Ansi Awwa c216-07

ANSI/AWWA C216-07
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C216-00)
The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®
AWWA Standard
Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked
Polyolefin Coatings for the
Exterior of Special Sections,
Connections, and Fittings for
Steel Water Pipelines
SM
Effective date: Sept. 1, 2007

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Jan. 29, 1989.
This edition approved Jan. 21, 2007.
Approved by American National Standards Institute June 20, 2007.
6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Denver, CO 80235-3098 Communications
T 800.926.7337 Conferences
www.awwa.org Education and Training
䉴 Science and Technology
Sections
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Copyright American Water Works Association

Provided by IHS under license with AWWA Copyright ©2007 American Water Works Association
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA standards
describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information normally
contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the user of the
standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication
of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve
any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a consensus of
the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service. When AWWA revises or withdraws
this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the first page of the classified advertising section of Journal
AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the
official notice.
American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An
American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The
existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved
the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not
conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to
obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are encouraged to
state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags or labels that the goods are produced
in conformity with particular American National Standards.
CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this standard
indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any
time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years
from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards
by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, Fourth Floor, New York, NY 10036;
(212) 642-4900.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Science and Technology

AWWA unites the entire water community by developing and distributing authoritative scientific and technological
knowledge. Through its members, AWWA develops industry standards for products and processes that advance public
health and safety. AWWA also provides quality improvement programs for water and wastewater utilities.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system, except in the form of brief excerpts
or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of the publisher.
Copyright © 2007 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii
Committee Personnel
The Steel Water Pipe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC)

Task Group for AWWA C216, which developed this standard, had the following per-
sonnel at the time:
Robert M. Buchanan, Chair
R.M. Buchanan, Canusa—CPS, Toronto, Ont. (AWWA)

B. Ellis, Greensboro, N.C. (AWWA)
R.W. Geary, Tek-Rap Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
D. Kathrein, Tapecoat Company, Litchfield, Minn. (AWWA)
A.L. Mamish, Tyco Adhesives, Chula Vista, Calif. (AWWA)
D.A. Scott, Calgary, Alta. (AWWA)
M.S. Soloninka, Shaw Pipe Protection, Houston, Texas (AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Langley, B.C. (AWWA)
The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved this
standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
John H. Bambei Jr., Chair

George J. Tupac, Vice-Chair
Dennis Dechant, Secretary
General Interest Members
W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)

R.L. Coffey, HDR Engineering Inc., Omaha, Neb. (AWWA)
H.E. Dunham, MWH Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch Corporation, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
J.W. Green, McDonough Associates Inc., Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
M.B. Horsley,* Black & Veatch Corporation, Overland Park, Kan. (AWWA)
* Alternate
iii
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

J.K. Jeyapalan, Pipeline Consultant, New Milford, Conn. (AWWA)
J.L. Mattson, Corrosion Control Technologies, Sandy, Utah (AWWA)
W.J. Moncrief,* HDR Engineering Inc., San Diego, Calif. (AWWA)
R. Ortega, Lockwood Andrews & Newman Inc., Houston, Texas (AWWA)
A.E. Romer, Boyle Engineering Corporation, Newport Beach, Calif. (AWWA)
H.R. Stoner, Consultant, North Plainfield, N.J. (AWWA)
C.C. Sundberg, CH2M Hill Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
G.J. Tupac, G.J. Tupac & Associates Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. (AWWA)
J.S. Wailes,† Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Orlando, Fla. (AWWA)
M.C. Young,* Council Liaison, Bucher Willis & Ratliss Corporation,
Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Producer Members
S.A. Arnaout, Hanson Pipe & Products Inc., Dallas, Texas (AWWA)
H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron International, Rancho Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
M. Bauer, Tnemec Company Inc., North Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Victaulic Depend-O-Lok Inc., Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)
R.R. Carpenter, American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (MSS)
D. Dechant, Northwest Pipe Company, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Continental Pipe Manufacturing Company, Pleasant Grove, Utah (SPFA)
J.L. Luka,† American SpiralWeld Pipe Company, Columbia, S.C. (AWWA)
B.F. Vanderploeg,* Northwest Pipe Company, Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus International Sales Inc., Langley, B.C. (AWWA)
* Alternate
† Liaison, nonvoting
iv
User Members
G.A. Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Little Neck, N.Y. (AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
D.W. Coppes, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority,
Southborough, Mass. (NEWWA)
R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR)
G. George, Tacoma Water, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA)
T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
La Verne, Calif. (AWWA)
G. Oljaca, Greater Vancouver Regional District, Burnaby, B.C. (AWWA)
V.B. Soto, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
M. McReynolds,* Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
La Mirada, Calif. (AWWA)
G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, Escondido, Calif. (AWWA)
J.V. Young, City of Richmond, Burnaby, B.C. (AWWA)
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
* Alternate
v
This page intentionally blank.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format
may be found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.2 Quality............................................... 4
I Introduction...................................... ix 4.3 Coating System.................................. 4
I.A Background....................................... ix 4.4 Field and Shop Coating Application.. 5
I.B History.............................................. ix 4.5 Field Procedures................................. 8
II Special Issues..................................... ix 5 Verification
II.A General ............................................. ix 5.1 Inspection by the Purchaser ............... 9
II.B Weld-After-Backfill ........................... ix 5.2 Acceptance Testing .......................... 10
III Use of This Standard ........................ ix 5.3 Material and Coating-Systems
III.A Purchaser Options and Tests ............................................. 10
Alternatives ......................................ix 5.4 Electrical Inspection for
III.B Modification to Standard................... x Continuity ......................................12
IV Major Revisions ................................. x 5.5 Nonconformance ............................. 13
V Comments ........................................ xi 6 Delivery
6.1 Packaging......................................... 14
Standard
6.2 Marking ........................................... 14
1 General 6.3 Shipping, Handling, and Storing..... 14
1.1 Scope ................................................. 1 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance................... 14
1.2 Purpose .............................................. 2
1.3 Application ........................................ 2 Tables
2 References......................................... 2 1 Physical and Performance Requirements
3 Definitions ....................................... 3 for Heat-Shrinkable Coatings ....... 6
4 Requirements
4.1 Permeation......................................... 4
vii
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Foreword
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of ANSI/AWWA C216.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Heat-shrinkable cross-linked polyolefin coatings for exter-
nal use on special sections, connections, and fittings for underground steel water
pipelines have been used since 1960. This standard establishes required performance
standards for heat-shrinkable cross-linked polyolefin coatings.
I.B. History. The first edition of this standard was approved by the AWWA
Board of Directors on Jan. 29, 1989, and had an effective date of July 1, 1989. The
second edition was approved on June 19, 1994, with an effective date of Aug. 1,
1995. The third edition was approved on Jan. 23, 2000. This edition was approved
on Jan. 21, 2007.
II. Special Issues.
II.A. General. ANSI/AWWA C216 is intended to govern the exterior coating
of special sections, connections, and fittings for steel water pipelines for underground
or underwater installation under normal conditions. ANSI/AWWA C216 is based on
the best-known experience, but it is not intended for unqualified use under all
conditions. The advisability of its use for any installation must be reviewed by the
purchaser.
II.B. Weld-After-Backfill. Weld-After-Backfill is the sequence of assembling a
welded joint, welding the outside joint (if required), applying the exterior coating(s),
backfilling the pipe, and then welding the inside joint at a later time (where internal
welding is safe and practical). Weld-After-Backfill is an acceptable practice provided
that the requirements of all applicable AWWA standards are followed. Consult with
the manufacturers and all other responsible parties regarding recommended products,
installation and backfill procedures required for the Weld-After-Backfield sequence.
At the request of the purchaser, the coating manufacturer shall provide testing or
historical information to verify that the exterior joint coating will retain minimum
performance requirements in accordance with the applicable standard throughout the
heat-affected area.
III. Use of This Standard.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be
included by the purchaser:
ix
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C216, Heat-Shrinkable
Cross-Linked Polyolefin Coatings for the Exterior of Special Sections, Connections,
and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines, of latest revision.
2. Whether compliance with NSF/ANSI 61, Drinking Water System Compo-
nents—Health Effects, is required, in addition to the requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
3. Any exceptions to the standard that may be required.
4. Description and number of each type of special sections, connections, and
fittings for type of exterior protection.
5. Underground or underwater conditions.
6. Severe conditions (Sec. 1.1.1).
7. Maximum operating potable water temperature of the pipeline (Sec. 1.1.2).
8. Configuration of coating (Sec. 4.3.1.1).
9. Coating dimensions (Sec. 4.3.1.3).
10. Thickness (Sec. 4.3.1.4).
11. Surface preparation (Sec. 4.4.2).
12. Repair (Sec. 4.4.4).
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
13. Conditions for outdoor storage (Sec. 4.4.5).

14. Bedding and trench backfill (Sec. 4.5.3).
15. Acceptance testing (Sec. 5.2). NOTE: With reference to Sec. 5.2 (option 2),
when submission of samples of proposed materials for testing by the purchaser is
specified, the purchaser should address how testing costs will be assigned. According
to commonly accepted industry practice, the purchaser is responsible for the cost of
initial testing of coating material samples originally offered by the constructor. If any
initial samples fail to conform to the standard, additional samples may be tested. The
constructor pays for any additional testing.
16. Coating materials tests (Sec. 5.3).
17. Packaging (Sec. 6.1).
18. Affidavit of compliance if required (Sec. 6.4).
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, defini-
tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided by the purchaser.
IV. Major Revisions. Major changes made to the standard in this edition are
as follows:
1. Added Weld-After-Backfill language to the foreword (Sec. II.B).
2. Eliminated the method of cross-linking in Sec. 1.1.
x
3. Eliminated the reference to DIN 30672 in Section 2.
4. Added a new section (Sec. 4.1) on permeation.
5. Added provisions for repair patches in Sec. 4.2 (now Sec. 4.3).
6. Added requirements for lap shear and upgraded the requirements for adhesion
in Table 1.
7. Added a description of filler materials for bell-and-spigot and mechanical joint
step-downs in Sec. 4.4.3.
8. Added requirements for lap shear in Sec. 5.3.
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Volunteer & Technical Support Group at 303.794.7711, FAX
303.795.7603, write to the group at 6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, CO 80235-
3098, or e-mail standards@awwa.org.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
xi
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

ANSI/AWWA C216-07
(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C216-00)
AWWA Standard
Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin

Coatings for the Exterior of Special
Sections, Connections, and Fittings for
Steel Water Pipelines
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope

This standard describes the material, application, and field-procedure require-
ments for protective exterior coatings consisting of heat-shrinkable, cross-linked
polyolefin coatings. ANSI/AWWA C216 also describes the application of protective
exterior coatings to special sections, connections, and fittings to be used in
underground and underwater steel water pipelines.
Heat-shrinkable, cross-linked polyolefin coatings may be field or shop applied as
provided in this standard. This standard describes only heat-shrinkable coatings that
consist of a cross-linked polyolefin backing that has been coated with an adhesive.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
These coatings are referred to as heat-shrinkable coatings throughout the remainder

of this standard.
1
2 AWWA C216-07
1.1.1 Conditions not discussed in this standard. This standard does not discuss
the additional materials and procedures that may be required for severe conditions,
such as those encountered during construction of some underwater lines, casing pipe,
river crossings, and lines in exceptionally rocky areas. Also, applications such as
extensive shop or field coating of steel pipe can exist that indicate a possible
modification to the standard material may need to be considered. Under these
conditions, the manufacturer should be consulted for specific recommendations for
use of heat-shrinkable coatings in these specialized applications.
1.1.2 Maximum temperature. AWWA pipe coating standards are intended to
apply to potable water service. The maximum service temperature of this coating
system is based on the maximum service temperature of potable water. The purchaser
shall consult the heat-shrinkable coating manufacturer for conditions and limitations.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for heat-
shrinkable coatings, including material, application, inspection, testing, marking, and
packaging.
Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving
heat-shrinkable coatings and can be used as a guide for the inspection and testing of
heat-shrinkable coatings. The provisions of this standard apply only to heat-
shrinkable coatings used for external corrosion protection of special sections,
connections, and fittings for underground and underwater steel water pipelines.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they
form a part of this standard to the extent specified. In any case of conflict, the
requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI/AWWA C203—Coal-Tar Protective Coatings and Linings for Steel Water
Pipelines—Enamel and Tape—Hot-Applied.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ANSI/AWWA C209—Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of Special

Sections, Connections, and Fittings for Steel Water Pipelines.

HEAT-SHRINKABLE POLYOLEFIN COATINGS 3
ASTM* D149—Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and

Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at Commercial Power
Frequencies.
ASTM D257—Standard Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials.
ASTM D638—Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.
ASTM D1000—Standard Test Method for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated
Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applications.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASTM D1002—Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-

Lap Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Tension Loading.
ASTM E96—Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of
Materials.
ASTM G14—Standard Test Method for Impact Resistance of Pipeline
Coatings.
SSPC†-AB 1—Mineral and Slag Abrasives.
SSPC-AB 3—Ferrous Metallic Abrasive.
SSPC-SP 6/NACE‡ No. 3—Commercial Blast Cleaning.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Constructor: The party that furnishes the work and materials for
placement or installation.
2. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
3. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
*ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

†SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.
‡NACE International, 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, TX 77084.

4 AWWA C216-07
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Sec. 4.1 Permeation

The selection of materials is critical for water service and distribution piping in
locations where there is likelihood the pipe will be exposed to significant
concentrations of pollutants composed of low-molecular-weight petroleum products
or organic solvents or their vapors. Documented research has shown that pipe
materials such as polyethylene, polybutylene, polyvinyl chloride, asbestos cement,
and elastomers, such as those used in jointing gaskets and packing glands, are subject
to permeation by lower-molecular-weight organic solvents or petroleum products. If
a water pipe must pass through such a contaminated area or an area subject to
contamination, consult with the manufacturer regarding permeation of pipe walls,
jointing materials, and so on before selecting materials for use in that area.
Sec. 4.2 Quality

Materials provided by the constructor shall be of the specified quality. The
entire operation of applying the heat-shrinkable coating shall be performed by
workers trained in the application of heat-shrinkable coating systems.
Sec. 4.3 Coating System

Heat-shrinkable coatings consist of material fabricated from cross-linked
polyolefin sheet with an adhesive. After they are installed, the heat-shrinkable
coatings shall conform to all surface contours of the pipe.
4.3.1 General requirements. Heat-shrinkable coatings shall conform to the
following requirements:
4.3.1.1 Materials. Heat-shrinkable coatings shall be laminates that consist of
a cross-linked polyolefin backing and a homogeneous adhesive layer. The adhesive
may be either a mastic or a hot melt-type. The prefabricated heat-shrinkable
polyolefin coating shall be one of the following types:
Type I: Tubular-type coatings: These are installed before joining the pipe
ends by sliding the heat-shrinkable coating from a free end of the pipe onto the area
to be coated.
Type II: Wraparound-type coatings: These are wrapped circumferentially
around the pipe area to be coated. Each wraparound heat-shrinkable coating is

provided with either a separate or a pre-attached closure, as supplied by the

manufacturer, that secures the overlap during the shrinking process.
Type III: Tape-type coatings: These are helically wrapped around the pipe
area to be coated, with an overlap as recommended by the manufacturer.
Type IV: Heat-applied coating repair patches: These are patches made of
cross-linked backing and coated with an adhesive in the same manner as the heat-
shrinkable coating; these are used to repair either mainline coating damage or heat-
shrinkable coating damage.
4.3.1.2 Form. Type I coatings are provided in sleeves of predetermined
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
diameters to fit the steel pipe. Type II coatings are supplied in individually precut
sizes or in roll form. Type III coatings are provided in roll form. Type IV coatings are
provided as precut patches or in roll form.
4.3.1.3 Dimensions. The manufacturer shall provide precut heat-shrinkable
coatings in standard widths. Unless the purchaser specifies otherwise, the manufac-
turer’s recommendations for overlap and coverage should be followed.
4.3.1.4 Thickness. Type I and type II heat-shrinkable coatings shall have a
minimum thickness of 60 mil (1.5 mm) as supplied. Type III coatings shall have a
minimum thickness of 45 mil (1.1 mm) as supplied. Type IV heat-applied coating
repair patches shall have a minimum thickness of 45 mil (1.1 mm) as supplied. The
purchaser shall specify coating type.
4.3.2 Coating physical and performance requirements. Table 1 defines the
physical and performance requirements for heat-shrinkable coatings.
Sec. 4.4 Field and Shop Coating Application

4.4.1 Equipment. The constructor’s equipment for cleaning and coating
shall be designed and maintained to comply with the procedures and to obtain the
results required by this standard.
4.4.2 Surface preparation.
4.4.2.1 Bare surface. Bare surfaces shall be free from mud, mill scale,
lacquer, wax, paint, coal tar, asphalt, oil, grease, and other foreign material. Before
cleaning, surfaces shall be inspected and, if required, precleaned according to SSPC-
SP 1 to remove oil, grease, and loosely adhering deposits. Only prevailing code safety
solvents that do not leave a residue shall be used. Preheating to remove oil, grease,
mill scale, water, and ice may be used, provided surfaces are preheated in a uniform

6 AWWA C216-07
Table 1 Physical and performance requirements for heat-shrinkable coatings
Property Requirement Test Method

Width deviation (max) ±10% width or 0.25 in. (6 mm), whichever is smaller Sec. 5.3.1
Thickness (as supplied, min) Type I: 60 mil (1.5 mm) Sec. 5.3.2
Type II: 60 mil (1.5 mm) Sec. 5.3.2
Type III: 45 mil (1.1 mm) Sec. 5.3.2
Type IV: 45 mil (1.1 mm) Sec. 5.3.2
Water-vapor transmission (max) 0.05 g/h/m2 Sec. 5.3.3
Dielectric strength (min) 400 V/mil (15 V/µm) Sec. 5.3.4
Volume resistivity (min) 1014 ohm-centimeter Sec. 5.3.5
Adhesion to steel (min) 15 lb/in. width (25 N/cm) Sec. 5.3.6
Lap shear (min) 12 psi (83 kPa) Sec. 5.3.7
Heat shock (test for cross linking of No visual cracking, flowing, or dripping Sec. 5.3.8
backing)
Tensile strength (min) 2,200 psi (15.2 MPa) Sec. 5.3.9
Elongation (min) 400% Sec. 5.3.10
Impact resistance (min) 25 in.-lb (282 cm-N) Sec. 5.3.11
manner to avoid distortion. The constructor shall inspect the field joint surface for
visible dents, scabs, slivers, and other damage. Defects shall be corrected.
4.4.2.2 Cleaning. Bonding surfaces shall be cleaned to achieve a surface
preparation as specified by the heat-shrinkable coating manufacturer’s installation
recommendations unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.
4.4.2.3 Abrasive blast cleaning. If required by the purchaser or heat-
shrinkable coating manufacturer, bare steel surfaces shall be abrasive blast cleaned
with mineral abrasives, slag abrasives, steel shot, or steel grit (reference SSPC Abrasive
Specifications SSPC-AB 1 and SSPC-AB 3) in accordance with SSPC-SP 6/NACE
No. 3. The blast anchor pattern or profile depth shall be a minimum of 2 mils
(50 µm) measured in accordance with ASTM D4417.
4.4.2.4 Visual comparative standards. If required by the purchaser, before
abrasive blast cleaning is started, the applicator shall prepare a representative area of
the abrasive-blast-cleaned surfaces on the actual work surface as well as visual
standards on panels that are a minimum of 6 in. × 6 in. × 0.25 in. (150 mm ×
150 mm × 6.4 mm). On agreement between the purchaser and constructor that the
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

visual standard meet the requirements of Sec. 4.4.2.4, the panels shall be wrapped in
4 mil to 6 mil (100 µm to 150 µm) plastic, sealed with tape, or otherwise protected
from surface contamination and corrosion, and maintained as a visual reference
standard throughout the coating operation. Alternatively, other industry-accepted
visual comparative standards, such as those provided by NACE or SSPC and agreed
on by the purchaser and constructor, may be used.
4.4.2.5 Abrasive working mix. When blasting equipment is employed using
recycled abrasive blast media, the abrasive working mix shall be maintained free of
contaminants.
4.4.2.6 Protection from moisture. Cleaned surfaces shall be protected from
conditions of high humidity, rainfall, or surface moisture and shall not be allowed to
flash rust before the heat-shrinkable coating is applied.
If corrosion products form, the surface must be prepared again by cleaning in
accordance with original requirements. At the time of heat-shrinkable coating
application, the steel substrate temperature shall be at least 5°F (3°C) above the dew
point, and relative humidity at time of application shall not exceed the coating
manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.4.3 Application.
4.4.3.1 Procedure. The heat-shrinkable coating manufacturer shall provide
both the purchaser and the constructor with the specific application procedure used
for each type of heat-shrinkable coating system. The installed thickness shall
conform to the purchaser’s requirements, but in no instance shall the installed
thickness be less than the minimum thickness provided in Table 1.
4.4.3.2 Overlaps. The heat-shrinkable coating shall bond to and overlap the
mill coating by a minimum of 2 in. (50 mm) after final application. For type II
coatings, the overlap/underlap at the closure area shall be as specified by the
manufacturer. For type III coatings, the tape shall be spirally applied with an overlap
width as recommended by the manufacturer.
4.4.3.3 Filler material. Where the assembled joints are bell and spigot or
mechanical joints and any associated welding specifications do not require an external
fillet weld, a compatible, moldable mastic filler, as agreed on by the purchaser prior
to commencement of the work, may be required and applied at the step-down area
prior to application of the heat-shrinkable coating.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

8 AWWA C216-07
4.4.3.4 Coal-tar enamel coatings. When the heat-shrinkable coating is

applied to pipe coated with an ANSI/AWWA C203 coal-tar enamel coating, the kraft
paper or whitewash shall be removed from the area to be overlapped.
4.4.3.5 Training. The constructor, at the request of the purchaser or at the
constructor’s option, may arrange to have the manufacturer demonstrate the proper
method of application.
4.4.3.6 Installation temperatures. Maximum and minimum temperatures
for applying and handling coatings specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.
The surface temperature prior to coating application shall be as specified by the
coating manufacturer.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
4.4.4 Repair. Damaged or flawed areas, holidays, and mislaps shall be

repaired by using type I, type II, type III, or type IV coatings as recommended by the
coating manufacturer. Cold-applied tape coatings conforming to ANSI/
AWWA C209 may also be used as recommended by the coating manufacturer. The
damaged area shall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturer’s application
recommendations, but be covered with a minimum of 2-in. (50-mm) overlap beyond
the damaged area. The repaired area shall be tested with a holiday detector as
described in Sec. 5.4.1 after the repair is completed.
4.4.5 Outdoor storage. Because environmental conditions vary, the purchaser
should consult with the manufacturer as to the specific conditions, including
ultraviolet-light exposure, to which the coated pipe will be subjected when it is stored
aboveground prior to installation.
Sec. 4.5 Field Procedures

The constructor shall use every precaution to prevent damage to the protective
coating when constructing the pipeline. No metal tools or heavy objects shall be
permitted to come into contact with the finished coating. Workers shall be permitted
to walk on the coating only when necessary, at which times they shall wear only shoes
with rubber or composition soles and heels. Any damage to the special sections,
connections, and fittings or the protective coating from any cause during installation
and before final acceptance by the purchaser shall be repaired as directed by the
purchaser.
4.5.1 Protection during welding. A heat-resistant material with a minimum
width of 18 in. (450 mm) shall be draped over the top half of the pipe on each side

of the coating holdback during welding to avoid damage to the coating by hot weld
spatter.
4.5.2 Hoisting. Wide belt slings shall be used to hoist coated pipes. The use
of chains, cables, tongs, or other equipment likely to damage the heat-shrinkable
coating shall not be permitted, nor shall the pipe be dragged or skidded. The
constructor shall allow the coating on the underside of coated pipes to be inspected
while the pipes are suspended. Any heat-shrinkable coating damage shall be repaired
according to Sec. 4.4.4.
4.5.3 Bedding and trench backfill. Bedding and backfilling operations shall
be performed in a manner to avoid abrasion or other damage to both the factory- and
field-applied coatings. Unless the purchaser specifies otherwise, the following
requirements shall be met:
4.5.3.1 Where the trench traverses rocky ground containing hard objects that
could penetrate the protective coating, a layer of screened earth, sand, crushed rock,
or gravel no less than 6 in. (150 mm) thick with a maximum particle size of
3/4 in. (19 mm) shall be placed in the bottom of the trench before installing the
coated pipe. Other materials approved by the purchaser may be used in place of those
noted above.
4.5.3.2 Backfill around the exterior of the coated pipe shall be placed only
after the purchaser has completed the final inspection and has accepted the exterior
heat-shrinkable coating. If rocks or other hard objects are in the backfill material
along any section of the pipeline, screened backfill with a maximum particle size of
3/4 in. (19 mm) shall be placed around the coated pipe to a minimum depth of 6 in.
(150 mm) above the heat-shrinkable coating before the remainder of the trench is
backfilled.
4.5.3.3 Bedding and backfill in the trench shall be compacted as specified by
the purchaser. Compaction with metal rods or other metal tools that could come into
contact with and damage the heat-shrinkable coating shall not be permitted.
SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection by the Purchaser

5.1.1 Optional inspection. If specified, the entire procedure of applying the
protective heat-shrinkable coating material as described in this standard may be
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

10 AWWA C216-07
inspected from the time the pipe surface is prepared to the time the heat-shrinkable
coating application is completed. The constructor shall provide materials and
perform work conforming to this standard whether or not the purchaser requires an
inspection.
5.1.2 Surface inspection. The cleaned surfaces shall be inspected for adequate
surface preparation.
5.1.3 Coating application inspection. Coating work that fails to meet the
requirements of this standard shall be rejected whether the coating work is carried out
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
in the presence or absence of the purchaser.
5.1.4 Access of purchaser. The purchaser shall have access to the construction
site and to those parts of plants and field operations that are concerned with the
performance of work according to this standard.
5.1.5 Facilities for purchaser. The constructor shall provide the purchaser
with reasonable facilities and space to inspect, test, and obtain any information
desired regarding the character of material used, how the materials are applied, the
progress and manner of the work, and the results obtained.
Sec. 5.2 Acceptance Testing

Acceptance of the proposed heat-shrinkable coating materials shall be as
specified by the purchaser from the following options: (1) acceptance of manufac-
turer’s certified test reports submitted by the constructor; (2) acceptance of testing of
samples of proposed materials submitted by the constructor with testing conducted
by the purchaser in the purchaser’s laboratory or by a responsible commercial
laboratory designated by the purchaser; or (3) another basis defined and specified by
the purchaser.
Sec. 5.3 Material and Coating-Systems Tests

Laboratory tests to establish material compliance with the provisions of this
standard are as follows:
5.3.1 Coating width. For type I and type II coatings, three discrete product
sleeves shall be selected at random and placed on a smooth, flat surface. For type III
coatings, a specimen that is at least 3 ft (0.9 m) long shall be removed from each of
three randomly selected rolls of material. The width of the specimen shall be
measured to the nearest 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) at 10 locations along the length of the

sample. Any deviation from the values in Table 1 shall constitute failure of the
requirement.
5.3.2 Coating thickness. The thickness of the heat-shrinkable coating, as
supplied, shall be measured at not less than 10 locations on each of the three
specimens used in Sec. 5.3.1. The thickness shall be measured with a micrometer
calibrated to read in thousandths of an inch and having contact feet of not less than
1/4 in. (6 mm) in diameter. The average of the 10 measurements shall not be less than
that shown in Table 1. No single measurement shall deviate more than 15 percent
from the average value. The thickness of the adhesive shall be at least equal to the
thickness of the cross-linked polyolefin backing.
5.3.3 Water-vapor transmission. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested
for water-vapor transmission according to ASTM E96 (method B). An average value
in excess of the limit in Table 1 shall constitute failure of the coating to meet the
requirement.
5.3.4 Dielectric strength. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for
dielectric breakdown according to ASTM D149 using a 1-in. (25-mm) diameter
electrode and 500-V/s voltage rise. A value below the limit in Table 1 shall constitute
a failure of the coating to meet the requirement.
5.3.5 Volume resistivity. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for
volume resistivity according to ASTM D257. A value below the limit in Table 1 shall
constitute failure of the coating to meet the requirement.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.3.6 Adhesion. The heat-shrinkable coating system shall be tested for
adhesion according to ASTM D1000. An average value below the limit in Table 1
shall constitute failure of the coating to meet the requirement.
5.3.7 Lap Shear. The heat-shrinkable coating system shall be tested for
adhesion according to ASTM D1002 with a test speed of 2 in./min (50 mm/min).
An average value below the limit in Table 1 shall constitute failure of the coating to
meet the requirement.
5.3.8 Heat shock. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for heat shock
by removing the adhesive from the polyolefin sheet before performing the test and
hanging a strip of the prepared sheet in a 392°F (200°C) oven for 4 hr. The sheet will
shrink but should show no dripping, flowing, or visible cracking as specified in
Table 1.

12 AWWA C216-07
NOTE: Contact the manufacturer for specific details for removing the adhesive
and for performing this test because normally it is only performed during in-process
manufacturing.
5.3.9 Tensile strength. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for tensile
strength according to ASTM D638. An average value below the limit in Table 1 shall
constitute failure to meet the requirement.
5.3.10 Elongation. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for elongation
according to ASTM D638. An average value below the limit in Table 1 shall
constitute failure to meet the requirement.
5.3.11 Impact resistance. The heat-shrinkable coating shall be tested for impact
resistance according to ASTM G14. An average value below the limit in Table 1 shall
constitute failure of the coating to meet the requirement.
Sec. 5.4 Electrical Inspection for Continuity

After the heat-shrinkable coating has been properly applied, the constructor
shall conduct an electrical inspection of all coated surfaces with an electrical holiday
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
detector. Any defect in the continuous coating shall be satisfactorily repaired.
5.4.1 Detector. The electrical equipment used to test the heat-shrinkable
coating in the shop or yard and in the field shall be a portable, low-amperage,
adjustable-voltage, pulse holiday detector that employs an audible signaling device.
The holiday detector shall use a coil-spring electrode or a brush electrode.
5.4.1.1 The primary input power shall be no higher than 20 W, and the
minimum pulses at crest voltage shall be 20 Hz.
5.4.1.2 The operating voltage of the detector shall be determined by the
following formula:
V = 1,250 t (Eq 1)
Where:
V = the inspection voltage
t = average system thickness as determined by Sec. 5.3.2, in mils

5.4.1.3 Because of variables, such as relative humidity and temperature, the

detector voltage shall be checked no less than twice daily, that is, before starting work
in the morning and before resuming work in the afternoon. To ensure proper
inspection voltage, the equipment shall be properly grounded and the voltage
adjusted according to the instructions of the equipment manufacturer.
5.4.2 Detector use. After the voltage has been properly checked, the electrode
shall be passed over the coated surface, one time only, at a rate of approximately
30–60 ft/min (9–18 m/min). If the electrode is stopped while passing over the coated
surface, the current to the electrode should be cut off immediately to avoid possible
damage to the coating.
5.4.3 Holiday detection and repair. Any holidays will be indicated by an
electrical spark between the electrode and the metal surface and by an audible signal.
The heat-shrinkable coating shall pass the electrical inspection test if no electrical
spark occurs. If an electrical spark occurs between the electrode and the metal surface,
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the holiday shall be marked with a suitable indicator, such as chalk or crayon, to
identify the area for repair. Repairs shall be made according to Sec. 4.4.4.
Sec. 5.5 Nonconformance

5.5.1 Surface. The purchaser may reject pipes if the surface condition does
not comply with the requirements of Sec. 4.4. Articles rejected because of inadequate
cleaning shall be recleaned and reinspected for coating.
5.5.2 Coating work. When inspection is provided by the purchaser, all
coating work not done in the presence of the purchaser may be subject to rejection.
If at any time the procedure of applying the coating material does not meet the
requirements of this standard, the coating work applied using that procedure shall be
rejected.
5.5.3 Coating materials. If any sample of coating material is found not to
conform to this standard, then coating material represented by this sample shall be
rejected. If samples of the constructor’s coating materials that have been previously
accepted are found not to conform to the standard, then all the coating shall be
rejected.

14 AWWA C216-07
SECTION 6: DELIVERY
Sec. 6.1 Packaging

Heat-shrinkable coatings purchased or used according to this standard shall be
packaged in containers that ensure acceptance and safe delivery to their destination.
Preference for individual or multiple packaging of heat-shrinkable coating may be
specified by the purchaser.
6.1.1 Individual items. Each heat-shrinkable coating item shall be packaged
to prevent adherence to the packaging material or the container.
6.1.2 Multiple items. Heat-shrinkable coating materials shall be packaged in
quantities not to exceed the weight limitation of the container specification.
--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Sec. 6.2 Marking

The carton packaging shall be plainly marked with the name of the
manufacturer, type of material, batch or lot number, date of manufacture, and
information as required by federal and state or provincial laws.
Sec. 6.3 Shipping, Handling, and Storing

Coated articles shall be handled, stored, and shipped in a manner that will
prevent damage to the coating. Coating damaged in handling or other operations
shall be repaired satisfactorily at no additional cost to the purchaser. Damage to the
coating shall be repaired according to Sec. 4.4.4.
Sec. 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance

The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer or supplier that
the material provided complies with all applicable requirements of this standard.

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

--`,,```,,,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
AWWA is the authoritative resource for knowledge, information, and advocacy to improve the quality and
supply of water in North America and beyond. AWWA is the largest organization of water professionals in the
world. AWWA advances public health, safety, and welfare by uniting the efforts of the full spectrum of the
entire water community. Through our collective strength we become better stewards of water for the greatest
good of the people and the environment.
1P-3.6M-43216-8/07-JP Printed on recycled paper.


Ansi Awwa c216-07

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ansi Awwa c216-07

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ANSI/AWWA C216-07

(Revision of ANSI/AWWA C216-00)

The Authoritative Resource on Safe Water®

Effective date: Sept. 1, 2007

6666 West Quincy Avenue Advocacy

Copyright American Water Works Association

American National Standard

Science and Technology

Copyright © 2007 by American Water Works Association

The Steel Water Pipe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC)

Robert M. Buchanan, Chair

R.M. Buchanan, Canusa—CPS, Toronto, Ont. (AWWA)

John H. Bambei Jr., Chair

General Interest Members

W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

13. Conditions for outdoor storage (Sec. 4.4.5).

Copyright American Water Works Association

Heat-Shrinkable Cross-Linked Polyolefin

Sec. 1.1 Scope

These coatings are referred to as heat-shrinkable coatings throughout the remainder

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

Sec. 1.3 Application

ANSI/AWWA C209—Cold-Applied Tape Coatings for the Exterior of Special

Copyright American Water Works Association

ASTM* D149—Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and

ASTM D1002—Standard Test Method for Apparent Shear Strength of Single-

*ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 4.1 Permeation

Sec. 4.2 Quality

Sec. 4.3 Coating System

Copyright American Water Works Association

provided with either a separate or a pre-attached closure, as supplied by the

Sec. 4.4 Field and Shop Coating Application

Copyright American Water Works Association

Table 1 Physical and performance requirements for heat-shrinkable coatings

Property Requirement Test Method

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

4.4.3.4 Coal-tar enamel coatings. When the heat-shrinkable coating is

4.4.4 Repair. Damaged or flawed areas, holidays, and mislaps shall be

Sec. 4.5 Field Procedures

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 5.1 Inspection by the Purchaser

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 5.2 Acceptance Testing

Sec. 5.3 Material and Coating-Systems Tests

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 5.4 Electrical Inspection for Continuity

Copyright American Water Works Association

5.4.1.3 Because of variables, such as relative humidity and temperature, the

Sec. 5.5 Nonconformance

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 6.1 Packaging

Sec. 6.2 Marking

Sec. 6.3 Shipping, Handling, and Storing

Sec. 6.4 Affidavit of Compliance

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association