Note: All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.

Q. 1 What, in general terms, is the distinction between computer organization and computer
architecture? Also list and explain the key characteristics of a computer family. (20)

Q. 2 a) Draw and explain instruction cycle state diagram with interrupts. (20)
b) Consider two microprocessors having 8- and 16-bit-wide external data buses, respectively. The
two processors are identical otherwise and their bus cycles take just as long.
1. Suppose all instructions and operands are two bytes long. By what factor do the maximum
data transfer rates differ?
2. Repeat assuming that half of the operands and instructions are one byte long.

Q. 3 How does the principle of locality relate to the use of multiple memory levels? (20)
a) Suggest reasons why RAMs traditionally have been organized as only 1 bit per chip whereas
ROMs are usually organized with multiple bits per chip.