ENTERPRISE

REQUIREMENTS
 Remote method invocations

T ti
Transactions

Load balancing

Back-end integration

Transparent
a spa e t failover
a o e

System management

Logging and auditing

Dynamic redeployment

Clustering

Resource pooling
Security

Clean shutdown 2
Explicit Middleware
Explicit Middleware
fund withdraw(Account account, double amount) {
// 1. Call security middleware API for security check
// 2. Call transaction middleware API to start
transaction
// 3.
3 Call
C ll database
d b middleware
iddl API to load
l d rows
// 4. Subtract amount from account’s balance
// 5. Call database middleware API to store rows
// 6. Call transaction middleware API to end transaction
}

3
Middleware Services
Middleware Services
 They enable us to break up applications into 
y p pp
manageable objects and, more importantly, 
across a network. 
 Need to consider how they scale up when 
applications get larger.
applications get larger. 
 Middleware services such as transactions, 
security and database management have to 
security and database management have to
be included in large‐scale distributed 
computing. 
computing
4
Implicit Middleware
Implicit Middleware
fund withdraw(Account account, double amount) {
// 4. Subtract amount from account’s balance
}

Implicit Middleware

5
Application Server
Application Server
 An application server provides middleware to 
support the tasks. 
 The developer can then focus on rendering the 
business functionalities expected of a system.
 A container is part of an application server.

6
 ENTERPRISE
REQUIREMENTS