Unit 8

Innovation and Commercialization

Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Explain innovation and determine its importance to organizations in comparison with invention....4
P2 Explain how organizational vision, leadership, culture and teamwork can shape innovation and
commercialization...................................................................................................................................5
M1 Analyze different sources of innovation and how organizations can foster and develop an.............8
LO2............................................................................................................................................................10
P3 Explain the 4Ps of innovation and explain the use of the innovation funnel to examine and shape
innovative ideas.....................................................................................................................................10
P4 Explain developments in frugal innovation and provide examples of how it is used in an
organisational context...........................................................................................................................12
M2 Analyze and apply the innovation funnel in an organizational context...........................................13
M3 Evaluate the role of frugal innovation in an organizational context................................................16
LO3............................................................................................................................................................18
P5 Explain the importance of the commercial funnel and the application of New Product Development
(NPD) processing for commercialisation of innovation.........................................................................18
P6 Build an Innovation Business Case for an organisation, including ways to access funding...............22
M4 Build a detailed Innovation Business Case which includes how to measure its overall effectiveness
using appropriate techniques available to test and improve................................................................24
LO4............................................................................................................................................................26
P7 Evaluate the different tools that organisations can use to develop, retain and protect knowledge
and intellectual property.......................................................................................................................26
M5 Present supported evidence-based evaluation of these different tools in the context of the wider
business environment...........................................................................................................................27
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................29
References.................................................................................................................................................30
Introduction
The concept of innovation and commercialization will be described and performed well
throughout this assignment. Though they sound simple to the listeners, innovation has a lot to
that we can know from it. Also, in business there is no alternative of innovation. At the same
time, commercialization works with this. Both innovation and commercialization go together to
be accomplished by all of the organizations. So that is in Samsung too. It is one of the most
innovative and successful brands of today’s business era. Innovation, invention,
commercialization, differentiating methods and setting up business cases including a clear idea
for the newbies too, will be showed upon this report.
LO1
P1 Explain innovation and determine its importance to organizations in comparison
with invention
Innovation

The term, innovation refers to the innovating process. Innovation is crucial. When a process by
which an idea or creative motive gets converted into a value carrying good, then it is called
innovation. It is also the definition of something new created. It includes apply of information,
imagination and initiative to gather greater values through processes from resources. An example
can be, the development of renewable energy. The renewable energy producing concept has been
invented. But the energy sources, the usage of those resources and spreading this energy in
different dimensions are all innovation (Drucker, 2015).

Invention

Invention is something new. It is defined as the making of a product. Where innovation is

occurred when someone puts contribution to an existing product. It also refers to the act to bring
newer ideas or things together following a novel way. The example of an invention can be
renewable energy that has increased the usage of electricity via different and unique thoughts
(Bender, 2012).

Difference of Innovation & Invention

Innovation Invention
1 Innovation is often implying the 1 Invention create occurrences of new ideas
implementation for a product idea. for developing an unknown good that’s
not been developed before.
2 The value is added by innovation. 2 Invention is only the creation that is not
for adding value.
3 Innovation deals with different practices 3 Invention is the outcome of scientific and
and increases the marketing, technical and analytical skills.
strategic skills.
4 In today’s competitive world, head to 4 Invention does not ensure or help any kind
 head challenges are visible in businesses. of competition.
Thinking innovative helps one
organization to keep a good standard and
balanced competition.

Samsung – Innovation & Invention

Samsung is a South Korean multinational conglomerate that’s headquarter is situated at the

Samsung city of Seoul. Samsung was founded in 1938 as a trading company. Today it has eight
strong subsidiaries only because of the tremendous success though enough invention and
innovation capability. Samsung widely sells electronics (appliances, digital media devices,
memory chips, integrated systems, semiconductors). They produces about one fifth of the total
South Korean exports.

There can be no better example than Samsung Galaxy phones. They launched the first phone in
2009, June 29. From then, the rapid growth of sales of these phones has been visible and it was a
pace for making this company the world’s largest smartphone vendor. They included innovative
features; AMOLED displays, the S pen, Knox, biometric authentication, wireless charging,
Bixby and more. It took time but Samsung evaluated a lot and kept inventing newer services
with adaptable features.

P2 Explain how organizational vision, leadership, culture and teamwork can shape
innovation and commercialization
The organization vision, culture, leadership and teamwork have impact on innovation and
commercialization in a positive sense. These effects are also necessary to shape the innovation
and commercialization (Rafinejad, 2013).

Organizational Vision:
Vision is the future picture of the organizations. Vision describes what an organization tries to
achieve. The future plan says what one needs to do, and guides the company.
While commercialization is a process of bringing newer goods to market, vision says what are
going to be in the market, how will they exist and hold buyers, what will be showed to the
consumers, how will products satisfy the consumers, and is the intention being met or not (Scott,
Jaffe and Tobe, 2012).

Leadership:
There is the necessity of a perfect leadership. A leader is always needed to give proper
directions, motivate employees, and inspire them. In both innovation and commercialization
process, there must be a leader who can invent newer systems to carry the new invention and to
give them to the target hands (Wibbeke and McArthur, 2014).

Culture:
There is a leading authority that is on the organizational culture. According to Charles Handy,
there are four different kinds of culture. They are described through a chart (Heller, 2013).

Power Role

Task Person

Figure: Handy’s Four Classes of Culture

Source: Self

 Power: This was based on Zeus. It is one of the centralized culture. This also includes
top-down, power and influencing differences.
 Role: It was based on Apollo. This culture is also a bureaucratic culture that is run by the
strict and strong procedures. There are roles that are defined narrowly and powers that are
delineated precisely.
  Task: The task culture is based on Athena which is referred to a small-team-based
culture. This one is result and solutions oriented too. Task culture is marked by
adaptability, flexibility and empowerment.
 Person: Person culture is based on Dionysius. It is the culture that focuses individually.
Here an organization is value oriented and people focused. Organizations under this
culture are also geared with an intention to meet employees’ self-actualization needs
individually.

Teamwork:
There are four stages of the teamwork model. Tuckman’s this theory described these stages. The
model is described below,

Forming Storming

Norming Performing

Figure: Tuckman’s Teamwork Model

Source: Self

 Forming: It ensures high dependency on the leaders for their direction. Leaders must be
able to answer thousands of questions. They keep a lot to maintain well.
 Storming: The decision making is not easy that may come to a group. Team- members
take challenges even to highlight own plan. So, understanding this compromises are
required.
  Norming: There is a lot of responsibilities and roles. Important decisions are made by a
group agreement. The team engage in fun and work with dignity and more effectiveness.
Leaders here fascinates this activity.
 Performing: The last step is to perform all planned things nicely. Workers may ask the
leader for assistance. Leaders help as much as possible and the performance comes out
good.

M1 Analyze different sources of innovation and how organizations can foster and
develop an environment and culture innovation

Changes
Changes in
in The
Perception, The
Perception, Unexpec
Meaning,
Meaning,
Unexpec
and ted
ted
and Mood
Mood

New
New
Demogra
Demogra Knowled
The
The
phics Knowled Incongruity
Incongruity
phics ge
ge

Industry
Industry
&
& Market
Market Process
Process
Structure
Structure Need
Need
Change
Change

Figure: Seven Sources of Innovation

Source: Self

Demographics:
There is a continuous change in human capital, populations, age differences and income levels.
Alert competitors are paying concentration to these changes. The demand of different
demographic groups are different too. Combining with this segmentation is a powerful method to
accurately meet market desire (Yi, 2013).

The Incongruity:
what is it and what should it be go together with a discrepancy. It is the key to develop a very
successful business in spite of its being tricky. The best place to find incongruity is in one’s
buyers. Incongruity can be the very important source of innovation. This is basically in the
human nature for trying to fill the incongruities.

Industry & Market Structure Change:

Existing market structures can rise chances for innovation. Industry and market are in the
continual flux and some of the service lines that expand while others shrink. When the
previously regulated industry is becoming uncovered, there remains a historical precedence for
the companies. The structural problems and convergence of different technologies are also the
things to watch out (Bain, 2014).

Initiating Culture of Innovation in Samsung:

The corporate culture existing in Samsung gives focus on achieving higher degree of human
resource management and technological innovation. A company’s culture involves core values,
customs, and tradition applied and expected in the employee behavior. Samsung’s culture is
intersecting with the conglomerate, which indicates significant characteristics to achieve long-
run business glory.

Starting From the Bottom: The company may stop thinking about clever campaigns to launch
and sell products for a while. They need to consider multifaceted approaches to innovate across
their organization. The example can be following the profit model of four Ps.

Empowering Employees: The more one gives to the employees, the greater results come. So,
Samsung should think about empowering employees in some new ways besides the other
concerns. As empowering is also a part of leading, the head should think about this matter and go
thereby.

Accepting Failure: It should be okay to accept the failure and learn from it. This should be a
culture to accept the consequences and working keeping those in mind but not making a tradition
of failure. As to say, Samsung admitted that they failed to “Galaxy Fold Launch” and it was
surely an embarrassment in front of the competitors and users. This kind of situations should be
taken easy.

Burning House Technique: This a clear and practical example of being intelligent in troubles. If
one is in fire, what would he do first! It is the thing to apply in business that when the business is
in a bad era, they must grab the innovating team and come out of the burning house rather than
wasting time on collecting 90% burnt products.
LO2
P3 Explain the 4Ps of innovation and explain the use of the innovation funnel to
examine and shape innovative ideas
There are 4P’s that are described by Tidd and Bessant. 4Ps are used to explore the innovation

Product
Product Process
Process

4Ps of
Innovation

Position
Position Paradigm
Paradigm

space. It is also referred to the innovation mix (Herbig, 2015).

Figure: 4Ps of Innovation

Source: Self

Product:
A product is the good that is manufactured or modified to earn profit. When the manufacturer is
redesigning or redeveloping an existing product, it is called product innovation. The product is
the main and target outcome of an organization through what all the money comes out.

Process:
The process innovation focuses on processing only. To say in another context, its concern is
giving attention to the process of how the products are being made and distributed. It is also an
essential part of the 4ps.

Position:
Modifying the perception of an established product in a particular context means position
innovation. It also includes repositioning the created good’s perception. An organization follows
this innovation whenever the change of the perception becomes necessary.

Paradigm-Innovation:
When a product is completely changed, which means it hided the premade characteristics, it is
called paradigm innovation. It works with people’s needs and necessities. Based on this,
paradigm innovation is often adapted.

Innovation-Funnel

Innovation funnel is exactly a mechanism that runs a constant stream of ideas that might be
screened for viability. It is also defined as the Funnel Management Process, and again a popular
approach for innovating which are used by different firms. Innovation-funnel keeps the target to
create innovative and realistic plans.

Figure: Innovation-Funnel

Source: https://www.toolshero.com/innovation/innovation-funnel/

Innovative-Funnel to Examine and Shape Innovative Ideas

Innovation funnel is a common model used by many companies to evaluate idea and
conceptualize products. Organizations follow innovation funnel for the assessment pf different
opportunities, insights-based ideation, benchmarking, conceptualization, evaluation and more.
Businesses have been able to encourage free thinking and generation of the ideas while ensuring
the execution of these new ideas is completed with all needed governance. By analysing the
information that has been received, business do examine, observe and shape an idea model. This
is how innovation-funnel examine and shape innovative and newer ideas.

P4 Explain developments in frugal innovation and provide examples of how it is

used in an organisational context
Frugal innovation, also called frugal engineering is a process of reducing the complexity and cost
of goods and also the production. It means removing the nonessential features from a durable
product with for selling them in under-development countries.
China’s Haier washing machine, Egypt’s ADAPT housing are the examples of frugal innovation
(Radjou, Prabhu and Polman, 2014). The 6 approaches while adopting frugal innovation-

 Setting objectives which are audacious

 Focusing on consumers’ needs

 Teaming up with innovation concerned parties

 Making the most of what businesses are already having

 Identifying and overcoming obstacles

SME can be frugal in many ways. These ways may seem unclear or tough for the business owner
but it is always necessary to know them well for being frugal. Organizations should accept these
ways in spite of being unsuccessful ones.

Engaging & Iterating: This way talks to stop interacting with customers for a while. Observing
them first is very necessary especially in small and medium enterprises. After noticing their
natural behavior without any kind of enforcement, it is the time to draw and get back. The R&D
model says not to loss by failing in product launching that affect the SMEs very bad. Having a
look at Intuit’s ethnographic observation, French railway SNCF’s TGV labs for productivity
apps etc. can give practical situations of this way.

Flexing Assets: There can be new materials, techniques or tools that can reduce demand gap and
improve procurement at the same time. Example can be, today’s 3d printers’ range to micro-
factories and supply chain analytics. Also, the CRM/SCM integration by Cemex.

Shaping Customer Behavior: It may seem impossible for the organization to change consumers’
behavior which is not true. Adapting own changes, an organization can engage with customers
for promoting sustainable situation. Financial reporting tools by Banks are one of the examples.

Making Friends: SME’s range is not that wide and limited. They may need different kind of
friends with various experiences for different situations to advice well. They can be the suppliers,
vendors, startups and all. They need to support other SMEs as well to be a reminder advisor.
AmEx’s frugal solutions work for lower income Americans.

M2 Analyze and apply the innovation funnel in an organizational context

Innovation funnel has been described previously. Now, the organization that’s been picked is
Samsung. It has a greater innovation process than other technological brands.

4ps of Samsung
Product
Product

Process
Process

Samsung
Paradigm
Paradigm

Position
Position
 Figure: 4Ps of Samsung

Source: Self

Product: Samsung invests enough in development and research to bring out the best of products
for the customers. It offers wide range of products in different categories. Their product can be
categorized in five categories,

1. Mobile Device
2. Samsung Home Appliances
3. AV/TV
4. Information Technology
5. Storage/Memory

Process: Samsung focuses on the product process under this step. They are concerned about their
product making and developing process. Randomly, how can this process be smoother and more
effective, Samsung is working on it.

Position: The retailers and service dealers markets are the target market place of Samsung. They
directly sell products to these parties. Also, Samsung gets priority in the retailer offerings. As
one of the great market provider, Samsung is being recognized.

Paradigm: Samsung diversify their products and sometimes also remove their existing criteria to
add something new. Samsung got a paradigm shop too. This shop contains Samsung’s
revolutionary software innovations.

Samsung & Innovation-Funnel

 Figure: Samsung’s Innovation Funnel

Source: Self

Stage 1: The first stage toward Samsung’s innovation is to Understand. Following the trend and
all, Samsung understand the current need, and will to plan through it. PIT field research, data
collecting are the examples of this stage.

Stage 2: Then comes the ideation. According to their first step, Samsung go for gathering their
data and information, and start ideating and planning for the new product idea.

Stage 3: It has made that what would be the product, but this stage tells that how is the product
made. This is called concept development. The team works together and set up the newer
concept for the upcoming newer products.

Stage 4: Finally, when all three steps are done, Samsung goes for the concept’s finalization.
Through understanding, ideating and developing the concept, the main product finalizing
concept is made. And it leads to the development of products.
M3 Evaluate the role of frugal innovation in an organizational context
The role of frugal innovation is performed through their principles. Frugal innovation got 6
principles. This framework does not work leaving them. Describing their role through hthese
principles below,

Focusing
Focusing
simplifying
simplifying on
on value
value

Not
Not Thinking
Thinking
reinventing
reinventing horizontally
horizontally
the
the wheel
wheel

Continuous
Continuous
Platform
Platform improvem
improvem
thinking
thinking ent
ent

Figure: Core Principles of Frugal Innovation

Source: Self

Simplifying: It means not to dumb down but to distill the key necessary functions.

Focusing on Value: It creates relevant value to the product of an organization which includes
overshooting or avoiding waste.

Not Reinventing the Wheel: Adapting, adopting, re-using and recombining ideas from
elsewhere is mentioned under this step.

Thinking Horizontally: It opens up the system and engages more individuals to the job.

Platform Thinking: Building an ordinary and easy-going frugal core and adding modules.

Continuous Improvement: Evolving and learning regarding, and best is the hater of better.
LO3
P5 Explain the importance of the commercial funnel and the application of New
Product Development (NPD) processing for commercialisation of innovation
The importance of commercial funnel can be described in categories. The importance of
commercial funnel should be noticed by every organization for their own betterment. It consists
of three key funnels.
All of them are described below-

Marketing Sales Customer

Funnel Funnel Funnel

Figure: Commercial Funnel

Source: Self

Marketing funnel: is usually being managed and operated by the advertising team. It focuses on
acclimating prospects which are in target markets and also in leads. Then they encourage these
leads to remake a high interest to warrant shifting them into the next funnel.
 Figure: Marketing Funnel

Source: http://online-sales-strategy.over-blog.com/2018/09/the-importance-of-marketing-
funnel.html

Sales funnel: is designed like an upturned pyramid. It is relative to real-world funnels. The
metaphor alludes to that. The width of every part reflects the size of the audience.

Figure: Sales Funnel

Source: https://onelfri.com/clickfunnels-review-importance-of-sales-funnels-in-your-
business/

The top side of the funnel is the widest and the bottom side is the smallest. Knowing the concept
of sales funnels is significant because it is valuable. It helps visualizing the users’ journey from
preliminary consciousness all the way through manipulation. The sales funnel gives a useful
summary using which one can examine his business and the areas of development are easily
identified. It is useful to visualize customer journey from initial awareness. It also provides
useful framework.

Customer Funnel: is managed by company’s service and support. This funnel is responsible for
recollecting customers, acquiring repeated orders. Also, converting as many customers as they
can to become enthusiastic. Loyal customers are far more valuable and more profitable than
other consumers because they buy all they can from you, are impermeable to competition, and
acclaim you to others.

Figure: Customer Funnel

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/pin/28429041383519125/?lp=true

NPD

New Product Development (NPD) is a wide-ranging set of multi-disciplinary measures. It turns a

market opportunity into a merchantable new product. NPD is described as an effective activity of
an organization and management with a will to bring products to market with lower development
costs and with shorter development times.

NPD is the main driving force of a company. Also, dynamic for their organic growth. There are
eight processes of NDP, which will be described below-

Screening Testing the

Generating
the idea concept

Technicalitie
Business Beta/Market
s/Developm
analytics ability test
ent

Post launch
 zation perfect
pricing

Figure: Stages of NDP Process

Source: Self-made

Step 1: Generating- First comes consuming the basic SWOT analyses and the current market
trends. One can gap from the race by producing ideologies that will take ROI, affordability and
extensive supply costs into the account.

Step 2: Screening the Idea- Here comes setting up specific and identical criteria for thoughts
that are to be dropped or continued. By sticking and determining to the agreed criteria, weak
projects can be moved back to idea-hopper soon.

Step 3: Testing the Concept- Gaurav Akrani has said, “Concept testing is done after idea
screening.” It is not the same as the test marketing. Apart from the patent analyses, designing due
legitimacies and diligence are involved with development in productivity; knowing the place
where marketing texts will work best.

Step 4: Business Analytics- While going through the New Product Development process,
building a system of metrics with an intention to monitor its progress is a must and the fourth
stage. It needs to add input metrics like, typical time in every stage, output metrics to measure
the value of launched items, new products’ sales percentage and other observations that give
valuable feedback.
Step 5: Beta / Marketability Tests- Positioning test groups that are private, launching beta
versions, and forming panels to test after the products have been tested will deliver valuable
evidence.

Step 6: Technicalities + Product Development- The technical phases provided might be

finalized with no accordance to alterations to post-beta goods. According to Akrani, “The
production department will make plans to produce the product. The marketing department will
make plans to distribute the product. The finance department will provide the finance for
introducing the new product”.

Step 7: Commercialization- The new product developments have gone mainstream and
consumers are buying those good or service. Also, technical support is unfailingly monitoring
the progress.

Step 8: Post Launch Review and Perfect Pricing- In this point, the NPD process efficacy is
reviewed and continues improvements are maintained. Most of the new products are announced
with introductory price, where the final price is nailed down. It makes sure that internal costs are
not overwhelming profits from new sales. 

P6 Build an Innovation Business Case for an organisation, including ways to access

funding
I would like to plan to create a tea making flask for Samsung. There are flasks for keeping water
hot and carry that to anywhere. We can pour tea into it too. But, no flask has been invented that
can make tea inside it. The functions are-

 It will be of three layers, each layer will be in reach with one drawer thus the user can use
three layers as three trays
 Four buttons will work for three layers and the outcome
 First layer would be for filtering water
 It is going to be work by charging or with electricity having a heater mode to boil the
filtered water. There will be a power panel port (including usb). It would be able to get
charged by a power-bank too.
  The second layer is for tea leaves to drop
 The third layer is for the final filtering
 There will be 2 minute intervals in first two steps, and one minute for the last step to be
done
 A cup will be added to its end (bottom) that will work by pressing the forth button
 And the tea is ready to have
 The bottom cap is removable thus no electrical occurrence hold place.

Funding

The funding is a concern for all the beginners of an innovation. Sometimes the entire plan is set
but it goes down because of the lack of capital. So, funding is very important and finding its
effective sources are also very necessary.

Figure: Funding

Source: https://en.unesco.org/youth/toptips/planner/fundraising

Sources of funding-

 Pursuing grant
 Internal sources
 Bank loans
  Share capital
 Sponsors
 Raising money
 Savings account
 Deposits

The reason why I expect funds from these sources is, the innovation is something very new and
necessary. There is very much need of this product. Maybe one has no time to make tea or coffee
to bring with himself. He just can carry it and make whatever he wants later. It can be a picnic
tool too. It has brought benefits for the patients and hospital living. Moreover, it is importance
for all aspects. One can always carry it as it will be having a minimum size only to be portable
easily. Showing all of these points, it becomes sensible to launch this product. Samsung has its
reliable sources and trusties that have faith in the Brand.

M4 Build a detailed Innovation Business Case which includes how to measure its
overall effectiveness using appropriate techniques available to test and improve
The tea making flask we have innovated earlier can be in a detailed form in this part. We
assumed it will be effective but how much value will it create, how many audience it can bring
and how profitable will it be, cannot be said at once. It needs some analysis and to be examined
well.

Frugal innovation is always relevant to organizations. The frugal approach is applied to

intellectual resources as much as to physical resources. So, frugal innovation talks about our new
product’s resource and making it best using the least.

Frugal innovation can test products throughout the approaches they accomplish. What materials
are being used, how much is used and how can be used in a more proficient way, these all can be
determined by frugal innovation. Maybe the internal body of our flask can be made of not the
regular elements but something with light weight. The lower part can be made of wood and the
handle can also be wooden thus it doesn’t get warm that people can’t be able to hold the flask.
Then it becomes necessary to design the product idea in a practical shape. Iteration of product
means this subset of the complete target product. There is an iteration cycle that is followed
while designing the product,

Prototy
Prototy
ping
ping

Refining
Iterate Testing
Refining Testing
Cycle

Analyzi
Analyzi
ng
ng

Figure: Iterate Cycle

Source: Self

Prototyping: It is actually the system development method where a prototype is well built and get
tested. It is the first step of this cycle that is the enforced start of this process. This development
process will help our product to be designed well.

Testing: Iterative testing means the process to make small changes or sometimes updates to a
product. It is to test them against some predefined baseline metrics. It can be used in product
management too. Maybe it can manipulate or change a bit of our flask.

Analyzing: A practical framework of this cycle is iterative analysis. This analyses the ups and
downs of the product designing and find out all the circumstances about it. So that is in our
product.

Refining: It is an iterative method that was proposed by James H. Wilkinson. It had an intention
to improve the accurate numerical solutions. Out product design lines are going to be helped by
this.
Again, after all of these, frugal innovation helps identify everything and find ways to improve
the product. Lastly it does improve the product.
LO4
P7 Evaluate the different tools that organisations can use to develop, retain and
protect knowledge and intellectual property

Patent
Patent

Copyright
Copyright Trademark
Trademark

Ownership
Ownership Domain
Domain

Figure: Tools

Source: Self

Patents

A patent is a form of intellectual asset that provides its owner the legal right. The right is to
exclude anyone else from manufacturing, using, selling and coming out with an invention for a
fixed period of years. This keeps one’s identity sharp. It is also a high profile contrary to its own
reality. It is an expensive and lengthy process. And the maintenance cost is also to be performed
by the individual (Adinson, 2016).
Trademark

A trademark is another type of those property. It carries a recognizable logo, design, or

expression to identify one unique product. When they are used for services that are to be
provided, they are called service-marks. Trademarks made it easier for the buyers to find a brand.
It works as an effective communication tool. At the same time, trademarks allow organizations to
utilize the Internet and social media both. So often, descriptive trademarks are weak. The
registration process is very costly and litigation can be risky and uncertain.

Domain

If an individual can he or she must get a same named domain. It might be costly but it secures
the brand name and represents one of the best ideas of business, which is the most important
thing for a business and counted as one of the biggest benefits. It is the only system in the whole
world which helps to browse the Internet. And, there is no necessity of reminding the IP
addresses. The most affecting disadvantage of this property is domain queries usually do not
carry any information about the initiator. Its servers are based on the principle of a slave-master
relation.

Ownership

One must assure the avoidance of joint ownership at all costs, because it brings a lot of problems
in the long run. The owner is his own boss. The main thing is freedom. There are many learning
opportunities and financial rewards. Financial commitment and the unlimited risk are the very
negative points that ownership holds.

Copyright

It is an exclusive right that is given to the creator of a creative invention. Copyright has kept a
time limit but yet this same the identity of the creators. Authors, artists and this kind of creative
workers hold this right to secure their individuality (Yoo, 2011).
M5 Present supported evidence-based evaluation of these different tools in the
context of the wider business environment
Patent

Starting with patent, Microsoft has committed to the responsible intellectual property
management, including creating of healthy patent ecosystem all over the world. It promotes
innovation that also gets encouraged. It reflects lot of investment too. Microsoft and IBM also
gathered to fight patent trolls.

Trademark

The Matal vs Tam is a trademark case that took place in 2017, June 19 in the United States. The
subject was Lanham act’s disparagement clause. It was facially unconstitutional; Trademark
registration did not constitute the government speech.

Domain

Domain hijacking or theft is very common in today’s time. In the case of Verizon, OnlineNIC
was found guilty for registering more than 600 domain names that are similar to Verizon’s
trademark, and the courts awarded $33.15 million in damages as a result. Facebook asking for a
permanent injunction against OnlineNIC’s act.

Ownership

There are a lot of news about ownership hacking or hacking passwords that hamper one’s
ownership to that asset. In 2019, Gerogia and Jackson County USA computer systems were
seized by hackers. $400000 was paid to them as a penalty.

Copyright

A famous street artist Shephard Fairey created a Hope poster during Obama’s first run in 2008.
Later on it became a symbol for his campaign. In 2009, it was revealed by associated press that
the shot was by freelancer Mannie Garcia. Later, Fairey and AP came to private settlement.
Conclusion
This was the overview of innovation and commercialization in the context of organizations. It
has been clear that no technological brand can succeed and survive without accepting the
importance and usefulness of innovation. Commercialization helps also head to head. For a
brand, starting from planning to developing a product and then distributing them, the lessons of
this report are broadly necessary and none can avoid that. Though there are different situations,
the adaption of perfect techniques of innovation and commercialization can bring out any
organization from obstacles and troubles.
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