Immunology

Innate Immunity
Ds-rna never found in humans but found in viruses

Most dna in humans are methylated. Increased concentration of unmethylated dna usually indicate
bacterial presence

Macrophages
nucleases break down nucleic acid

Tissue destruction in lung abscess

***must know these cytokines***

Macrophages secretes IL-1 (endogenous pyrogen)

***TNF alpha kills animal tumors by causing coagulation and thrombosis of blood vessels of the
tumor.
NEUTROPHILS:

****high yield***

Slow down at site of inflammation (roll) due to binding to endothelium.

Selectin ligands on neutrophil containing Sialyl-Lewis X) bind to E or P selectin on endothelium

Neutrophils then crawl crosses in between endothelial cells to site of inflammation

 (Leukemias have ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) score (neutrophil quantity of ALP) ….CML- low
ALP)
 Lactoferrin lyse cells killing bacteria
 Myeloperoxidase linked to respiratory burst
 Acid phosphatase works in an acid environment.
C3 central to all complememnt activation

Alternative pathway (spontaneous activation of c3 to c3b)

Natural Killer Cells
The END.