Ex No:5 ACTIVE LOW PASS AND HIGH PASS FILTER Nisanth P

Date: 25.07.2021 19BEE031

AIM:
To construct a second order low pass and high pass active filter using Op-amp LM741
as per the design and obtain the frequency response of the filters using Multisim online
simulator.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:

MULTISIM ONLINE SIMULATOR

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND DESIGN:

Filters using transistors, op-amps along with the passive elements are active filters.
1. Low Pass Filter (LPF): A low pass filter allows low frequency signals to pass from input to
output while it attenuates HF signals from the input. The cut off frequency fo of the filter
denotes the frequency where the filter changes its function. For a LPF it passes all
frequencies below that frequency and rejects all frequencies above that. A LPF has only
upper cut-off frequency denoted by fH. The graph of magnitude of transfer function
(output/input) against frequency is called Frequency response of a filter

2. High Pass Filter (HPF): A high pass filter allows high frequency signals to pass from input
to output while it attenuates LF signals below the cut off frequency from the input. The cut
off frequency fo of the filter denotes the frequency where the filter changes its function. For
a HPF it passes all frequencies above that frequency and rejects all frequencies below that. A
HPF has only lower cut-off frequency denoted by fL. The graph of magnitude of transfer
function (output/input) against frequency is called Frequency response of a filter
Circuit Diagram

1: II order LPF

The design steps for Second Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter are
1) Choose the cut-off frequency fH,
2) The design can be simplified by selecting R2 = R3 = R and C2 = C3 = C. Choose a value of C
less than or equal to 1 μF.
3) Calculate the value of R from the equation,

4) Rf = 0.586R1, Choose R1 and find Rf.

2. II Order HPF

The design steps for Second Order High Pass Butterworth Filter are
1) Choose the cut-off frequency fL,
2) The design can be simplified by selecting R2 = R3 = R and C2 = C3 = C. Choose a value of C
less than or equal to 1 μF.
3) Calculate the value of R from the equation,

4) Rf = 0.586R1, Choose R1 and find Rf.

Design:
1. LPF: Design a second order LPF having an upper cut-off frequency of 1KHz. Determine its
frequency response.
2. HPF: Design a second order HPF having a lower cut-off frequency of 5KHz. Determine its
frequency response.
Design Calculation :

1 . Low Pass Filter (LPF)

Take Fh = 2khz and C = 0.5 micro Farad and R1 = 5k ohms

Let R = 1/2*3..14*(2*10^3)*(1*10^-6)
R = 159.235 ohms
Rf = 0.586 * R1
Rf = 2.93 K ohms

2. High Pass Filter (HPF):

Take Fh = 10khz and C = 0.5 micro Farad and R1 = 9k ohms

Let R = 1/2*3..14*(2*10^3)*(1*10^-6)
R = 31.847 ohms
Rf = 0.586 * R1
Rf = 5.274 K ohms
SIMULATED CIRCUITS :
1 . Low Pass Filter :

2. High Pass Filter :

SIMULATED OUTPUTS :
1 . Low Pass Filter :
2. High Pass Filter :
INFERENCE:
Gain of the LP filter rolls faster after the cut-off frequency in the stop band. In case of II
order filter the roll off is 40dB/decade. Cut-off frequency is decided by R & C and gain is
decided by R1 and Rf. Interchanging the positions of R and C in LPF result in HPF. In case of II
order LP filter the roll off is -40dB/decade and for HPF it is +40dB/decade.
RESULT:
Thus the second order low pass and high pass active filters are constructed using Op-amp
LM741 as per the design and the frequency response of the filters is obtained using Multisim
online simulator.