Soldering - filler material used is ferrous, copper or silver -

role of fluxes in welding – To prevent atmospheric reaction and to remove impurities.

Different methods of welding – Fusion welding – arc, gas, hermit; Plastic – Ultrasonic, friction, forge,
electric resistance welding;

There are three basic flame types:

neutral (balanced), - no chemical effect on the metal being welded

excess acetylene (carburizing)- produce iron carbide, causing a chemical change in steel and iron

carburizing flame is not used on metals that absorb carbon

excess oxygen (oxidizing). - An oxidizing flame is hotter than a neutral flame and is often used on copper and
zinc.