• Learn best through playing

• Use imagination
Young learners
Fun
• Imitate

Make connections
• Need guidance, rules and routines
Motivation
Age
Create relationships
• Know their likes/dislikes

Encourage creativity Play, actions and experiences Engaging environment

• Differentiate fact vs fiction
Adults SAFETY
DIFFERENT • Understand abstraction and generalization
Learning Styles & SUPPORT Encourage autonomy

• Make decision about own learning

Self-confidence
Allow them to think what they learn best Offer learning training
Aptitude
Anxiety Personality
HAVE
Emotional needs

NEED
LEARNERS

Stephen Krashen. Affective Filter Hypothesis

Multiple intelligences (Gardner)
Everyone has the same intelligences but we
develop them differently.
Doesn’t matter how intelligent we are but
how we are intelligent.
Emotional intelligence is describe as the
ability to understand and deal with emotions.
The affective filter is a kind of barrier and
learners show different levels of acquisition
regarding if it stay up (fear, anxiety) or
down (relax and motivated).
Base on
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of needs, feeling of safety, love,
belonging and self-esteem are essential.

NLP (Bandler and Grinder)
All people respond to the same stimulus
but for each the power of them is different.
Jerome Bruner
Any learner is capable of learning almost
anything provided that the instruction is
organized properly.
THEORIES of Learning and Child Lev Vygotsky
Development Children gradually develop understanding
of abstract meaning and social rules
through play.
Language becomes a tool for organizing
thoughts (inner speech-external speech).
Children learn best with the help of
someone more knowing. (ZPD)

Jean Piaget
Children construct personal
meaning through action:
playing, moving, making things, etc