What is a citation and citation style? A citation is a way of giving credit to individuals for their creative and intellectual works that you utilized to support your research. It can also be used to locate particular sources and combat plagiarism. Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifer). A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting.How to do | choose a citation style? There are many different ways of citing resources from your research. The citation style sometimes depends on the academic discipline involved. For example: * APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences * MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities * Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts\ ‘What is Referencing’ Referencing is also called as citation Referencing can be defined as a method of acknowledging and recognizing someone for hhis or her innovative work that you used in you research to back snd support you idea, A reference usually includes the name of author. date of publication, name and location ‘of the publishing company, ttle of the journal or name of the book, title of the research or chapter's name, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Tn your document, referencing is done at two levels; first you need to give a brief reference in the body of text called as “in-text citation”, and secondly a detailed reference is provided at the end of the document in the form of a list. What are the Purposes of Referencing? Referencing has become 9 necessary element of academic writing. Tris used to locate the original source of work s0 that everyone may access the material and tnderstand i in his her own way Another purpose of it is to fight with plagiarism. Referencing Styles ‘There are various standard methods used for citing the source of work, ‘These methods are called as referencing styles or citation styles Some common and widely used citation styles are Harvard ‘Vancouver APA (American Psychological Association) Referencing Style MLA ((Modern Language Association) Referencing Style Chicago/ Turabian Referencing Style are other styles that are not that common but are still required at some places ACS (American Chemical Society) AGLC (Australian Guide to Legal Citation) AMA (American Medical Association) CSE/ CBE (Council of Scieace Editors/ Council of Biology Editors) © IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) ‘Various referencing styles differ in terms of formotting, use of punctuation and the order ‘of information: such differences occur at both the levels of referencing ie. in-text citation, and reference list, Which citation style is to use in your document often depends on the discipline you are writing for. Moreover. the publishers or the academic institutions decide their citing styles The system used by various types of referencing styles can broadly be categorized into tivo types: documentary-note system, and parenthetical system, © Documentary-note system refers to the use of chronological numbers as in-text markers to either footnotes or enduotes or both: footuotes are included at the end of each page, and endnotes are listed on a separate page at the end of the document, in text citation is done with a numeric digit usually placed after the fall stop, detailed references in endnotes or reference list may of may not be indicated by numeric digit depending on the particular referencing style e000 The 0000 MH, Alvi (2016): A Manual for Referencing Styles in Research 4i lll s Matney, G. T, (2014), Early mathematics fluency with CCSSM, Teaching Ci 21(1), 27-35, © Reference to a conference paper ‘Presenter, A. A. (Year, Month), Title of paper or poster. Paper or poster session presented at the ‘meeting of Organisation Name, Location. eg. _Jodel, F,, Russell, F, Tepper, K,, Todd, P. & Zahora, T. (2009, September). Joined at the 1 ‘hip: Partnerships between librarians and learning skills advisers. Poster session presented at the ‘International Congress of Medical Librarianship, Brisbane, . Reference to a publication from a corporate body (e.g. a government department or other organization). Author, A.A. (year of publication), Title of publication (Number of report), Place of publication: Publisher. €g. Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2008). Childhood education and care (No. 4402.0). Canberra, ACT: Author, + Reference to a thesis Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of thesis or dissertation (Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order no.) ®g. Bozeman, A. Jr. (2007), Age of onset as predictor of cognitive performance in children P with seizure disorders, (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Proquest Dissertations and ‘Theses, (UMI 3259752) 7 + Electronic material - following the Harvard System Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of work. Retrieved from URL L. (2011). The critcal decade: Climate change and health. Reteved from: x ai wr i from theory on bounded rationality (Simon, a dete name ofthe author or the date appear as part ofthe narrative, cite only missing mformation in parentheses. ‘Simon (1945) posited that + Works by multiple authors ‘When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the ‘text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (&). as has been shown (Leiter & Masiach, 1998) + Inthe narrative text, join the names with the word “and.” as Letter end Maslach (1998) demonstrated + When awork has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. ‘Kahneman, Kneisch, and Thaler (1991) found + tn all subsequent citations per paragraph, include only the surname of the fit == author followed by “et al” (Latin for “and others") and the year of publication, Kahneman etal. (1991) found Footnote ‘The Footnote/ Bibliography method requires two elements: footnotes throughout ass ‘and a bibliography or list of references atthe end. on just called “notes’) are what they sound like—a note (or a reference to a Mh