Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Logics - Propositions Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics — Propositions”. 1. Which of the following statement is a proposition? a) Get me a glass of milkshake b) God bless you! c) What is the time now? d) The only odd prime number is 2 A view Answer Answer: d Explanation: Only this statement has got the truth value which is false.2. The truth value of '4+3=7 or 5 is not prime’. a) False b) True © View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Compound statement with ‘or’ is true when either of the statement is true. Here the first part of the statement is true, hence the whole is true. 3. Which of the following option is true? a) If the Sun is a planet, elephants will fly b)3+2=8if5-2=7 c) 1>3 and 3is a positive integer d) -2 > 3 or 3 is a negative integer (* View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Hypothesis is false, thus the whole statement is true.4. What is the value of x after this statement, assuming the initial value of x is 5? ‘If x equals to one then x=x+2 else x=0". a)1 b)3 c)0 d)2 View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: If condition is false so value decided according to else condition. 5. Let P: | am in Bangalore.; Q: | love cricket.; then q -> p(q implies p) is? a) If | love cricket then | am in Bangalore b) If | am in Bangalore then | love cricket c) lam not in Bangalore d) | love cricket View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Q is hypothesis and P is conclusion. So the compound statement will be if hypothesis then conclusion.6. Let P: If Sahil bowls, Saurabh hits a century.; Q: If Raju bowls, Sahil gets out on first ball. Now if P is true and Q is false then which of the following can be true? a) Raju bowled and Sahil got out on first ball b) Raju did not bowled c) Sahil bowled and Saurabh hits a century d) Sahil bowled and Saurabh got out A View Answer Answer: C Explanation: Either hypothesis should be false or both (hypothesis and conclusion) should be true. 7. The truth value ‘9 is prime then 3 is even’. a) False b) True view Answer Answer: b Explanation: The first part of the statement is false, hence whole is true.8. q Let P: | am in Delhi.; Q: Delhi is clean.; then 4 p(q and p) is? a) Delhi is clean and | am in Delhi b) Delhi is not clean or | am in Delhi c) |am in Delhi and Delhi is not clean d) Delhi is clean but | am in Mumbai (* View Answer 9. Answer: a Explanation: Connector should be ‘and’, that is q and p. Let P: This is a great website, Q: You should not come back here. Then This is a great website and you should come back here.’ is best represented by? a)~PV~Q b)PA~Q c)PVQ d)PAQ * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The second part of the statement is negated, hence negation operator is used. a wn10. Let P: We should be honest., Q: We should be dedicated., R: We should be overconfident. Then ‘We should be honest or dedicated but not overconfident.’ is best represented by? a)~PV~QVR b)PA~QAR c)PVQAR d)PVQA-R View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The third part of the statement is negated, hence negation operator is used, for (‘or -V) is used and for(‘but’- A).Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Logics - Implication and Double Implications « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Interview Questions and Answers for freshers focuses on “Logics - Implication and Double Implications”. 1, Let P and Q be statements, then P<->Q is logically equivalent to a) P<->~Q b) ~P<->Q c) ~P<->~Q d) None of the mentioned * View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Both of them have same truth table, Hence they are equal.2. What is the negation of the statement A-> (B v(or) C)? aJ)AA~BA~C b) A->B->C c)~AABVC d) None of the mentioned * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A->P is logically equivalent to ~AvP. 3. The compound statement A-> (A->B) is false, then the truth values of A, B are respectively a) T, T b) F, T c) T, F d) F, F * View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: For implications to be false hypothesis should be true and conclusion should be false.4. The statement which is logically equivalent to AA (and) B is? a) A->B b)~AA~B dAA~B d) ~(A->~B) * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The truth table of both statements are same. 5. Let P: We give a nice overall squad performance, Q: We will win the match. Then the symbolic form of “We will win the match if and only if we give a nice overall squad performance.” is? a)PvQ b)QAP ) Q<->P d)~PvQ * View Answer Answer: C Explanation: If and only if statements are bi-conditionals. ie6. Let P, Q, R be true, false true, respectively, which of the following is true? a) PAQAR b) PA~QA~R c) Q->(PAR) d) P->(QAR) view Answer Answer: c Explanation: Hypothesis is false, hence statement is true. 7. “Match will be played only if it is not a humid day.” The negation of this statement is? a) Match will be played but it is a humid day b) Match will be played or it is a humid day c) All of the mentioned statement are correct d) None of the mentioned A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Negation of P->Q is PA~Q.8. Consider the following statements. A: Raju should exercise. B: Raju is not a decent table tennis player. C: Raju wants to play good table tennis. The symbolic form of “Raju is not a decent table tennis player and if he wants to play good table tennis then he should exercise.” is? a) A->B->C b) BA(C->A) c) C->BAA d) B<->AAC (* View Answer Answer: b Explanation: For conditionals statement (if then), implications are used. 9. The statement (~P<->Q)A~Q is true when? a) P: True Q: False b) P: True Q: True c) P: False Q: True d) P: False Q: False * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be tpag both inputs should be same.10. Let P, Q, R be true, false, false, respectively, which of the following is true? a) PA(QA~R) b) (P->Q)A~R c) Q<->(PAR) d) P<->(QvR) View Answer Answer: c Explanation: For a bi-conditional to be true both inputs should be the same.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Logics - Tautologies and Contradictions « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers for Experienced people focuses on “Logics - Tautologies and Contradictions”. 1. A compound proposition that is always is called a tautology. a) True b) False A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Tautology is always true.2. A compound proposition that is always is called a contradiction. a) True b) False * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Contradiction is always false. 3. If A is any statement, then which of the following is a tautology? aA AF b)AVF c)AV-A d)AAT ” view Answer Answer: C Explanation: A V -A is always true.4. If A is any statement, then which of the following is not a contradiction? a)AAWA by AVF c)AAF d) None of mentioned View Answer Answer: b Explanation: A V F is not always false. 5. A compound proposition that is neither a tautology nor a contradiction is called a a) Contingency b) Equivalence c) Condition d) Inference View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Definition of contingency.6.7-(AVQG)A(AA g)isa a) Tautology b) Contradiction c) Contingency d) None of the mentioned A View Answer Answer: b Explanation: = (7A A 7q) A (A A q) =(-A AA) A (-q 4 Q) =FAF=F. T.A(AV -A)V (GV T)isa a) Tautology b) Contradiction c) Contingency d) None of the mentioned A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: = (A V ~A) V (q V T) =TVT=T.8.AA-(A V (AA T)) is always a) True b) False View Answer Answer: b Explanation: =A A 7(AV (AA T)) =AA-(AV A) EAA-AA=F. 9.(A V F) V (AV T) is always a) True b) False View Answer Answer: a Explanation: = (A V F) V (AV T) =EAVT=T.10.A5 (AV aq)isa a) Tautology b) Contradiction c) Contingency d) None of the mentioned A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: =A — (AV q) =-AV (AV q) =(AV-7A)Vg =TVqét.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Logics - Inference « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Logics - Inference”. 1. Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it is Wednesday, then the Smartmart will be crowded. It is Wednesday. Thus, the Smartmart is crowded.” a) Modus tollens b) Modus ponens c) Disjunctive syllogism d) Simplification View Answer Answer: b Explanation: (M A (M = N)) = N is Modus ponens.2. Which rule of inference is used in each of these arguments, “If it hailstoday, the local office will be closed. The local office is not closed today. Thus, it did not hailed today.” a) Modus tollens b) Conjunction c) Hypothetical syllogism d) Simplification * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: (AN A (M = N)) + 7M is Modus tollens. 3. Which rule of inference is used, “Bhavika will work in an enterprise this summer. Therefore, this summer Bhavika will work in an enterprise or he will go to beach.” a) Simplification b) Conjunction c) Addition d) Disjunctive syllogism * View Answer Answer: c Explanation: p = (p V q) argument is ‘Addition’. BB nN4. What rule of inference is used here? “It is cloudy and drizzling now. Therefore, it is cloudy now.” a) Addition b) Simplification c) Resolution d) Conjunction View Answer Answer: b Explanation: (p A q) — p argument is Simplification. 5. What rule of inference is used in this argument? “If | go for a balanced diet, then | will be fit. If | will be fit, then | will remain healthy. Therefore, if | go for a balanced diet, then | will remain healthy.” a) Modus tollens b) Modus ponens c) Disjunctive syllogism d) Hypothetical syllogism * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: ((p + q) A (q > 1) + (P = argument is ‘Hypothetical syllogism’.6. What rules of inference are used in this argument? “All students in this science class has taken a course in physics” and “Marry is a student in this class" imply the conclusion “Marry has taken a course in physics.” a) Universal instantiation b) Universal generalization c) Existential instantiation d) Existential generalization A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: WxP (x), ~ P (c) Universal instantiation.7. What rules of inference are used in this argument? “It is either colder than Himalaya today or the pollution is harmful. It is hotter than Himalaya today. Therefore, the pollution is harmful.” a) Conjunction b) Modus ponens c) Disjunctive syllogism d) Hypothetical syllogism View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: ((p V q) A =p) — g argument is Disjunctive syllogism.8. The premises (p A q) Vr andr | s imply which of the conclusion? a)pVr b)pVs dpvq dqvr f , View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The premises (p A q) V r has two clauses: p V r, and q V r. We can also replace r = s with the equivalent clause r V s. Using the two clauses p Vr andr Vs, we can conclude p V s. 9. What rules of inference are used in this argument? “Jay is an awesome student. Jay is also a good dancer. Therefore, Jay is an awesome student and a good dancer.” a) Conjunction b) Modus ponens c) Disjunctive syllogism d) Simplification f . View Answer Answer: a Explanation: ((p) A (q)) + (p A q) argu is conjunction.10. “Parul is out for a trip or it is not snowing" and “It is snowing or Raju is playing chess” imply that a) Parul is out for trip b) Raju is playing chess c) Parul is out for a trip and Raju is playing chess d) Parul is out for a trip or Raju is playing chess “ View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Let p be “It is snowing," q be “Parul is out for a trip,” and r the proposition “Raju is playing chess.” The hypotheses as ap V q and p V rf, respectively. Using resolution, the proposition q V ris, “Parul is out for a trip or Raju is playing chess.”Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Group Theory « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Group Theory”. 1. A non empty set A is termed as an algebraic structure a) with respect to binary operation * b) with respect to ternary operation ? c) with respect to binary operation + d) with respect to unary operation - (* View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A non empty set A is called an algebraic structure w.r.t binary operation “*" if (a*b) belongs to S for all (a*b) belongs to S. Therefore “*" is closure operation on ‘A.2. An algebraic structure is called a semigroup. a) (P, *) b)(Q, +, *) c) (P, +) d) (+, *) - View Answer Answer: a Explanation: An algebraic structure (P,*) is called a semigroup if a*(b*c) = (a*b)*c for all a,b,c belongs to S or the elements follow associative property under “*”. (Matrix,*) and (Set of integers,+) are examples of semigroup. 3. Condition for monoid is a) (ate)=a b) (a*e)=(a+e) Cc) a=(a*(a+e) d) (a*e)=(e*a)=a he View Answer Answer: d Explanation: A Semigroup (S,*) is defined as a monoid if there exists an element e in S such that (a*e) = (e*a) = a for all ai This element is called identity element be w.r.t *.4. A monoid is called a group if a) (a*a)=a=(a+c) b) (a*c)=(atc) c) (at+c)=a d) (a*c)=(c*a)=e * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: A monoid(B,*) is called Group if to each element there exists an element c such that (a*c)=(c*a)=e. Here e is called an identity element and c is defined as the inverse of the corresponding element. 5. A group (M,*) is said to be abelian if a) (x+y)=(y+x) b) (x*y)=(y*x) C) (X+y)=x d) (y*x)=(xty) * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: A group (M,*) is said to be abelian if (x*y) = (x*y) for all x, y belongs to M. Thus Commutative property should hold in a group. A6. Matrix multiplication is a/an property. a) Commutative b) Associative c) Additive d) Disjunctive * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The set of two M*M non- singular matrices form a group under matrix multiplication operation. Since matrix multiplication is itself associative, it holds associative property. 7. A cyclic group can be generated by a/an element. a) singular b) non-singular c) inverse d) multiplicative * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A singular element can generate a cyclic group. Every element of a cyclic group is a power of some sped . “a element which is Known as a generator ‘8. How many properties can be held by a group? a)2 b)3 os d)4 * View Answer Answer: c Explanation: A group holds five properties simultaneously — i) Closure ii) associative iii) Commutative iv) Identity element v) Inverse element. 9. A cyclic group is always a) abelian group b) monoid c) semigroup d) subgroup * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A cyclic group is always an abelian group but every abelian grouped not a cyclic group. For instance, the a numbers under addition is an abel group but is not a cyclic one.10. {1, i, -i, -1} is a) semigroup b) subgroup c) cyclic group d) abelian group A View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The set of complex numbers {1, i, -i, -1} under multiplication operation is a cyclic group. Two generators i and -i will covers all the elements of this group. Hence, it is a cyclic group.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Group Axioms « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Group Axioms”. 1. are called group postulates. a) Group lemmas b) Group theories c) Group axioms d) Group A View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: The group axioms are also called the group postulates. A group with an identity (that is, a monoid) in which every element has an inverse is termed as semi group.2. Asubgroup has the properties of a) Closure, associative b) Commutative, associative, closure c) Inverse, identity, associative d) Closure, associative, Identity, Inverse * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: A subgroup S is a subset of a group G (denoted by S <= G) if it holds the four properties simultaneously - Closure, Associative, Identity and Inverse element. 3. Ifa*b=asuchthata*(b*c)=a*b=a and (a*b)*c=a*b=athen a) * is associative b) * is commutative c) * is closure d) * is abelian View Answer Answer: a Explanation: ‘* can be defined by the formula a*b = a for any a and bin S. Hence, (a * b)*c = atc =a anda*(b* d=a*b=a. Therefore, "*" is associative. Hence (S, *) is a semigroup. On the contrary, * is associative since, for example, (b*c)*c = = c but bs(c*c) = bea = b Thus (S,*) is nota semigroup.4. The set of odd and even positive integers closed under multiplication is a) a free semigroup of (M, x) b) a subsemigroup of (M, x) c) a semigroup of (M, x) d) a subgroup of (M, =) A View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let C and D be the set of even and odd positive integers. Then, (C, *) and (D, x) are subsemigroups of (M, x) since A and B are closed under multiplication. On the other hand, (A, +) is a subsemigroup of (N, +) since A is closed under addition, but (B, +) is not a subsemigroup of (N, +) since B is not closed under addition.5. lf Fis a free semigroup on a set S, then the concatenation of two even words is a) a semigroup of F b) a subgroup of F c) monoid of F d) cyclic group of F A View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let F be the free semigroup on the set S = {m,n}. Let, E consist of all even words, i.e, words with even length and the concatenation of two such words is also even. Thus E is a subsemigroup of F.6. The set of rational numbers form an abelian group under a) Association b) Closure c) Multiplication d) Addition A view Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: The set of nonzero rational numbers form an abelian group under multiplication. The number 1 is the identity element and q/p is the multiplicative inverse of the rational number p/q.7. Condition of semigroup homomorphism should be a) f(x * x) = f(x * y) b) f(x) = fly) c) f(x) * fly) = fly) d) f(x * y) = f(x) * fly) “ view Answer Answer: d Explanation: Consider two semigroups (S,*) and (S‘*'). A function f: S -> S’ is called a semigroup homomorphism if f(a*b) = f(a)*f(b). Suppose f is also one-to-one and onto. Then f is called an isomorphism between S and S' and S and S’ are said to be isomorphic semigroups.8. A function f:(M,*) + (N,*) is a homomorphism if a) f(a, b) = a*b b) f(a, b) = a/b c) f(a, b) = f(a)+f(b) d) f(a, b) = f(a)*f(a) A view Answer Answer: b Explanation: The function f is a homomorphism since f(x*y)= f(ac, bd)= (ac)/(bd) = (a/b)(c/d) = f(x)f(y).9. A function defined by f(x)=2*x such that f(x+y)=2x+y under the group of real numbers, then a) Isomorphism exists b) Homomorphism exists c) Heteromorphic exists d) Association exists View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let T be the group of real numbers under addition, and let T’ be the group of positive real numbers under multiplication. The mapping f: T -> T’ defined by f(a)=2*a is a homomorphism because f(atb)=2a+b = 2a*2b = f(a)*f(b). Again f is also one-to-one and onto T and T’ are isomorphic.10. If x * y = x + y + xy then (G, *) is a) Monoid b) Abelian group c) Commutative semigroup d) Cyclic group A View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: Let x and y belongs to a group G.Here closure and associativity axiom holds simultaneously. Let e be an element in G such that x * e = x then x+e+xe=a => e(1+x)=0 => e = O/(1+x) = 0. So, identity axiom does not exist but commutative property holds. Thus, (G,*) is a commutative semigroup.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Groups - Closure and Associativity « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Groups - Closure and Associativity”. 1, Let (A7, ®7)=({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, ®7) is a group. It has two sub groups X and Y. X={1, 3, 6}, Y= {2, 3, 5}. What is the order of union of subgroups? a) 65 b)5 c) 32 d) 18 View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Given, (A7, @7)=({1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, ®7) and the union of two sub groups X and Y, X={1, 3, 6} Y={2, 3, 5} is XUY={1, 2, 3, 5, 6} i.e., 5. Here, the order of the union can not be divided by order of the group.2. A relation (34 x 78) x 57 = 57 x (78 x 34) can have property. a) distributive b) associative c) commutative d) closure “ View Answer Answer: b Explanation: For any three elements(numbers) a, b and c associative property describes ax(bxc)=(axb)xc [for multiplication]. Hence associative property is true for multiplication and it is true for multiplication also.3. By: ({0, 1, 2....(n-1)}, Xm) where x, stands for “multiplication-modulo-n” and Bz: ({0, 1, 2....1}, X,) where x, stands for “multiplication- modulo-m” are the two statements. Both B, and B; are considered to be a) groups b) semigroups c) subgroups d) associative subgroup view Answer Answer: b Explanation: Here, B; is the group and identity element is 0, means for all a€&Bj, a+n.0=a. As a e=0 and eta = etat+ea=a => e=0. So e=0 will be identity, for e to be identity, a*e =a = atetae =a = erae =0 and e(1+a) = 0 which gives e=0 or a=-1. So, when a = -1, no identity element exist as e can be any value in that case.7. Let G be a finite group with two sub groups M & N such that |M|=56 and |N{=123. Determine the value of | MNN |. a) 1 b) 56 c) 14 d) 78 A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: We know that gcd(56, 123)=1. So, the value of | MNN|=1.8. A group G, ({0}, +) under addition operation satisfies which of the following properties? a) identity, multiplicity and inverse b) closure, associativity, inverse and identity c) multiplicity, associativity and closure d) inverse and closure I View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Closure for all a, bEG, the result of the operation, a+b, is also in G. Since there is one element, hence a=b=0, and a+b=0+0=0€G. Hence, closure property is satisfied. Associative for all a, b, céG, (a+b)+c=a+(b+c). For example, a=b=c=0. Hence (at+b)+c=a+(b+c) —(0+0)+0=0+(0+0)—0=0. Hence, associativity property is satisfied. Suppose for an element e&G such that, there exists an element a€G and so the equation eta=ate=a holds. Such an element is unique, the identity element property is satisfied. For example, a=e=0. Hence e+a = at+te—0+0=0+0—0=a. Hence e=0 is the identity element. For each a&G, there exists an element b&G (denoted as a-1), such that a+b=b+a=e, where e is the identity element. The inverse element is 0 as addition of 0 with 0 will be 0, which is an identity element of the structure.9. If (M, *) is a cyclic group of order 73, then number of generator of Gis equalto_ a) 89 b) 23 c) 72 d)17 View Answer Answer: c Explanation: We need to find the number of co-primes of 73 which are less than 73. As 73 itself is a prime, all the numbers less than that are co-prime to it and it makes a group of order 72 then it can be of {1, 3, 5, 7, 11.}e10. The set of even natural numbers, {6, 8, 10, 12,..} is closed under addition operation. Which of the following properties will it satisfy? a) closure property b) associative property c) symmetric property d) identity property View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The set of even natural numbers is closed by the addition as the sum of any two of them produces another even number. Hence, this closed set satisfies the closure property.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Groups - Existence of Identity & Inverse « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Puzzles focuses on “Groups - Existence of Identity & Inverse”. 1. In a group there must be only element. a)1 b) 2 0o3 d)5 A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: There can be only one identity element in a group and each element in a group has exactly one inverse element. Hence, two important consequences of the group axioms are the uniqueness of the identity element and the uniqueness of inverse elements.2.___ is the multiplicative identity of natural numbers. a) 0 b) -1 c) 1 d)2 A View Answer Answer: c Explanation: 1 is the multiplicative identity of natural numbers as a-1=a=1-a VWaeN. Thus, 1 is the identity of multiplication for the set of integers(Z), set of rational numbers(Q), and set of real numbers(R).3. An identity element of a group has element. a) associative b) commutative c) inverse d) homomorphic A View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: By the definition of all elements of a group have an inverse. For an element, a in a group G, an inverse of a is an element b such that ab=e, where e is the identity in the group. The inverse of an element is unique and usually denoted as - a.4. matrices do not have multiplicative inverses. a) non-singular b) singular c) triangular d) inverse View Answer Answer: b Explanation: The rational numbers are an extension of the integer numbers in which each non-zero number has an inverse under multiplication. A 3 x 3 matrix may or may not have an inverse under matrix multiplication. The matrices which do not have multiplicative inverses are termed as singular matrices.5. If X is an idempotent nonsingular matrix, then X must be a) singular matrix b) identity matrix c) idempotent matrix d) nonsingular matrix “ View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Since X is idempotent, we have X*=X. As X is nonsingular, it is invertible. Thus, the inverse matrix xX! exists. Then we have, l=X"'X = X1X2=IX=X.6. If A, B, and C are invertible matrices, the expression (AB'y'(CA'y'C2 evaluates to a) BC b) C'BC c) AB! d) c'B View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Using the properties (AB) '=b" 1A? and (A')'=A, we may have, (AB'Y'(CA ty 12 =(B I Ataty'ctc2 =BA'AC'C2 =BIC=BC [As, A'A=I].7. If the sum of elements in each row of an nxn matrix Z is zero, then the matrix is a) inverse b) non-singular c) additive inverse d) singular View Answer Answer: d Explanation: By the definition, an nxn matrix A is said to be singular if there exists a nonzero vector v such that Av=0. Otherwise, it is known that A is a nonsingular matrix.8. are the symmetry groups used in the Standard model. a) lie groups b) subgroups ¢) cyclic groups d) poincare groups I View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A symmetry group can encode symmetry features of a geometrical object. The group consists of the set of transformations that leave the object unchanged. Lie groups are such symmetry groups used in the standard model of particle physics, 9. A semigroup S under binary operation * that has an identity is called a) multiplicative identity b) monoid c) subgroup d) homomorphism * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let P(S) is a commutaty semigroup has the identity e, a e*A=A=A*e for any element A belongs to P(S). Hence, P(S) is a monoid.10. An element a in a monoid is called an idempotent if a) a'=a*a! b) a*a2=a c) a*=a*a=a d) a?=a*a View Answer Answer: ¢ Explanation: An algebraic structure with a single associative binary operation and an Identity element are termed as a monoid. It is studied in semigroup theory. An element x in a monoid is called idempotent if a? = a*a=a.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Groups - Subgroups « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Groups - Subgroups”. 1. A trivial subgroup consists of a) Identity element b) Coset c) Inverse element d) Ring * View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Let G be a group under a binary operation * and a subset H of G is called a subgroup of G if H forms a group under the operation *. The trivial subgroup of any group is the subgroup consisting of only the Identity element.2. Minimum subgroup of a group is called a) a commutative subgroup b) a lattice c) a trivial group d) a monoid A View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The subgroups of any given group form a complete lattice under inclusion termed as a lattice of subgroups. If o is the Identity element of a group(G), then the trivial group(o) is the minimum subgroup of that group and G is the maximum subgroup.3. Let K be a group with 8 elements. Let H be a subgroup of K and H K between two groups M and K is a mapping which satisfies two conditions: 1) f is a bijection and 2) for every x,y belongs to M, we have f(x*My) = f(x) * Kfly).Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Groups - Cosets « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Groups - Cosets”. j.a*Hisasetof___ coset. a) right b) left c) sub d) semi View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let (H, *) be the semigroup of the group (G, *). Let a belongs to G. (a * H) is the set of a left coset of H in G and (H * a) be the set of a right coset of Hin G.2.a* H=H * a relation holds if a) H is semigroup of an abelian group b) His monoid of a group c) His a cyclic group d) H is subgroup of an abelian group * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: If h is the subgroup of an abelian group G, then the set of left cosets of H in G is to be set of right cosets i.e, a * H = H * a. Hence, subgroup is called the normal subgroup. 3. Lagrange’s theorem specifies a) the order of semigroup is finite b) the order of the subgroup divides the order of the finite group c) the order of an abelian group is infinite d) the order of the semigroup is added to the order of the group * View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Lagrange’s theorem satisfies that the order of the subgroup divides the order of the finite group.4. A function is defined by f(x)=2x and f(x + y) = f(x) + fly) is called a) isomorphic b) homomorphic ¢) cyclic group d) heteromorphic a View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Let (G,*) and (G’+) are two groups. The mapping f:G->G’ is said to be isomorphism if two conditions are satisfied 1) f is one-to-one function and onto function and 2) f satisfies homomorphism. 5. An isomorphism of a group onto itself is called a) homomorphism b) heteromorphism ¢) epimorphism d) automorphism A vi nswer Answer: d Explanation: An automorphism is defined as an isomorphism of a group onto itself. Similarly, the homomorphism of a grqiT onto itself is defined as the endomorph of the group.6. The elements of a vector space form a/an under vector addition. a) abelian group b) commutative group c) associative group d) semigroup View Answer Answer: a Explanation: An example of a coset is associated with the theory of vector spaces, The elements (vectors) form an abelian group under the vector addition in a vector space. Subspaces of a vector space are subgroups of this group. 7. A set of representatives of all the cosets is called a) transitive b) reversal c) equivalent d) transversal iA Answer: d Explanation: A coset representative is a representative in the equivalence class| all cosets, a set of the re - | always transversal.8. Which of the following statement is true? a) The set of all rational negative numbers forms a group under multiplication b) The set of all matrices forms a group under multiplication c) The set of all non-singular matrices forms a group under multiplication d) The set of matrices forms a subgroup under multiplication A View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Since multiplication of two negative rational numbers gives a positive number. Hence, closure property is not satisfied. Singular matrices do not form a group under multiplication. Matrices have to be non-singular (determinant !=0) for the inverse to exist. Hence the set of all non- singular matrices forms a group under multiplication is a true option.9. How many different non-isomorphic Abelian groups of order 8 are there? a)5 b) 4 c)2 d)3 “ View Answer Answer: c Explanation: The number of Abelian groups of order P™ (let, P is prime) is the number of partitions of m. Here order is 8 i.e. 2? and so partition of 3 are {1, 1} and {3, O}. So number of different abelian groups are 2.10. Consider the set B* of all strings over the alphabet set B = {0, 1} with the concatenation operator for strings a) does not form a group b) does not have the right identity element c) forms a non-commutative group d) forms a group if the empty string is removed from View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Identity element for concatenation is an empty string. Now, we cannot concatenate any string with a given string to get empty string there is no inverse for string concatenation. Only other 3 group properties such as_ closure, associative and existence of identity are satisfied.Discrete Mathematics Questions and Answers - Cyclic Groups « Prev Next » This set of Discrete Mathematics Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Cyclic Groups”. 1. An infinite cyclic group does not have a ____ series. a) AP b) GP c) Composite d) Finite * View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Suppose that any finite group of order less than n has a composition series. Let G be a finite group of order n. If G is simple, then G>{e}, where e is the identity element of G and hence, it is a composition series. However, any infinite cyclic group does not have a composite series.2. Every cyclic groupisa/an_ a) infinite subgroup b) abelian group c) monoid d) commutative semigroup View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Let C be a cyclic group with a generator g€C. Namely, we have G={g.Let x and y be arbitrary elements in C. Then, there exists n, mEZ such that x=gn and y=gm. It follows that x*y = gn*gm = gn+m = gm*gn = yx. Hence, we find that xy=yx for any x,y belongs to G.Thus, G is an abelian group.3. What is an irreducible module? a) A cyclic module in a ring with any non-zero element as its generator b) A cyclic module in a ring with any positive integer as its generator c) An acyclic module in a ring with rational elements as its generator d) A linearly independent module in a semigroup with a set of real numbers A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: A nonzero R-module M is irreducible if and only if M is a cyclic module with any nonzero element as its generator. Suppose that M is an irreducible module. Let a€M be any nonzero element and consider the submodule (a) generated by the element a. Since a is a nonzero element, the submodule (a) is non-zero. Since M is irreducible, this implies that M= (a). Hence M is a cyclic module generated by a. Since a is any nonzero element, the module M is a cyclic module with any nonzero element as its generator.4. A finite group G of order 219 is a) a semigroup b) a subgroup c) a commutative inverse d) a cyclic group * View Answer Answer: d Explanation: The prime factorization 219=3-73. By the definition of Sylow’s theorem, determine the number np of Sylow p-group for p=3,73. np=1(mod p) and np divides n/p. Thus, n3 could be 1, 4, 7, 10, 13,... and n3 needs to divide 219/3=73. Hence the only possible value for n3 is n3=1. So there is a unique Sylow 3- subgroup P3 of G. By Sylow’s theorem, the unique Sylow 3-subgroup must be a normal subgroup of G. Similarly, n73=1, 74,... and n73 must divide 219/73=3 and hence we must have n73=1. Thus, G has a unique normal Sylow 73-subgroup P73.5. The number of generators of cyclic group of order 219 is a) 144 b) 124 c) 56 d) 218 “ View Answer Answer: a Explanation: The number of generators of a cyclic group of order n is equal to the number of integers between 1 and n that are relatively prime to n.Namely, the number of generators is equal to q@(n), where © is the Euler totient function. We know that G is a cyclic group of order 219. Hence, the number of generators of G is (219) = (3)(73) = 3:73 = 144.6. The order of a simple abelian group is a) infinite b) real number c) finite d) prime A View Answer Answer: a Explanation: Let p be the order of g (hence the order of G). As a contradiction, assume that p=ab is a composite number with integers a> 1, b > 1. Then (ga) is a proper normal subgroup of G. This is a contradiction since G is simple. Thus, p must be a prime number. Therefore, the order of G is a prime number.7. The Number of Elements Satisfying g7=e in afinite Group Fis_ a) even b) not a number c) odd d) rational A View Answer Answer: c Explanation: Let g#e be an element in group F such that g7=e. As 7 is a prime number, this yields that the order of g is 7. Consider, the subgroup (g) is generated by g. As the order of g is 7, the order of the subgroup (g) is 7. Hence, the order must be odd.8. All the rings of order p2 is a) associative b) cyclic c) inverse d) commutative h View Answer Answer: d Explanation: Let R be a ring with unit 1. Suppose that the order of R is |R|=p2 for some prime number p. Then it has been proven that R is a commutative ring. 9. An element of a commutative ring R(1#0) is nilpotent if a) a+1=0 b) a" = 0, for some positive integer n c) a" = 1, for some integer n d) a*=0 - View Answer Answer: b Explanation: Since a is nilpotent in a commutative ring R, we have an=0 for some positive integer n. since R is commutative, for any mé&R, we have (am)n=anmn=0. Then we have following equality: (1-am)(1 vemyvamAal +(am)n-1)=1. Hence, 1-am is a unit in R.