Professional Documents
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6
ISSN 1974-6059 November 2016
Abstract – Monitoring home/office and many other locations have become highly recommended
and very important in present time. Different types of security and monitoring systems are
available in the markets but they have different pros and cons upon each other. This paper
presents the design and prototype implementation of a highly scalable low-cost energy efficient
smart monitoring system. Unlike the majority of the available monitoring systems in the markets,
this system exploits the concept of parallel processing by combining more than one
microcontroller (based on the design requirement). The Interface of microcontrollers together is
based on the master/slave technique which uses one central (master) microcontroller and one or
more slave microcontrollers. The communications between the central microcontroller and the
secondary microcontroller(s) is done using I2C protocol. This system consists of microcontrollers
and hidden motion detection sensors that trigger the functionalities of other system components
such as buzzers, lights, cameras, and GSM. Moreover, an authentication code is used in the
system in order to allow authorized users to activate and deactivate the system. Copyright © 2016
Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved.
Keywords: GSM, I2C Protocol, Monitoring System, Open Source Microcontroller, Parallel
Processing
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved DOI: 10.15866/ireaco.v9i6.10315
423
Hadi Jameel, Husam Kareem
raise their security, convenience, and comfort [8]. used for short range communication. Fig. 1 shows a
The comprehensive concept of smart homes is the top general conceptual model for Bluetooth based smart
domestic technology can conceive. The smart homes home system controlled by a smartphone.
automation systems technology, which was considered as
science-fiction, has been transformed in reality when it
was introduced formally by the American Association of
House Builders [8]. After that, a wide variety of studies
have been introduced in the field of smart homes. This
paper will categorize the previous work on the basis of
the wireless communication technologies utilized in the
system to achieve sensing, remote data transfer and
controlling like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GSM.
Since Bluetooth technology has become a built in
technology in the majority of smartphone devices as well
as it is secure and simple, so that it is considered as a Fig. 1. General conceptual model of Bluetooth based
low-cost solution for wireless connection between home smart home system
automation systems and smartphones. Hence, numerous
home automation system studies have been presented Researchers tried to extend the connection range so
based on the Bluetooth communication technology. The that to employ the WiFi technology to connect to the
system presented in [9] consists of two main hardware internet to remotely access and control home devices and
devices: the Arduino Bluetooth and the smartphone. The appliances. A distributed home automation system has
communications between these two parts are done using been developed using WiFi technology to be the network
a python script. The python script is hosted by the infrastructure connecting its parts [13]. This system
smartphone to enable the user to access and control the mainly comprises two parts; the first one is the web
home appliances. A smart living system based on server which acts as system core responsible for
Bluetooth and android smartphone has been introduced controlling, managing, and monitoring users' home.
in [10]. The system is called home lighting control The second part is represented by hardware interface
system and it consists of a microchip and several that provides proper connection to sensors and actuators
Bluetooth modules making a network of Bluetooth of home automation system. Integration between ZigBee
devices called "Piconet" [10]. The Bluetooth devices and WiFi technologies to establish a smart home
connected are based on the master-slave structure where automation system has been introduced in [14]. The
the Bluetooth smartphone acts as the master one while system includes sensor networks using ZigBee
other Bluetooth devices, linked to the switches and home technology to connect ZigBee and devices hosted by the
lighting system, work as slave devices. The microchip sensor nodes that can monitor temperature and humidity.
constantly checks the status of the lights and of input The sensors send the information to the microcontroller
commands from the smartphone.Some of the Smart which hosts the ZigBee coordinator. The microcontroller
home systems, Bluetooth based, are designed to serve a transmits the sensed data to a WiFi base station so that it
specific task at home such as locking/unlocking home can be remotely accessed and controlled through the
doors [11]-[12]. The security system developed in [11] internet by a PC and/or smartphone.
can control doors locks at home. The system requires to Therefore, the use of WiFi technology in home
be used in short range communication so that it is based automation system can eliminate the limitation of the
upon Bluetooth communication technology [11]. Java connection distance that occurred in Bluetooth
programming language is used to design the GUI of the technology. However, WiFi based projects require a
program hosted by android smartphone. The system can reliable and robust internet connection to assure the
actuate a pin that can lock/unlock a door using an system connectivity. In addition, the design cost and
android smartphone. Another study done in [12], presents complexity issues cannot be neglected in such projects.
a project that can assist people with physical disabilities Fig. 2 shows a general paradigm for WiFi based smart
to lock and unlock home door. The project utilizes a home systems.
Bluetooth module to establish the communication
between the user smartphone and the microcontroller
board then to the door lock.
The authors designed an android application called
Lockit Door, by using Java language, to allow the user
gain control on locking or unlocking the home door. The
project is tested and evaluated using three different
locations: indoor (non-obstacle), outdoor (non-obstacle),
and indoor (obstacle). Although Bluetooth can provide
secure, simple, and low-cost connection among different
smart home systems and mobile devices, it can only be
Fig. 2. General conceptual model of WiFi based smart home system
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Automatic Control, Vol. 9, N. 6
424
Hadi Jameel, Husam Kareem
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Automatic Control, Vol. 9, N. 6
425
Hadi Jameel, Husam Kareem
IV.1. Hardware activation code and waits for an event (movement). The
second stage starts when an event is detected
The main hardware component of the system
(movement), the system will turn on the warning and
prototype is represented by the microcontroller(s). As
monitoring services. The last stage can be defined as the
stated above, the system contains one central
deactivation stage since the system will continue
microcontroller and one or more secondary
activating its services till a deactivation code is entered.
microcontroller(s) connected and operated as
master/slave microcontrollers. The Arduino Mega board
based on ATmega2560 microcontroller is used to V.1. Activation Stage
function as the master one while the Arduino Uno board
based on ATmega328 microcontroller is employed to At the beginning, the system is not active and to
operate as the slave. As mentioned in the IEEE spectrum activate it, it is required to enter the activation code.
"Arduino has become the most influential open-source Once the code is entered, the LCD displays an invalid pin
hardware movement of its time" [18]. Moreover, a PIR in case the entered code is incorrect. Whereas, the LCD
motion detection sensor which detects the Infrared Rays displays a valid pin and after that shows that the system
released by human body motion within the detection area activated to inform the user that the system is in the
of 7 Meters is used. A mini WiFi Camera combined with activation mode. When a movement is detected, this
a servo motor is used to start an immediate recording stage is finished and moves to the second stage. The
upon movement detection. operation procedure is shown in Fig. 5.
The system uses a GSM communication technology to
communicate with the user. Lastly, a keypad is used to
input the system activation key to the master
microcontroller. A block diagram that shows the
input/output devices is presented in Fig. 4.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Automatic Control, Vol. 9, N. 6
426
Hadi Jameel, Husam Kareem
if so, it would make all the functions mentioned in stage of the most reliable and robust communication
two. In contrast, a valid key is entered, LCD displays technologies. As a part of future works, more functions
valid pin then shows system deactivated statement. A will be added to the system and more slave
flowchart of this stage is shown in Fig. 7. microcontrollers will implement and evaluate the system
in real building not just as a prototype.
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Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Automatic Control, Vol. 9, N. 6
427
Hadi Jameel, Husam Kareem
Authors’ information
1
Ministry of Higher Education of Iraq / Al-Mustafa University College.
2
Ministry of Education of Iraq / Directorate of Baghdad Education
(Karkh3).
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review of Automatic Control, Vol. 9, N. 6
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