Chapter # 3 (Dynamics) Short Questions 1. State the Law of Conservation of momentum. Conservation of momentum: This law states that “the momentum of an_ isolated system of (wo or more than two interacting bodies remains constant” © For momentum conservation, no extemal force act on body. ‘Exampl Momentum is conserved in following examples. © Inairsilled balloon. ‘* Molecules of gas in cylinder. # In gum and bullet system. 2. The weight of body is 147N. What is its mass?(Take g =10 ms”) Given data: Weight = W = 14.7N Gravitational acceleration = g = 10 ms Mass = m=? Solution: We know that. W=mg ar s, fe D, m= 14.7Kg ‘Thus, mass of a body is 14.7 Kg. 3. What is centrifugal and centrip write equation. Centripetal force: ‘A force that keeps s a body circle is known as centripetal force, © This force continuously changes t motion. # Its unit is ‘N’ or Kems* Examples: As shown in figure, ball, tied with string moves in circle due to centripetal force. Sf Centrifugal force: ‘A reaction force that pulls the string outward from centre is known as centrifugal force. © Itis fictitious (pseudo) force. Re © Its unit is “N° or Kgms”. Examples: ‘As shown in figure, ball ted with string moves away from centre due to centrifugal force. UBAIDULLAH DANISH |. Define inertia. Inertia: ‘The property of body due to which it resists any change in its state of rest or motion, is known as inertia Inertia o mass Examples: ‘© Man forward when car makes sharp tum. © Coin falls into the glass as card flicks away. me ment ‘ 3 te Lewitt y Rolling friction is less than sliding friction? iction less than sliding: , rolling friction less than sliding friction. ng friction, area of contact is less le point of rolling object is ace as shown in figure but in sliding area is greater. | dl cerca es Fr Shel Contant oie 6. What is meant by Banking of road and Write its benefits? Banking of road: ‘The phenomenon of raising outer edge of the curved road above the inner edge is to provide necessary centripetal force to vehicles is known as banking of road. # This force is provided by friction between tyres and road. Benefits: # Itptevents skidding of vehicles. It makes the driving safe. . What is the principle of cream separator, write its use. ‘Cream separator: A high speed spinner is known as separator. Principle: Tt acts on principle of centrifuge machine, © Denser skimmed milk is collected at outer wall and cream at centre. Uses: (Knowledge Speaks but Wisdom Listen.) Page 1‘© Iris used to control the fact contents of various products. 8. Differentiate between Action and Reaction with examples. Action and reaction: The force exerted by hands on wall is known as action. The opposite force exerted by wall on hands is known as reaction. Example: The first of one boxer on jaw of other boxer is action but due to reaction jaw also exerts force on fist as shown in figure. 1" law of motion (Law of ine This law states that “A b state of rest or on uniform motion provided no net force acts on it” is kt motion. © tis also called law of inertia, This law valid for inertial frame i Examples: ‘* Book lying on table. ‘© Uniform motion of car on road. 10. Differentiate between mass and weight. Mas The quantity of matter possessed by the body is known as mass of body. * m=pV Iisa scalar quantity Its unit is ‘Ke’ It does not change with change of place. It is measured by a beam balance. Weight: The force of gravity which acts on the body is known as weight © Weight of body is equal to force with which earth attracts it ie, W = mg, Itis vector quantity. Its unit is “N’ or ‘Kems™ It changes with change of place. * Itis measured by spring balance. 11. Define Momentum; write its formula and SI unit. UBAIDULLAH DANISH (Knowledge Speaks but Wisdom Listen.) Momentum: The quantity of motion of a body possesses due to its ‘mass and velocity is known as momentum. OR: ‘The product of mass and velocity of a body is known as momentum. © Pam. © Ibis a vector quantity © Its unit is ‘Kems" OR ‘Ns’. «If m=0 then P=0 and if v=0 then P=0. 12. Define Force and write its unit. Force: ‘A parameter which moves or tends to move, stops or tends to stop the motion of a body is known as force. © Itcan also change the direction of motion of a body Example: © Pushing the wall due to force. ‘Stopping and kicking the ball due to force 13. What is Atwood machine, write its one use? PAprood machin 5 An arrangement of two objects of unequal known as Atwood machine. h objects are attached to the ends of the ‘The string passes over the frictionless ey as shown in figure. ‘When a bus takes a sharp turn, passengers fall in the outward direction, It is due to inertia that they ‘want to continue their motion in a straight line and fall outward. . A horse pushes the cart. If the action and reaction are equal and opposite then how does the cart move? Horse and cart: According to 3" law of motion, “For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction”. Action and reaction both are not acted on same body. Now if we look at forces acting on horse, horse exert action force on cart and ground, Here catt’s force equal in magnitude and opposite direction but reaction force exerted by ground on horse move forward Fea = Fagg ~ Fecion As Page 2Frppted > Foicion So, Acceleration is produced in horse. force is needed to prevent a body of mass 10 kg from falling? Given data: mass = m= 10 kg Force required = Solution: ‘As we know, So, a force of 100 N equal to weight of mass is needed to prevent from falling. 17. Define friction, Write the value of co- friction between tyre and dry road. Friction (Traction): The force that opposes the objects is known as friction. ‘© Friction is due to relative moti surface unit is Newton. + Four * Value of coefficient of frietio dry road is | 18. What is meant by coefficient of fi Coefficient of friction: ‘ pr ie bowesa ea reaction ‘F,’ and the normal reaction ‘R’ is e constant is know a: confceot of feion, It is represented by “y Fook on & It has no unit because itis the ratio of two same quantities. Ithas different values for different material ie. ice and wood is 0.05 and steel and stec! is 0.8 19, Mention at least two methods to reduc: friction. Reduction of friction: There are following methods to reduce friction Making the sliding surface smooth, Lubricating the sliding surfaces Using ball bearings. Making fast moving objects streamline. 20, Write the equation relation momentum and force. Momentum and force: ‘When a force acts on a body, it produces acceleration in the body and will be equal to the rate of change of momentum of the body. OR: Rate of change of momentum is equal to applied force. © From this equation, ST unit of momentum is Ns OR Kgms? . Define Newton’s 3rd law of motion and give one example. Newton’s 3 law: This law states that “To every action, there is always an equal but opposite reaction” is known as Newton's third law of motion + Fo=Fr Action and reaction forces act on different bodies and do not cancel each other. Example: f «Book on table action of air pushes out the balloon moves it. ring advantages of friction, ‘write without friction is to walk on road, trun on slippery ground without it fly with friction. al Stopwatch? recoils to conserve its momentum, ~~ When bullet is fired from gun, it gains some am, So, to conserve momentum, gun recoils. Recoiling velocity (V) = - 2 v From this relation itis cleared that recoiling velocity is less and opposite in direction. 24, When a gun is fired, it recoils, why? Isolated system: ‘A group of interacting bodies on which no external force is action is known as isolated system. ‘* This system does not exchange energy and ‘mater with its surroundings Examples © A soup is in an insulated container. ‘© Gas molecules in container as shown in figure. For Wav Quermecuntact at Ht LEVTETIES ne “Leading Ph: (Knowledge Speaks but Wisdom Listen.) UBAIDULLAH DANISH Page 3