NTCC CAPSTONE PRESENTATION

Factors Affecting Quality of Construction

Projects in India

Faculty Guide:
Mr. Omar Bashir
Assistant Prof. SOC Ayush Khandelwal
RICS SBE A13559017183
 NTCC CAPSTONE PRESENTATION

Aim

Aim: The purpose for this research is to identify the factors influencing quality of
construction projects in India.
Objectives:

► “How much Construction equipment affect the quality of projects.

► How much Availability/Non-availability of Funds affect the quality of projects.

► How much Construction materials influence the quality of projects.

► How the presence or absence of Trained personnel influence the quality of projects

► How Availability of labor affect the quality of projects and many such factors.

► And many other factors & also

► To provide solution for all the major identified factors”.

 Research Significance

 Sheds light on factors influencing quality of construction projects in India.

 Applicable and useful for various project participants or stakeholders such as

Government organisations like PWD , CPWD, Architects, Quantity Surveyors,
project managers, contractors, Students, construction management authority ,
financial institutions, students, professionals.

 All the project participants or stakeholders to make correct decisions when they
are investing in any projects

 It will assist contractors in highlighting the various pit-falls so that they can
execute work as per quality and refrain from being black listed.

 Contractors to understand the nature of the materials market so they can bid well
and which will help them for securing works against tenders.
Methodology

LITERATURE Review

PREPARATION OF
QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAIRE
SURVEY

DATA COLLECTION

Identification and Ranking

of quality factors using
SPSS and excel

CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATION
 Literature review

The following are the factors which were found out during literature review of
various Indian and foreign Authors:
Author Factors
Generic factors
Management commitment for continous quality improvement
management leadership in promoting high process quality
quality training of personnel
David Arditi.,& H. Murat Gunaydin.
efficient teamwork to promote quality issues to corporate level
(1998), ‘Factors that affect process
effective cooperation between parties taking part in project
Quality in the life cycle of building
Industry specific factors
projects’, Journal of Constr. Eng.
Selection of designers and contractors on merit
Manage, ASCE.,Vol.124, pp.194-203.
communcation practices between parties
inspection of quality on site
buidling operation manual that is thorough
adequate operation and maintainence budget that is planned early at design phase

Critical success factors

K. N. Jha & K. C. Iyer (2006) Critical
Factors Affecting Quality Performance
in
Construction Projects, Total Quality
Management and Business Excellence,
17:9, 1155-1170, DOI:
10.1080/14783360600750444
Project manager competence
top management support
Monitoring and feedback by by project particpants
nteraction among project participants
owners’ competence.
Failure factors
conflict among project participants
hostile socio-economic environment
harsh climatic condition
faulty project conceptualization
PM’s ignorance & lack of knowledge
aggressive competition during tendering

Made in Excel
 Literature review
1) Cos t
2) Time
3) Innovation and learning
4) Client s atis faction
5) Environmental factors
6) Health is s ues
7) Size and value of the project
8) Improper records of the labours day work
9) Complexity of the project
10) Availability of labour near s ite
11) Availability of s killed labour
12) Poor cos t control of equipment
AN EMPRICAL 13) Improper Equipment utilization in s ite
14) Decis ion at right time
STUDY ON FACTORS 15) Non-s upport by the management
16) Negative attitude of contractors , labours .
AFFECTING 17) Payment to workers
18) Oppos ition of political environment
THE QUALITY IN 19) Amount of work s toppage
20) Expiry of Guarantee
CONSTRUCTION 21) Drawing with les s details
22) Inexperienced s taff s upervis ion
PROJECTK. 23) No raw material acces s places

Rajkumar1, S. 24) Ins ufficient cas h flow by contactors

25) Low quality raw material

Kavin2, S. 26) Scale ratio problem in des ign

27) Unclear s ite layout

Jagadeesh3, 28) Poor labour management

29) No s afety programs to labours
30) Acces s to s ite is difficult
31) Des ign codes & s tandards ,
32) Financial is s ues ,
33) Cus tomer s atis faction,
34) Planning and s cheduling,
35) Materials and equipments ,
36) Human res ources ,
37) Coordination,
38) Ins pection,
39) Ris k,
40) Method of execution and
41) Type of organization.
 Literature review

Design
i)Completeness and consistency of design document
ii)Drawings are prepared in full details
iii)Conformance to codes and standards
iv)Adherence to specifications
International Journal of Latest Trends
v)Bill of quantity is detailed and accurate
in Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
2
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
Contract
Quality Performance of Construction
i)Cooperation between parties involved in contract
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar
ii)Pervious successful relations between parties
iii)A written contract with clear conditions
iv)Using a standard contract
v)Types of awarding system
3
Material
i)Using a comprehensive material management system
ii)Cooperation between contractor and material suppliers
iii) Availability of good quality construction materials
iv)Using storage and handling system
v)Construction materials monopoly
 Literature review
4
Labor
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
i)Labor management system
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
ii)Using labor with high experience
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
iii)Using motivation system
Quality Performance of Construction
iv)Training courses for labor
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar
v)Income level and wages of labor
5
Equipment
i)Availability of equipment
ii)Equipment management system
iii) Measurement of equipment productivity
iv)Good utilization of equipment
v)Equipment maintenance

Sub-Contractors
i)Company’s procedures of selecting subcontractors
ii)High cooperation between subcontractors and general
contractor
iii)Using a system to evaluate subcontractors performance
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
iv)Good and fair subcontract conditions
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
7
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
Site layout
Quality Performance of Construction
i)Site layout is large
W. Femina, D.Jackson,B.Rajkumar
ii)Site layout is organized well
iii)Site layout has storage areas for materials
iv)Site layout is clean
8
Systems
 Literature review

v)Implementing a safety program

9
Site staff
i)Cooperation between Supervision and Contractor’s staff
ii)Understanding of contract administration by Supervision
iii)Skill and experience of Supervision staff
iv) Skill and experience of Contractor’s staff
10
nternational Journal of Latest Trends in
Execution
Engineering and Technology (IJLTET)
i)Using integrated project execution system
Study on Critical Factors affecting the
ii)Testing for final products only
iii)Clear procedure for accepting performed activities
iv)Preparing and using shop drawings
11
Financial Issues
i)Amount of contractor’s cash flow
ii)Non-delay of interim payments
12
Environment
i)Socio-economic environment
ii)Stability of Political environment
 Questionnaire Design

• “Likert scale”
• Likert’s scale was named so as it was invented by psychologist Rensis Likert.
• A similar scale was employed here giving options to respondents.

• The version of Likert’s scale which was used here was corresponding to

 “Very low extent “

 “Low extent”

 “Moderate extent”

 “High extent”

 “Very High extent”

Demographic Profile of Respondents
Data Analysis

► Reliability Test (Cronbach’s Alpha)

 Factors ,RII & Rank
Factors RII RANK
Design related factors 0.822
(Specifications,Conformance to codes & 0.800 4
0.806 0.806
completeness) 0.800
0.792 0.792
Materials selection ,usage and
0.806 2 0.778
management 0.772 0.775 0.775

Lack of Communication 0.806 2

0.750
Selection , Availability and usage of 0.739
0.711 13
equipment
0.711
Top management's support 0.772 10

Project manager's Competence 0.792 5

Labour related factors 0.778 7

RII
Selection of Designers and sub-contractors 0.775 8
Design
Financi
related
Financial issues(Cash flow,liquidity,profit Selecti al
0.822 1 factors Materi
on , Selecti issues( Experie
and cost of rework) (Specifi als Top
Availab Project on of Cash System Integra nce,skil
cations, selectio Lack of manag Contra
ility manag Labour Design flow,liq s of ted l, and
Systems of Quality and safety 0.775 8 Confor n Comm ement' ct
and er's related ers and uidity,p Quality project co-
mance ,usage unicati s related
usage Compe factors sub- rofit and executi operati
to and on suppor factors
of tence contrac and safety on on of
Integrated project execution 0.750 11 codes manag t
equipm tors cost of site
& ement
ent rework staff
comple
Contract related factors 0.739 12 )
teness)
RII 0.800 0.806 0.806 0.711 0.772 0.792 0.778 0.775 0.822 0.775 0.750 0.739 0.792
Experience,skill, and co-operation of site
0.792 5
staff
Conclusion and Recommendation

 Financial issues like cashflow of contractor, profit and cost of rework (if known) can
help in better quality of the project in Indian scenario.

 High quality advanced materials should be selected and properly managed in order to
maintain the quality of project.

 Communication between all the participants of the projects should be continuous and
effective. Communications programmes should be incorporated to develop effective
communication in project.

 Design needs to be more clear and concise and should be prepared by expert
professionals in accordance with standards and codes.

 Proper training programmes should be included to train the site staff of both
contractor and client. A selection criteria should be developed based on the skills
required in site.
 Conclusion and Recommendation

► Project manager is the key person for the success of the project and should be highly
competent.

► Labours are the first person from which quality gets affected and should be properly
manged trained and selected on basis of their skills.
► Proper system for quality and safety should be developed at organisation’s level and
should be followed religiously.

► Designers and sub-contractors should be selected purely on the basis of their

experience and skill.
► Top management should support and should develop a regular checking and
analysing system in order to support the staff and motivate for quality.

► Regular maintenance of the construction equipment should be done in order to

manage them effectively. Durable equipment equipped with advanced technology
should be purchased and used
 References

► Khandelwal, A., 2019. Factors affecting Quality of projects in India. Noida:

RICS School of built environment.