Steady state Analysis

of Transmission lines
Classification of Transmission lines
● Short Line [ less than 80 Km]
● Medium Line [ 80 – 160 Km]
● Long Line [ greater than160 Km]
Short Transmission line
Medium Transmission line
● Nominal T Model ● Sending End ‘C’ ● Nominal π Model
Model
Long Transmission line
ABCB Parameters
ABCB Parameters Symmetrical and Reciprocal
Network
ABCD parameters of Cascaded Transmission lines
ABCD parameters of Short Transmission line
Phasor Diagram Short Transmission line
Voltage Regulation
Condition for Max and Zero VR
Voltage Regulation Diagram
● The voltage for leading pf will always be less than R% of TL
● At unity pf the voltage is equal to R%
ABCD parameters [Nominal 𝝅 Model]
ABCD parameters [Nominal 𝑻 Model]
ABCD parameters [Sending End C model]
ABCD parameters [Receiving End C model]
Receiving End C model [ Ferranti Effect ]
● Under No load or light load conditions, the magnitude of receiving end voltage may be
more than sending end voltage, which is called as Ferranti Effect. This is due to
charging current carried by the line
Long Transmission Line
Equivalent Networks of Long Transmission Line
[𝝅 - model]
Equivalent Networks of Long Transmission Line
[T - model]
Approximate ABCD parameters of long power line
Power Transfer equations
Condition for Maximum power transfer
Power angle Curve
Surge Impedance / Characteristic Impedance /
Natural Impedance
Surge impedance Loading
Surge impedance Loading
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4

X
Q5
Q6
Q7
Q8
Q9
Q10