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    Hindutva 1923

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    aravind

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    of 68
    HINDUTVA BY A MARATHA MAY 1925 PUBLISHER'S NOTE. WWE Senses oursctves fortunate in being able to. present this publication to the readingoworkd, We av sure that the forcible style, the convincing arguments, the fssionate pleing, and the able survey will attract the atteaton of even those that held diferent viaws trom the author ofthis work, and will suse to reconsider their lecsions after is porasl, Nothing is meeded to introduce the reader to the aubjeet % the author himself will do it, so beawtifoly that, we o sot want t9 stand between the reader and the author sey longer by thmsting an introduction where none is ‘rguired. We have just taken che reader tothe gate frm shore no formal permission or introdation i required, He fas merely fo tum over this and at once be conversant with the author himself | | | ESSENTIALS OF HINDUTVA. ‘We hope thatthe fair Maid of Veroua who made the im- } assoned appal to ber lower to change A name” that wat nor haad, nor fot, nor arm, nar face, nor aay other ort belonging toa man "would forgive ws for this our Waat- fons atlachment to it when we make bold to exert tha, "Windus we are and love to remain so!” We too would, ‘ud wo boon i tho pastion of that good Frias, have avid ther youthful over to yield to the pleasing presi ofthe lie ich so fondly weged Whats a & name? That which we all arose would smell as sweet by any other same” “For, ‘hings do matter more than ther names, expecilly when Jochave to choow one only ofthe two, oF whon ths assoi- ‘on betwen then is ether new oF simple: The very fact that thing is indisted by a dozen sames in « dosea human fogs dans the sapcion that there i an favsiable cone ‘ction of natural concomitnce between sound and the ‘penning it convey. Yet, asthe saucaton of the word with “the thing itsignies grows stronger and Ist long, 0 does the 2 3 cognition, and bie whale being got sufusd witha conscious noe af the presence of Divine Motheshood and Love! What ‘sin amane? Ab! all Ayodhya—Hondls, or nickname channel which connects the two states of consionsness ‘allow an easy Bow of thought from one to another, til last it seems alent imple to separate them. And ‘moddition tot, a numberof secondery thoughts ar ‘hat are gencrally roused by the thing get mystical ‘withthe word that signs it the mame seems to mater och as the thing stilt. Would thefairApostie of the that co movingly questioned "What's in 2 name 2” fiked it hercf to nickname the God of her idolatry Paris” invtead of "Romeo"? or woukd he have seady to'swear by the moon that tipped with sver all Aruit tee toe, that it would serve as sweet and tis Beart to call his“ Juliet” by "any other name" such for example—" Rovaline"? Nay more there are words snp an dean tell extremely complex am ideal ‘ast and abstract generalization which seem t0 take, were a being ite themerivesorlive and grow at an fam wonld do, Sech names though they be ‘nor hand, foot, nor any other part belonging to a man,’ ase not ‘hat, precily becanse they are the very soul of man. ‘become the idea isell and bve longer than men doy Jesus iad but Christ as servived the the“ open same” was not the only word ofits typet "To this category of mams which have been to mankind source of lle and incpration belongs the word Hindutva, the eeential nature and signiicance of which we ‘ecan to investigate into. Theideasand ideas the systems and ix, the thoughts and sentiments which have cxntorad fought andaedjost to have it speed thus) For ine | ia Ht mot the resllant of coontless ations—now ow commingling, now co-perating—of our whl 2 Hindutva is mot a word bot astory. Not ony the (al of religous History of our people as at times it is to be by being confounded withthe other cognate Hinduism, but a history in fll. Hinduism is only a wative,a fection, a part of Hindutva. Unless it made ‘what is meaat by the latter, the fist remsins oninteli fd vague. Failure to ditingush between these two boas given rise to much misunderstanding and) mutual 1 spcion between some of those sister commritis fave inberted this inestimable and common treasure of lindo civiization. What is the fundamental ference the meaning ofthese fwo words would be dear ss out ment proceds. Here itis enough to point out tht ‘Gutva is not Hential with what is vaguely indicated by tere Hin, By an "im" is generally meant ‘or acode more or lu based on spsitual or regis dogma yrtem. But when we attempt to investigate into the Senificance of Hindutva we do not primarily—and ‘word than Hinduism as a near parallel te Hindvtva. fo entracs all the departments of thought and activity the whole Beng of ox Hinda race. Therefor to the sigaiscance of this term Hindutrs, we must ft stand the eceetial meaning of the word Hinda ite realiae bow itcame to exercve such imperial may over earls of aullios over millers of mankind and won a. llegance from the bravest and tet of them. But teem Hinduism, How far we can succeed oar doing that would appear as we proceed. 5 Bag “Asvhongh it would be Marardows at the present stage of ictal wseateh to state deinitely the perind when the foremost Band ofthe intrepid Aryars rade it ther home and fehted their ft sacrifcal fire on the banks of the Sindh, ‘te Inds, yet certain it that long belore the ancient Eayr- Sans and Babylosions bad bait their magnificent vii ‘ot onlyjhad they devdoped a seme of mations ‘bat had already suceeded in giving it “2 lca habit- sod aname'"” Ont oftheir gratitude tothe genial snd artwork of waturways that ran through the land q 6 7 ‘uerstandthedivin love and homage they bare to these we sculy ind tht te Vdimme of o ation ‘ive presided over by “the River —' the Sindh,” ‘nad been ementiooed 6 Ga i ‘hem were bat @ wile aymbel ofthe commen and clare ear ee: fora gen ew: 1 er Sater oppten ‘The Inds in their forward march had yet to most river genial and as fering as these bat, never they forget the attachment they fl and the homage ail to the efi which had welded them into ‘td fumibhed the name which enabled their forefathers oie forth thei sense of stional and cultura unity to this day a fng—a feg—wherever he may happen to vil grateilly remember and symbolically invoke the : tact that ters that hy ay eh andy hi lls Vee rj Hin Knowing ale a iia eat cee aye Ge Cem se gery alfa ad sks pole by ths fom Famers yom qi it ag Ge sree SCE My which they re known to thowe though w aE og sR RTT EY tro them, we can sally covelade that mast ofthe ook ot only hod te pole thes known to themselves al ioe that Durie hen mit hae apie hese eit “Singha” but we Rave dente recs to show that tha Hinks to out land amd people as the anit Pears i were known to their surrounding nations-—at aay rate to one Net nyt, Dt evenin the eye ofthe iam—by that vey name—" fag” The syle) ill iy scared native tides to, mst Dave teen Snowing Sons at ties changed ito) in sone of el he Aryan an fy in he le secs with Prtst aguas bok odin and non-odian. For ex the same lnguitic aw. urbe ony ote Vs Serie ample the word am has become EH not only in tan ogi th hn ein itis ae he aks tut slo in the Eaopa tags fon; we baw stem fogs of the aso of tm dea’ ie, 2 Week in India and “Heptacly” in ey foe a wl ch inated a he cm Sin Sn somes Retin ld Ha eh Al cvs, the tm might hae ald hese 0 at comes EER in Pemian and EC becomes ae rio any infoene from the frign 8 9 ‘the Sansiait W changes into ga often Sn Indian is more universally followed. Now we know it for ‘the mon Indian ones, Theor so far a dete ‘that the rgb ofthe Meigs was, hough very tly, sre concerned it is indaputably clear thatthe fst and ted by scattered tres Some of then sem t0 ave the cradle name chosen by the Patriarches of our race to trendy toward the new-comer and itis aloe certain Signate our nation and one people is WHATS or eafeg roan a individ had served the Aryans guides that simos ll nations of ths then known world seamed tt intzednced them to the anes and nature of the mew ‘ave Known by this very epithet Fags or = to which the Aryans coal not be but loa strangers. So far we have been treading on slid ground of SReenerndingcisFET:” were mt alloraltegethor facts but now we camot ran ourlvs ftom malig ‘to the Aryans a5, at times they are mentiond a ccasioal excursion into the bordand of ‘enevolent and goad natured folks Ths it i probe So far we have not pinned our futh to any theory abot ‘hat many mares given to thee great very the or ‘original ame ofthe Arya. Bat if the mont widely inhabitants of the so may have bez sankritved and ‘theory of thei entrance into Indin be relied en then ‘by the Aryans. We have numeras profs of this ‘eater enoity arises as to the origin ofthe ames by in Inter asimiatve expansion of thew poop ‘hey called the new seers of thei adopted home. Did thir tongue: wine the words Rae, HE, ‘oi all hos: names from ber own tongue ? Coal they ha wort (Alexandria) gee (elucin). 1 thi be trae ‘done 30? Is it wot. genealy trie that when we 1s quite protable thatthe great Indus was own, | bew scene or enter @ new countey we call thm by the ft the orginal inbatitants of ar Ind a eving to ‘names—may be in a slightly changed form so a8 to suit. ‘pecalirity of the Aryans it got changed into FS vocal ability or taste—by which thy ae own to {hey adopted it by the operation af the sane rue tat ‘ative peoplethere? Of cours, at times we love to cll at times the Sansitsd equvaleat of. Thos world senes by names ralolent with thr memory of the dear the mame that this land and the rope hat babe ie ‘nee—eopecally wiben new colonies ar being established from tie 0 immemorial that even the Vedic name Fg ‘ vingn and but thinly populated continent. Bat hi Ita later and secondary form oft. I the pied Fe ‘ton could only be satistactory when it it proved that fis antiquity in the glimmering. twilight of History ‘ame given tothe new place already existed inthe old. the word fg dates its antigity frm a pei so moter ‘try and even then it could not be denied that the othr the ist that even mythology fai to penetrate to—trace cess of calling new scenes by the names which they its source. wv “The activites ots nrg peopl th ngs oF ould 20 loge be kop np or eabined within the ‘amass of the 429% oF the Puja, The vast and sos foctie tod out inviting the flrs of ome Aviron race. Tete afer tie of the Hinds forth som the and tine Narry and le by Selonne fa grott misin and thei Sasi Fie symbol thot he son rained the vas, ase ‘ey thily populated ans. Fors wes eed, oscil, cs ros, kingdoms tre —the onc of haptchaned the whole fae of the wild and nem Bat while ths grat dee were bing achieved the tad developed to suit ther indivi tendencies danas of thie new environments a plty that Iowaly centrale. tine pend en, the distens of new colonics fread, and ieent people ef Tighly developed (yes Lega tobe inept. ito alta, the df! setements began to led fe yet grew more and snore pronounced and powerfal ‘ancient generalizations and names gave way to the ‘Seme called. themsclves ges other aes or PS or while the old genetic name of the Sindhus or Hinds frst overshadowod and then almost forgotten. Not ‘the conception of ational and cultural unity: van ut it asumed other names and other forms, the ‘most important of them being the institution of a Sovesga aay, The day when the Home of Viet re to Ayodhya unchallenged and. sxcallngnle, the white Unrla of Sovereignty was unfurled over the al throne of Ramachandra the beave, Remchandra the and a hvingsllogiancs to him was sno, nat ony by Pines of Aryan Hed Dat Hanumar—Soerive—Bithi> 2 fom th suth—that day was the eal Birdy of oor tu people, Te was rly our catimal day for Angas ‘Anaryans Iitting themselves into a people were bom 4 nation Ie samme up and politically crowned the of the generations hat preceded it ad 3 handed now and common mon, 2comon banner, om case wbih ll he generations after it bad conscioly ‘A-ynthetic conception gains in strength Hit ind term sechasive enough to gre i on clogucnt expr ‘terms stale or mBaRt were not 60 suitable as to ex- the vat spmtheas hat embraced the whole continent {he Tn to th so and aed o eli nto non. te dfn by th nent writers was tbe nd tha By the Himalaya ond the Vindhys. “ena: gefitt tv Aa athooghitwes ested the ame ‘wish gave it bie, Yet and) terelore, $a 18 ‘our patiarchs and people Bad drunk the mie ‘Our fcotier provinces which bordcred. the cous of still long 10 thet sncint name Ry. And he San tet om fot Pea das an integral and an important part of our Ta the eat Mababbarat war the king of Foye prominently od is sai to have been close related 12 ot serve asa common nae to «people that had Aryans and Non-Aryane into common race and had thei caltare—empiro—far beyond the beniing Vindkyadr. This acento nding a slats tem rs the expansive thought ofan Indian Nation was les efectvely met when the house of Bharat came ercke Its sway over the entiw word, Withoat ex Into speculations to wio thi Hlarat wae—the Vat ‘at or the Juin ono—oF what was the exact period at ‘he ud iis here coo fort to know tha his mame as ‘been not only the accepted but the cherished ee ee aaa ee TRE Petts ot cc and ten dehied WMI ara ented fo be recog mu geographies! {eis common motherand and their enmmon ealtual tical uit in the eommon-wealh of our Tndan peopl Ts asthe horton open on othe South we fad th Iie (plicl apne mecededi ial ian sds mite of gravity had very marly shifted fom the te 4 the Gangetic alts and the name emf or eh fem. to ave cred Ute for it and a oo cigar gave was tothe pity grander expression 0 which indoded in ts sweep all dat lay tetwoen the Hi Jnyas and the Seas, This ls most clay indiated by definition of our Nation attempted at a period when ‘ast conception must have been dawning over the mi lanl of Indos by tis erm sin day gone by, atthe er rites. We avo met with no beter tpg bend of Tas Cm as te ms, Oe ele our poston asa people than the te ite cou asiniation had grown. The Avrtic Pesan now ws fe fraser “aececeer NR TT E eae nena ae tie bah acent an Inder are am eft” ‘trough the Grecks almost all Europe and late on Ame: Dat this now word area cond not allogther poe peo Teac Jes at gt lived oo SOLIS Ta ate ec Se he hon Be av 8 few examples as that of Afgaisthan being called ‘area by the Parthians, very rarely indeed had the 6 it ‘rwvoogh fndians wee by no means ct off fom the out- ‘void belorethe ris of Budhism and although their world ad sey ested sch dimensions a to give & ccs to or patriotic port lawegivcr to aim “enw. eres: et Fe GOT HTT A) far as fhe preset argument is concersed, the inter lide of India, after the rise of Buddhism, requires ‘of our Vedic fathers who were frst to make that. ‘Bat a'name by its nature ie determined not 50 winst one Ii to call onowif bat generally by what like to do. In fact a name i called into existence ‘very purpose. Self is known to tef immetably and “© mime or even without a form. But when tcomesin, ‘conte with a non-lfthen alone it stands in ned of if it wants to commanicate with other or if ethers ‘in communicating with it. It i game that requires play at. Ifthe word insists that a teacher ora wit ‘handed down as an ereres' ora «mer harm’ well “inspite of his king, very likely to be remembered 35 1 the name chosen by the world for us isnot directly ‘oe liking then itis yet more likely to shadow all other ‘we might bear witness “ori ERE, BUR’. Bot if ‘world hits upon a word by which they would know 1s 38: redolent of o0F glory ot our easly Jove then that word “certain not only toshadow but to survive every other tame: smay have, This fact added to the citcomstanos, ar he great and divine mision crintanton fn we of th ow of Riise” Tala, the very eart—the very soul—of almost ‘the then Ion world. To counties milions of human from Mia to Mexico, he land of tho Sinha came toe land of ther Gods and Godmen. Thoasands of pins ‘tant shores poured into this country and thousands scholar poacher ges and saints went from this ad tll the then known world. But as the outside work pet in meoguing ws by our ancient mame “Sindhu” of Hindu” both these in-coming and omtgoing. procetes ‘with the world at lange, soon enabled the epithet Hing assert itset once more and 10 vigorously as to-push into ‘Pockgwound even the well bdoved name of semeie " 6 w Ihelped mightly to rnder that epithet to be the ‘minent of our national ames, The necessity of ‘deplomatic correspondence with various states, who ‘us Hindus or Indas, most also have, by making ‘cumbent on our people to respond to it, revived the his epithet Sit side by side with and then at Instead ofthe name Bbaratkhand. ‘Bat if the rise of Baddhise had thus enabled this {to grow in prominence through-out the world and ‘more and more conscious of ourselves as Hindus, thes to-say the fall of Buddhism only caried this process ‘tan eer, ‘We fear thatthe one teling factor that contributed to {all of Buddhism more than any other has ecaped that tailed attention of scholars which it deserve. But 0s) subject in hand does bet remotely involve its ‘bete we cannot treat it ero in fall, AI that we eaay Dee is to make a few general remarks and eave therm ‘expounded and detailed ont to « more favourable ifthe work he not done by others beter ited to doit, it be that philosophical difrences alone could have oer nation tum against Buddhism? Not ‘these differences had been thems all along and even sie by side with each other, Can it be the general ‘and demoralization of the Budhisic church itself? ‘wholly:—for, if some of the Vihar sheltered loos, lary ‘promiscuous crowd of men and women who lived on ad spent what was not thei on disreputable yet, oa the other hand the Tine of those spiritual giants Arts and Bhikius bad sot allogether ended: zor had scenes been peculiar to the Buddhstic Vihars alone! these and many other shortcomings would not have ted such fierce attention and proved fatal to Bothistc {in Inia had not the palitical consequences of the Bud- ‘expansion been so disastrous to the national virility even the national existence of our race. No prelude to a tragedy could be more dramatic in its effet im fore ‘the culminating catastrphy than that incident the le ofthe Shakya Sinba when the news of the fate of Tittle tribal republic ofthe ‘Shakyas was caried to their Prince when he was just laying the foundation of the Buddhistic church. He had already enraled lower of his clan in his Bhikku-sangha and the Helle Republic thas deprived of its bravest and best, sn ay vietin to the strong and warlike, in the very time of the Shakya Sicha. The sews when carried 19 is said to have left the Ealightened unconcerned, Conta- rolled on: the Prince of the Shakyas had grown into Prince of Prines—the Lokjit—the great conqueror of ‘The confines of his litle Shakya state expanded and ‘the confines of India; and as if to give a tooch of precision and poctical justice, the woeful fate that overtaken the tal repablc of Kapl-Vaste befell the ‘of Bharatvarsba itself and it fell an easy prey to the and watlike—sot ike Shakyss of their own ith and ‘bot—the Lichis and Huns! Of couse the Enlighten 2 od 1» fe would perhaps remain as unaffected as ever even ‘mews coukd ever reach him lke the fist. Bat the Hindus than ooald not drink with equanimity this Ditterness and political servitode st the hands of whose barbarous violence coud il be soothed by the mouthed formulas of witer and spisitual beotber-bood, whose steel could ill be blunted by the soft palm leave fhymed charm. We do not mean to ess acense—the services of the great brotherhood and’ ‘Divine Mision. We have only to point out the ‘ance that is too glaring to escape the attention of any ent of History. We know that it could easily be ‘against this statement that, the greatest and even Indian Kings and Emperor known, belong to the Period. Yerbat known to wham ?—to the Europeans ‘hose of ws who have unconscioosly imbibed not only ‘thoughts but even their prejudices. There was time ‘every school history in Tadia opened from the invasion Because the average English writers of that Ikmew next to nothing of our carer life. Lately the knowlege of Europe has extended backward to the ‘Buddhism and we too are apt to lok upon it as the fis even the most glotious epoch of our history. The ft is nether. We yield to none in our love and admis ‘and respect for the Budidha—the Dharma—the ‘They are all ours. Their glories are ours and ours ‘as great if mot greater and things as holy and more ‘and statesmanly had gone before them and indeed ‘thea to be whet they wers. So, we do not think tthe political virility oF the manly nobility of our ace and ended with the Mauryas alone—or wie a conse of their embracing Buddhiom. Baddhism has co:- to claim bat they belong to a world far removed from oar matter-of-fact world —here fect of clay do not stand and ste could be easily sharpened, and qem—thint ie ‘powerful and real to be quenched by painted steams low perennially—in heavens. These must have been considerations that most have driven themselves home ‘the hearts of our patriots and thinkers when the Hens Shake poured like voleanie torments and burt all that wed, The Indians saw that the cherched ideals of their thronesand their families and the very Gods they in strength alone strength that summed up its cre. ‘to words—Fire and Sword! The inference was dear. alo) was the fact that Bodhisticlopic had no argu- ‘hat could effesiontly mect this now and terrible dual- his IR, this strange bible of Fze and Stee, So the of thooght and action of our race had to rekindle Sacrificial Fire to opps theSacrilegioos One—to re-open mines of Vedic fields for stel—to get it sharpened on the m a1 altar of rat —"the Terrible", so that warera —the “1 of the Times" be appeased. Nor were theie belied. The sucoesd of the feuovated Hinds arms ispated. and indisputable. Vikramaditya. who of peace and rightsomness than in the conquests of [Nobly ae tid ah so nobly as to make hersal ite in the eyesof Last and Lacre—ad she not iss Ro- ects to the eflect that the very water Be stained before ens poured out for hors and clepliants to drink, so as te the tay ies inthe waters to escape immediate death? had she ont opened corm-throwing cates in the mist a as that fish be fed in her oceans, while men had not eased eed on sh fn other oceans ofthe world, nor ad the very ceaed to feed on each other ! Nobly did sho try to kil by ating kild—and at last found out that palm at times are too fragile for sted! As long as the ‘workd was red in tooth and claw and the snd racial dhtinctions so strong 2s to wake men 0 Wong if India ad to live at alla life whether spsit- Cor politi scearding to the light of her soul, she must Joowe the strength born of national and racial cabesioo. the leaders of thought aad action grew sek of repeating ‘ambos end mbes of Universal Brotherhood and, sth its lustre on all departments of lie. Poetry and losophy, art and architectore, agriculture and thought and action felt the quickening imple which sslownos of Independance and strength and Vielory ‘can radinte. ‘The reaction as wal was complete even fault. “Up with the Vedie Dnarma !” "Back tothe ‘The national ery grew louder and loner, more and. erative, because this was eventually a political Boddhism had made frst and yet the greatest propagate a universal wlgion. Go, ye Bikes, to fon detions ofthe world and preach the bw of ly complain — ‘rs Trly twat a law of Rightsomanse—ithadno rear Be sr gute fgets Baer Gees gree ‘nd in vinw, no st for land luce quickening its fag ft ner: Fem wih ge and grand though its achievements were it old not Sais ieee’ | cate the seeds of arimal pasion not of political (qwet)” And when ‘or of individual agrandisement in the minds of all: Tubariaa bordes ofthe Stas and) the Hune—vho ravaged thei fair and that ad in utter confidence Perel ina Bibs des, changed her Sword for Rosary had talento the vows a ft and non-violeno—were ‘expelled beyond Indus and further, and strong state was Grmly established, then it was but natural ‘the leaders of our race should have realized what an amount of strength cold be derivad if bat the now state was backed up by a Church a tently national. rss sure to find some secret spropathisers in the Indian Morcover every thing that i common ia us with oat ‘ies weakens our power ‘of opposing them. The foe that soma important Section in England to sympathise with fits to restore a Catholic dynasty in England, Not ‘nothing in common with us isthe foe Hkely to be mast thie but dark hints abound in our ancient recomds 10 ly resist by os, just a a frend that has almost in him which we admire and prize in ourselves is Hikely 10 ‘that at times some forign Budiistic powers bad iy invaded Inia wits an expeess national and roc the friend we love most. The necessity of creating a “* x a alin in view. “We cannot treat the bistory ‘ese of wrong and invoking a power of undying. esi ‘spill in Tada that had unde the opiate of ‘cacstvely bee but can only pont tothe al sym and Norvilence lost the facsty even of reiting sin and bal acta description given in one of oor Parnas ‘time and negresion, ould bt bo accompli by enti the war waged on the eritem: by the BREA (the even thesenblance of common wership—a commen ofthe Hine) and his Buddhist alc. The record ell hich requ er to clasp the band of thse 3 ee in a mythological strain how a bg tate was fought on Aionints whine had boen the very hand that had aks ofthe ive "er bow the Bais frcs made ier a aston, What was the ase of univer ith ‘the bass of operation" WRWETAES GeatGeeueeR).” instead of sothesing the fercowsnest and teeta ego they were reinforce by contingents from many Bode ‘ther mations only exited ther Tost by Having Inia ations: RSET STEN gH MSE | SET feneless and uncospecting? No the only sale guards OT age” and bow after tough fight the forure were valonr and steng that ootid nly be bom. Tosti and pit avy for her defeat. They formally te renounce all ulterior natlonal als asia ‘4 national sliconsocsnes. Ste had pound Ine ‘ood for sophistry that tried to prove otbcrwise! od giveapladge that they woo never agin eter Tin ‘The reaction aguist the universal tendencies of Badd any patie end in view. The Buddhiss sincivials ‘nly grow mor insistent and powerful asthe attempt to nothing to fear from India—the land of toleration —bat ‘establish the Buddhist power in India began to asume should give ep all reams of endangering the national u {ie of India and her independance elt date sud gon ond sae erect (ioege ‘And thus we find that instiations that were the marks of our mation were ‘which cond not be wiped away even under the ‘eras, grew io popularity to such am extent that 5 get Kenta with Bod. Wen the ation grove ‘selcoacos aah ous woul do ana ws conlet with the nol i instinctively tured to the line of divin and mar wel he poston It ora soa to make it lear to themselves whee they eet or othe wold hg hey were wana 2 people Thenslves—not only a ral and a national bat even aon plital unit, Oa the soatbem side of Reaction in favour of this institution grew so strong that ‘country the matural and stratagic limits were already Rationality was almost getting identified with it. |, sanctioned and sanctified. The frame-work of the ‘he deniton that tres to daw a tine of demarcation ‘od bounds ses in which our southern pein ‘ween ts and foreigners -

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