Philip Chang FEB 2019

Keysight Technologies
• Opening Up Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
• Challenges of Very-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 5G NR
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 802.11ay
• New R&D Testbed for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Summary and Additional Resources

© Keysight Technologies 2019 2

 CUSTOMER PROBLEM

⚫That require more width bandwidths for new applications like 5G, WiGig, mmW backhaul and
Automotive Radar.
⚫VHF, UHF and Microwave bands becoming increasingly crowded
⚫Spectrum auctions provide revenue for governments

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NEAR TERM
The FCC is facing pressure to speed up the process for
Frequency Band Auction Year
auctioning off 5G-critical spectrum. Carriers plan to use the new
spectrum to build out ultra-fast networks that will power the 1300-1350 MHz 2024
internet of things, autonomous vehicles, and other emerging
3.7 GHz – 4.2 GHz 2019
technologies. Telecom companies and policymakers have urged
24 GHz (24.75-25.25) 2018-2019
the FCC to move more quickly to repurpose the spectrum.
28 GHz (27.5-28.35) 2018

37 GHz (37-38.6) 2019

39 GHz (38.6-40) 2019

47 GHz (47.2-48.2) 2019

*FCC NPRM – “Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz For Mobile Radio Services”; October 2017

© Keysight Technologies 2019 4

NEAR TERM
GOAL: Make available millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum, at or above 24 GHz, for fifth-generation (5G)
wireless, Internet of Things, and other advanced spectrum-based services.
24.75-25.25 GHz – allow for more flexible FSS (fixed-satellite service)
48.2-50.2 GHz - looking to authorize fixed and mobile operations in this band as well a sharing

57-64 GHz - maintain unlicensed use of the band, also allow unlicensed use during aircraft flight

64-71 GHz – maintain unlicensed use of the band, also allow unlicensed use during aircraft flight
70 GHz (71-76 GHz) – focus bands on fixed and other newer and innovative uses

80 GHz (81-86 GHz) – focus bands on fixed and other newer and innovative uses

90 GHz (92-95 GHz) - focus bands on fixed and other newer and innovative uses
5G mmWave bands

802.11ad/ay

*FCC NPRM – “Use of Spectrum Bands Above 24 GHz For Mobile Radio Services”; October 2017 24 30 37 52 71 76 81 88
GHz GHz GHz GHz 57 66 GHz GHz GHz GHz
© Keysight Technologies 2019 GHz GHz 5
OUTLOOK

*Gigabit LTE and beyond: Mobilizing millimeter wave

© Keysight Technologies 2019 6
• Opening Up Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
• Challenges of Very-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 5G NR
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 802.11ay
• New R&D Testbed for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Summary and Additional Resources

© Keysight Technologies 2019 7

bps/Hz is important; so is uJ/bit for a portable device

Transmit power gets spread

over the occupied bandwidth

Arbitrary reference point

SNR = 0 dB at 1GHz

© Keysight Technologies 2019 8

 If SNR is really low,
more BW = more
capacity

Normal operating region

C = B.log2 (1+SNR)

Some System Challenges with Higher Frequencies and Wider Bandwidths:

• Optimizing SNR
• Optimizing System Performance
- Phase Noise
- Linear Impairments (e.g. Amplitude and Phase vs. Frequency)
- Nonlinear Impairments (e.g. Power Amplifier Gain Compression, Mixers, etc…)

© Keysight Technologies 2019 9

SO HOW WIDE DO YOU GO?

High perf.
backhaul
WLAN, LTE

802.11ad
Increasing PAPR
(Single carrier)

© Keysight Technologies 2019 10

• Opening Up Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
• Challenges of Very-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 5G NR
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 802.11ay
• New R&D Testbed for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Summary and Additional Resources

© Keysight Technologies 2019 11

SOURCE: QUALCOMM

Δf=15kHz µ Δf = 2µ·15 kHz Cyclic Prefix

Outdoor macro 0 15 kHz Normal
coverage … Sync Data
< 6 GHz 1 30 kHz Normal < 6 GHz
e.g. FDD 700MHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 5, 10, and 20 MHz 2 60 kHz Normal, Extended Data
3 120 kHz Normal > 6 GHz
Sync
Δf=30kHz > 6 GHz 4 240 kHz Normal
Outdoor macro and
small cell ……
e.g. TDD 3-5GHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 100 MHz
Δf=60kHz
Indoor
Wideband ……
e.g. unlicensed 5GHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 160 MHz

Δf=120kHz

mmWave ……
e.g. TDD 28GHz
Carrier bandwidth, e.g. 400 MHz 12
K E Y AT T R I B U T E S O F R E L E A S E 1 5
• 5G NR Release 15
• A revolution from LTE-A
• Key challenges
• Bandwidth
• mmWave frequency
• # subcarriers
• Implementation of 256
QAM and MIMO
Frequency Range 1: 450 MHz – 6000 MHz
Frequency
Frequency Range 2: 24.25 to 52.6 GHz
Transmission FR1: 5 to 100 MHz
Bandwidths (CC) FR2: 50 to 400 MHz
FR1: 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz
Sub Carrier Spacing
FR2: 60 kHz, 120 kHz, 240 kHz
Maximum number of
3276 (up to 4096 FFTs)
Subcarriers
Up to 8 carriers, maximum BW of 400 MHz (FR1) and
Carrier Aggregation
1200 MHz / 1600 MHz (FR2)
• CP-OFDM (UL/DL): QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and
256QAM
Waveform & Modulation • DFT-s-OFDM (UL): π/2-BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM,
64QAM and 256QAM
MIMO Up to 8 layers in downlink, up to 4 layers in the uplink
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 D I F F E R E N T I M P L E M E N T AT I O N S U N D E R 6 G H Z & M M W AV E

< 6 GHz (FR1) mmWave (FR2)

Deployment Macro cells Small cells
Scenario High user mobility Low user mobility
Less MIMO order
MIMO Order Up to 8x8
(typically 2x2)
Number of
Tens of users A few users
Simultaneous
Large coverage area Small coverage area
Users
Spatial multiplexing
Beam steering for
Main Benefit “Null-forming” for reduced
single user
interference
Channel
Rich multipath propagation A few propagation paths
Characteristics
Both sub 6 GHz MIMO and
mmWave MIMO will require
High, due to the spatial Lower spectral efficiency
Spectral Efficiency
multiplexing (few users, high path loss)
better beam management and
over-the-air validation

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D R I V I N G I N T E G R AT I O N

Modem
Application

< 6GHz
BaseBand IC RF Transceiver
Processor PA/FEM
(BB-IC) IQ (RF-IC)
(AP)

Modem
Application Phased-array
mmW

BaseBand IC
Processor Transceiver IC
(BB-IC) IF
(AP) (RF-IC)

Transceiver Characterization
• RF: Super-heterodyne receiver (two-step) • mmWave: homodyne receiver (direct
conversion)

• RF: separated PA/FEM and antenna • mmWave: Phased-array Transceiver IC and

antenna array

• RF: antenna cable connector • mmWave: Antenna on-chip (no RF connector

port, Test OTA)
© Copyright 2018 Keysight Technologies 15
3 G P P T R 3 8 . 8 1 0 S T U D Y O N T E S T M E T H O D S ( O TA )

DFF (Direct Far Field) IFF (CATR) NF-TF (Near Field with
Transform)

Single panel • Tx / Rx ✓ Tx / Rx • Tx Only

(Cat 1) • High MU ✓ Lowest MU • N/A for RX tests
• Max D= 5cm ✓ No Declaration • Max D= 5cm
• UE Declaration (Blackbox) • UE Declaration required
Required
Multi-panel • Tx / Rx ✓ Tx / Rx Not Applicable/Approved
with no • Additional MU factor ✓ Lowest MU
coherence on Rx ✓ No Declaration
(Cat 2) • Max D= 5cm (Blackbox)
• UE Declaration
Required
Multi-panel Not Applicable/Approved ✓ Tx / Rx Not Applicable/Approved
with ✓ Lowest MU
coherence ✓ No Declaration
(Cat 3) (Blackbox)
MU = Measurement Uncertainty 16
• Opening Up Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
• Challenges of Very-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 5G NR
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 802.11ay
• New R&D Testbed for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Summary and Additional Resources

© Keysight Technologies 2019 17

 6 0 G H Z : 8 0 2 . 1 1 A D / AY
Using unlicensed spectrum at mmWave band

• 802.11ad, published in 2012, was the first of the new specific-use

Wi-Fi standards, created to facilitate very-high-speed data transfer
using the 60-GHz band.
Amplitude
EVM = 5.55% • DMG (Directional Multi-Gigabit)
EVM = 2.43%
PHY
• Bandwidth: 2.16GHz
• Single Carrier: QAM (OFDM Obsoleted)
• Beam Steering Complex
Equalizer
• IEEE 802.11ay is the next-generation wireless standard at 60 GHz,
Response
an extension of the existing 11ad, aimed to extend the throughput,
Phase
range and use-cases, and is expected to be completed in 2019.
Draft 2.1 in Oct, 2018.

• Enables at least one mode of operation capable of supporting a

802.11ad and 802.11ay channels maximum throughput of at least 20Gbps, while
Support of 2.16 GHz channels and channel bonding of two 2.16 GHz maintaining/improving the power efficiency.
channels, or 4.32 GHz, is mandatory for EDMG STA
• EDMG (Enhanced DMG) PHY, backward compatibility with 11ad,
add support for space-time streams, DL MU transmissions and
Channel aggregation and bonding of three or four 2.16 GHz channels is
multiple channel widths.
optional.
Ref: IEEE P802.11ay/D1.4, Jul 2018 (http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgay_update.htm)
© Keysight Technologies 2019 18
WORLDWIDE SPECTRUM

• Advantages of 60GHz band

• Large spectrum
• Small antenna size
Amplitude
EVM = 5.55%
• Beamforming
EVM = 2.43%
• Directional antennas for spatial reuse
• Low interference
Complex
• Increased Equalizer
security
Response
• Disadvantages of 60GHz Phase
band
• Large attenuation and oxygen
absorption
• Directional deafness
• Easily blocked

Ref: WFA, Wi-Fi CERTIFIED WiGig Messaging Architecture v1.0

Directional transmission with large arrays provides necessary gain
© Keysight Technologies 2019 19
 U N D E R C O N S I D E R AT I O N F O R S T A N D A R D D E F I N I T I O N

Usage model Target data rate Other requirements

Ultra Short Range (USR) Communications 10 Gbps Transaction time: <1sec

8K UHD Wireless Transfer at Smart Home >28 Gbps latency < 5ms, jitter<5ms

AR/VR Headsets and Other High-End Wearables 20 Gbps latency < 5 ms, jitter <5 ms, PER<10E-2

Data Center 11ay Inter-Rack Connectivity >20 Gbps PER<10E-2; Link setup time < 100ms

Video/Mass-Data Distribution/Video on Demand System 20 Gbps Distance < 100m

Mobile Offloading and Multi-Band Operation (MBO) 20 Gbps Handoff disconnection <100ms, PER<10E-2.

Mobile Fronthauling 20 Gbps 99.99% reliability and availability

Wireless Backhauling 2~20 Gbps 99.99% reliability and availability

Latency <35ms

Office docking 10-20 Gbps Multiple simultaneous high performance links

mmWave Distribution Network >4 Gbps Latency: < 2~15ms

USR Wireless Docking 1 -10 Gbps Latency; 10~50ms

Ref: IEEE 802.11-2-15/0625r7; Requirements for applications described
© Keysight Technologies 2019 20
• Opening Up Millimeter-Wave Spectrum
• Challenges of Very-Wideband Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 5G NR
• Emerging Millimeter-Wave Application Example: 802.11ay
• New R&D Testbed for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Applications
• Summary and Additional Resources

© Keysight Technologies 2019 21

A REAL EXAMPLE

Computer
Software

Scope UXA
Analysis Analysis

M8190A
Baseband

LO’s
PSG MXG
IF

VDI VDI
Up Converter Down Converter

Isolator, Bandpass Filter, Attenuator 22

 S-series
8 GHz Infiniium oscilloscope

✓
Replace MXG LOs with PSG LOs for better
performance

✓ PSG LOs for best performance

Use higher-performance oscilloscope and

M8195A
65 GSa/s Arbitrary waveform generator

N5183B
MXG Signal generator

V-band converters
(E-band are shown here) © Keysight Technologies 2019 23
M 8 1 9 5 A A W G A S A W I D E B A N D 8 0 2 . 1 1 AY I F S O U R C E

M8195A 4 GHz 33 GHz 802.11ay MCS 12 802.11ay MCS 20

AWG Scope -37.03 dB (1.41%) with WWC cal -37.09 dB (1.39%) with WWC cal

MCS 12, 4GHz IF M8195→ 33 GHz Scope, WWC Cal MCS 20, 4GHz IF M8195→ 33 GHz Scope, WWC Cal

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© Keysight Technologies 2019
8 0 2 . 1 1 AY m m W AV E P E R F O R M A N C E , 4 G H Z → 6 1 . 5 6 G H Z → 4 G H Z , W I T H W W C C A L

VDI 61.56 GHz VDI 4 GHz 33 GHz MCS 12 MCS 20

M8195A 4 GHz
Up Down Scope -35.19 dB (1.74%) with WWC cal -34.96 dB (1.78%) with WWC cal
AWG conv conv
Amp, Filter, Atten

MCS 12, 4GHz IF M8195→ VDI Up/Down → Scope, WWC Cal MCS 20, 4GHz IF M8195→ VDI Up/Down → Scope, WWC Cal

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© Keysight Technologies 2019
 N E W W I D E B A N D R & D T E S T B E D F O R E M E R G I N G 5 G N R , 8 0 2 . 1 1 AY A P P L I C AT I O N S

4.32 GHz 802.11ay Example at European Microwave 2018

Very Clean MCS20 64 QAM Constellation

EVM = 1.54%
New 110 GHz UXR
New M8131A Digitizer
M8195A AWG
PSG LO 110 GHz N9041B UXA

VDI Upconverter, Amp, Filter, Horn Antennas

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© Keysight Technologies 2019 Measurement Performed after WWC Cal
© Keysight Technologies 2019 27