Fs Ys Major Disputes between India & Pakistan Special class Pe oe eet]Wunacademy =o Crack UPSC CSE - GS with India’s largest learning platform Get Plus subscription and access unlimited live and recorded courses from Indic's best educatorsWhat you'll get Daily Live classes GY Live tests & quizzes CChat with your educator, engage in Evaluate your preporetion with our regular dliscussions, ask your doubts, ond answer mack tests ond quizzes and get detailed pols ll while the cassis going on ‘nays on your performance Structured courses (5) Unlimited access All our courses are structured inline with One subscription gets you access tool our your exam sylabus to help you best lve ond recorded courses to watch from prepare fort the comfort af ony of your devicesDownload Unacademy Learning App a Learn on the go Download lessons and learn anywhere, anytime with the Unacademy Learning Apptes == Deepak Kumar Singhe ‘Author of the Book from plassey to partition Director of Chanak academy Teach more than 50k students 8 710k 321k 1k Ke Total Watch Time Watch Time (last 30 days) Followers DedicationsPrepare with 100+ Top Educators Access to India's best educators is just a subscription away ‘Sudarshan Gurjor S Mrunal Pate! 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UPSC CSE 2021 Bow 6 7 1 19 20 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30w Ultimate GS Batches (Bilingual) Pathway to Crack UPSC CSE with India's Best Educators Starts on 21st Dec Pe VES Eleeke ete t Pap eee ELE} * Top Educators * Dedicated Doubt Clearing Sessions Oe ea ele Rd Calla teen (ela OTe Ch SoC Ultimate GS 1-Year Ultimate GS 2-Year bree mee er Bole batch course for UPSC batch course for UPSC cere CSE 2022 CSE 20236 Months Batch Complete GS Batch Complete GS Batch Course for UPSC CSE Course for UPSC CSE Course for UPSC CSE i 2022 2023 Starts on 21st Dec va z o a a sake eel Slee ail td = = Mission 2021 9 @_ Mission 2022 Qs Mission 2023 (Bilingual) rs” (Bilingual) (Bilingual) met 2021 wea 2022 we4 2023 (Hindi) (Hindi) (Hindi Expedition 2021, Expedition 2022 (English) pedition 202: Expedition 2023 (English) (English) EEE EEE EEee aun kayCoons cm | i eleaan LD dar gi oe wr BY DEEPAK SINGHIndo-Pak Relations - A brief history India and Pakistan share linguistic, cultural, geographic, and economic links, yet their relation has been mired in complexity due to a number of historical and political events. Indo-Pak relations have been defined by the violent partition of British India in 1947, the Jammu & Kashmir conflict and the numerous military conflicts fought between the two nations. The partition of British India was one of the largest human migrations ever seen and sparked bloody massacres of refugees across the region. It displaced up to 12.5 million people, with an estimated loss of life of 1 million. India became a secular nation with a Hindu majority population and a large Muslim minority, while Pakistan emerged as an Islamic republic with an overwhelming Muslim majority population and a very small population subscribing to other faiths.INDIA-PAKISTAN HISTORY OF CONFLICT 2000 PLohTe) 2020 1940 S71 Era) 1970 1980 1990 July 1989 Penn (untenra rT vs pes Poe Pore rd a Indian Fariament |] Feb. 2019 Femara =a caus) is Cree erg eee eater Dec. 1971 reagent) weeny reer Draconr canny emer eer peeeeren basin Cleat eed Cemizrd Cranee) iar) een red CoAT ets May'1999 SENET geeky presiAFGHANISTANWhat are the territorial disputes between India and Pakistan? Kashmir: Due to political differences between the two countries, the territorial claim of Kashmir has been the subject of wars in 1947, 1965 and a limited conflict in 1999 and frequent ceasefire violations and promotion of rebellion within the Indian side of Jammu and Kashmir. The then princely state remains an area of contention and is divided between the two countries by the Line of Control (LoC), which demarcates the ceasefire line agreed post-1947 conflict.Siachen glacier “Sian Temperate, Canton TOC (95°F) sete tt nese at g ‘am he Sunes rd. rear zene Siachen Glac “Siachen Glacier is located in Northern Ladakh in the Karakoram Range. “Most of the Siachen Glacier is disputed between India and Pakistan. ‘Before 1984, neither of the two countries had any permanent presence on the glacier. ‘Under the Shimla Agreement of 1972, the Siachen was called a barren and useless. ‘This Agreement also did not specify the boundary between India and Pakistan. “When India got intelligence that Pakistan was going occupy Siachen Glacier, it launched Operation Meghdoot to reach the glacier first. “Following the success of Operation Meghdoot, the Indian Army obtained the area at a higher altitude and Pakistan army getting a much lower altitude. ‘Thus, India has a strategic advantage in this region. “Following the 2003 armistice treaty between the two countries, firing and bombardment have ceased in this area, though both the sides have stationed their armies in the region.What are the territorial disputes between India and Pakistan? Sir Creek Dispute: “Sir Creek is a 96 km estuary in the Rann of Kutch. “Rann of Kutch lies between Gujarat (India) and Sindh (Pakistan). “The dispute lies in the interpretation of the maritime boundary line between the two countries. “Pakistan claims the entire Sir Creek in accordance with @ 1914 agreement that was signed between the Government of Sindh and Rulers of Kutch. “India, on the other hand, claims that the boundary lies mid-channel as per a 1925 map. “If one country agrees to the other's position, the former will lose a vast amount of Exclusive Economic Zone that is rich with gas and mineral deposits.Water disputes: “The waters of the Indus Rivers begin mainly in Tibet and the Himalayan Mountains in the states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir (indian side). “They flow through the states of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Sindh etc., before draining into the Arabian Sea through the Pakistani side. “The partiti were in India. “Both sides were at odds over how to manage and share these rivers “Until the signing of the Indus Waters Treaty in 1960, the arrangement to share east and west-flowing rivers were ad hoc. ‘The Indus Waters Treaty is the water distribution treaty signed between India and Pakistan, brokered by World Bank (then the international Bank for Reconstruction and Development). “According to the treaty, three rivers, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas were given to India for exclusive use and the other three rivers, Sindh, Jhelum and Chenab were given to Pakistan. ‘This treaty failed to address the dispute since source rivers of Indus Basin were in India, having the potential to create drought and famines in Pakistan. Last year, Modi Government had stated that India would no longer allow its share of river waters to flow into Pakistan in response to the Pulwama terror attack. ‘According to the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty, India can exploit rivers under its control without disturbing the flow or quantum. india plans to divert its three rivers to the Yamuna, n led to conflict over waters of the Indus basin as it was i such a way that the source rivers of the Indus BasinIndus river system CHINA Area ceded by Pakistan to China, claimed by India Area held by China, Administered | claimed by India by Pakistan | AFGHANISTAN adore | Line of control fh bak oe Kabul @ @ Abbottabad — £ = Jammu and Kashmir Shabgadar a ey = oe by India ~~ Islamabad Virtual tine Jhelum | in Indus treaty PAKISTAN Chenab1) as Cross-Border terrorism and ceasefire violations: “Cross-border terrorism has been an issue since independence. ‘Despite the 2003 Ceasefire Agreement post-Kargil Conflict, there have been regular ceasefire violations from the Pakistan side of the border since 2009, leading to the death and injury of security forces and civilians on both sides. “The Modi Government's massive armed retaliation to Pakistan’s ceasefire violations led to a rise in the number of infiltrations of terrorists from across the LoC. “Subsequent incidents of 2016 Pathankot attack and Uri attack resulted in the ceasing of any effort to undertake bilateral talks between the two countries, with Indian Prime Minister declaring that “talks and terrorism cannot go hand in hand”. This was followed by surgical strikes by Indian Army across the LoC to target the terror infrastructure in Po. ‘India’s current stand is that it will not undertake talks until Pakistan tackle cross- border terrorism. “Pakistan, in contrast, is ready for talks but with the inclusion of Kashmir issue.What are the disputes between India and Pakistan? ul Uae » Pak violated Vienna Convention on > In 2008 India-Pak agreement Consular Relations (VCCR) by denying on consular access, both sides Jadhav access to legal assistance agreed that ‘in case of arrest, » Consular access to Jadhav denied detention or sentence made on despite 16 requests political or security grounds, » VCCR optional protocol calls for eee may examine the case compulsory jurisdiction of IC) in ee arereyrercrerereeeeemt disputes arising out of interpretation » Jadhav, a spy, was denied — or application of VCCR consular access because the issue Court sald Paks conduct appeared Dertained to national security b ing’ under scope of VCCR (y\12.U@ » Jadhav can’t be executed until case is fully | doesn’t have power to enforce it AER heard and verdict delivered __| But Pak risks facing international disgrace 45114548) > Though Thursday's verdict is ‘binding’, IC) _| if it goes ahead with Jadhav's executionQ1- India made a commitment to a plebiscite in the United Nations Security Council Resolutions of 1947-48. Why did it violate these? [eae cers j Q5- But the Kashmiris don’t want to be with you, what can you A do?Get 10% Discount PAGE Like, Share, and Subscribe! @ f SUBSCRIBE HIT THE BELL ICON FOR NOTIFICATIONS!