded information cannot be manipulated.
The instructor should demonstrate the reproduction of the navigation and the verification of
the database used on an EGOIS set. He should create awareness that "voyage recording"
is a tool for checking whether or not navigation has been properly and responsibly
performed.
4.15 Integrity monitoring 1.25 hours

The different methods of testing an ECOIS set for malfunctions should be explained. To
monitor for correct working, the system may incorporate
• self-diagnostic test routines to monitor for correct operation of hardware, operating
system and EGOIS kernel during booting and normal operation;
• diagnostic routines which may be executed at the request of the operator, e.g.
manual tests of hardware, MMI and sensor data as well as visual tests of chart data.
The trainees should be made familiar with these procedures and should practise the tests
themselves.
Ouring the exercises, the trainees should also check data accuracy and integrity, e.g. by
• comparing radar and EGOIS objects;
• comparing different sensors;
• checking all status indications.
4.16 Back-up 1.5 hours

The back-up system will have a major impact on the ship's safety in the case of an EGOIS
blackout. It is very important that the trainee is able to achieve a safe and fast takeover of
the EGOIS system by the back-up system including
• takeover of all relevant passage planning data from EGOIS and
• takeover of all updates.
Therefore, the trainee must be familiar with the takeover procedures, and the back-up
device must work properly. It is also very important that the trainees navigate as safely as
possible using the back-up system and its reduced functional capabilities.
The instructor should demonstrate both a takeover of the back-up system and the
procedures for checking the functioning of the back-up device.
Ouring the exercises, an EGOIS breakdown should be simulated and the trainees should
perform the takeover and navigate using the back-up system and its reduced functional
capabilities.
4.17 Risk of over-reliance on ECDIS 1.5 hours

The instructor should emphasize that EGOIS is only a navigational tool which helps to
perform the navigational functions and that its limitations, including those of its sensors,
make over-reliance on it dangerous.
36
Emphasis must be placed on the need to keep a proper look-out and to perform periodical
checking, especially of the ship's position, by EGO IS-independent methods. With or without
the use of EGOIS, all navigational activities have to comply with the basic principles and
operational guidance for officers in charge of a navigational watch (STGW; SOLAS).
The instructor should give and demonstrate examples of the effects of over-reliance on
EGOIS. The simulator exercises should contain such examples, too.
37
PART D: APPENDIX TO INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Appendix 1:
Examples of situations and actions for the development of scenarios
Learning
Sea area Situation Action
objective
Oata structure and Coastal waters NAVTEX message: Check for relevance
data base and "Buoy displaced" Apply specific note in the
approaches, ECOIS display
offshore
waters
Route planning Coastal waters Planning or Create the route:
and changing a route - selection of waypoints
approaches, - curved track input
confined - check safety contours
waters
Selection of chart Coastal waters Emergency Change of display category
data and anchoring Check control bearings
approaches
Automatic Coastal waters Buoy not displayed Avoid overscale
presentation rules and Change scale
approaches
... ... ... ...
Sensor reference Coastal waters Shift of own ship's Check position by other
system and position means
approaches, Adjust position
confined
waters
Route monitoring Coastal waters Off-track error Look-ahead function
and Check safety contours
approaches, Course change
confined
waters
... ... ... ...
ECOIS back-up Offshore ECOIS breakdown Takeover of back-up system
waters, coastal including
waters and - Route planning etc
approaches,
confined
waters
Errors of displayed Coastal waters Gaps in ECOIS Use of echo-sounder
data and display due to
approaches, different data
confined sources
waters
... ... ... ...
38
PART D: APPENDIX TO INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Appendix 2:
Example of "Errors of interpretation"
Scenario for a potential stranding

It is one of the most outstanding advantages of ECOIS that own ship's actual position is
automatically displayed in real time on the chart. Thus, the officer of the watch can easily
check whether the symbol for the actual position of the ship follows the pre-planned track.
A serious problem arises if automatic track control is applied - in spite of (or rather because
of) the availability and combination of GPS, ECOIS and automatic track control. It is the
purpose of a track control system to guide a vessel from point A to point B. Ouring this
process, the ship's position is continuously measured by an electronic position-fixing
system (EPFS) such as GPS and transferred to the track control system.
Figure 1 contains a chart showing the ship at the correct (I) position A. It may be assumed
that, for the time being, the GPS receiver determines a position which is 100 m south of the
true position of the ship.
The track control system is going to control the ship in such a way that the measured (!)
GPS position and not the real ship (!) follows the pre-planned track AB. Consequently, the
ship is removed from her correct position and from her pre-planned track and shifted to a
track which is parallel to the pre-planned track at a distance of 100 m to the north (over the
shallow waters).
In essence, own ship's symbol will always (!) and under all circumstances (irrespective of
the magnitude of the error of the EPFS) be displayed on the pre-planned track of an ECOIS
in the automatic track control mode. This effect gives a completely false impression of
safety .
39
Annex
Assembly resolution A.817(19)

Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS)
Resolution MSC.64(67) annex 5

Amendment to resolution A.817(19) - Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and
Information Systems (ECDIS)
Resolution MSC.86(70) annex 4

Amendments to the recommendation on performance standards for electronic chart display and
information systems (ECDISs) (resolution A.817(19»
RESOLUTION A.817(19)
adopted on 23 November 1995
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS)
THE ASSEMBLY,
RECALLING Article 150) ofthe Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the
functions of the Assembly in relation to regulations and guidelines concerning maritime safety,
RECALLING ALSO regulation V/20 of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS), 1974, which requires all ships to carry adequate and up-to-date charts, sailing directions, lists of
lights, notices to mariners, tide tables and all other nautical publications necessary for the intended
voyage,
NOTING that the up-to-date charts required by SOLAS regulation V/20 can be provided and displayed
electronically on board ships by electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS), and that the
other nautical publications required by regulation V/20 may also be so provided and displayed,
RECOGNIZING the need to prepare performance standards for ECDIS in order to ensure the operational
reliability of such equipment, and to ensure that the information provided and displayed electronically is at
least equivalent to that of up-to-date charts and, when also provided and displayed, other nautical
publications, and to avoid, as far as practicable, adverse interaction between ECDIS and other shipborne
navigational and communication equipment,
NOTING FURTHER that the International Hydrographic Organization (IRO) has, in co-operation with
IMO, developed complementary recommendations on electronic navigational charts, thereby standardizing
the database and the content, structure and format of the information provided and displayed,
HAVING CONSIDERED the recommendation made by the Maritime Safety Committee at its sixty-third
session,
1. ADOPTS the Recommendation on Performance Standards for Electronic Chart Display and
Information Systems (ECDIS) set out in the annex to the present resolution;
RECOMMENDS Governments to ensure that ECDIS used on ships entitled to fly their flag
2.
conform to performance standards not inferior to those set out in the annex to the present resolution;
REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to keep these Performance Standards under review
3.
and to adopt amendments thereto, as necessary;
4. ALSO REQUESTS the Maritime Safety Committee to ensure that any proposed amendments to
this resolution are agreed with IRO prior to adoption.
3
Resolution A.817(19)
ANNEX
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS)
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The primary function of the ECDIS is to contribute to safe navigation.
1.2 ECDIS, with adequate back-up arrangements, may be accepted as complying with the up-to-date
charts required by regulation V/20 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.
1.3 In addition to the general requirements for shipbome radio equipment forming part ofthe global
maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS) and the requirements for electronic navigational aids
contained in IMO resolution A.694(17), * ECDIS should meet the requirements of this performance
standard.
1.4 ECDIS should be capable of displaying all chart information necessary for safe and efficient
navigation originated by, and distributed on the authority of, government-authorized hydrographic offices.
1.5 ECDIS should facilitate simple and reliable updating of the electronic navigational chart.
1.6 Use of ECDIS should reduce the navigational workload as compared to use of a paper chart. It
should enable the mariner to execute in a convenient and timely manner all route planning, route
monitoring and positioning currently performed on paper charts. It should be capable of continuously
plotting the ship's position.
1.7 ECDIS should have at least the same reliability and availability of presentation as the paper chart
published by government-authorized hydrographic offices.
1.8 ECDIS should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the information displayed
or malfunction of the equipment (see appendix 5).
2 DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of these performance standards:
2.1 Electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) means a navigation information system
which, with adequate back-up arrangements, can be accepted as complying with the up-to-date chart
required by regulation V/20 ofthe 1974 SOLAS Convention, by displaying selected information from a
system electronic navigational chart (SENe) with positional information from navigation sensors to assist
the mariner in route planning and route monitoring, and by displaying additional navigation-related
information if required.
2.2 Electronic navigational chart (ENC) means the database, standardized as to content, structure and
format, issued for use with ECDIS on the authority of government-authorized hydrographic offices. The
ENC contains all the chart information necessary for safe navigation, and may contain supplementary
information in addition to that contained in the paper chart (e.g. sailing directions) which may be
considered necessary for safe navigation.
2.3 System electronic navigational chart (SENC) means a database resulting from the transformation
of the ENC by ECDIS for appropriate use, updates to the ENC by appropriate means, and other data
added by the mariner. It is this database that is actually accessed by ECDIS for the display generation and
* IEC Publication 945 (see appendix 1).
4
other navigational functions, and is the equivalent to an up-to-date paper chart. The SENC may also
contain information from other sources.
2.4 Standard display means the SENC information that should be shown when a chart is ftrst
displayed on ECDIS. The level ofthe information it provides for route planning or route monitoring may
be modifted by the mariner according to the mariner's needs.
2.5 Display base means the level of SENC information which cannot be removed from the display,
consisting of information which is required at all times in all geographical areas and all circumstances. It
is not intended to be sufftcient for safe navigation.
2.6 Further information on ECDIS defmitions may be found in IRa Special Publication S-52,
Appendix 3 (see appendix 1).
3 DISPLAY OF SENC INFORMATION

3.1 ECDIS should be capable of displaying all SENC information.
3.2 SENC information available for display during route planning and route monitoring should be
subdivided into three categories, display base, standard display, and all other information (see appendix
2).
3.3 ECDIS should present the standard display at any time by a single operator action.
3.4 When a chart is ftrst displayed on ECDIS, it should provide the standard display at the largest
scale available in the SENC for the displayed area.
3.5 It should be easy to add or remove information from the ECDIS display. It should not be possible
to remove information contained in the display base.
3.6 It should be possible for the mariner to select a safety contour from the depth contours provided
by the SENC. ECDIS should give the safety contour more emphasis than other contours on the display.
3.7 It should be possible for the mariner to select a safety depth. ECDIS should emphasize soundings
equal to or less than the safety depth whenever spot soundings are selected for display.
3.8 The ENC and all updates to it should be displayed without any degradation of their information
content.
3.9 ECDIS should provide a means of ensuring that the ENC and all updates to it have been correctly
loaded into the SENC.
3.10 The ENC data and updates to it should be clearly distinguishable from other displayed
information, such as, for example, that listed in appendix 3.
4 PROVISION AND UPDATING* OF CHART INFORMATION

4.1 The chart information to be used in ECDIS should be the latest edition of information originated
by a government-authorized hydrographic office, and conform to IRa standards.
4.2 The contents of the SENC should be adequate and up-to-date for the intended voyage, as required
by regulation V/20 of the 1974 SaLAS Convention.
4.3 It should not be possible to alter the contents of the ENC.
• Appendix 1 to IRO Special Publication S-52 (see appendix 1).

5
4.4 Updates should be stored separately from the ENC.
4.5 ECDIS should be capable of accepting official updates to the ENC data provided in conformity
with IHO standards. These updates should be automatically applied to the SENC. By whatever means
updates are received, the implementation procedure should not interfere with the display in use.
4.6 ECDIS should also be capable of accepting updates to the ENC data entered manually with simple
means for verification prior to the final acceptance of the data. They should be distinguishable on the
display from ENC information and its official updates, and not affect display legibility.
4.7 ECDIS should keep a record of updates, including time of application to the SENC.
4.8 ECDIS should allow the mariner to display updates so that the mariner may review their contents
and ascertain that they have been included in the SENC.
5 SCALE
ECDIS should provide an indication of whether:
.1 the information is displayed at a larger scale than that contained in the ENC; or
.2 own ship's position is covered by an ENC at a larger scale than that provided by the
display.
6 DISPLAY OF OTHER NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION

6.1 Radar information or other navigational information may be added to the ECDIS display.
However, it should not degrade the SENC information, and should be clearly distinguishable from the
SENC information.
6.2 ECDIS and added navigational information should use a common reference system. If this is not
the case, an indication should be provided.
6.3 Radar
6.3.1 Transferred radar information may contain both the radar image and ARPA information.
6.3.2 Ifthe radar image is added to the ECDIS display, the chart and the radar image should match in
scale and in orientation.
6.3.3 The radar image and the position from the position sensor should both be adjusted automatically
for antenna offset from the conning position.
6.3.4 It should be possible to adjust the displayed position of the ship manually so that the radar image
matches the SENC display.
6.3.5 It should be possible to remove the radar information by single operator action.
7 DISPLAY MODE AND GENERATION OF THE NEIGHBOURING AREA

7.1 It should always be possible to display the SENC in a "north-up" orientation. Other orientations
are permitted.
7.2 ECDIS should provide for true-motion mode. Other modes are permitted.
7.3 When true-motion mode is in use, reset and generation of the neighbouring area should take place
automatically at a distance from the border of the display determined by the mariner.
6
7.4 It should be possible manually to change the chart area and the position of own ship relative to the
edge of the display.
8 COLOURS AND SYMBOLS

8.1 mo recommended colours and symbols should be used to represent SENC information. *
8.2 The colours and symbols other than those mentioned in 8.1 should be those used to describe the
navigational elements and parameters listed in appendix 3 and published by IEC. t
8.3 SENC information, when displayed at the scale specified in the ENC, should use the specified size
of symbols, figures and letters. * t
8.4 ECDIS should allow the mariner to select whether own ship is displayed in true scale or as a
symbol.
9 DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS
9.1 ECDIS should be capable of displaying information for:
.1 route planning and supplementary navigation tasks;
.2 route monitoring .
9.2 The effective size of the chart presentation for route monitoring should be at least 270 mm by
270 mm.
9.3 The display should be capable of complying with the colour and resolution recommendations of
mo*.
9.4 The method of presentation should ensure that the displayed information is clearly visible to more
than one observer in the conditions oflight normally experienced on the bridge of the ship by day and by
night.
10 ROUTE PLANNING, MONITORING AND VOYAGE RECORDING

10.1 It should be possible to carry out route planning and route monitoring in a simple and reliable
manner.
10.2 ECDIS should be designed following ergonomic principles for user-friendly operation.
10.3 The largest scale data available in the SENC for the area given should always be used by the
ECDIS for all alarms or indications of crossing the ship's safety contour and of entering a prohibited area,
and for alarms and indications according to appendix 5.
10.4 Route planning

10.4.1 It should be possible to carry out route planning including both straight and curved segments.
10.4.2 It should be possible to adjust a planned route by, for example:

.1 adding waypoints to a route;
.2 deleting waypoints from a route;
.3 changing the position of a waypoint;
.4 changing the order of the waypoints in the route .
•••Appendix 2 to IHO Special Publication S-52 (see appendix 1).

t IEC Publication 1174.
7
10.4.3 It should be possible to plan an alternative route in addition to the selected route. The selected
route should be clearly distinguishable from the other routes.
10.4.4 An indication is required if the mariner plans a route across an own ship's safety contour.
10.4.5 An indication is required if the mariner plans a route across the boundary of a prohibited area or of
a geographical area for which special conditions exist (see appendix 4).
10.4.6 It should be possible for the mariner to specify a limit of deviation from the planned route at
which activation of an automatic off-track alarm should occur.
10.5 Route monitoring

10.5.1 For route monitoring the selected route and own ship's position should appear whenever the
display covers that area.
10.5.2 It should be possible to display a sea area that does not have the ship on the display (e.g., for look
ahead, route planning), while route monitoring. If this is done on the display used for route monitoring,
the automatic route monitoring functions (e.g., updating ship's position, and providing alarms and
indications) should be continuous. It should be possible to return to the route monitoring display covering
own ship's position immediately by single operator action.
10.5.3 ECDIS should give an alarm if the ship, within a specified time set by the mariner, is going to
cross the safety contour.
10.5.4 ECDIS should give an alarm or indication, as selected by the mariner, if the ship, within a
specified time set by the mariner, is going to cross the boundary of a prohibited area or of a geographical
area for which special conditions exist (see appendix 4).
10.5.5 An alarm should be given when the specified limit for deviation from the planned route is
exceeded.
10.5.6 The ship's position should be derived from a continuous positioning system of an accuracy
consistent with the requirements of safe navigation. Whenever possible, a second independent positioning
method of a different type should be provided; ECDIS should be capable of identifying discrepancies
between the two systems.
10.5.7 ECDIS should provide an indication when the input from the position-fixing system is lost.
ECDIS should also repeat, but only as an indication, any alarm or indication passed to it from a position-
fixing system.
10.5.8 An alarm should be given by ECDIS if the ship, within a specified time or distance set by the
mariner, is going to reach a critical point on the planned route.
10.5.9 The positioning system and the SENC should be on the same geodetic datum. ECDIS should give
an alarm if this is not the case.
10.5.10 It should be possible to display an alternative route in addition to the selected route. The selected
route should be clearly distinguishable from the other routes. During the voyage, it should be possible for
the mariner to modify the selected sailing route or change to an alternative route.
10.5.11 It should be possible to display:

.1 time-labels along ship's track, manually on demand and automatically at intervals selected
between 1 and 120 m; and
8
.2 an adequate number of: points, free movable electronic bearing lines, variable and ftxed-
range markers and other symbols required for navigation purposes and specifted in
appendix 3.
10.5.12 It should be possible to enter the geographical co-ordinates of any position and then display that
position on demand. It should also be possible to select any point (features, symbol or position) on the
display and to read its geographical co-ordinates on demand.
10.5.13 It should be possible to adjust the ship's geographical position manually. This manual adjustment
should be noted alphanumerically on the screen, maintained until altered by the mariner, and automatically
recorded.
10.6 Voyage recording

10.6.1 ECDIS should store and be able to reproduce certain minimum elements required to reconstruct
the navigation and verify the official database used during the previous 12 hours. The following data
should be recorded at one-minute intervals:
.1 to ensure a record of own ship's past track: time, position, heading, and speed; and
.2 to ensure a record of official data used: ENC source, edition, date, cell and update history .
10.6.2 In addition, ECDIS should record the complete track for the entire voyage, with time marks at
intervals not exceeding 4 hours.
10.6.3 It should not be possible to manipulate or change the recorded information.
10.6.4 ECDIS should have the capability to preserve the record of the previous 12 hours and of the
voyage track.
11 ACCURACY
11.1 The accuracy of all calculations performed by ECDIS should be independent of the characteristics
ofthe output device and should be consistent with the SENC accuracy.
11.2 Bearings and distances drawn on the display, or those measured between features already drawn
on the display, should have an accuracy no less than that afforded by the resolution of the display.
12 CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER EQUIPMENT*

12.1 ECDIS should not degrade the performance of any equipment providing sensor inputs. Nor should
the connection of optional equipment degrade the performance of ECDIS below this standard.
12.2 ECDIS should be connected to systems providing continuous position-ftxing, heading and speed
information.
13 PERFORMANCE TESTS, MALFUNCTION ALARMS AND INDICATIONS

13.1 ECDIS should be provided with means for carrying out on-board tests of major functions either
automatically or manually. In case of a failure, the test should display information to indicate which
module is at fault.
13.2 ECDIS should provide a suitable alarm or indication of system malfunction .
.•.mc Publication 1162.

9
14 BACK-UP ARRANGEMENTS
Adequate back-up arrangements should be provided to ensure safe navigation in case of an ECDIS failure.
.1 Facilities enabling a safe take-over of the ECDIS functions should be provided in order to
ensure that an ECDIS failure does not result in a critical situation .
.2 A back-up arrangement should be provided facilitating means for safe navigation ofthe
remaining part of the voyage in case of an ECDIS failure.
15 POWER SUPPLY
15.1 It should be possible to operate ECDIS and all equipment necessary for its normal functioning
when supplied by an emergency source of electrical power in accordance with the appropriate
requirements of chapter II-I of the 1974 SOLAS Convention.
15.2 Changing from one source of power supply to another, or any interruption of the supply for a
period of up to 45 s, should not require the equipment to be re-initialized manually.
10
APPENDIX 1
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
The following international organizations have developed technical standards and specifications, as listed
below, for use in conjunction with this standard. The latest edition ofthese documents should be obtained
from the organization concerned.
INTERNATIONAL HYDROGRAPHIC ORGANIZATION
Address: Directing Committee

International Hydrographic Bureau
BP 445
MC 98011 Monaco CEDEX Phone: + 3393506587
Principality of Monaco Fax: + 3393252003
Publications
Special Publication No.S-52 "Provisional Specifications for Chart Content and Display ofECDIS", 2nd
Edition, September 1992
S-52 Appendix 1 "Report of the IHO (COE) Working Group on Updating the Electronic Chart", 1st
Edition, June 1990
S-52 Appendix 2 "Provisional Colour and Symbol Specifications for ECDIS", 1st Edition, February 1991
S-52 Appendix 3 "Glossary of ECDIS-related Terms", 1st Edition, July 1991
Special Publication No.S-57 "IHO Transfer Standard for Digital Hydrographic Data"
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION (lEe)
Address: IEC Central Office

3 me de Varembe
PO Box 131
CH-1211 Geneva 20 Phone: + 41227340150
Switzerland Fax: + 41 22 733 3843
Publications
IEC Publication 1174 "Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS)"
IEC Publication 945 "General Requirements for Shipborne Radio Equipment Forming Part of the Global
Maritime Distress and Safety System and Marine Navigational Equipment"
IEC Publication 1162 "Digital Interfaces - Navigation and Radiocommunication Equipment On Board
Ship"
11
APPENDIX 2
SENC INFORMATION AVAILABLE FOR DISPLAY DURING

ROUTE PLANNING AND ROUTE MONITORING
1 Display base, pennanent1y retained on the ECDIS display, consisting of:

.1 coastline (high water);
.2 own ship's safety contour, to be selected by the mariner;
.3 indication of isolated underwater dangers at depths of less than the safety contour which
lie within the safe waters defined by the safety contour;
.4 indication of isolated dangers which lie within the safe water defined by the safety
contour such as bridges, overhead wires, etc., including buoys and beacons, whether or
not these are being used as aids to navigation;
.5 traffic routeing systems;
.6 scale, range, orientation and display mode;
.7 units of depth and height.
2 Standard display, to be displayed when the chart is first displayed by ECDIS, consisting of:
.1 display base
.2 drying line
.3 indication of fixed and floating aids to navigation
.4 boundaries of fairways, channels, etc.
.5 visual and radar conspicuous features
.6 prohibited and restricted areas
.7 chart scale boundaries
.8 indication of cautionary notes
3 All other infonnation, displayed individually on demand, for example:

.1 spot soundings
.2 submarine cables and pipelines
.3 ferry routes
.4 details of all isolated dangers
.5 details of aids to navigation
.6 contents of cautionary notes
.7 ENC edition date
.8 geodetic datum
.9 magnetic variation
.10 graticule
.11 place names
12
APPENDIX 3
NAVIGATIONAL ELEMENTS AND PARAMETERS*
1 Own ship
.1 Past track with time marks for primary track
.2 Past track with time marks for secondary track
2 Vector for course and speed made good
3 Variable range marker and/or electronic bearing line
4 Cursor
5 Event
.1 Dead reckoning position and time (DR)
.2 Estimated position and time (EP)
6 Fix and time
7 Position line and time
8 Transferred position line and time

.1 Predicted tidal stream or current vector with effective time and strength (in box)
.2 Actual tidal stream or current vector with effective time and strength (in box)
9 Danger highlight
10 Clearing line
11 Planned course and speed to make good. Speed is shown in box
12 Waypoint
13 Distance to run
14 Planned position with date and time
15 Visual limits of lights arc to show rising/dipping range
16 Position and time of "wheel-over"
13
APPENDIX 4
AREAS FOR WHICH SPECIAL CONDITIONS EXIST
The following are the areas which ECDIS should detect and for which it should provide an alann or
indication under 10.4.5 and 10.5.4:
Traffic separation zone
Traffic routeing scheme crossing or roundabout

Traffic routeing scheme precautionary area
Two-way traffic route
Deepwater route
Recommended traffic lane
Inshore traffic zone
Fairway
Restricted area
Caution area
Offshore production area
Areas to be avoided
Military practice area
Seaplane landing area
Submarine transit lane
Ice area
Channel
Fishing ground
Fishing prohibited
Pipeline area
Cable area
Anchorage area
Anchorage prohibited
Dumping ground
Spoil ground
Dredged area
Cargo transhipment area
Incineration area
Specially protected areas
14
APPENDIX 5
ALARMS AND INDICATORS
Section Requirements Information
10.3 Alarm or indication Largest scale for alarm

10.4.6 Alarm Exceeding off-track limits
10.5.3 Alarm Crossing safety contour
10.5.4 Alarm or indication Area with special conditions
10.5.5 Alarm Deviation from route
10.5.8 Alarm Approach to critical point
10.5.9 Alarm Different geodetic datum
13.2 Alarm or indication Malfunction of ECDIS
5.1 Indication Information overscale

5.2 Indication Larger scale ENC available
6.2 Indication Different reference system
10.4.4 Indication Route planning across safety contour
10.4.5 Indication Route planning across specified area
10.5.7 Indication Positioning system failure
13.1 Indication System test failure
In this performance standard the defmitions of indicators and alarms provided in the IMO publication
"Code on Alarms and Indicators" (IMO-867E) apply.
Alarm: An alarm or alarm system which announces by audible means, or audible and visual
means, a condition requiring attention.
Indicator: Visual indication giving information about the condition of a system or equipment.
RESOLUTION MSC.64(67)
(adopted on 4 December 1996)
ADOPTION OF NEW AND AMENDED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,
RECALLING Article 28(b) ofthe Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the
functions of the Committee,
RECALLING ALSO resolution A.825(19), by which the Assembly resolved that the functions of
adopting performance standards for radio and navigational equipment, as well as amendments thereto,
shall be performed by the Maritime Safety Committee on behalf of the Organization,
HAVING CONSIDERED new performance standards and amendments to existing performance standards
adopted by the Assembly prepared by the forty-second session of the Sub-Committee on Safety of
Navigation,
1. ADOPTS the following new and recommended performance standards, set out in annexes 1 to 2
to the present resolution:
(a) Recommendation on Performance Standards for Integrated Bridge Systems (IDS)
(annex 1);
(b) Recommendation on Performance Standards for Shipborne DGPS and DGLONASS
Maritime Radio Beacon Receiver Equipment (annex 2);
2. ALSO ADOPTS the amendments to the following performance standards adopted by the
Assembly, set out in annexes 3 to 5 to the present resolution:
(a) Resolution A.342(IX) - Recommendation on Performance Standards for Automatic
Pilots (annex 3);
(b) Resolution A.447(XII) - Recommendation on Performance Standards for Radar
Equipment (annex 4);
(c) Resolution A.817 (19) - Recommendation on Performance Standards for Electronic
Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS) (annex 5);
3. RECOMMENDS Member Governments to ensure that:

(a) integrated bridge systems (IDS), shipborne DGPS and DGLONASS maritime radio
beacon receiver equipment and electronic chart display and information system
(ECDIS) installed on or after 1 January 1999 conform to performance standards not
inferior to those set out in the annexes 1, 2 and 5 to the present resolution;
(b) heading control systems and radar equipment installed on or after 1 January 1999
conform respectively to performance standards not inferior to those set out in annexes
3 and 4 to the present resolution;
(c) automatic pilots and radar equipment installed before 1 January 1999 conform at least
to the performance standards set out in resolutions A.342(IX) and A.477(XII),
respectively.
17
Resolution MSC.64(67)
ANNEX 5
AMENDMENT TO RESOLUTION A.817(19) - PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR

ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS)
Add a new appendix 6 to the annex to the resolution:
"APPENDIX 6
BACK-UP REQUIREMENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
As prescribed in section 14 of this performance standard, adequate independent back-up arrangements
should be provided to ensure safe navigation in case of ECDIS failure. Such arrangements include:
.1 facilities enabling a safe take-over of the ECDIS functions in order to ensure that an
ECDIS failure does not result in a critical situation;
.2 a means to provide for safe navigation for the remaining part of the voyage in case of
ECDIS failure.
2 PURPOSE
The purpose of an ECDIS back-up system is to ensure that safe navigation is not compromised in the
event of ECDIS failure. This should include a timely transfer to the back-up system during critical
navigation situations. The back-up system shall allow the vessel to be navigated safely until the
termination of the voyage.
3 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Required functions and their availability
3.1.1 Presentation of chart information
The back-up system should display in graphical (chart) form the relevant information of the hydrographic
and geographic environment which are necessary for safe navigation.
3.1.2 Route planning

The back-up system should be capable of performing the route planning functions, including:
.1 taking over of the route plan originally performed on the ECDIS;
.2 adjusting a planned route manually or by transfer from a route planning device.
3.1.3 Route monitoring

The back-up system should enable a take-over of the route monitoring originally performed by the
ECDIS, and provide at least the following functions:
.1 plotting own ship's position automatically, or manually on a chart;
.2 taking courses, distances and bearings from the chart;
.3 displaying the planned route;
.4 displaying time labels along ship's track;
.5 plotting an adequate number of points, bearing lines, range markers, etc., on the chart.
18
3.1.4 Display information

If the back-up is an electronic device, it should be capable of displaying at least the information equivalent
to the standard display as defined in this performance standard.
3.1.5 Provision of chart information

.1 The chart information to be used should be the latest editions of that originated by a
government hydrographic office, and based on IRQ standards .
.2 It should not be possible to alter the contents of the electronic chart information .
.3 The chart or chart data edition and issuing date should be indicated.
3.1.6 Updating
The information displayed by the ECDIS back-up arrangements should be up-to-date for the entire
voyage.
3.1.7 Scale
If an electronic device is used, it should provide an indication:
.1 if the information is displayed at a larger scale than that contained in the database; and
.2 if own ship's position is covered by a chart at a larger scale than that provided by the
system.
3.1.8 If radar and other navigational information are added to an electronic back-up display, all the
corresponding requirements of this performance standard should be met.
3.1.9 If an electronic device is used, the display mode and generation of the neighbouring area should
be in accordance with section 7 of this performance standard.
3.1.10 Voyage recording

The back-up arrangements should be able to keep a record of the ship's actual track, including positions
and corresponding times.
3.2 Reliability and accuracy

3.2.1 Reliability
The back-up arrangements should provide reliable operation under prevailing environmental and normal
operating conditions.
3.2.2 Accuracy
Accuracy shall be in accordance with section 11 of this performance standard.
3.3 Malfunctions, warnings, alarms and indications

If an electronic device is used, it should provide a suitable indication of system malfunction.
4 OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Ergonomics
If an electronic device is used, it should be designed in accordance with the ergonomic principles of
ECDIS.
4.2 Presentation of information

4.2.1 Colours and symbols used in the back-up arrangements should be based on IRQ recommend-
ations.
4.2.2 If an electronic device is used, the effective size of the chart presentation shall be in accordance
19
with section 9.2 of this performance standard.
S POWER SUPPLY
If an electronic device is used:
.1 the back-up power supply should be separate from the ECDIS; and
.2 conform to the requirements in this ECDIS performance standard.
6 CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER EQUIPMENT

6.1 If an electronic device is used, it should:
.1 be connected to systems providing continuous position-fixing capability; and
.2 not degrade the performance of any equipment providing sensor input.
6.2 If radar with selected parts of the ENC chart information overlay is used as an element of the
back-up, the radar should comply with resolution A.477(XII), as amended."
?n
RESOLUTION MSC.86(70)
(adopted on 8 December 1998)
ADOPTION OF NEW AND AMENDED PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR

NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT
THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE,
RECALLING Article 28(b) of the Convention on the International Maritime Organization concerning the
functions of the Committee,
RECALLING ALSO resolution A.825(19), by which the Assembly resolved that the functions of
adopting performance standards for radio and navigational equipment, as well as amendments thereto,
shall be performed by the Maritime Safety Committee on behalf of the Organization,
HAVING CONSIDERED new performance standards and amendments to existing performance standards
adopted by the Assembly and prepared by the forty-fourth session of the Sub-Committee on Safety of
Navigation,
1. ADOPTS the following new recommended performance standards, set out in annexes 1to 3 to the
present resolution:
.1 Recommendation on Performance Standards for Sound Reception Systems (annex 1);
.2 Recommendation on Performance Standards for Marine Transmitting Magnetic
Heading Devices (TMHDs) (annex 2); and
.3 Recommendation on Performance Standards for an Integrated Navigation System
(annex 3);
2. ADOPTS ALSO the amendments to the Recommendation on Performance Standards for

Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDISs) (resolution A.817 (19» set out in annex 4 to
the present resolution;
3. RECOMMENDS Member Governments to ensure that:

.1 sound reception systems, marine transmitting heading devices and integrated
navigation systems installed on or after 1 January 2000 conform to performance
standards not inferior to those set out in annexes 1 to 3 to the present resolution;
.2 ECDIS installed on or after 1 January 2000 conform, respectively, to performance
standards not inferior to those set out in resolution A.817(19), as amended, and annex
4 to the present resolution;
.3 ECDIS installed on 1 January 1999 and before 1 January 2000 conform at least to the
performance standards set out in resolution A.817(19), as amended by resolution
MSC.64(67), annex 5; and
.4 ECDIS installed before 1 January 1999 conform at least to performance standards set
out in resolution A.817(19).
21
ANNEX 4
AMENDMENTS TO THE RECOMMENDATION ON PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR

ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDISs)
(RESOLUTION A.8l7(l9»
Add a new paragraph 1.9:
"1.9 When the relevant chart infonnation is not available in the appropriate fonn (see section 4),
some ECDIS equipment may operate in the Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) mode as
defmed in appendix 7. Unless otherwise specified in appendix 7, the RCDS mode of
operation should confonn to perfonnance standards not inferior to those set out in this
annex. "
Modify paragraph 10.5.7 as follows:
"10.5.7 ECDIS should provide an alarm when the input from the position-fixing system is lost.
ECDIS should also repeat, but only as an indication, any alann or indicatiol1 passed to it
from a position-fixing system."
In appendix 5, paragraph 10.5.7 change the word "indication" to "alann".
Add a new appendix 7 to the annex to the resolution:
"APPENDIX 7
RCDS MODE OF OPERATION
Whenever in this appendix a reference is made to provisions of the annex related to ECDIS, ECDIS
should be substituted by RCDS, SENC by SRNC and ENC by RNC, as appropriate.
All paragraphs of the annex related to ECDIS are indicated as to whether they apply to RCDS, do not
apply to RCDS, or are modified in order to apply to RCDS. These paragraphs are followed by additional
requirements for ECDIS equipment in the RCDS mode.
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Paragraph applies to RCDS.
1.2 When operating in the RCDS mode, ECDIS equipment should be used together with an
appropriate portfolio of up-to-date paper charts.
1.3-1.7 Paragraphs apply to RCDS.
1.8 RCDS should provide appropriate alarms or indications with respect to the infonnation displayed
or malfunction of the equipment (see Table 1 of this appendix).
2 DEFINITIONS
2.1 Raster ChartDisplay System (RCDS)means a navigation infonnation system displaying RNCs
with positional infonnation from navigation sensors to assist the mariner in route planning and route
monitoring and, if required, display additional navigation-related infonnation.
22
2.2 Raster Navigational Chart (RNC) means a facsimile of a paper chart originated by, or distributed
on the authority of, a government-authorized hydrographic office. RNC is used in these standards to mean
either a single chart or a collection of charts.
2.3 System Raster Navigational Chart Database (SRNC) means a database resulting from the
transformation of the RNC by the RCDS to include updates to the RNC by appropriate means.
2.4-2.5 Paragraphs do not apply to RCDS.
3 DISPLAY OF SRNC INFORMATION

3.2 SRNC information available for display during route planning and route monitoring should be
subdivided into two categories:
.1 the RCDS standard display consisting ofRNC and its updates, including its scale,
the scale at which it is displayed, its horizontal datum, and its units of depths and
heights; and
.2 any other information such as mariner's notes.
3.4 When a RNC is displayed on the RCDS, it should provide an indication advising the mariner if a
more detailed (larger scale) RNC is available for the displayed area.
3.5 It should be easy to add to, or remove from, the RCDS display any information additional to the
RNC data, such as mariner's notes. It should not be possible to remove any information from the RNC.
3.6-3.7 Paragraphs do not apply to RCDS.
3.11 There should always be an indication if the ECDIS equipment is operating in the RCDS mode.
4 PROVISION AND UPDATING OF CHART INFORMATION

4.1 The RNC used in RCDS should be the latest edition of that originated by, or distributed on the
authority of, a government-authorized hydrographic office and conform to IRQ standards. RNCs not on
WGS-84 or PE-90 should carry meta-data (i.e., additional data) to allow geo-referenced positional data to
be displayed in the correct relationship to SRNC data.
4.2 The contents of the SRNC should be adequate and up-to-date for that part of the intended voyage
not covered by ENC.
4.3-4.8 All paragraphs apply to RCDS.
5 SCALE
This section applies to RCDS.
6 DISPLAY OF OTHER NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION

23
7 DISPLAY MODE AND GENERATION OF THE NEIGHBOURING AREA

7.1 It should always be possible to display the RNC in "chart-up" orientation. Other orientations
are permitted.
8 COLOURS AND SYMBOLS

8.1 IRO recommended colours and symbols should be used to represent SRNC information.
8.3 Paragraph does not apply to RCDS.
9 DISPLAY REQUIREMENTS
9.5 RCDS should be capable of displaying, simply and quickly, chart notes which are not located
on the portion of the chart currently being displayed.
10 ROUTE PLANNING, MONITORING AND VOYAGE RECORDING

10.4 Route planning

10.4.1-10.4.3 Paragraphs apply to RCDS.
10.4.4-10.4.5 Paragraphs do not apply to RCDS.
10.4.6 Paragraph applies to RCDS.
10.4.7 It should be possible for the mariner to enter points, lines and areas which activate an
automatic alarm. The display ofthese features should not degrade the SRNC information and it should be
clearly distinguishable ITomthe SRNC information.
10.5 Route monitoring

10.5.1 Paragraph applies to RCDS.
10.5.2 It should be possible to display a sea area that does not have the ship on the display (e.g. for
look ahead, route planning), while route monitoring. If this is done on the display used for route
monitoring, the automatic route monitoring functions in 10.4.6 and 10.4.7 should be continuous. It should
be possible to return to the route monitoring display covering own ship's position immediately by single
operator action.
10.5.3-10.5.4 Paragraphs do not apply to RCDS.
24
10.5.9 The RCDS should only accept data referenced to the WGS-84 or PE-90 geodetic datums.
RCDS should give an alarm if the positional data is not referenced to one of these datums.
10.5.14 RCDS should allow the user to manually align the SRNC with positional data. This can be
necessary, for example, to compensate for local charting errors.
10.5.15 It should be possible to activate an automatic alarm when the ship crosses a point, line, or is
within the boundary of a mariner-entered feature within a specified time or distance.
10.6 Voyage recording

10.6.1-10.6.4 All paragraphs apply to RCDS.
11 ACCURACY
12 CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER EQUIPMENT

13 PERFORMANCE TESTS, MALFUNCTION ALARMS AND INDICATIONS

14 BACK-UP ARRANGEMENTS
All paragraphs apply to RCDS.
15 POWER SUPPLY
Table 1
ALARMS AND INDICATORS IN THE RCDS MODE OF OPERATION
Paragraph Requirement Information
10.4.6, 10.5.5 Alarm Deviation from route

10.4.7, 10.5.15 Alarm Approach to critical point, line, area or mariner-entered feature
10.5.7 Alarm Positioning system failure
10.5.8 Alarm Approach to critical point
10.5.9 Alarm Different geodetic datum
13.2 Alarm Malfunction of RCDS mode
3.11 Indication ECDIS operating in the raster mode

3.4,5.1 Indication Information under-scale or overscale
5.2 Indication Larger scale RNC available for the area of the vessel
The defmitions of alarms and indicators are given in appendix 5."
25
Attachment
GUIDANCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF

MODEL COURSES
GUIDANCE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MODEL COURSES
Contents
Part 1 Preparation
Part 2 Notes on Teaching Technique
Part 3 Curriculum Development
Annex A 1 Preparation checklist
Annex A2 Example of a Model Course syllabus in a subject area
Annex A3 Example of a lesson plan for annex A2

Part 1 - Preparation
1 Introduction
1.1 The success of any enterprise depends heavily on sound and effective preparations.
1.2 Although the IMO model course "package" has been made as comprehensive as possible, it is
nonetheless vital that sufficient time and resources are devoted to preparation. Preparation not only
involves matters concerning administration or organization, but also includes the preparation of any
course notes, drawings, sketches, overhead transparencies, etc., which may be necessary.
2 General considerations
2.1 The course "package" should be studied carefully; in particular, the course syllabus and associated
material must be attentively and thoroughly studied. This is vital if a clear understanding is to be
obtained of what is required, in terms of resources necessary to successfully implement the course.
2.2 A "checklist", such as that set out in annex A 1, should be used throughout all stages of preparation to
ensure that all necessary actions and activities are being carried out in good time and in an effective
manner. The checklist allows the status of the preparation procedures to be monitored, and helps in
identifying the remedial actions necessary to meet deadlines. It will be necessary to hold meetings of
all those concerned in presenting the course from time to time in order to assess the status of the
preparation and "trouble-shoot" any difficulties.
2.3 The course syllabus should be discussed with the teaching staff who are to present the course, and
their views received on the particular parts they are to present. A study of the syllabus will determine
whether the incoming trainees need preparatory work to meet the entry standard. The detailed
teaching syllabus is constructed in "training outcome" format. Each specific outcome states precisely
what the trainee must do to show that the outcome has been achieved. An example of a model course
syllabus is given in annex A2. Part 3 deals with curriculum development and explains how a syllabus
is constructed and used.
2.4 The teaching staff who are to present the course should construct notes or lesson plans to achieve
these outcomes. A sample lesson plan for one of the areas of the sample syllabus is provided in
annex A3.
2.5 It is important that the staff who present the course convey, to the person in charge of the course,
their assessment of the course as it progresses.
3 Specific considerations
3.1 Scope of course
In reviewing the scope of the course, the instructor should determine whether it needs any adjustment
in order to meet additional local or national requirements (see Part 3).
3.2 Course objective

3.2.1 The course objective, as stated in the course material, should be very carefully considered so
that its meaning is fully understood. Does the course objective require expansion to encompass any
additional task that national or local requirements will impose upon those who successfully complete
the course? Conversely, are there elements included which are not validated by national industry
requirements?
3.2.2 It is important that any subsequent assessment made of the course should include a review of
the course objectives.
3.3 Entry standards

3.3.1 If the entry standard will not be met by your intended trainee intake, those entering the course
should first be required to complete an upgrading course to raise them to the stated entry level.
3
Alternatively, those parts of the course affected could be augmented by inserting course material
which will cover the knowledge required.
3.3.2 If the entry standard will be exceeded by your planned trainee intake, you may wish to
abridge or omit those parts of the course the teaching of which would be unnecessary, or which could
be dealt with as revision.
3.3.3 Study the course material with the above questions in mind and with a view to assessing
whether or not it will be necessary for the trainees to carry out preparatory work prior to joining the
course. Preparatory material for the trainees can range from refresher notes, selected topics from
textbooks and reading of selected technical papers, through to formal courses of instruction. It may be
necessary to use a combination of preparatory work and the model course material in modified form.
It must be emphasized that where the model course material involves an international requirement,
such as a regulation of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and
Watchkeeping (STCW) 1978, as amended, the standard must not be relaxed; in many instances, the
intention of the Convention is to require review, revision or increased depth of knowledge by
candidates undergoing training for higher certificates.
3.4 Course certificate, diploma or document

Where a certificate, diploma or document is to be issued to trainees who successfully complete the
course, ensure that this is available and properly worded and that the industry and all authorities
concerned are fully aware of its purpose and intent.
3.5 Course intake limitations

3.5.1 The course designers have recommended limitations regarding the numbers of trainees who
may participate in the course. As far as possible, these limitations should not be exceeded; otherwise,
the quality of the course will be diluted.
3.5.2 It may be necessary to make arrangements for accommodating the trainees and providing
facilities for food and transportation. These aspects must be considered at an early stage of the
preparations.
3.6 Staff requirements

3.6.1 It is important that an experienced person, preferably someone with experience in course and
curriculum development, is given the responsibility of implementing the course.
3.6.2 Such a person is often termed a "course co-ordinator" or "course director". Other staff, such
as lecturers, instructors, laboratory technicians, workshop instructors, etc., will be needed to
implement the course effectively. Staff involved in presenting the course will need to be properly
briefed about the course work they will be dealing with, and a system must be set up for checking the
material they may be required to prepare. To do this, it will be essential to make a thorough study of
the syllabus and apportion the parts of the course work according to the abilities of the staff called
upon to present the work.
3.6.3 The person responsible for implementing the course should consider monitoring the quality of
teaching in such areas as variety and form of approach, relationship with trainees, and communicative
and interactive skills; where necessary, this person should also provide appropriate counselling and
support.
3.7 Teaching facilities and equipment

Rooms and other services
3.7.1 It is important to make reservations as soon as is practicable for the use of lecture rooms,
laboratories, workshops and other spaces.
Equipment
3.7.2 Arrangements must be made at an early stage for the use of equipment needed in the spaces
mentioned in 3.7.1 to support and carry through the work of the course. For example:
.1 blackboards and writing materials
.2 apparatus in laboratories for any associated demonstrations and experiments
4
.3 machinery and related equipment in workshops
.4 equipment and materials in other spaces (e.g. for demonstrating fire fighting, personal
survival, etc.).
3.8 Teaching aids

Any training aids specified as being essential to the course should be constructed, or checked for
availability and working order.
3.9 Audio-visual aids

Audio-visual aids (AVA) may be recommended in order to reinforce the learning process in some
parts of the course. Such recommendations will be identified in Part A of the model course. The
following points should be borne in mind:
.1 Overhead projectors
Check through any illustrations provided in the course for producing overhead projector (OHP)
transparencies, and arrange them in order of presentation. To produce transparencies, a supply of
transparency sheets is required; the illustrations can be transferred to these via photocopying.
Alternatively, transparencies can be produced by writing or drawing on the sheet. Coloured pens are
useful for emphasizing salient points. Ensure that spare projector lamps (bulbs) are available .
.2 Slide projectors
If you order slides indicated in the course framework, check through them and arrange them in order
of presentation. Slides are usually produced from photographic negatives. If further slides are
considered necessary and cannot be produced locally, OHP transparencies should be resorted to .
.3 Cine projector
If films are to be used, check their compatibility with the projector (Le. 16 mm, 35 mm, sound, etc.).
The films must be test-run to ensure there are no breakages.
.4 Video equipment
It is essential to check the type of video tape to be used. The two types commonly used are VHS and
Betamax. Although special machines exist which can play either format, the majority of machines play
only one or the other type. Note that VHS and Betamax are not compatible; the correct machine type
is required to match the tape. Check also that the TV raster format used in the tapes (Le. number of
lines, frames/second, scanning order, etc.) is appropriate to the TV equipment available. (Specialist
advice may have to be sought on this aspect.) All video tapes should be test-run prior to their use on
the course.
.5 Computer equipment
If computer-based aids are used, check their compatibility with the projector and the available
software .
.6 General note
The electricity supply must be checked for voltage and whether it is AC or DC, and every precaution
must be taken to ensure that the equipment operates properly and safely. It is important to use a
proper screen which is correctly positioned; it may be necessary to exclude daylight in some cases. A
check must be made to ensure that appropriate screens or blinds are available. All material to be
presented should be test-run to eliminate any possible troubles, arranged in the correct sequence in
which it is to be shown, and properly identified and cross-referenced in the course timetable and
lesson plans.
3.10 IMO references

The content of the course, and therefore its standard, reflects the requirements of all the relevant IMO
international conventions and the provisions of other instruments as indicated in the model course.
The relevant publications can be obtained from the Publication Service of IMO, and should be
available, at least to those involved in presenting the course, if the indicated extracts are not included
in a compendium supplied with the course.
5
3.11 Textbooks
The detailed syllabus may refer to a particular textbook or textbooks. It is essential that these books
are available to each student taking the course. If supplies of textbooks are limited, a copy should be
loaned to each student, who will return it at the end of the course. Again, some courses are provided
with a compendium which includes all or part of the training material required to support the course.
3.12 Bibliography
Any useful supplementary source material is identified by the course designers and listed in the model
course. This list should be supplied to the participants so that they are aware where additional
information can be obtained, and at least two copies of each book or publication should be available
for reference in the training institute library.
3.13 Timetable
If a timetable is provided in a model course, it is for guidance only. It may only take one or two
presentations of the course to achieve an optimal timetable. However, even then it must be borne in
mind that any timetable is subject to variation, depending on the general needs of the trainees in any
one class and the availability of instructors and equipment.
Part 2 - Notes on Teaching Technique
1 Preparation
1.1 Identify the section of the syllabus which is to be dealt with.
1.2 Read and study thoroughly all the syllabus elements.
1.3 Obtain the necessary textbooks or reference papers which cover the training area to be presented.
Identify the equipment which will be needed, together with support staff necessary for its operation.
1.4
It is essential to use a "lesson plan", which can provide a simplified format for co-ordinating lecture
1.5
notes and supporting activities. The lesson plan breaks the material down into identifiable steps,
making use of brief statements, possibly with keywords added, and indicating suitable allocations of
time for each step. The use of audio-visual material should be indexed at the correct point in the
lecture with an appropriate allowance of time. The audio-visual material should be test-run prior to its
being used in the lecture. An example of a lesson plan is shown in annex A3.
The syllabus is structured in training outcome format and it is thereby relatively straightforward to
1.6
assess each trainee's grasp of the subject matter presented during the lecture. Such assessment may
take the form of further discussion, oral questions, written tests or selection-type tests, such as
multiple-choice questions, based on the objectives used in the syllabus. Selection-type tests and
short-answer tests can provide an objective assessment independent of any bias on the part of the
assessor. For certification purposes, assessors should be appropriately qualified for the particular
type of training or assessment.
REMEMBER - POOR PREPARATION IS A SURE WAY TO LOSE THE INTEREST OF A GROUP
Check the rooms to be used before the lecture is delivered. Make sure that all the equipment and
1.7
apparatus are ready for use and that any support staff are also prepared and ready. In particular,
check that all blackboards are clean and that a supply of writing and cleaning materials is readily
available.
2 Delivery
2.1 Always face the people you are talking to; never talk with your back to the group.
2.2 Talk clearly and sufficiently loudly to reach everyone.
Maintain eye contact with the whole group as a way of securing their interest and maintaining it (Le.
2.3
do not look continuously at one particular person, nor at a point in space).
People are all different, and they behave and react in different ways. An important function of a
2.4
lecturer is to maintain interest and interaction between members of a group.
Some points or statements are more important than others and should therefore be emphasized. To
2.5
ensure that such points or statements are remembered, they must be restated a number of times,
preferably in different words.
If a blackboard is to be used, any writing on it must be clear and large enough for everyone to see.
2.6
Use colour to emphasize important points, particularly in sketches.
It is only possible to maintain a high level of interest for a relatively short period of time; therefore,
2.7
break the lecture up into different periods of activity to keep interest at its highest level. Speaking,
writing, sketching, use of audio-visual material, questions, and discussions can all be used to
accomplish this. When a group is writing or sketching, walk amongst the group, looking at their work,
and provide comment or advice to individual members of the group when necessary.
7
2.8 When holding a discussion, do not allow individual members of the group to monopolize the activity,
but ensure that all members have a chance to express opinions or ideas.
2.9 If addressing questions to a group, do not ask them collectively; otherwise, the same person may
reply each time. Instead, address the questions to individuals in turn, so that everyone is invited to
participate.
2.10 It is important to be guided by the syllabus content and not to be tempted to introduce material which
may be too advanced, or may contribute little to the course objective. There is often competition
between instructors to achieve a level which is too advanced. Also, instructors often strongly resist
attempts to reduce the level to that required by a syllabus.
2.11 Finally, effective preparation makes a major contribution to the success of a lecture. Things often go
wrong; preparedness and good planning will contribute to putting things right. Poor teaching cannot
be improved by good accommodation or advanced equipment, but good teaching can overcome any
disadvantages that poor accommodation and lack of equipment can present.
8
Part 3 - Curriculum Development
1 Curriculum
The dictionary defines curriculum as a "regular course of study", while syllabus is defined as "a
concise statement of the subjects forming a course of study". Thus, in general terms, a curriculum is
simply a course, while a sytlabus can be thought of as a list (traditionally, a "list of things to be
taught").
2 Course content
The subjects which are needed to form a training course, and the precise skills and depth of
knowledge required in the various subjects, can only be determined through an in-depth assessment
of the job functions which the course participants are to be trained to perform Gob analysis). This
analysis determines the training needs, thence the purpose of the course (course objective). After
ascertaining this, it is possible to define the scope of the course.
(NOTE: Determination of whether or not the course objective has been achieved may quite possibly
entail assessment, over a period of time, of the "on-the-job performance" of those completing the
course. However, the detailed learning objectives are quite specific and immediately assessable.)
3 Job analysis
A job analysis can only be properly carried out by a group whose members are representative of the
organizations and bodies involved in the area of work to be covered by the course. The validation of
results, via review with persons currently employed in the job concerned, is essential if undertraining
and overtraining are to be avoided.
4 Course plan
Following definition of the course objective and scope, a course plan or outline can be drawn up. The
potential students for the course (the trainee target group) must then be identified, the entry standard
to the course decided and the prerequisites defined.
5 Syllabus
The final step in the process is the preparation of the detailed syllabus with associated time scales;
the identification of those parts of textbooks and technical papers which cover the training areas to a
sufficient degree to meet, but not exceed, each learning objective; and the drawing up of a
bibliography of additional material for supplementary reading.
6 Syllabus content
The material contained in a sytlabus is not static; technology is continuously undergoing change and
there must therefore be a means for reviewing course material in order to eliminate what is redundant
and introduce new material reflecting current practice. As defined above, a syllabus can be though of
as a list and, traditionally, there have always been an "examination syllabus" and a "teaching
sytlabus"; these indicate, respectively, the subject matter contained in an examination paper, and the
subject matter a teacher is to use in preparing lessons or lectures.
7 Training outcomes
7.1 The prime communication difficulty presented by any sytlabus is how to convey the "depth" of
knowledge required. A sytlabus is usually constructed as a series of "training outcomes" to help
resolve this difficulty.
9
7.2 Thus, curriculum development makes use of training outcomes to ensure that a common minimum
level and breadth of attainment is achieved by all the trainees following the same course, irrespective
of the training institution (Le. teaching/lecturing staff).
7.3 Training outcomes are trainee-oriented, in that they describe an end result which is to be achieved by
the trainee as a result of a learning process.
7.4 In many cases, the learning process is linked to a skill or work activity and, to demonstrate properly
the attainment of the objective, the trainee response may have to be based on practical application or
use, or on work experience.
7.5 The training outcome, although aimed principally at the trainee to ensure achievement of a specific
learning step, also provides a framework for the teacher or lecturer upon which lessons or lectures
can be constructed.
7.6 A training outcome is specific and describes precisely what a trainee must do to demonstrate his
knowledge, understanding or skill as an end product of a learning process.
7.7 The learning process is the "knowledge acquisition" or "skill developmenf' that takes place during a
course. The outcome of the process is an acquired "knowledge", "understanding", "skill"; but these
terms alone are not sufficiently precise for describing a training outcome.
7.8 Verbs, such as "calculates", "defines", "explains", "lists", "solves" and "states", must be used when
constructing a specific training outcome, so as to define precisely what the trainee will be enabled to
do.
7.9 In the IMO model course project, the aim is to provide a series of model courses to assist instructors
in developing countries to enhance or update the maritime training they provide, and to allow a
common minimum standard to be achieved throughout the world. The use of training outcomes is a
tangible way of achieving this desired aim.
7.10 As an example, a syllabus in training-outcome format for the subject of ship construction appears in
annex A2. This is a standard way of structuring this kind of syllabus. Although, in this case, an
outcome for each area has been identified - and could be used in an assessment procedure - this
stage is often dropped to obtain a more compact syllabus structure.
S Assessment
Training outcomes describe an outcome which is to be achieved by the trainee. Of equal importance
is the fact that such an achievement can be measured OBJECTIVELY through an evaluation which
will not be influenced by the personal opinions and judgements of the examiner. Objective testing or
evaluation provides a sound base on which to make reliable judgements concerning the levels of
understanding and knowledge achieved, thus allowing an effective evaluation to be made of the
progress of trainees in a course.
10
Annex A2 - Example of a Model Course syllabus in a subject area
Subject area: Ship construction
Prerequisite: Have a broad understanding of shipyard practice
General aims: Have knowledge of materials used in shipbuilding, specification of

shipbuilding steel and process of approval
Textbooks: No specific textbook has been used to construct the syllabus, but the
instructor would be assisted in preparation of lecture notes by referring to
suitable books on ship construction, such as Ship Construction by Eyres
(T12) and Merchant Ship Construction by Taylor (T58)
Part C3: Detailed Teaching Syllabus

Introduction
The detailed teaching syllabus is presented as a series of learning objectives. The
objective, therefore, describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that the
specified knowledge or skill has been transferred.
Thus each training outcome is supported by a number of related performance

elements in which the trainee is required to be proficient. The teaching syllabus
shows the Required performance expected of the trainee in the tables that follow.
In order to assist the instructor, references are shown to indicate IMO references
and publications, textbooks and teaching aids that instructors may wish to use in
preparing and presenting their lessons.
The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed
teaching syllabus; in particular,
Teaching aids (indicated by A)
IMO references (indicated by R) and
Textbooks (indicated by T)
will provide valuable information to instructors.
Explanation of information contained in the syllabus tables

The information on each table is systematically organized in the following way.
The line at the head of the table describes the FUNCTION with which the training is
concerned. A function means a group of tasks, duties and responsibilities as
specified in the STCW Code. It describes related activities which make up a
professional discipline or traditional departmental responsibility on board.
The header of the first column denotes the COMPETENCE concerned. Each
function comprises a number of competences. For example, the Function 3,
Controlling the Operation of the Ship and Care for Persons on board at the
Management Level, comprises a number of COMPETENCES. Each competence is
uniquely and consistently numbered in this model course.
In this function the competence is Control trim, stability and stress. It is

numbered 3.1, that is the first competence in Function 3. The term "competence"
should be understood as the application of knowledge, understanding, proficiency,
skills, experience for an individual to perform a task, duty or responsibility on board
in a safe, efficient and timely manner.
Shown next is the required [~!N!NGPQm~QMI;. The training outcomes are the
areas of knowledge, understanding and proficiency in which the trainee must be
able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding. Each COMPETENCE
comprises a number of training outcomes. For example, the aboyec()rT1PE3!E3nce
cornpri~e~t~EE3E3!rCii~i~/()~t~ornes. The first is ~()~9E3E~E39 wit~EUNPAMe(\J"rAL
RRINCIR.l.4e9IQI}9rUR.~QNSTRI.J~TION,. TRIMANP§TA6JI.41TY· Each training
outcome is uniquely and consistently numbered in this model course. That
concerned with fundamental principles of ship construction, trim and stability is
15
uniquely numbere9}.1:1 ...Eor 9larity, training outcomes are printed in black type on
grey, for example TRAINING OUTCOME.
Finally, each training outcome embodies a variable number of Required

performances - as evidence of competence. The instruction, training and learning
should lead to the trainee meeting the specified Required performance. For the
training outcome concerned with fundamental principles of ship construction, trim
and stability there are three areas of performance. These are:
3.1.1.1 Shipbuilding materials
3.1.1.2 Welding
3.1.1.3 Bulkheads
Following each numbered area of Required performance there is a list of activities

that the trainee should complete and which collectively specify the standard of
competence that the trainee must meet. These are for the guidance of teachers
and instructors in designing lessons, lectures, tests and exercises for use in the
teaching process. For example, under the topic 3.1.1.1, to meet the Required
performance, the trainee should be able to:
- state that steels are alloys of iron, with properties dependent upon the
type and amounts of alloying materials used
- state that the specifications of shipbuilding steels are laid down by
classification societies
- state that shipbuilding steel is tested and graded by classification society
surveyors who stamp it with approval marks
and so on.
IMO references (Rx) are listed in the column to the right-hand side. Teaching aids
(Ax), videos (Vx) and textbooks (Tx) relevant to the training outcome and required
performances are placed immediately following the TRAININGpUTCOME title.
It is not intended that lessons are organized to follow the sequence of Required
performances listed in the Tables. The Syllabus Tables are organized to match with
the competence in the STCW Code Table A-II/2. Lessons and teaching should
follow college practices. It is not necessary, for example, for ship building materials
to be studied before stability. What is necessary is that _allof the material is covered
and that teaching is effective to allow trainees to meet the standard of the Required
performance.
16
FUNCTION 3: CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF THE SHIP AND CARE FOR

PERSONS ON BOARD AT THE MANAGEMENT LEVEL
COMPETENCE 3.1 Control trim, stability and stress IMO reference
B.1.1FuNI:>AMeNT~INCIPLESOF SHIP
~ONilliRU~ffilONiffiRIM~NDilli~aU ..IT'X
Textbooks:T11, T12, T35,T58,T69
Teaching aids: A 1, A4, V5, V6, V7
Required performance:
1.1 Shipbuilding materials (3 hours) R1
- states that steels are alloys of iron, with properties dependent upon
the type and amounts of alloying materials used
- states that the specifications of shipbuilding steels are laid down by

classification societies
- states that shipbuilding steel is tested and graded by classification

society surveyors, who stamp it with approval marks
- explains that mild steel, graded A to E, is used for most parts of the
ship
- states why higher tensile steel may be used in areas of high stress,
such as the sheer strake
- explains that the use of higher tensile steel in place of mild steel
results in a saving of weight for the same strength
- explains what is meant by:

• tensile strength
• ductility
• hardness
• toughness
- defines strain as extension divided by original length
- sketches a stress-strain curve for mild steel
- explains:
• yield point
• ultimate tensile stress
• modulus of elasticity
- explains that toughness is related to the tendency to brittle fracture
- explains that stress fracture may be initiated by a small crack or notch

in a plate
- states that cold conditions increase the chances of brittle fracture
- states why mild steel is unsuitable for the very low temperatures
involved in the containment of liquefied gases
- lists examples where castings or forgings are used in ship

construction
- explains the advantages of the use of aluminium alloys in the

construction of superstructures
- states that aluminium alloys are tested and graded by classification

society surveyors
- explains how strength is preserved in aluminium superstructures in the

event of fire
- describes the special precautions against corrosion that are needed
where aluminium alloy is connected to steelwork

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Model Course 1.

The Operational Use of

Sales number: T127E

This course in the operational use of ECDIS was developed by

Copyright © IMO 2000

All rights reserved

Part A: Course Framework 5

Part B: Course Outline and Timetable 9

Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus 14

Part D: Instructor Manual 24

Attachment: Guidance on the implementation of IMO model courses

Following the earlier adoption of the International Convention on Standards of Training,

• The features of ECDIS

(b) Competence requirements

(c) Performance standards

• Goals of this course

• The purpose of this model course

• Preparing an ECDIS course on the basis of the model course

and describes the importance of:

• Prerequisites for implementation

• Degree of obligation of and freedom from the model course

• Necessary adjustments of the course

Part A: Course Framework

• Course certificate, diploma or document

On successful completion of the course and assessments, a document may be issued

• Course intake limitations

• Teaching facilities and equipment

• Teaching aids (A)

To be extended whenever suitable teaching aids are available.

• IMO references (R)

• Textbooks and other references (T)

To be extended whenever a more extensive and in-depth bibliography is available.

Part B: Course Outline and Timetable

List of principal ECDIS subjects (training areas)

L = Lecture; D = Demonstration; E = Exercise

Training area Area objective and syllabus outline Lessons L D E

Training area Area objective and syllabus outline Lessons L D E

* Depending on the technical realization of updating

Training area Area objective and syllabus outline Lessons L D E

Part B (3): Proposed Course Timetable "Use of ECDIS"

E L+D L+D+E L+D L+D+E

L+D+E L+D L+D+E E

L+D+E E L+D+E L+D+E E

Part C: Detailed Teaching Syllabus

• References and teaching aids

The following are examples of the use of references:

f Detailed Teaching Syllabus

I: o~::~: =~e ~d.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.':~eexpected learningoutcomeis that

IMO Blblio- Teaching

1 Legal aspects and requirements

1.1 explain (C2) the SOLAS (chapter V) carriage requirements R3

1.3 outline (C1) the IMO performance standards for ECDIS R1

1.5 explain and accept the training requirements concerning the

2 Principal types of electronic chart

3.2 explain (C2):

3.3 outline (C1) the steps and responsibilities during ENC

IMO Blbllo- Teaching

assess (C6) that the data quality is doubtful due to the

explain (C2) the different reference systems used for 81-

assess (C6) all errors, inaccuracies and ambiguities caused

3.6 outline (C1) the organization of chart data distribution

3.7 demonstrate (C3) the loading and storing of ECDIS data by

4 Presentation of ECDIS data