gi SEQUENCE epee is a function those domain isthe set N of natural numbers yscwstomary to denote a sequence by a letter ‘a’ and the te domain for every sequence is the set N of na by its range. The images of 1, 2,3, . image a(n) of n < N underaby a,. Since tural numbers, therefore a sequence is “My. under a sequence ‘a’ are generally denoted ly denot fy By 837 ++ ny --TeSpectively. a1, a, a3, 9, -..are known as first term, second term...., nth by sm... Fespectively of the sequence. If g, is the nth term of a sequence, a’ then we write =< by > eu SEQUENCE A sequence whose range is a subset of R is called a real sequence. Inater words, a real sequence is a function with domain N and the range a subset of the set R of real sumbers. SEPRESENTATION OF ASEQUENCE There are several ways of representing a real sequence. One way to represent a real sequence is to list its first few terms till the rule for writing down other terms becomes clear. For example, 1, 3, 5, ... is a sequence whose nth term is (2-1). Another way to representa real sequence is to give a rule of writing the nth term of the sequence. Forexample, the sequence 1, 3, 5, 7, ... can be written as @, = 2n -1, Sometimes we represent a real sequence by using a recursive relation. For example, the Fhonacci sequence is given by 4 =1, ay =1and a , 1 =a +4 yn22 Theterms of this sequence are 1, 1, 2, 3, 5,8, ...- ILLUSTRATION 1 Give first 3 terms of the sequence defined by a = n SOWMON Puttingn=1, 2, 3 ind, =—> ye we ie 1 22, eee a= e = and 43 => “49 yi 2’ 2 ai 5 TMUSTRATION 2 Find the first four terms of the sequence whose first term is 1 and whose (n+ 1)th ‘emis obtained by subtracting n from its nth term. SOUTION We are given that aj =1and a+ 1=4%—™ ingn =1, we obtain [fe a =11 % =a; ~1=> a) =1-1=0 Futing n=2, we obtain 3 =a) ~2=> a3 =0-2=-2 1, by putting n = 3, we obtain % =a, ~3=-2-3=-5192 Way 09,03, 840.0, sasquence, then the expression 0+ ay ay +a + +44. A series i finite or infinite according asthe numberof terms inthe corresponding sung finite or infinite ae Itisnot necessary that the terms ofa sequence always fellow are described by some explicit formula forthe patterns are called progressions certain pater Those sequences whase terms fllaa In this chapter, we shall study arithmetical progressions as defined below A sequence scaled an arithmetic progression ifthe diference of term and the previous tems ie +174 = constant (=4) for alle N The constant difference, generally denoted by dis called the common difference 14,7, 10, an A.P. whose first term is 1 and the common differences 4-1-3 tcommon diffrence 7-M=-4 Imorder to determine whether a sequence is an A.P. or not when its nth term i given, Wem use the following algorithm. Obtain ay Replace by n+ 1 in to set Calculate 1 ~ ay rot an AP BY Ifdys 14 is independent ofn the given sequence is an A.P. Otherwise i Following examples illustrate the procedure: ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES A EXAMPLE En pe Show tat the sequence defined bya, = 4+ 5isan A.P. Also, find itscommo SOLUTION Wehave, a, =4n+5 Replacing n by +1), we get Ger = M41) +5 = dno Bye i— my = (n+ 9)—(an+5) = 4 Clearly, 1~4 is independent of n and is equal to 4 So, the given sequence is an A.P. with common difference 4 Show thatthe sequence defined by a = 2n?-+1 isnot an AP. SOLUTION Weave, 4 =212 +1 Repl ing m by (n+ 1) in gy we obtain Set = nest a2? 4 dnd faethe = (i + An4 3) (20? 41) nor at Clearly 4. 1 = 4ysn0t independent of and is therefore not constant So, the notan AP. sh vat he sb sownON We have, og * This shows that the difference of aterm and the preceding term i always same. Hence the given sequence forms an AP. From the symmetry, we obtain a ses a atl adh > oi = bog| Z “(S sera bo 25) try Clay. cost fra an of Se given saqunce isan AP. with common diference 2) evel? Uh Slow tat semen ean Aft thesia ereson nn and inch ce 2. Find "or n= 1,2,3,4,5. ince ‘Show that each ofthe following sequences is an A.P, Also, find the common differen write 3 more terms in each case. @ 3.-1,-5,-9 (i) =1,1/4, 372.1174, (ii) V2, 3425/2, 7) (iv) 9.7.5.3, The nt term ofa sequence is given by 4 =2+7. Show that itis an AP. Ako find 7 The n term ofa sequence is given by 4 =2n? + 1+ 1. Show that itis not an AP. ANE 7 3yay = May = 35,04 = 17 @ a =1,4 pate ay=2,04 3-5 i) oy=2.ey @-4 @> GAZ G2 22 - es ‘LecreD PROBL HINTS TO NCERT & SEt Wehave,a, =3and a =34,_) +2 forn>1 a = 34,42 and, ay = 34542 © Gi)’ Weave, 4342 = 11, a5 33542 = 107, and ay =a ~1 for >2 ip T=1-1=0 and, as i and = + oy > form>2. ay = 4a = 141 = 2, y= ayem = 2413 Bay 42 = 3x1142 = 35 1-0-1 B= ty = 34225, wemen 543 = 8 &, and = Weave tofind ** format, 2, 3,4,5. ie. %, yay ay ay aruThETIC PROGRESSIONS my) pe 2 larly, @ bof 222, Cet a ee Wehave, y= 2047 yy =n 1) + se 1 ty =(2n + 9) (2+ 7) =2( a constant). So, the sequence isan AP. Show that, 1~4 isnot independent of Ge..ERAL TERM OF AN AP. open) Let ab the first term and d be the common difeence of an AP. Then, its nth term is Lore idieg, a+ (nd et ay 5 4 be the geen AP. Then, y= First erm: > masta By the definition, we have a, = dm = 4 rdom = ardoe = asQ-1d d=2y = 644-4 ~(0+d) +d 24g = 0+ May = 443-1 ty ay =d> a4 = 054d ay a(@+ 24d ay = 443d ey =e rA—1d Silay a5 0+ (5—1) dag =0-+(6=1) dor y= + (0D dhe Hence nth term of an AP with frst term # and common differenced is 18 OF AN A.P. FROM THE END Letabe the fist erm and be de common diference ofan AP. having m terms. Then, n term from the end is =n-+ 1" term from the beginning: aterm from the end = gyn 1 angel for inting the term fom the end, we may take ys the ist erm and =a the common Taking as(n-ns1-Dd = 2s the first term and common diference equal t= we find that vi term from the end = dy +(0=1) (=A) ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES a (reer) "pe ow Roma THE NOICATED TERM OF ANAP. Sieur Show hat he seuenc 9 12, 15,18, isan AP. Find ts 10h ermard the general em SOUMION Clearly, (12-9) (0512) «(18—15)=3, s0 the given Sequence isan AP. with ‘ommon differenced and fist term #=3. 16th tern = ayg = w-(6—)d = a+ 15d= 9415x354 fe = ant) al 2 General term = nih term =a =# + (81) d= 94(n—1)x 3 = S85 6 caserte > Show thatthe soquence oat (ab lo (ab) og (ab?) isan A. Find its nth term. SOUMON Weave, tog t-te bs a corte ss) ba) =hy| oie196 Te follow from the above results thatthe difference ofa erm and the pre same. So, the given sequence isan A.P. with common difference log hE aay & = a+(n—1)d > = log a+ (m1) log = log a+ log "=! = Jog (at"=1) 70,68, 66,840 Which term ofthe sequence SOLUTION Clearly, the given sequence is an A.P. with first term a = d=-2 Letits nth term be 40 ‘72. and common dite ie a, =40 > as(n-tyd=40 > 2+ (n-1)(-2) = 40 beg = arena 3 2-42 = 03 m= 35 n-17 Hence, 17th term of the given sequence is 40. Which term of e Sequence 4, 9,14, 19, is 124? SOLUTION Clearly, the given sequence is an A.P. with first term 4=5.Let 124 be the nth term ofthe given sequence. Then, & = 124-204 (n-1)d = 124 44 (0 Hence, 25th term ofthe given sequence is 124 4.and common different x5 = 124m = 25 How many terms are therein the sequence 3, 6,9, 12, ., 111? SOLUTION | Clearly, the given sequence is an A.P. with frst term a = 3 and common difeest Let there be terms in the given sequence. Then, => a+(n—1d n® term 11=> 34 (n=1)x 3=111 2 n= 37 Thus, the given sequence contains 37 terms, 15184 aterm of the sequence 11,7 SOLUTION, Clearly, the given sequence isan A.P. with first terma=3.and common dere Let the nth term of the given sequence be 184. Then, % 18590 = 465 184 a+ (m1) d = 184-5 3+ (n-1) x4 = 184-5 4n Since m is not a natural number So, 184 is nota term of the given sequence yt 3 18117 ena s SOLUTION. The given sequence is an A.P. in which frst term Let the th term ofthe given A.P. be the frst negative term. Then, Which term of the sequence 20,19 is the first negative 10 and common ifr <0 > at(n-aco 2 = WH (-3/4) <0 > BM <9 63-31 0-9 n> W275 q the giv Since 28 the natural number just greater han 272, Son = 28 Ths, 28 em 3 ‘sequence is the first negative term, mosis SOLUTION The given sequence is clearly an A.P. with first term a= 8-6 difference d =-1+ 2, The nth term of the given AP. is given by 197 + (1-1) d = 8-6 +(n-1)(-1+2) = =m) +42n-8) { Let the ms term of the given sequence be purely real. Then, dy is purely real 8) is purely real => 2n-8 = 0-3 = 4 purely real. Ath term ofthe given sequence i) Let the nth term of the given sequence be purely imaginary. Then, a s purely imaginary 5) i purely imaginary (0-m +i Thus, th term ofthe given sequence is purely imaginary. If pth, qth and rth terms ofan A.P. area, be respectively, then show that i) ag) +H0-p)+ep-@=0 i (a=Hr+(—Ap+(e-a)q=0 [NCERT] SOLUTION Let A be the first term and D be the common difference of the given A.P. Then, a= pth term=> a = A+(p-1)D “ b = qth term=>b = A+@q-)D ci) © = nh terme = A4(-1)D a4 () Substituting these values of, b ¢ ina (qr) +b (=p) +€(p~9), we obtain 29-1) +bir—p) +e(—@) [4 +(p-DDIGq—n) +14 +G-1 DI rp) +14 4-9 DI pa) AKa~")+(—p) +(P—9h + Dip —1) (a— +9-D =p) +(F-1) (pa A.0+DIp(q-+4(0—p) +r (9-9 -(---P) 9-9) =4.0+D.0=0 (9) On subtracting (i) from (i rom (i) and (i rom (i), we get ab = =D liv) -9 = Q-ND mle) 6-8 = (F=pD i) Hrs @-@Dr+(q-NDp+(r-p)Dg = Diip-ar+(q-np+(r-p) ‘Show thatthe sum of m-+m)!" and (mn) term of an A.P. és equal to tvice the mi™ term. (NCERT] SOLUTION Let abe the first term and d be the common different ofthe AP. Then, Seem = (men term = a +(m-+R—1)d and, dyn = (oe =n term = a (m—n—I) d op +(e-aq) a+ (ment) d+ (a-+(m-m-1) Lav (men-Lemon-Dd 244 2(m—1)d = 2las (nD ae vam lf tin the mh tra an AP tines them ow tha hem + ah tm ofthe Ais er. SOLUTION. Let the first term and be the common difference ofthe given A.P. Then, ‘mines erm = times nth erm ay = 4, mma + (m1) d)=nla¢ (2-14) Been tn > thease198 mla+(m—1) d)nla-+(n—1) d) =0 > alm =n) + {rm 1) —n(n—1)} 4-0 > am —n) +0 (mm) > mn) + (mn) (m+n=1)d=0 2 (=n) la+(m+n-1) dj =0 2 a+(m+n-1) bem Hence, them +)" term of the given AP. is zero, "he pth term of an A.P. is q and the g!* term is p, prove that its nth lm SOLUTION Let abe the frst term and d be the common difference ofthe given AP.Thas pth term = q=> a+(p~1)d ath term = p> a+(q-1)d = p Subtracting (i) from (i), we get 94 =G-p) = 4-1 Putting d=—1in (i), we get @ mth teem = a+ (1-1) d Ifthe mth ter (P+ q-1)+(n—1)x(-1) = (p+ q-n) ofa A.P. be I, and th term be T/m then show that its (mht SOLUTION” Leta and d be the first term and common difference respectively ofthe giv AP Then, j a Lannion te asieang On subacting from) get — ah 1 LE oranda «(men dad = Posing ¢ = in we gt TE EET er, (mnths term = a+ (mn —1) d= 5 (1) 1a mn ma oun ter fo xanapit is Determine the number of terms in the A.P. 3 7, 11. 407, Also, fd is treed. aire SOLUTION Cleary, the given sequence is an A.P. with frst term 3 and the commot 4. Let there ben terms inthe given AP. Then, 407 = mth term => 407 = 3+ (n=1) x 4-5 4n = 408-31 = 102 Now, 20th term from the end 102-20 hntrm fom bebe = 83rd tem from the beginning = 3-+(83 —1)* 4 in aueren, To find 20th term from the end, we consider the given sequence a5? ‘erm "407 and common difference ~4 20th term from the end = 407 + (20 —1) « (4) 3a anmrumeric PROGR! 198 SAMPLES Hoto many numbers SOLUTION First two digit number divisible by is 14and las two digit number divisible by 7is 5.50, we have to determine the numberof terms in the sequence 14,21, 28, .. 98 Let there ben ferms inthis sequence. Then, 98 = nth term => 98 = 14-+( 00 digits re divisible by 7? 737 = Sloan (Tevet) SOLITON Let, 6745, ye Be an AP contin aly of pea cromon different of hc AF, Sas the difference of Weegee ia ae anor onal tol Tecfore d>1 Now 1) term ofthis AP. = a na (+1 ied) > (a, +1)" term is not a prime number Thisis contradiction that the AP. consis of only prime numbers as its ers Hence there cannot bean AP. which consists only of itn prime numbers. ‘ Show that in am A.P. the som of he terms eqiistn rom he beginning and end is egal othe sumo fist anda rms INCERTEXEMPLAR] SOLUTION Let ay 82,45, 4, be an AP. with common difference Ten, ‘term fom the beginning = a = ay +(k-I) 4 ‘ed, it erm from the end = nk + Ih term from the besinning By -kst—1)d = ged (term from the beginning) + (term fom the end) = [aj eGk 1) dl +l +(n-B)dd= 2g sd a Hle) 1D l= a ay 8 mokg 1 ay Hy for alk = 1 2enum tot = a3 tn = tet 3 om oh [ens the sum of he terms equidistant rom the beginning and end is alWvays same and equal ‘othe sum of first and last terms NOTE Te statement of the above example may be tet as standard res Pantene pt terms and 3,5, 7,9, tpt 60 terms, ind Ts, Inthe arithmetiprogresions 2.5.8. "many terms are identi. “OLUTION Let the mth term of the fist AP be equal to the nth term of the second A.P. Then, 2s (mA) = 34(n-x2 Sm-1 = ane Sm = 2942 m nel m Mtl hay) 2s, ” m= 2k and m= 3k-1 250 and 3k-1560 K25 and ks204 ms50andn< 60} veuuus19.10 MATHEMATICS garHMETIC PROGRESSIONS > ks [+ kisa natural; ex nae (5 -4| ‘Corresponding to each value of k, we get a pair of identical terms, a Hence, there are 0 identical terms in the two APs. (a-VDWmHD _—mmy cee EXAMPLE 1s Find the number ofterms common tothe 0 AP's: 3,7, 11.407 and2, 9,17 aan + J) Tan Ye dla + Yan) ey SOLUTION Let the number of terms in two A.P’s be m and n respectively. Then, BAMPLEZL Ifa, dp, a, «dq Bean ALP. of non-zero terms, prov that 407 = mth term of first A.P, and, 709 = nth term of second A.P. 1 1 1 M7 = 34 (m—1)x4 and 709 = 2+(n-1)x7 0" a 83 et Ay x = on oa ae | scuuioN Let abe the common difference ofthe given AP. Then, So, each AP. consists of 102 terms. no +) -4 «ee Let pth term of frst A.P be identical to gth term of the second A.P. Then, i 2+(q-1)x7 = 74-5 = sp+4=74 = Med) = 74 ails BE . us Pe = 4 ~ koay) 1 3 83 1H = Pp =7k-1 and q = 4k | 1 {ap , (5 =e) , aaa) Gea Since each A.P. consists of 102 terms. @| aa * as * aymy Gai | psi02 and qsi02 ) > 7k-15102 and 4k 5102 1 (2 2).(2 2). > kad and k 5254 {la a) le as, 2 RSM b=1,2,3,0,14 = 11a} a fama) Corresponding to each vale of we get a pair of identical terms. ala a)" alam Hence, there are 14 identical terms in two A.P’s. RMR fay ty, agg gare AP with common BANTER Yay tartare in AP, whoreg>Ofrall to at = ; F shai (Cocco comet a + coec covey #8 < si eae ey tt a Sen a CERT EXEMPA etl Vines lon the VA cen XENIA SER Rehan ee . SOLUTION Let d be the common difference of the given A.P, Then “| 1 cose my + coset @, Coe aed ind in ‘ha; sings *Sinay sinay "sings sin a SE O-w a a 1 eer et. Bile Vals let Yate fa-Jm Diet rae Jan + Yau) (Yea — Jen) * Glas + lta) Jas — a2) G9 ard = > aay as > Cae os So Bwana a a3 Shere =-1 and d= 3, the numbers are ~4,=1, 2. When: ~~ 4.50, the numbers are=4, 12,062, —l—4 XAMOLE® Find our number in A. whose sm 20 andthe sum of whose gueres 6120, SOLUTION Let the numbers be (a ~ 39, (2d. (a-+ dh (a+ 34) There Sum = 20-5 (e~ 34) +(«-d)+ (or) +(@+ 38) = 20= 4a = 208 = 5 Sum ofthe squares =120, (2-3? (aa? +(a+a? ++ 3? = 1200 — ee 19.14 MATHEMATICS > 4a? +204? = 120 > P45i = 0 > 35 +54? = 390 ag = bh asad Ifd=1, and a=5,then the numbers are 2,4,6,8, If=—1, and a=5, then the numbers ae 8, 6, 4,2 Thus, the numbers are 2, 4,6,8 oF 8,6, 4,2. EXAMPLES Divide 32 into four parts which are in A.P. such thatthe product of extremes is tthe product of means is 7:15. SOLUTION Let the four parts be(a~ 3, (ad, (a+ d)and (a+ 3d, Then, Sum = 32 3 (-34) +(a-d)+(0+d)+ (a+ 3d = 32> 4a = R248 Itis given that the product of extremes sto tne product of means is 7:15 (a= 3d) (a+ 3d) 7 C-O(erd) “15 OE CEES De ery OEE YC 15” gg 15 © “Thus the four of 22 parts are 26,10, 14 e108 ‘When a =8and d = 2four parts are: 2, 6, 10, and 14. When 2 four parts are 14 and2. LEVEL? s tes EXAMPLES The product of thee numbers AP. 224 andthe largest number iste Prd scene aaa a rT NCERT EXEMPLA) SOLUTION Letthe three numbersin AP. bead, 4, a+ d,whered > 0.Cleary, a +s ‘number and a~d is the smallest number. It is given that Product of number L > (a-dya(a+d) =224 and, a+ d=7 (a = a(a?=d*)=224 and, 60 a => ae? a?) =224 and, 4 = o(2-28)-m 6 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS 1015 xameues Ifthe fourth power ofthe common difference ofan AP with integer entries is added to the pronuct of any four consecutive terms of it Prove thatthe resulting sum i the square ofan integer. SOLUTION Let a~ 3d, a—d,a-+ d+ 3d be four consecutive terms of an A.P. with integer terms. Clearly, the common difference is 2d. Since the terms are integers, therefore a and d are ako integers. Now, Given sum= (a~ 3d) (a~d) (a + d)(a + 3d) + (28) 9d?) (a? —d?) + 16d* = a 1007 a + 9d* + 1604 ~10a? d + 2544 :d?)?, which is square of an integer as @and d are integers. EXERCISE 103 “LEVEL 1. The sum of tre terms of an A. Is ae the prec ofthe ist andthe tied em caceds the second term by 6 Fd hee ers 2. Three numbers are in A.P. Ifthe sum ofthese numbers be 27 and the product 648, find the rumbers, 4. Find the four numbers in A.P, whose sum i 50 and in which the greatest number i times the least, 44 Thesum of three numbers in APs 22and the sum oftheir cubes is 288 Find the numbers. 5. Ifthe sum of three numbers in A.P. 24 and their product is 40, find the numbers, 178 2692 3,5,10,15,20 83.811 (6,757, 85%, 95% 105° = HINTS TO NCERT. 5 Let the three numbers be a=d,a,a +4 It is given thatthe rumbers are 24 and 40 iy. Therefore, i md sasaed= Mand em aera 30024 and a? a?) = $40 > @=8 and a(a? —d?)= 44019.16 arHeuaresy 185 SUMTOnTERMS OF AN AP. THEOREM Show ht sm Sof ems fa AP. fis em and common diene § = Bf on-nd or, (a+ D, where |= last term +(n— Mast, whee l= a PROOF Let, dy, be an A with ist teem 2 and common dferenc d-Then Beletesieta d)es\= a+ 24,0) = a's 04, arnt Now, S =A 4e testa girs SS aslerd+(es2) +s n+(e+(n-2) +lesn-d) rm Waiting the above serie ina reverse order, we get S. = la+(n-1) d)+(a+(n-2)dj+..¢(at doa i) ‘Adding the coresponding terms of) and (i), we gt 25, = (204 (n=1)dl + [20+ (n-1) 4)... [204 (0-1) > 2S = nla (n-1)4) [2a + (n=1) d repeats times) > = eee §- trend} Now, T= latter mes (nd $= trend} -2[es{arm nal] = "(a+ s-glarwnd fe feond] fe Aun Webuve) - Se 8142403 tot yg + yt Sy Fm ita 2 tay +a +m Adding corresponding terms in) and (i), we get 25, Haat 0) +a +8) (1 +5) +a +1) #(05 + 6-2) + = tm) +(e, +6) +16, +m) ro (0544) + +m) 4 = 2S = nla, +4) Ts oy ay iy + yes 1 EE = Sa Fite) pe sone = So Faravm-nd [eget er, = S{anen vg} ana yo ‘NOTEL Infrae, = {24-1 4h here arefor quanti vi Sy aad ET of thee are known, the fourth cam be determined Sometis to ofthese quantities a =" cases remaining to quate are provided by some ther relations “is INOTE2 If the sum §, of m terms of sequence is cen then th term a of he determined by the sing formal: a, = S51 {ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (ievert] Type ON FINOING THE SUM OF GIVEN NUMBER OF TERMS OF AN AP. Formula: S,="{24+(n-1)d} or 5 =%{a +t} [BAMPLE 1 Find the sum of20 terms of the AP. 14,7, 10, SOLUTION Leta be the first term and d be the common difference ofthe given A.P. Clearly, 72's We hivetotind thesumo20rmwer tu given AP, tings isda Beate a} wees fant +(20-1)x3 21 10*59=590 AMPLE? Find the sum ofthe series:5 +13 + 21 +...+ 181 SOLUTION The terms of the given series form an AP. with fist term ¢ = 5 and common Aiferenced = 8. Let there ben terms in the given series. Clearly, 4 = 181 a+ (ud = 181 > S+(n-1)x8 = 181 = Br = Ikon = 28 Required sum = 5 (4+) = ? (6 +181) = 2139. EXAMPLES Find the sum of ll thre digit natural umber, ohck are dsb by 7, SOLUTION The smallest and the largest numbers ofthe digits, which are divisible by 7 are 105 and 994 respectively. So, the sequence of three digit numbers which are divisible by 7 are 105,112, 19, .., 994. Clearly, these numbers are in AP. with frst term a = 105 and common Ailference d <7. Uetthere ben term in this sequence. Then, 4 = 994 => a (nI)d = 994-1056 (n—Dx7 = 986 = m= 128 equietsum = "{24(n-04} 123 {105 028 -)x7} «7086 AMPLE 4 Find the sum fal natural numbers between 20nd 1000 sichare excl dite y 3 SSUMION Clearly, the numbers between 250 and 1000 which are divisible By 3 are 252,255, 256, 989. These numbers are in AP. with fiat term a = 252, common difference =3.and last om 999, Let there be terms inthis AP Then, 4 = 999-> ae nal) d = 99> 252+(0-1)x3 = 9920 = 250 Required sum =5, = 2 +) = 22 asp + 9) 156975 "AMPS Find the sum ofl od integers een 2 nd 100 dis by 3. EQLUTON The od integers between 2 and 100 which are divi by 3 fc ieee “7S in this sequence. Then, Sh 4 = Boas (n-1)d> Sena = Bam =00 SSE Zee rare vaTaeuare 3 ede= 2 Aen Bs IE a) nf Sm = 2{2x-14(20 -» ie 5 <3 [arse g) - So EXAMPLE7 The sum of the ist four terms ofan A.P. is 56. The su ofthe as four terms is 112. fs first term s 11, then find the numberof terms. INCERT] SOLUTION Let there ber terms in the A.P. with first term.a-= 11 and common difference ts sven that Sum of iat four terms =56 ‘ {acne na} «36 2 bal = Bremen Itis also given that ‘Sum of last four terme 12 > ST 4 +0} = Saray a 4m. 3-56 fen) x2) +111 +492) =56 3 2242(2n-5) 56 = Wietonelt Hence, there are 11 terms inthe A. a EXAMPLES the sum rts ofan Pp gr, hee pan garni, fd difference. SOLUTION Let §, denote the sum of n terms and a, denote the nth term of the AP. The. Sori —ninSh > S-r=ptn-n+qin-1? [0n replacing "by Now, y= Si ~ 5,1 Salen ar) tp in—1) + gin 17) hye pn pint) + gn? ~qin-1)? = gepin—(—-0) + gf? -~1-1)4) = apt 4-1 So1=Peal2n—1)-1) Leta be the commen difference ofthe AP. Then, 4-4-1 = baby g(2n-0)-[p + 42@-1)-11] > d=(p+q(2n~1)) lp + 4(2n— 3) = dq(2n-1-20+ 3) =29 Hence, the common difference = 24, treptcing byte ARITHIIETIC PROGRESSIONS os wuts Ifthe sum of m terms of an AP. is 3x? + 5m and its mth term i 164, find the wale a NCERT] Pros Let, denote the sum ofnteme and be the them ofthe given APT Sy= 30? +e = $12 3(n-9? +5 (0-1 = 3 2 10m replacing nby (n—1) in Now, = S:~ Sp = =(3r? + 50) (3x? —n—2) = rns Now, Gy =164 [Given] > Gm4 2-164 = 6m =162 > m= EXAMPLE 10 ind the sum tom terms ofthe sequence gen by ay =5 ~ 67, €N. SOWTION We have, dy =5~ 6" fee 1=5-6(+ =—1 6 Sue = (160) -G~6r) = ~6,forallneN Since a. 1—4 is constant for all n€N. So, the given sequence is an A.P, with common Aiterence~6 ating Sth sum 5, ton torms ie given by S.= Fler +a) =F +5 -60) Su the erm fan Pend ete 1 2201) here man. SRLTON Leta the int em and de the common dference of the given AP. es given Lestecna! =i Seam SSbiractng (rom (), we get a (nama = 12nd = Thad = og Pang =n (we get even blond Son =? {246m yd} =1920 waTHeuancsn IXAMPLE12Howmny ers ofthe srs 54,51, hei sum i137 Epa double answer. ae SOLUTION Clearly, the given sequences an AP, wth ist ema = 5 an common dfn d=-3.Let thesum of n terms e513. Then S.=50 = 2}2a+(n -1)d} = 513 2 3 Bios 19-3} a513 = 9? —37n+ 32220 = 2-19 (n-19)-0 netted Here, the common difference is negative. So, the terms are in decreasing order and the value of 19" term is54 + (19-1) x -3=0. Thus, e sum of 18 terms as well a that of 19 terms i513. XAMPLEIS. Find the number of terms in the ser hich the su is 300, pit 20,19) 182,.ofw Bes the double answer, SOLUTION The given sequence is an A.P. with first term a = 20 and the common diferente = 2, Let the sum ofn terms be 300, Then, 300 Amman ii => Blax20+(n-1/-2)} = 610+ 900=0 = (n-25)(n-36)=0 5 ‘Sum of 25 terms 0%, 36 tm 036 terms = 300 Here, the common difference is negative therefore terms go on diminishing a becomes zero Altes following 3s term are negative. Tse negative terms when a8 Positive terms from 26 term to term they cancel out eachother and the Su 23 Hence the sum of 25 terms a wel as ha of 35 tens 90 BAMPLEN Sloe 1+ 6411 +16-+.-.41=148 SOLUTION Chery, terms of he given series form an AP. with first term = 1 differenced =5. Let there ben terms in his series, Then 1s6611 16toutx = 148 = Sumotnterms = 143 nd come” =F farote-nd) ene ora 0 (n-8) n+ 37) = 0 = 5{2+m- 4s} 148 = 5? — 3-296 Clearly, x =n" term, ended eas (n-1)d=14(6-1)x5=36 Tien _ saleMC PROGRESSIONS teat ants The sum ofthe first pr terms ofan A.P area, bc respectively. Show that 4@-n+2¢-p+20-9=0 INCERT] Palmas lene ScuvTON Let Abe theft term and D be the commen ference ofthe given AP, Then, P 4 aesumotprerns:> « = 2 {24+ 10] 22 a{2asi 9B} o samo Phase z ‘ » beSumot tems = 1{24+(g yp} 2% = {2a+%q 90} i) sumot t{2a+4 0} 2% = faaee sy cxsumotr mss aE 24 faree-no} iy PAs @-DIq-) =2Aq on =2Ax0+Dx0=0 PKAMPLE 6 The sum of 1, 2n, 3m terms of an AD. are Si, Sz» Ss respectively, Prove that 52315 5) z INCERT] SOLIMION Leta be the first term and d be the common ference of the given A.P. Then, 1A + (41D) (rp) +124 + (FDI = 9) 9 +Dip-H 4-0 +4-DO—+6-DD =a 1 = Sumofnterms = S, = "| 2a+(n-1)d) i) 41 Snatn ao) 6) =! oR) g im of 2 n terms => 28 {oa Qn ii) 5 = sam ot anima 5 «fare "LS, = samotntems - 6 =38{2¢4(04-1 4p 9 Nor 8-5, = fans an-n a} -2fanein-ng} © 8-5 tla {eeoan dh frre -d}]-4f2-ror-na] 365-5) = {20400 -0 4} 4) Fron 1 and weet ang 2) 53 S316» “These an ems of ie ric progression are SS and Theft term ‘Sunt and the comn difercs a 2 and 3 rete. roth +S, =2 Sy, TION We have, 7 S.= Sum of tems of an AP. wih fit erm Land somman ciferenee Ss fn sera} = fen ‘Sr = Sum of n terms of an A.P. with first term 1 and common difference 2eee 1922 : MATHEMATIESG ———_ytHilETIC PROGRESSIONS 1823 2 ae ouUTION Leta be the fist tem and d be the common diference ofthe given AP. Then, Sum of n terms of and AP. with first term 1 and common difference3 ay \ > =H {2x14(9 1x3} =" (0-1) {2am aah =5 {20+ (n-1)d] ’ ane m=) + m(m-1) n(n} = 0 Bue + Mann = 2 > 2alm=n) +n? 12) -(m np d = 0 a > (m-nRat(men-1)4 = 0 tag 5 s(men-Dd = 0 femme 0] (i) IFinan AP. the sum of mt the sum of trms is eal to me ae mon ge ae um of m+n) terms ism +n). Als, ind he sim of ist m1) ers (> Serna "P7 {20+ (ment) dp ox 0-0 {Using 0) NCERT EXEMPLAR) a SOLUTION Let rt a [AMPLE20 Thera ofthe sums of mand m terms ofan A.B. ism? 92, Show tht the ratio ofthe mth Letabethe fist term and be the common diferenc ofthe given AP The Tee INCERT] Se = n= cc m-+non—1) d = 2n 8) soumon’ Leta be the frst erm and the common difference ofthe given A.P. Then, the sums 2 Gf mand ers are given by | Bod = 8 l2e4 (eta) = m= 2en+n(n—1)d © Sn = {20+ (m-i)a} on "fae (n-0 d} respectively. : {anemia} and, 5 = 2{2ae(0-4} rpc Subtracting (i) from (), we get 1s given that 2a(m =n) + [mn —1) n(n) d= 2e— 2 a ! +o =n) (m - om») e 5 na) d=-2 On dividing both sdesby (ml 2 | aa {On alviing both {>a +(m- 4} Noe, Suen = ME aes non a . fog aan Jang il F2eein—adl Sans t uses 2 } = BHm-Dd n= — (m+n) aed From (ii), we obtain merry f ) 2 astm —1)d)n = (a+ (n-0 dm i ‘Substituting this value of 2a in (i), we obtain Sy Mine ino aay m(m+n-1) dm (m1) d= 2n id Simm) = din-m i 3{men 428 i eas oira) Ty at0n=1)d _ as(n-0 28 i Bg casa) 1 aeGond ” aD j utting d 27 in (iv), we obtain AMPLE 2 The, -a polygon are in A.P. The smallest angle i 120° and the common i ti) Breas Find eam foie he NTO INcERT er ae ET) SOLUTION Let there be n sides ofthe polygon. Then, the sum of its interior angles i given by Now. S 4) non" {20+ (m-n—1)d a Snot na} oa sist (em eae oo) using ©) ee 2 > {2+ 2 tmen-ty ons 2 on-n-a oe) * (and (i, ee get i mn in (m~2)x 180° = 2 {2x 120° + (n-1) x 5° = SeneBtf 25 Meee} Lon 29 af a= tet (2) 360 = m(Gn +235) st ters RT s nn EXAMPLEI9 fhe sum offirst m term ofan A.P. i the same asthe sum ofits ince P25 4144 = 0 = (n- 16 (0-9) = 0 9 = 1608 the sum ofits +n) terms sero,er re28 MATHEMATICS For n=16, we ob Last angle=a, = 120° + (16-1) = tastane 195° , which is not possible Saris Theft seaman AF pectoey,Proe tht hema aose INCERT EXEMPLAR, difference of the given AP. Then, 4 = ba Lela : : bb debd 7 Using: 5, = 508) gg 2feenacans : ia ‘ (n+) d ond) me for itad ais LEVEL? ivi wouseri oreo Bare constants est SULTON ‘Lat be the sum of x ers ofan AP with fetter «ane ome, s-i{aro-n j= anrueTic PROGRESSIONS 1925 : 4 12 + Bn, where A = 4 and B= 4 Art + Bn, $ 5 a spn sum of era an AP ofthe form A+ Be aoe rte nme a seme fy =A bel eed show that the sequence san AP. Then we have t Wenave, 5, = An? + Br 3 he Aint + BOD) {0m replacing by "1 Now, : Br laa Bek [A or-0? + BD) = 2Ane BA) > may Ame +B-A (On replacing m by m+ 11 eta ee) + B=Al-(2Ane (Aad Caaty. sr IN. so the sequences an A. with common dilfrens 2 1 esi tat a sequence an AP. the um fits hers ef the aa oie raatnatic xprenion ned ch Se st of 2, For example, Sy = 3? +2 one cam esl yt 12 (PQ ne tenet AP wth common diference 6 Similarly 5, =n? + #1 4 larly, =n? + 3m" terms ofan AP with common difference Q- as Find the sum of int 24 terms of the AP. 81/80. nos + en eae SOLUTION’ We know that in an AP. the sum ofthe terme ted always seme ond i equal to tha oun of i end way rm y= Sos Hf an AP, consists of 24 termi Now, 1+ +9 +45 + 200 +6 = 25 (ay + 059) y+ 659) *(30 4 8) * Slay +09) = 25 Bs ms ‘ ty = ats ba Biren) 2 Syq = 12075) = 900 a the sum of rtp terns 200 Mere as The frat term of am AP. Net gtorsin 1 P24 ra s2vT0 Led be the common dirner lhe AFR le Soo ok lane -od} \et Sheth que nam The Eee ae ar i19.26 ary SA aS-475 ween | Saeete. 5 <0(gumy | S see 8PM 20 vipeg-na} fer > sepegels {react Ue poi-p-ge1 wine pol f ry (ae : Mee} XAMMLEZ? theft term ofan AP. ad he sum offs ‘sum of the next five terms, find the sum of first 30 terms, 4 SOLUTION Let, 4b given AP. with common diferent gen ta «Pad sum fist five terms seal oe fourth of We sano net hee re | terms is egual tone fur fe ie M142 ast a4 a= 1 a5 +o +05 +0) +040) Maytag + 5 +05 + 65) = (06 + 07 +05 + ay +049) Fay ey a5 +04 +05) =(0y 4 09 +... 405) = 55-5, aah 229. 1)4}|=1 {2.2400 ~ 22 {22 +00 -n4} = 50 (1+) =20+ 45.4 i ‘o * EXAMPLE25 The p™ term ofan A.P. ia and ath term is b. Prove thatthe sum ofits (7 +4) Hm pee ero INCERT EXEMILAR, 2 P=} SOLUTION Let A and D be the frst term and common difference respectively oh vet he ti a= pth term 3a = A+(p-1)D a 2550. x0 F{2x2+(@0-1— 6 be th term 3b = A+(q-1)D ‘Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get D = = ‘Adding () and (i), we get a+b = 2A +(p+4—2)D = stb = 24+ 4-D-D a+b +D = 2A+ (44-9 = 2A4@+9-0D ie Pat, Now, Sp = Sumot p+. tems -rtnwteTic PROGRESSIONS. 1027 P*9 [on spe gs PAN esos =} a) “t{anvirea no} a ahagey tenga af the sum of terms of tio AP's is(7n-+ 1):( n+ 27) Find the ratio of ther Thera erm SOUTION Leta Ap‘= Then the sums S, and §' of 5 = "fom +(m-1qy}, and sy=Efan(m-nda} be the first terms and dj, ds the common differences ofthe two given. ie term are given BY ” \ «tpn tena} 8 Tony s(n dy) [any ted Wis given that Bors Tat 57 an eesicnin eal i ala JA net O ‘" *4n4 27 o+(")a Fa aie ay sD oe We have to find the ratio to m0 terms of two AP Les 2p gas cau ebuaind by replacing" both side of), we get ‘atm dy a ta s(m—Ddy Aone 8047S a ence, he ratio of the mth erms of the two APs (4m 6): : TEMARK 1 iscodent from aloe ecnmpeta fox ergot ae eR AP's ten tc to ther mers oblong mI GRAL YS ‘xaMnL30 The sum of n terms of oo arithmetic progressisae ma Findtheratiof thir 20ers. - SOULTION Leto, be the fst rms and the commen diferas S As. Then, the sums oftheir terme are given PF 7 SM fay e(0-Daand s/=B 12m 400-4 Kisziven that “Sue 8 S078 = Hansen} ones yea on Ta Uys 348 Bay (4 =1)dy THe19.28 MATHEMATICS Hence, the required ratio is 7:16 ALITER If ther }0of the sums of replacing n by ( terms of two APs given, then the 1) in the given ratio. So, ratio ts could ml n sired ratio is obtained by Bin (3n+ 8):(7n +15) (69 + 8) (061 +15)=7 16 +1)terms in AP, then prove that the ratio of the sum of odd termsandthe seme i NCERTEXENPLAR SOLUTION Leta and de the fist term and common difference respectively of te gen A. Now, 5,= Sumot odd terms =a; +45 + 4. ae > x tlerds{aren-na)] = nasno 2 2 j +1)(a+nd)in (r+tyin XAMPLE32 Let be the obe independent of x? erat ‘ terms ofan A.P. What must this progresion tor thera {eta be the frst term and d common difference of th even progesion Tht . given prog Et. tea iere-ng) ~ Gavarna} Cnty, the RES ofthe ove re if xd + (20-4) lation will be Hence, the progression isa, 34,5a,72, dependent of x iff 24 ~d=01.e Where is any non-zero real number - 29 Let S be the sum of first terms ofan AP. ieee Fi with nom ero common ti ratio of frst term and common dierence "2 is independent ofm, SOLUTION Let the frst term and common difference of the A.P-be aand d respectively: Sam = 11 {21 +0 mt) dh and, 5, = "f20+(m-2)4} rn{2s-0+mim 4} {eran} Si _(arban-ng} yaaneric PROGR aly, RHS willbe independent of iff24 -d = Oie.d = 2a al Here a2 ‘Sqyon Sy are the sums of terms of m A.P.'s whose first terms are, 2, 3. ie 1 3 Seon (2 m~ 1) respectively. Show that 5,45) tt Su = un 41) first terms, common difference and the sums oftheir terms are as under: ‘Sums of n terms Common diferences 1 1 5 = B{2xr+(n-ayea} 2 3 5 = H{2x2ee-ayx3} , . sy = Max 3+e-nx3} r ant = {ans env} Sit St Sy "fanr sexi} f 2x2 sgciyea]eaorS fame eo On] s2edeutad ee aeson eel] 2M ems me Fa+m +m t+@n-)| {moma} +m? (ne 0] = Sem AMPLE 35 fhe sum ofm terms ofan AP. sequal tothe sum of either the nex tems or the next p then prove that im+n| 2 a tmsm{ 1} anon (2-4) INCERT EXEMPLAR] SLOW Let denote he fist term and the common cifernce of the AP, Further, ty ‘ote the k" term of the A.P. Then, Sum of m terms jum of next terms 9140 4.05 tact dy = hn 1 ted toot © 20, + ay baat) = Og toe tn 1 2 tt = BB Sa >a Mancino a} = M2 faa stmen—n dh > 2m das (men-Id mon” Ban Dd > 2m | tasimen=Dd men” Bavon-Dd M Zen, nd i) men” Ravina920 arvenang ‘Similarly, a 7 a @ Pic > (m 11) insp % 7 n > m+ny( 2-2 op) a eXEROIE 1 LeveL 1. Find the sum oft sum ofthe following arithmetic progressions i) 50, 46, 42, rie ny (i) 3,9/2,6,15/2, 1025 terms ((v) 41,36 31, . to 12 terms by a= 3.0 22 terms eA) YP rato terms (vip SY, S829 SE 8Y to ter 2. Find the sum ofthe following series: 245484. +182 fi) 101 499497 +. 447 wo +248)? + 6ab) Find the sum of fist» natural numbers, ia thes fal natal mimes between 1 and 100 which are visible 2 ters ttwcen 1 and 100, which are nce + +7) Haro Find the sum of fist» odd natural numbers, Find the sum ofall odd numbers between 100 an 200. how thatthe sum ofall od integersbetween and 1000 which are divi Find the su ofall integers between 84 and 719, which are multiples of ysis 0 pune anymreric PROGRES 1931 4 Find the sum of al integers between 50 and 500 which are divisible by 7 ‘fbn the sum of all even integers between 101 and 993 wt en th sum ofall integers between 100 and 50, which ae divisible by 3. Fee ghe sum ofthe series: 3+5-+7+6+9 41249413 417+» tom terms 1S athe au ofall those integers between 100 and 800 each of which on division by 16 Jeaves the remainder 7. Me Gave, () 25422419 41640. 4 8215 (i) 144474104 +2 = 50, 1h Find the rth term of an A.P, the sum of whose fist terms is 3 +2 [NCERT EXEMPLAR] sé How many terms are therein the A.P. whose frst and filth terms are ~14and 2 respectively snd the sum ofthe terms is 407 11. Thesum of fist7termsof an AP. is 10and that of next7 terms is 17, Find the progression. 1h Thethird term of an AP. 7 and the seventh term exceeds thre times the third term By 2- Find the fist term, the common difference andthe sum of frst 20 terms. 18. Thefimt term of an AP. is2and the last term i 50. The sum ofall these terms is 442, Find the common difference. 20, The numberof term ofan AP. is even; the sum of oa terms s 24 ofthe even terms is, an the last term exceeds the first by 101/2 fin the number of terms and the eres 2. 115, <2 pand Sy =m p,m inan AP, prove that § =P™ 2. f12%termofan A.P.is 13 and the sum of the is four terms is 24, what isthe sum of Fist terms? 23, Ifthe Sth and 12¢h termes ofan A.P, are 30 and 65 respectively, whats the um of first 20 2A. Find the sum oft terms ofthe AP. whose Mth terms is +1 INERT] Find the sum of all two digit mumbers which when divided by 4 yiids, 108 remainder. (NCERT! lithe sum of a certain numberof terms of the AP25,22 19,6116 Find theater INCERTI INCERTI a” ® 8 Find the sum of odd integers from 102001 15... ae need o give the sum -25? How many terms ofthe AP. =6,—" +5: ee Inan A. the rt term is 2 and the sum ofthe it five terms sone Fourth of the bet Bie ‘erm Shoe that 200 terms 112 TNcERT! 31 Ssbe the sum of +1) terms of an Aan Sue the su of iol enna an res a, ME SS ne seed. Find an Ain whch the sum of any numberof terms alway hes Hees seared amber ofthese terms 22 eso of tru ofan A tonb-+2 nin=100 Where Fal 5s Saesei a sy, Sommondference The sums of n terms of two aritunetic progressions aren 0 of heir 8K terms. Th aati ER ere co AF-sarein the aba 78-2]; Tela ae termsOt _ ae 19.22 1 (320 Gi) 144 Gy (wii) {n(ax-w-y} 2-4) 2072 (ii) 6(02 ror -, 3. ROD 4 3050 5.r? 6 7500 8 50800 9. 17606 10. 24989 1116 Wome Bie UH 20s Kel 1610 et del War 83 Motel ,341,.. 20 2 nm 26.4 1002001 2. 2Q % 93. 179:321 34521 me HINTS TO NCERT & SELECTED PROBLEUS 3. Required sum 3+utn=2a en 4 Required sum = Sum of natural numbers between] and 100 which ae divisible y2 + Sum of natural numbers between 1 and 100 which are divisible bY Sum of natural numbers between 1 and 100 which are divisible by? and Sbothie by? = 2r44..+109+6 109-0020 4000 % 2 0 2+ 100) + 295+ 100-190 10 cd 3 25100 - 200 +109 = 2580 + 1050-550 3080 5: Reguredum=14+3450.0+(@n=1)=M1+(an—0} om? 3 nf 6. Required sum-=101-+103-+ +199 = (101 +19) =7500 8. Regured nm =05 690.0715 «12 (+715 0800 a 9 pequcedoune 56 465+. +157 10. Requed sum = 102 104+ 998 1. Required sum =108 117+ + 599 yeawt Required sum =106 +117 ++ 34 a 12. Required gum =(3#6+9.4 to nterms) (5494+ 13¢ tomtom) a 18, Reged sum =103 +19 4135+ +791 15 =§-5-1-(0429-[a¢-n842¢-} 6-1 7. Wehave,S 24. Weave, 10d Sq =10 +17 =27 anmuuerie PROGRESSIONS Wehave to find the sum. 1938 of all two digit numbers ofthe form 4k +1, ke. Cleary, such a oJ 2597 andar forming an AP. with common difference 4 Let numbers be nn number. Then th rst erm 13 and common diference 4 21,25, 7 =n term of AP w x4 2 7 = 34H n-1= 21 Let Sbe the sum of such numbers. Then. (13+97) = 1210 Let the sum of n terms of the A-P.25, 22,19, be 116. Then, 1)x(-3) m2 = (30 +53) = P5422 = 0 = si? 24x20 +282 = 0 = (n-8(Gn-29) = 0 a) = 1-8 3 | ty = 2547x(-9) =4 The odd integers fom 1 to 2001 are, 35,77, Then, 2001 201, Let the number of such integers bert 1x2 9m = 101 001 apt) = 1001101 = 1201 14 Required son uray. The sum offs Inbar ex So. thea odd SoS 1001)" = 1002001. Mehave, ~ lesan a= tanday reget = tm | oper Jag +07 +t 0) nem tte = Heer FA, tay stm) = ao ty tot a0 = 485 = Suess Fi 95 Eas 3] = 3f5 =19[2x2+0-0 s[fax2+6-na]-3/ a °, sag Board Fi a +h deb = Dea = 20444 > 104104 = 4 4.19.34 waTHMangy 4m) = a +19d = 2+19%(—6) = -112 eo) 31. Use §, = 3n* anda, =§,-, Wehave, eee S, = mP+nn-Q > 5, 1-0-1) PL n-1yanQ Let a, be then'™ term. Then, 7 ae , rPezne-na} {i 1 1) P+ dni i 7"-Dem-2Q = = PL onin-m-a10 > a=P+(n-Q = ty -1=P+(n-2)Q Let d be the common difference. Then, =a — ay 1 =[P + (0-1) ALITER We have, L NQ\-(P +6-2Q}<9 1 fae Sy=nP +n (n-Q > S=}n'0+(P-& |e Clearly, § sof the form An? + Br. Hience, the sequence is an A.P. with common dfeest Bae = AP. with ai Leet, betes cstems Base © (aay + (n- = POA a Flea, +1) ay) 96 = Mites ses Based 6 (n-1) pier ono Peivat\raare ae mA Replacing "=~ by 17 ie.n by 35, we get “1 a+ 17d, ALITER, If the atio ofthe sums ofmterms is given, then to find the ratio ofthe Wereplacenby (2n~1).So,tofind the ratio of Ith terms, we replacenby 2> 18 pete ea ote the rato of 18th terms, we replace by Hence, required ratios (x 35 + 4):(9 x 35 +6) ie.179:321 1 188 PROPERTIES OF ARrTHMETC PROGRESSIONS pach wil te shall discuss some properties of arithmetical progressions Wt frequently used in this chapter and inthe subsequentefuptens ret PROPERTY | Ifa constant is added to or subtracted from cach term of an AP. ten Sequences alo an A. with the same common dfn animHMETIC PROGRESSIONS. a lat ay oy tobe an A. eth connor Seed el a oe eet mottea Tey Gerealieg eee aoe nal. Te, boar nolo Ae oe eens bakes AP eter Jah tem a ioc AP. mail o ley te rellng sequence is also an A.P with common diference kd or dk, where dis the common diference of fe gion AP. Now, Ine 1-8 F Let ay, a a3,..be an A.P. with common difference d and let be a non-zero conta, ‘be sequence obtained by multiplying each term ofthe given A.P. by & Then, Rs Bp = 3 Rrnorby = dR 5 (ay 1 Oy) K= A for all eN [ye dy Lath Now, Bye 1—by =r ka This shows thatthe new sequence is an A.P. with common difference dk Similarly, it can be proved that on dividing each term of agiven AP. by anon-zero constant, we bla a Sequence which is also an AP. OPERTY 3 for alle NI 2 finite A.P. the sum ofthe terms equidistant from the beginning and end is alaays some and sequal tothe sem of first and latter te em, + forall k=1, 2, 3,01 Leta ay, a3... 4, bean A.. with common difference d. We have to show that S14 = an + my 183 +2 = 4 HB 3 = 814 = 0, +441) forall K=1,2,3, 00 Forany k=1,2,..,20-1 y= Meteo) = the ok = a,+ 0D} [ays (net kD] 2a +(b-Len¢1-k-1)d (nD d= a olay (0D dl TOPERTY ¢ Thre numtes a,b, carein AP. if2b=a+6 q First, let a, b, cbe in AP. Then, nt Common difference Md Weare SoMosely, eta, b,chethnee numbers such hat2# =# +¢ Then wehuvetoshow that, cang We in have, aheae oo boane-b = «,bpeareinAP. Wstration if 2, &, 3 “UNOS tis given that a 224San = ord. ve whgmemarane Bee a 2 POPERTYS A sequence isan AP. fits term sa liner expression inn. y= A Bre "er conch teen nn ot co ee fe AP *OOE ‘See example 3 0n page 193 =— =