Dokumen - Tips Learntraining Angol Nyelvtanpdf

Angol
nyelvtan
UJIXHUJ
OLOZ • p Q B I H
LEflRtlTRflinmG - flnGOL nyELVTflll
Szerző:
ENGI KATALIN
Lektor:
BÚZA JUDIT
Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítást, a mű bővített,

illetve rövidített változata kiadásának jogát is. A kiadó írásbeli
engedélye nélkül sem a teljes mű, sem annak része semmilyen
formában nem sokszorosítható.
Kiadói kód: MX-234
ISBN 978 963 962 430 6
© Compact Verlag, M ünchen

© Maxim Kiadó, Szeged
Tartalomjegyzék
Előszó.................................................................................................. 7
Jelmagyarázat .....................................................................................8
1. Articles (definite, indefinite, zero) - Névelők............................... 9
2. Nouns (singular and plural, countable and uncountable) -

Főnevek......................................................................................... 23
3. Adjectives (regular and irregular forms, comparisons) -

Melléknevek .................................................................................33
4. Adverbs (of place, time and manner) - Határozók.................... 47
5. Prepositions (of time and place; after verbs and adjectives) -

Elöljárószók ..................................................................................61
6. Pronouns (personal, object, possessive; one, some and any) -

Névmások..................................................................................... 79
7. Gerund, Infinitive and Participle ................................................. 95
8. Auxiliaries and Modal verbs - Segédigék ............................. 113
9. Tenses - Igeidők..........................................................................133
Present Simple - Egyszerű jelen id ő ......................................133
Present Continuous - Folyamatos jelenid ő ............................139
Past Simple - Egyszerű múlt idő ........................................... 147
5
Tartalomjegyzék
Past Continuous - Folyamatos múlt id ő ............................... 149
Present Perfect - Befejezett jelen idő ....................................153
Expressing the future (will and going to) - Jövő idő

kifejezése................................................................................162
10. Passive Voice - Szenvedő szerkezet...........................................167
11. Asking questions, tag-questions - Kérdésfeltevés,

utókérdés ................................................................................... 181
12. Conditionals - Feltételes mód ..................................................193
13. Clauses ( time-clause, defining relative clause) -

Mellékmondatok ....................................................................... 203
14. Reported speech - Függő beszéd .............................................215
15. Conjunctions and linkers - Kötőszók, a szöveg

kapcsolóelemei .......................................................................... 223
16. Word formation - Szóképzés.................................................... 233
Final Test - Záró teszt ...................................................................... 245
Key - Megoldókulcs......................................................................... 259
6
Előszó
Az idegennyelv-tudás egyik alapja a nyelvtani ismeretek elsajátítása.

A nyelvtani rendszer megértéséhez, rögzítéséhez és magabiztos hasz
nálatához sok gyakorlásra van szükség. Ehhez kíván segítséget nyújtani
ez a kiadvány, melyben az angol nyelvtan gyakorlására helyeztük a
hangsúlyt.
A kötet alapvetően az önálló tanulást és gyakorlást kívánja segíteni oly
módon, hogy egy-egy nyelvtani jelenség gyakoroltatása előtt anya
nyelven áttekinti és példákkal illusztrálja annak működését úgy, mintha
egy magántanártól kapna a diák magyarázatokat, majd amikor az
elmélet már érthető, következhet az elmélyítés. A könyv könnyen
befogadhatóvá teszi a nehezebb nyelvtani jelenségeket is, mivel
egyszerre csak kisebb egységeket tárgyal. A gyakorlófeladatok
fokozatosan nehezednek, így a fejezetek második részében már olyan
feladatokat is adunk, melyek komplexebb ismereteket kérnek számon.
A könyv végén található összefoglaló teszttel pedig bárki lemérheti
tudását, képet kaphat arról, hogy mely területeken erős és mely
területeken kell még fejlődnie.
Szándékunk az volt, hogy a középszintű érettségire készülő diákoknak
adjunk segítséget, ezért elsősorban a középszinten (tehát az A2 - B1
szinten) elvárható ismereteket tárgyaljuk. Az érettségizők mellett
azonban jó szívvel ajánljuk minden nyelvtanulónak, kezdőnek és a B1
szinten túl járó haladónak, hiszen mindenki megtalálhatja a szintjének
megfelelő feladatokat, vagy felfrissítheti korábbi ismereteit. A gya
korlatokat témakörönként csoportosítottuk, így téve lehetővé azon
nyelvtani egységek gyakorlását, ahol az ismeretek elmélyítése szükséges.
A gyakorlókönyv tartalmazza az egyes feladatok megoldását is, mely
ugyancsak az önálló tanulást segíti.
Bízva abban, hogy kötetünket haszonnal forgatja, jó munkát kívánunk!
A Szerző és a Kiadó
1
Jelmagyarázat
A könyvben a következő jelölésekkel találkozhat:
Q Minden fejezetben megtalálja az adott nyelvtani vagy szókincs

beli probléma rövid magyarázatát.
@ A z adott jelenség könnyen érthető példákon keresztül jelenik

meg.
Q a kivételekre, a nehézségekre vagy rendhagyó alakra hívja fel a

figyelmet, és tanulás-módszertani ötleteket ad.
Ü A nehezebb feladatokra hívja fel a figyelmet.
8
Articles - Névelők
1. Articles - Névelők
Q Csakúgy mint a magyar nyelvben, az angolban is megkülön
böztetünk határozott és határozatlan névelőt.
Határozott névelő: the (a/az)

Határozatlan névelő: a/an (egy)
mássalhangzóval kezdődő szó előtt: a
a boy
a footballer
magánhangzóval kezdődő szó előtt: an
an eye
an apple
Annak eldöntésében, hogy a vagy an névelőt használunk, a kiejtés és

nem a szó írott alakja számít.
an hour ( a h-t nem ejtjük)
a uniform (az első betű kiejtése: ju)
Használja a határozatlan (a - an) névelő megfelelő alakját!

1 Use the right form of the indefinite (a - an) article.
museum umbrella
hospital article
question old car
French window table
university holiday
airport knife
bridge yellow cab
ca': Indian restaurant
9
A határozatlan névelő használata
1. ha általánosságban beszélünk egy dologról, nem egy meg

határozott dologra gondolunk
Q There's a red pencil in your hand. - Piros ceruza van a kezedben.
Mary works in a bank. - Mari egy bankban dolgozik.
2. leggyakrabban egy ember foglalkozását, rangját, jellemvonását

jelölő főnév előtt
Q I'm a student. - Diák vagyok.
You're a genius. - Te zseni vagy.
Q Csak megszámlálható főnevek előtt állhat. Ha egy megszámlálható

főnév egyes számban van és nem határozott, a határozatlan
névelőt ki kell tenni.
Q When i was a child, we lived in Budapest. - Gyerekkoromban Buda
pesten éltünk.
3. mértékegységek neve előtt (a one számnév helyett)

B a kilo of bread - egy kiló kenyér
an hour - egy óra
a thousand times - ezerszer
a couple - egy pár
Igen gyakori az alábbi típusú kifejezésekben:

once a week - hetente egyszer
2 months a year - évente 2 hónap
50 p a kilo - 50 penny kilója
fifty kilometres an hour - óránként 50 km
These pineapples are 2 pounds a piece. - Ennek az ananásznak 2 font
darabja.
10
Figyelje meg az alábbi kifejezéseket:

half a year - fél év
half a kilo - fél kiló
halfa dozen - fél tucat
Q one and a half years - másfél év
two and a half kilos - két és fél kiló
4. étkezések neve előtt nem használjuk

Q have breakfast/lunch/dinner - reggelizni/ebédelni/vacsorázni
What's for lunch today? - Mi van ma ebédre?
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megfelelő határozatlan

névelővel (a/an - 0), ahol szükséges!
Fill in he gaps with the right form of the indefinite article
(a/an - 0), where necessary.
1. This i s ............. picture of me.

2. My younger brother has g o t............. red hair.
3. Her husband i s ............. electrical engineer.
4. Suzanne w a s............. very thin girl when she was young.
5. I never w atch............. football matches on TV.
6. I usually have............. shower in the morning.
7. More than............. thousand students go to that secondary school.
8. They often have.............dinner in ................restaurant.
9. My grandparents don't live here. I can only see them once...... month.
10 Don would like to g e t............. Manchester United football shirt.
11 A re ..............yellow roses your favourite flowers?
12 How often do you play............. tennis?
13 My brother is going to have............. party on Saturday.
14 She is ..........ideal babysitter. She loves playing w ith........... children.
11
15.Jean is studying............. photography because she wants to be

............. photographer.
16.1like to see the dentist tw ice............. year.
17. Matthew is ........... sick. He's been bitten b y ............... spider.
18.1bought him ..........pair of black shoes to wear it at the reception.
19.You a re ............. idiot!
20. Mary le ft............ h a lf................ hour ago.
A határozott névelő használata
1. a már említett, mindenki számára egyértelmű dolgok jelölésére

Q There is a car in front of the school. - Van egy autó az iskola előtt.
There are two men in the car. - Két férfi van az autóban.
2. olyan tárgyak jelölésére, amelyekből egy van vagy egyértelmű, hogy

melyikre gondolunk
Q The Moon goes around the Earth. - A Hold kering a Föld körül.
The children are playing in the garden. - A gyerekek a kertben
játszanak.
I'm going to the shop. Do you need anything? - Megyek a boltba.
Kérsz valamit?
Q space - űr
The first living creature in space was a dog. - Az első élőlény az
űrben egy kutya volt.
3. sorszámnevek előtt (hisz ezek határozottá teszik a főnevet)

G A/e/7Armstrong was the first man on the Moon. - N. A. volt az első
ember a Holdon.
4. felsőfokú melléknevek előtt (ezek is egyértelművé teszik, kire

gondolunk)
12
Q She is the most beautiful girl in the class. - Ő a legszebb lány az

osztályban.
5. hangszerek neve előtt a play igével alkotott kifejezésekben

Q Little Johnny is learning to play the piano. - A kis Johnny
zongorázni tanul.
6. emberek csoportját jelölő főnevek előtt

Q The Beatles were from Liverpool. - A Beatles együttes Liverpoolból
származott.
7. emberek csoportját jelölő melléknevek előtt

Q The Italians love singing. - Az olaszok szeretnek énekelni.
We must help the old. (=old people) - Segítenünk kell az időseket.
3 Határozott (the) vagy határozatlan (a/an) névelő hiányzik az

üres helyekről?
Fill in the gaps with the right article: definite (the) or
indefinite (alan).
1. Mary i s ............. hairdresser.

2. There's............. envelope in my bag.
3. Look! There's..............bird o n ............... roof. Can you see it?
4. Is there..............cellar in your house?
5. My neighbour's son can play............. drums.
6. I usually wear jeans a n d ............. T-shirt.
7. Elvis Presley is ............. King of Rock and Roll.
8. I have never seen..............alligator.
9. Would you like............. glass of orange juice?
10. Brian i s ........... tallest in the family.
11 .They live o n ........... second floor.
1
12. My sister hasn't found............. job yet.

13. Do you see...........big guy with my sister over there? He's her new
boyfriend.
14. Please turn o ff............. television before you go to bed.
15...............First World War started in 1914.
16. There are dark clouds in ........... sky. It's going to rain soon.
17. Bournemouth is ..........seaside resort in...............south of England.
18. I've g o t............. appointment a t ...............dentist's at 6.30.
19. Have you got change fo r ............. pound?
20. Do you go home a t ............. same time every day?
A határozott névelő használata földrajzi nevek előtt
1. folyók, tengerek, óceánok neve előtt

Q the Danube - Duna
the Black Sea - Fekete-tenger
the Atlantic Ocean - Atlanti-óceán
2. több szóból álló vagy birtokos szerkezetet tartalmazó országnevek

és egyéb földrajzi nevek előtt
s the United States of America - Amerikai Egyesült Államok
the Czech Republic - Cseh Köztársaság
the Great Wall of China - Kínai Nagy Fal
O Great Britain
3. többes számban álló tulajdonnevek előtt
Q the Netherlands - Hollandia
the Alps - Alpok
14
0
4. vendéglátóipari egységek (szálloda, étterem, söröző) és kulturális

intézmények (mozi, színház, múzeum) teljes neve előtt, kivéve ha
a név személynevet tartalmaz
Q the Grand Hotel
the Golden Lion (restaurant)
the Tate Modern (art gallery)
Q Luigi's Bar
A határozott névelő rendhagyó használata
Q the High Street - Fő utca

the Hague - Hága
A fentebb említett eseteket kivéve földrajzi nevek, illetve intézmény-

nevek elé nem kell kitenni a határozott névelőt.
Q tavak: Lake Michigan
városok, országok: Glasgow

Italy
utcák, terek, parkok, hidak: Downing Street

Leicester Square
Regent's Park
Golden Gate Bridge
kastélyok, templomok: Buckingham Palace

Westminster Abbey
vasútállomások, repülőterek: Paddington Station

Heathrow Airport
15
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megadott tulajdonnevekkel!

4 Használja a határozott névelőt, ahol szükséges!
Complete the sentences with a proper name from the list.
Use the definite article where necessary.
National Museum High Street Central Park

Amazon Heathrow Airport Big Ben
United Kingdom Pacific Ocean Channel Islands
Statue of Liberty
1. The biggest airport in the world i s ................................in London.

2. In many towns the main street is usually called..............................
3...........................................consists of England, Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland.
4. The famous clock in the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament is
called.................................................
5. The longest river in South America i s .................................. ...........
6................................................... lie between the south coast of
England and the north of France.
7. We have seen a very exciting exhibition of French Impressionist

paintings in ................................................
8. For the immigrants to America, the sight o f ..................................
meant that they arrived in the land of their dreams.
9. The huge park in the middle of New York is called.........................
10. Hawaii, the 50th state of the United States lies in ..........................
O A radio és a cinema szavak előtt mindig határozott névelő áll

(kivéve, ha az épületre gondolunk).
A television szó előtt csak akkor áll névelő, ha a készülékre utalunk.
16
Q / very rarely listen to the radio in the afternoon. - Délután ritkán

hallgatok rádiót.
I don't like going to the cinema on my own. - Nem szeretek
egyedül moziba menni.
There is a cinema on the corner of our street. - Van egy mozi az
utcánk sarkán.
How often do you watch television? - Milyen gyakran nézel tévét?
Don't forget to switch off the television before going to bed. - Ne
felejtsd el kikapcsolni a tévét lefekvés előtt!
Használja a megfelelő névelőt! Ha nem szükséges névelő,

5 húzza ki a helyét!
Use the appropriate article where necessary. If you don't
need one, draw a line (-).
1. I took my dog fo r............. walk in ............... park.

2. I'd like to become............. chef in ............... elegant restaurant.
3. "Would you like to come t o ............. cinema with me?" "OK, let's
go t o ............. Odeon."
4. They lo ve ............. winter sports. Every winter they go skiing in
............. Alps.
5. Do you like............. American football?
6. Would you like............. dripk?
7. When I arrived a t ............. concert, ............... band was playing
............. first song.
8. Paul i s ............. Englishman.
9. I f ............. weather is nice tomorrow, we'll go t o ............... beach.
10. Once........... year we go t o ...............very nice hotel fo r...............
wellness weekend.
11. Do you live in ........... town or in ...............country?
12.1 enjoy helping............people.
17
13 ............... Trafalgar Square i s ............... London's most important

public place.
14. Barbara i s ............. optimist.
15. In ..........Great Britain...........sausages are known a s...........bangers.
16. Our holiday w a s............. disaster.
17. What do you usually have fo r ............. breakfast?
18. It's..............secret. Please don't tell it to anyone.
19 ............. Beatles have .............. song about .............. street in
Liverpool called............. Penny Lane.
20 ............ first president o f ...............USA was George Washington.
21 ............ orange juice is good for you.
22. Have..............look at the view. Don't you want to ta ke ...............
photographs?
23. Why did you paint............. front door of your house red? Didn't
you have............. brown paint?
24. In Hungary more and more people learn how to play............. golf.
25. What i s ............. first thing you do in ...............morning?
Q Névelőhasználat a bed, court, church, home, hospital, prison,

school, university és work szavak előtt
Amikor ezeket a dolgokat rendeltetésszerűen használjuk, tehát
arra, amire elsődlegesen szolgálnak, nem használunk előttük
névelőt.
Q When do you go to bed? - Mikor szoktál lefeküdni? (az ágy az

ember pihenésére szolgál)
/Ve never been in hospital. - Még soha nem feküdtem kórházban.
(betegként)
Tina wants to study Mathematics at university. - Tina matematikát
akar tanulni az egyetemen.
18
Q Why do you let the cat go on the bed? - Miért engeded meg a
macskának, hogy felmenjen az ágyra?
I went to the hospital to visit my grandma. - Elmentem meglátogatni
a.nagymamámat a kórházban, (nem én vagyok a beteg)
Tina went to the university to talk to her professor. - Tina bement
az egyetemre, hogy beszéljen a tanárával, (az épületbe ment)
Használja a megfelelő névelőt! Ha nem szükséges névelő,

6 húzza ki a helyét!
Use the appropriate article where necessary. If you don't
1. If you don't go t o ............. bed in time, you won't be able to get

up in ........... . morning.
2. Do you go t o ..........school b y ........... bus or b y .......... bicycle?
3. Several people got injured i n ............. accident. They were taken
t o ............. hospital right away.
4. Do you take your grandchildren t o ............. church every Sunday?
5. Jane isn't in .............building any more. She left one an d ...............
half hours ago.
6. William goes to ............. prison twice .............. week to teach
............. prisoners English and History.
7. How long did you have to stay in ............. hospital after..............
operation?
8. If you go to Brighton in July, you can swim in ............. sea and you
can g e t........... nice suntan.
9................. Russian astronaut, Yuri Gagarin w a s ............... first man
who went in to ............. space.
10.There is somebody downstairs. C a ll............. police at once!
19
11. O n ............. way here, I got lost and had to a sk ............... woman
fo r ............. directions.
12. If you follow ............. directions I gave you, you will fin d ...............
hotel you are looking for.
13 .............kind o f ................. food we eat depends on which part of
............. world we live in.
14 ..........organ o f...........cathedral is ......... second largest in Hungary.
15.1 don'tthinkyou should believeJohn. He nevertells............truth.
16. Joan of Ark w as............. young girl who was also...............soldier
a n d ..........famous leader in ........... war against........... English.
17. That old Fiat 126 w a s........... only car I could afford a s ...............
young lawyer.
18. There are 50 states in ........... USA................American flag has
..............same number of stars on it.
19. Jim h it....... man in ........... street. Now he is in ........... prison.
20. In England people start............. work later than in Hungary.
7 Egészítse ki az alábbi szöveget a megfelelő névelővel! Ha

nem szükséges névelő, húzza ki a helyét!
O Complete the text with the appropriate article. If you don't
Jason Williamson was .......... (1) basketball coach at ........... (2)

American college, and it was his job to fin d .......... (3) good players. It
was n o t.......... (4) easy job a s ...........(5) good players were not always
.......... (6) smartest people, and very often they were not accepted by
..........(7) college.
One day coach Williamson brought ..........(8) excellent player to
..........(9) dean o f.......... (10) college and asked him to take.......... (11)
student without..........(12) examination.
20
"W ell,"...........(13) dean said after a while, "first I'd like to ask him
.......... (14) few questions."
Then he turned t o ...........(15) student and asked him ........... (16) quite
easy questions, b u t........ (17) student couldn't answer them. Finally
he asked him ............(18) really easy question. "What's five times
seven?"
..........(19) student thought fo r.........(20) long time and then answered
"thirty-six."
..........(21) dean looked at Jason Williamson helplessly, b u t.......... (22)
coach said earnestly, "Please let him in, sir! He was only wrong by two".
(L. A. Hill: Advanced Anecdotes in American English)
Egészítse ki az alábbi szöveget a megfelelő névelővel! Ha

8 nem szükséges névelő, húzza ki a helyét!
(3 Complete the text with the appropriate article. If you don't
On 31st December...........(1) people celebrate.............. (2) coming of

...........(3) new year throughout Great Britain.
But New Year's Eve i s ...........(4) more important festival in Scotland
than it is in England; it even h a s ...........(5) special name. It is called
Hogmanay. It is not quite clear where........ ..(6) name comes from, but
it is connected with eating and drinking.
People dress in their best outfit and they gather i n ............. (7) town
square and wait for ..............(8) midnight. Many people attend
........... (9) parties. At midnight, when .............. (10) clock strikes
twelve, everybody cheers and shouts "Happy New Year!" and sings
...........(11) traditional Scottish song, Auld Lang Syne . They kiss each
other and drink...........(12) glass o f ........... (13) Scotch whisky.
21
Then they visit their friends to wish them ............. (14) happy new year.
Many people believe that you will have ...........(15) good luck if
...........(16) first person to come to your house i s ............(17) black,
dark stranger. He usually brings...........(18) piece of coal with him as
...........(19) good luck present. Then ............(20) Scottish people
perform...........(21) traditional country dances until............(22) early
hours o f ............. (23) morning.
22
Nouns - Főnevek
0
2. Nouns - Főnevek
Q Az angol nyelvben a főnevek csoportosíthatók aszerint, hogy meg
számlálhatok vagy nem megszámlálhatok.
Megszámlálható főnevek - countable nouns

a legtöbb olyan főnév, amelyet ténylegesen meg lehet számolni
a book, an orange, a chair, a spoon
Nem megszámlálható főnevek - uncountable nouns

1. anyagnevek
sugar, gold
2. gyűjtőnevek
furniture, luggage
3. elvont fogalmak
beauty, luck
4. sportok, tantárgyak elnevezése
billiards, tennis, Literature
Az alábbiakban a leggyakoribb nem megszámlálható

I főneveket soroltuk fel, de bizonyos betűket kihagytunk. írja
be a hiányzó magán-, ill. mássalhangzókat, és megkapja a
listát!
Here is a list of the most common uncountable nouns, with
the vowels or consonants missing. Fill in the gaps to get the
words.
A magánhangzó hiányzik A mássalhangzó hiányzik

_dv_c_ = tanács _ee_e = sajt
p_p_r = papír _o_ey = pénz
br_ _d = kenyér _u_ _e_ = vaj
23
Nouns - Főnevek
n_ _s_ = zaj i o a io = információ

r__n = eső e i = tenisz
r c = rizs e o = benzin
f__d ennivaló o ee = kávé
t_m_ idő a e i = spagetti
fl__ r liszt a = só
w t r = víz i = tej
gl_ss üveg (anyag) w_ _th_r = időjárás
h s w rk = házimunka 0 = hó
Főnevek többes száma
Q Értelemszerűen csak a megszámlálható főnevek használhatók töb

bes számban.
1. A többes szám jele:-s

books, chairs, lamps
sziszegő hangok (s, eh, x, sh) után: -es
churches, buses, boxes, bushes
2. Helyesírási tudnivalók:
a) mássalhangzót követő szóvégi y -> ie
family —» families
country -» countries
O boys (mivel az -y magánhangzó után áll)
b) -fe és -f végződés -> -ve lesz a legismertebb szavakban

wife -> wives
shelf -> shelves
Q roofs, chiefs
24
Nouns - Főnevek
0
c) az -o végű főnevek egy részénél a többes szám jele -es
potato -> potatoes
tomato —> tomatoes
O radios, photos, pianos
3. Különleges esetek:
a) rendhagyó többes számú főnevek
man —> men
woman women
összetett alakban is :
Englishmen, policewomen
child —> children
foot -» feet
tooth -> íeeíő
mouse (egér) —> m/'ce
goose (liba) —> geese
b) csak többes számú alakja van

people (emberek)
c) alakjukat tekintve többes számúnak tűnnek, de valójában nem

megszámlálható főnevek
news, Maths, Physics, customs (vám)
This news was on TV. - Ez a hír volt a tévében.
d) a páros testrészeken hordott ruhadarabokat vagy a két részből

álló dolgot jelölő főneveket többes számú alakban használjuk
jeans (farmernadrág), socks (zokni), glasses (szemüveg)
scissors (olló), lungs (tüdő), scales (mérleg)
25
Nouns - Főnevek
e) néhány főnévnek megegyezik az egyes és többes számú alakja

fish —» fish (hal)
sheep —> sheep (birka)
crossroads -> crossroads (útkereszteződés)
series -> series (sorozat)
2 Adja meg a következő főnevek többes számú alakját!

Give the plural forms of the following nouns.
box ........ tomato ...

window .. kiss ........
pen ........ lorry.......
e a r ......... sandwich
ke y......... life .........
bag ........ bridge....
piano ..... knee ......
leaf ........ lady .......
father .... watch ....
face ....... tooth .....
knife ...... bookshelf
cherry .... e g g ........
dictionary holiday ...
peach ..... slice .......
housewife tra y ........
Nouns - Főnevek
Használja a zárójelben lévő szavakat egyes vagy többes

3 számban!
Use the words in brackets in the right form: singular or
plural.
1. After dinner I always wash the (dish).........................................

2. He went to the zoo to have a look at the three new-born (monkey)
3. If you want to have all these (book).......................in this (room)

.................... . you need to get another (bookshelf)......................
4. A mouse has sharp (tooth) ........................................ and it likes
(cheese).........................................
5. The airline lost all my (luggage).........................................
6. We want to change the (furniture)....................................... in the
living-room.
7. We had several rainy (day)............................... during our holiday.
8. Every morning she eats fried (e g g ).........................................for
breakfast.
9. Your house needs painting and a change of (wallpaper)
10.We have a lot of (letter) ......................................... to write this

afternoon.
11. David has got black (hair)..................................... and dark brown
(eye).........................................
12.This part of the country has some (snow).......................................
in the winter (month).........................................
13. We had (meat)..................and (vegetable).................. for dinner.
14. If you go on this trip, you will see beautiful (mountain)................
and (lake)..........................
1 5. Would you like some (lemon)..................................... in your tea?
27
Nouns - Főnevek
Használja az is/are vagy a do/does segédigéket a következő

4 mondatokban!
Complete the sentences with the right auxiliaries: is/are or
do/does.
1................. there any news from Fiona?

2. I think your hair............. too long for summer.
3. Your new trousers............. not go with this blouse.
4. Th is............. very good advice, thank you.
5. Where............. your parents live?
6. Japanese............. very difficult to learn.
7. All her furniture............. second-hand.
8. There............. too much salt in this soup.
9. Many people say that no news............. good news.
10. Do you know where my glasses............. ?
11.1 think those shoes............really ugly.
12. Most policemen in England............. not carry guns.
13. All the fish in my fish tan k............. black.
14. Our meeting............. not end until 5 o'clock.
15. The giraffe........... the tallest animal in the world.
16. The cheese I've just bought........... really delicious. Try it.
17. Don't go out without your boots on. The snow ............. very deep.
18...............your luggage still in your room?
19. Physics............. not his favourite subject.
20. Kitchen scales............. used for weighing food .
Q Nem megszámlálható főnevek mennyiségét megadhatjuk a szó

jellegének megfelelő megszámlálható főnévvel birtokos szerkezetet
alkotva.
28
Nouns - Főnevek
Q a glass of water - egy pohár viz

three slices of bread - három szelet kenyér
a piece of information - egy információ
Egészítse ki a kifejezéseket a megadott szavakkal, a magyar

jelentésnek megfelelően! Egy szó felesleges.
Using the words given complete the phrases according to
the meaning in Hungarian. There is an extra word that you
won't need.
glass a carton 100 grams

bar a jar a slice
bottle a loaf a piece
spoonful an item a box
pound a packet a bag
cup
1 ................................... of chocolate (egy doboz csokoládé)

2 ..........................................of coke (egy pohár kóla)
3 ..........................................of flour (egy zacskó liszt)
4 ......................................... of milk (egy doboz tej)
5 ......................................... of meat (egy fél kiló hús)
6 ......................................... of cheese (10 dkg sajt)
7 ............................. ........... of coffee (egy csésze kávé)
8 ......................................... of strawberry jam (egy üveg eperlekvár)
9 ......................................... of chocolate cake (egy szelet csokitorta)
10 ....................................... of red wine (egy üveg vörösbor)
11 ....................................... of paper (egy darab papír)
12 ....................................... of sugar (egy kanál cukor)
13 ....................................... of bread (egy vekni kenyér)
29
Nouns - Főnevek
14 ....................................... of tea (egy csomag tea)

15 ....................................... of news (egy hír)
Használja a zárójelben lévő szavakat a megfelelő alakban:

6 egyes vagy többes számban!
Use the words in brackets in the right form: singular or
plural.
1. We aren't going to eat (soup).................... . so you don't have to

put (spoon).............. just (fork)...............and (knife)...................
on the table.
2. It is now forbidden to feed the (pigeon) ............................. in
Trafalgar Square.
3. (window)............................ are made of (glass)............................
4. From my window I can see a lot of (tree) .............................and
(bush)..............................
5. Ron was so thirsty after training that he drank two (glass)
............................ of water.
6. Our English teacher always gives us a lot of (homework)...............
7. Steve overcooked the (meat)............................ . so it was burnt in
(place)..............................
8. Sally speaks four (language)..............................
9. Everyone thanked the (fireman)............................ for their heroic
(work)..............................
10.1 found most of the Maths (question)................... very difficult.
11. Evelyn's mind is full of all (kind) ............................ of unusual
(thought)..............................
12. We always have a lot of (fun)........................ when we go out on
Friday night.
13. How much more (money) ............................ would you need to
complete your university (study)............................ ?
30
Nouns - Főnevek
14.0neof the most unusual (game)............................ of football took

place on Christmas Day during the First World War.
15. Most (soldier) .............................. suffered terribly in the First
World War.
16. During the 1960s and 70s (hippy)............................ had strong
(idea)............................ on how the world should be.
17. Fleet Street in London used to be the place where they published
all the daily (newspaper)..............................
18. The (tyre)........................ of a car must be kept in good (condition)
19. Close the window before you turn on the light because we'll have
a lot of (mosquito)............................ in here.
20.1 feel cold. Can you put some more (w ood)................... on the
log fire?
Főnevek neme
1. Az angol nyelvben a tárgyakat és fogalmakat jelölő főnevek

semleges neműek.
Q This is our house. It was built 9 years ago.
2. Élőlényeket jelölő főnevek esetén a kisgyerekekre utaló szavak

(baby, child) és az állatok megnevezése semleges neműnek számít,
kivéve, ha tudjuk a gyerek vagy állat nemét.
B Look at that kitten in the window. Isn't it lovely?
I got a kitten for my birthday. His name is Simon.
3. Egyéb esetekben a főnév jelentése utal arra, milyen nemű az

élőlény, amelyet jelöl.
B man - woman
uncle - aunt
31
Nouns - Főnevek
>
Hímnemű élőlényeket jelölő főnévből képzővel alkothatunk nőnemű

alakot.
Q waiter -> waitress
host —> hostess
7 Adja meg a szavak ellentétes nemű párját!

Give the opposite gender.
1. landlord ..................................
2. queen .....................................
3. bull .........................................
4. son .........................................
5. grandm a.................................
6. nephew ..................................
7. stewardess.............................
8. duchess ...:.............................
9. boy .........................................
10. bride.....................................
11.fiancé .....................................
12.widow ....................................
13. hero......................................
14. brother-in-law .....................
32
Adjectives - Melléknevek
3. Adjectives - Melléknevek
Q A melléknevek az angol nyelvben is jelzőként vagy az állítmány
névszói részeként használatosak csakúgy, minta magyarban.
Q Sheila is a beautiful girl. - Sheila szép lány.
This car is fast. - Ez az autó gyors.
Q A melléknevet nem ragozzuk, még az állítmány névszói részeként

sem kapja meg a többes szám jelét.
G These boys are very lazy. - Ezek a fiúk nagyon lusták.
Egészítse ki a mondatokat az odaillő melléknévvel! Válasszon

a megadott listából! Egy szó felesleges.
Complete the sentences with an appropriate adjective from
the list. There is an extra word.
black blond blue

cold easy expensive
favourite Italian new
nice poor popular
serious smart strong
tidy yellow
1 . There're............................ clouds in the sky. It's going to rain soon.

2. It's a really............................ day today. Let's have a picnic.
3. Jack has g o t............................ eyes a n d ..............................hair.
4. I love...........................food.
5. They stayed at a very............................ hotel. It cost them a lot.
6. Jane has got a .................... problem. She needs to talk to her mum.
7. ............................ John! He's failed his exam.
8. This soup is to o .............................. I can't eat it.
9. His girlfriend loves............................ roses.
33
A djectives - M elléknevek
10. John's............................ subject is History.

11. Her room is always very.............................. She cleans it regularly.
12. He's a hotel manager. He always has to wear.....................clothes.
13. Joe is a very..........................person. Everybody likes him.
14. This is a very..........................exercise.
15. This coffee is to o ............................Can I have some milk in it?
Q Ha egy főnévre több jelző is vonatkozik, a következő elveket

követjük:
1. A véleményt közlő melléknév (beautiful, intelligent, etc.) mindig

megelőzi a tényközlőt (old, wooden , blue, etc.).
e a nice old lamp
2. Ha tényközlő melléknévből van több, hagyatkozzunk bátran a

magyar nyelvérzékére!
Q an old little village
They gave her a sweet little black puppy.
Az alábbi mondatok szavait összekevertük. A szóalakok

változtatása nélkül állítsa őket megfelelő sorrendbe, hogy
megkapja a mondatokat!
The words of the following sentences have been jumbled.
Form the correct sentences without changing the form of the
words.
Q is / car / this I a I nice

This is a nice car.
34
Adjectives - M elléknevek
B
1. parents / music / my / like / loud / don't
2. has/brow n/got/M ary/eyes/big
3. very / orange juice / this / expensive / was
4. girl / is/slim / Jane/ tall / a
5. door / at / tall / there's / a / man / young / the
6. a/ bought/little/yesterday/I / red / nice/car
7. She's/ long / hair/got/beautiful
8. house / street / our / in / is / new/ narrow/ a / short
9. cold/they/from /fruit/drinks/m ake / fresh
10. like / an / elegant / blouse/ silk / to / have / I'd / green / light
3 Adja meg a következő melléknevek ellentétes jelentésű

párját!
Give the opposites of the following adjectives.
1. light (colour) 11. ugly ........

2. rich ............. 12. interesting
3. heavy ......... 13. black.......
4. loud ............ 14. big ..........
5. long ............ 15. tall ..........
35
6. cold .................... ................... 16. slo w ....

7. g o o d ................... ................... 17. young ..
8. easy .................... ................... 18. new ....
9. early ................... ................... 19. cheap ..
10.sa d ...................... ................... 20. fa r .......
A melléknevek fokozása
1. Toldalékkal fokozzuk az egy szótagú mellékneveket és a két

szótagúak egy részét.
középfokjele: -er
felsőfokjele: -est
Q tall - taller - the tallest
narrow - narrower - the narrowest
2. A több szótagú mellékneveket összetetten fokozzuk,

középfok: more + alapfokú melléknév
felsőfok: the most + alapfokú melléknév
Q more beautiful - the most beautiful
more famous - the most famous
3. A toldalékos alakok helyesírása:

a) az egy szótagú, rövid magánhangzót tartalmazó, egy mással
hangzóra végződő szavak esetén a szóvégi mássalhangzó
megkettőződik
Q thin - thinner - the thinnest
hot - hotter - the hottest
b) a mássalhangzó után álló y -» i

Q happy - happier - the happiest
easy - easier - the easiest
c) a szóvégi -e kiesik
Q nice - nicer - the nicest
simple - simpler - the simplest
4. Rendhagyó alakok:
alapfok középfok felsőfok

good better the best
well (határozószó) better the best
bad worse the worst
many/much more the most
little less the least
far farther the farthest
(távolság jelölésére)
far further the furthest
(távolság és idő jelölésére is, „tovább" jelentésben)
Q / can't walk any farther/further. - Nem tudok tovább gyalogolni.
He left without further explanation. - Minden további
magyarázat nélkül távozott.
old older the oldest
elder the eldest
(rokonsági kapcsolatok jelölésére)
O This is my elder brother, Peter. - Ő a bátyám, Péter.
Adja meg a melléknevek közép- és felsőfokú alakját!

4 Give the comparative and superlative forms of the
adjectives.

1. strong ......................... ........................
2. tasty ........................ ........................
37
3. brave
4. brilliant
5. clever
6. good
7. funny
8. exciting
9. clean
10. popular
Egészítse ki a táblázatot a hiányzó alakokkal!

Fill in the chart with the missing forms.

1 .......................... quieter ....................
2 ......................... ........................ the prettiest
3 ......................... fewer ....................
4 ......................... less ....................
5. safe ........................ ....................
6 ......................... ........................ the heaviest
7 ......................... ........ ............... the worst
8. successful ........................ ....................
9 ......................... ........................ the slimmest
10 ....................... wider ....................
11. serious ........................ ....................
12.......................... more crowded ....................
13.hard ........................ ....................
14.......................... drier ....................
15. polite ........................ ....................
38
Adjectives - Melléknevek
b____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Összehasonlítás kifejezése
1. Alapfok
kötőszavai: as ...as
Q She is as tall as her friend. - Olyan magas, mint a barátja.
tagadásban: not so ... as

not as ... as
Q She isn't as thin as me. / She isn't so thin as me. - Nem olyan
vékony, mint én.
2. Középfok
kötőszava : than
Q She's taller than her husband. - Magasabb, mint a férje.
O A hasonlító kötőszó után vagy csak főnév, ill. névmás vagy mellék-
mondat áll. Ha a személyes névmás önmagában áll, tárgyesetbe
kerül.
Q I'm not as tall as her. / I'm not as tall as she is. - Nem vagyok olyan
magas, mint ő.
She's taller than me. / She's taller than I am. - Magasabb, mint én.
3. Felsőfok
th e .......-est of/in
the m ost.... of/in
Q She's the tallest o f them. - Ő a legmagasabb közülük.
She's the funniest girl in the class. - Ő a legviccesebb lány az
osztályban.
4. „minél ... annál" kifejezése

the + középfok .... the + középfok
39
Q The more you eat the fatter you will be. - Minél többet eszel,
annál kövérebb leszel.
5. fokozatos változás kifejezése („egyre inkább")

középfok + and + középfok
Q The weather is getting colder and colder. - Egyre hidegebb lesz az
idő.
6. „sokkal több", „sokkal szebb", stb.

much + középfok
Q She looks much younger than she actually is. - Sokkal fiatalabbnak
néz ki, mint amilyen valójában.
Q Nyomatékosításra középfokú melléknevek előtt a következő szavak

használhatók még: a bit, a lot, a little, far.
Q This car is far more expensive than we can afford. - Ez az autó
sokkal drágább, mint amit megengedhetünk magunknak.
This exercise is a bit more difficult than the others. - Ez a feladat
egy kicsit nehezebb, mint a többi.
6 Egészítse ki a mondatokat egy szóval!

Complete the sentences with one word.
1. This book i s ............ ............... interesting than the one we had to

read last year.
2. Mary i s ............................ so tall as her husband.
3. She spends m uch............................ money than she could afford.
4. This i s ............................ funniest story I've ever heard.
5. This house............................ bigger than it looks from the outside.
6. Chris isn't as bright............................ his sister.
Adjectives - M elléknevek £
7. If you need.................... information, write to the following address.

8. The higher you climb in the mountains............................ harder it
is to breathe.
9. It's autumn now. The days are getting shorter........................ shorter.
10. This chair i s ..........................comfortable than that one.
11. Ben writes badly, but not a s .........................as his brother.
12. David is so slow. I can ru n ............................ than he can.
13. This beach is cleaner because it i s ..........................from the city.
14. My bag cost £25, your bag cost £20, so my bag was a bit more
............................ than yours.
15. The more you forget th e......................knowledge you will have.
Q A melléknevekhez hasonlóan képezzük a határozószók közép- ill.

felsőfokú alakját.
Hasonlító mondatokban is ugyanúgy használhatók,
quickly - more quickly - the most quickly
Q She can play the guitar more beautifully than anybody else in the
group. - Szebben tud gitározni, mint bárki más a csoportban.
7 A megadott információ és a zárójelben megadott mellék

nevek felhasználásával alkosson hasonlító mondatokat!
Using the information and the adjectives given in brackets
make comparative sentences.
Q Laura's pocket money is £5 a week

David's pocket money is £8 a week (much)
David gets more pocket money a week than Laura.
41
1. Ben Nevis in Scotland: 1343 m

Snowdon in Wales: 1085 m (high)
2. Glasgow: 900mm of rain a year

London: 550 mm of rain a year (wet)
3. In Scotland: 5,1 million people

In Wales: 2,9 million people (many)
4. The summer holiday in Hungarian schools: 10 weeks

In British schools: 6 weeks (short)
5. The Sun: 3,5 million people read it

The Financial Times: 0,5 million people read it (few)
6. Robbie Williams was born in 1974

Julia Roberts was born in 1967 (old)
7. An Opel can go at 230 kph

A Ferrari can go at 290 kph (fast)
8. I weigh 55 kilos
My brother weighs 70 kilos (heavy)
Fejezze be a megkezdett mondatokat úgy, hogy jelentésük

c 00
megegyezzen az eredeti mondatéval!

Complete the sentences in a way that they mean the same as
the original sentence.
42
1. Nobody gets as good marks as Joe does.

Joe .............................................................................................
2. Mary is a lot younger than her husband, Alex.
Alex ............................................................................................
3. We can't run as fast as Mike.
Mike can ...................................................................................
4. I didn't think this road was so long.
This road is ................................................................................
5. Football boots cost £10. Ski-boots cost £25.
Ski-boots are a lot .....................................................................
6. I find cycling less tiring than running.
I find running ............................................................................
7. Donét knows more about cars than anyone else in the family.
No one in the family know s......................................................
8. I preferred the organization of last year conference.
I think the conference last year was .......................................
9. I've never eaten such bad pizza.
This is the ..................................................................................
10. My watch isn't as expensive as the one you bought.
My watch is ..............................................................................
11. Life in the country is not as stressful as in the city.
Life in the city is ........................................................................
12.1 don't find this chocolate cake too tasty. I prefer the vanilla.
The vanilla cake is .....................................................................
less + melléknév
jelentése: „kevésbé"
Q less important - kevésbé fontos
less attractive - kevésbé vonzó
43
Felsőfokban: the least + melléknév-,,a legkevésbé"
e David was the least informed about the project. - Dávid volt a
legkevésbé tájékozott a tervet illetően.
9 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a mondatba illő melléknév

felsőfokú alakjával!
Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the
adjectives given.
ancient big bloody cheap

difficult intelligent high hot
long low mysterious pretty
successful
1. Chinese is one o f ...........................................languages to learn.

2. I bought...........................................dress in the shop.
3. Hamleys in London i s ................................toy shop in the world.
4. Mont Blanc i s ...........................................mountain in Europe.
5...............................................river of the world is the Nile.
6. Edith i s ...........................................student in the class.
7. As he didn't have much money to spend, he bought.....................
computer he could find.
8. Loch Ness is ...........................................place in Scotland, because
people say there is a monster in the lake.
9. Stonehenge is one o f ...........................................sights of Britain.
10. The Civil War has been........................... . war in the history of
the United States, causing the death of about 635.000 people.
11. Death Valley in California is ........................................... and
...........................................place in the United States.
12. The Beatles w ere..........................group Britain has ever had.
44
Q Melléknévi igenevek is használhatók melléknévi szerepben.
1. folyamatos melléknévi igenév - Present Participle:

az ige -ing végű alakja
Q a smiling girl - mosolygós lány
the rising sun - a felkelő nap
2. befejezett melléknévi igenév - Past Participle:

az ige 3. alakja
Q cooked meal - főtt étel
a well-known artist - jól ismert művész
Q Gyakran használjuk ugyanannak az igének folyamatos és befejezett

melléknévi alakját jelzőként. A folyamatos melléknévi igenév
cselekvő, míg a befejezett melléknévi igenév szenvedő jelentést
hordoz.
Q The film was boring. - A film unalmas volt.
I was bored during the film - Unatkoztam.
This job is tiring. It makes me tired. - A munka fárasztó. Fáraszt
(fáradttá tesz).
Használja a megadott igék folyamatos vagy befejezett

melléknévi igenévi alakját az alábbi mondatokban!
Ügyeljen a helyesírásra!
Give the appropriate Present or Past Participle form of
the verbs in brackets. Pay attention to spelling.
1. Stop it. I'm not (interest).......................... in what you are saying.

2. My parents were very (disappoint) ................................. when I
failed my last exam.
45
3. Were you (worry).................................when you didn't hear from

your son for a week?
4. He has the (annoy).......................... habit of biting his fingernails.
5. Rafting in Austria was the most (excite) ..................................
experience I've ever had.
6. Have you been working long? You look (exhaust)..........................
7. His explanation was so (tire).................................that after a while
I couldn't concentrate.
8. My new job looks very (promise)...................................
9. Everybody was (surprise).................................when they decided
to get married.
10.1 didn't like that book. The story is far too (complicate).................
and I was rather (confuse)......................... at the end.
11 .Our teacher was rather (annoy)............................... when most
of us didn't do the homework.
12. My cousin has a (charm)......................little daughter.
13. I'm afraid that I'm not very (satisfy)......................with your work.
14. The children were not too (impress) ........................... by the
garden of our new house.
46
A dverbs - H atáro zó k
4. Adverbs - Határozók
Q Határozószót melléknévből és folyamatos melléknévi igenévből -ly
képzővel képezhetünk.
Q slow - slowly
brave - bravely
amusing - amusingly
1. Helyesírási tudnivalók:
a) szóvégi -y —> -i
happy - happily
b) -able és -ible végű melléknevekben a szóvégi -e kiesik

terrible - terribly
egyébként a szóvégi -e megmarad
nice - nicely
O true - truly
Q A következő szavak -ly végűek, de nem határozószók, hanem

melléknevek:
friendly - barátságos
lively - élénk
lonely- magányos
lovely - kedves, szeretetre méltó
silly - ostoba
ugly - csúnya
2. Kivételek:
a) teljesen más alakja van
good - well
47
A dverbs - H atározók
b) melléknévként és határozóként egyaránt használt szavak:

deep, early, far, fast, hard, high, late, low, near
a fast car - gyors autó
to run fast - gyorsan futni
a hard job - nehéz munka
to work hard - keményen dolgozni
an early train - korai vonat
to arrive early - korán érkezni
a high mountain - magas hegy
to climb high - magasra mászni
c) a hard, late, near, deep mellékneveknek van -ly képzős alakja,

de jelentése eltérő
hard - kemény, keményen hardly - alig
late - késői, későn lately - mostanában
near - közeli, közel nearly - majdnem
deep - mély, mélyen deeply - mélységesen
(érzelmileg)
Q She was deeply hurt. - Mélységesen megbántódott.
Q Körülírással is képezhetünk határozót (különösen olyan mellék

nevekkel, melyekhez nem adhatjuk a -ly képzőt).
in a friendly manner - barátságosan

in a silly way - ostobán, ostoba módon
Képezzen határozót az alábbi melléknevekből!

Make adverbs from the following adjectives.
1. beautiful 9. heavy
2. angry .... 10. fast ..
A dverb s - H atáro zó k
3. strange .... 11. logical ....

4. careless.... 12. horrible..
5. direct ....... 13. curious ...
6. continuous 14. sw eet....
7. lively ........ 15. complete
8. glad ........ .
Fejezze be a mondatot a melléknévből képzett határozóval!

2 Complete the sentences with the right adverb.
Q She has a beautiful voice. She can sing beautifully.
1. Our doorbell makes a loud noise. It rings.......................................

2. John is a hard-working person. He always works...........................
3. It was a very bad match. Our team played......................................
4. My cousin is always very quiet. Even if she speaks, she speaks very
5. Her English is not as good as her French. She speaks French very
6. Mother was angry with my little brother. She shouted at him
7. Peter had serious injuries in the accident. He w as............................

injured.
8. My mum is a very careful driver. She drives ....................................
9. We took the early train, so we arrived really....................................
10. She is a very good tennis player. She plays tennis very
49
A dverb s - H atározók
3 Melléknév vagy határozószó? Adja meg a zárójelbe tett

melléknév mondatba illő alakját!
Adjective or adverb? Give the right form of the adjectives in
brackets.
1. Please be (quiet)..................................I'm trying to concentrate.

2. I'll go and get the doctor. My brother isn't very (good)...................
3. "Did you enjoy the party last night?" "Yes, it was (good)....................
4. The road is wet. Please drive more (slow).......................................
5. The window was open, so the robber could get into the house
(easy)..................................
6. John is a very lazy student. He (hard).................... studies anything.
7. I couldn't write down your name. Could you spell it more (slow)
................................, please?
8. Can you walk a bit more (quick)................................? We'll miss
the bus.
9. Lucky you! They'll pay you very (good)................................at your
new job.
10. Almost half of the village was (total)................................destroyed
in the flood.
11.1 understand some German but only if they speak it (clear)
12. She walked (nervous)............................... up and down the corridor

before the exam.
13. Was your mum (angry) ..............................with you when you
arrived home (late)................................?
14. He was very (nervous)................................and waited (impatient)
................................before the doctor came out of the maternity
ward with his newborn baby.
15. We didn't expect them to come. They arrived (unexpected)
50
16. Janet and James have been (happy)................................ married

for ten years.
17. Speak up a bit, please. I can (hard)................................hear you.
18. My friend wanted to surprise me. She made this cake (special)
....................... . for me.
19. They can't move into their new house this month. It's not
(complete)................................finished yet.
20. However (fast)..............................I ran, I couldn't catch the tram.
Q Gyakran használunk határozót melléknevek, melléknévi igenevek

vagy más határozók nyomatékosítására.
Q She's seriously ill. - Komoly beteg.
I'm terribly worried. - Borzasztóan aggódom.
The reception was organized extremely well. - A fogadást
borzasztó jól megszervezték.
Alkosson határozószókat a következő melléknevekből, és

4 egészítse ki a mondatokat!
Give the adverb form of the following adjectives and
complete the sentences.
careful early easy fast

fresh good healthy heavy
loud quiet
1. He eats very................................- lots of fruit and vegetables.

2. It was very nice of you that you came in s o ................................ last
night. You didn't wake me up.
51
3. We had a map and we could find the hotel very............................

4. Our history teacher talks very..................................It's difficult to
follow his explanations.
5. If you get u p ................................ enough, you'll have time to have
breakfast.
6. I called my cousin in France but the line was so bad that I had to
speak very..................................
7. It was snow ing................................all last night, so our car is in
the deep snow now.
8. This is a very busy road. You should drive very............................here.
9. You can g e t ................................ baked rolls in the bakery round
the corner.
10. Our children behaved themselves very................................so they
got some ice-cream.
□ A magyartól eltérően az érzékelést jelentő igék: seem, look, sound,

feel, taste, smell után nem határozót, hanem melléknevet
használunk.
Q to seem nice - kedvesnek tűnik
to sound interesting - érdekesen hangzik
to feel happy - boldognak érzi magát
to taste sweet - édes ízű
to smell good - jó illatú
to look good - jól néz ki
This tea tastes too sour. There's too much lemon in it. - Ez a tea
túl savanyú. Túl sok citrom van benne.
5 Melléknév vagy határozószó? Karikázza be a mondatba illő

alakot!
Adjective or adverb? Circle the correct form.
52
1. This apple tastes really good/well.

2. The weather was terrible/terribly all last week.
3. Yorkshire pudding isn't sweet/sweetly but it tastes salty/saltily.
4. Am I phoning at the wrong time? You sound very impatient/
impatiently.
5. "How did you feel after the race?" "I felt happier/more happily than
ever."
6. I can't remember anything. Everything happened so quick/quickly.
7. Tina looks smart/smartly in her new jacket.
8. Juan speaks English incredible/incredibly well.
9. Juan is fluent/fluently in English.
10. What's the matter? Why do you look so sad/sadly7
11 .You looked really angry/angrily when I saw you this morning. What
was the matter?
12.1 enjoy my job so much that I never feel tired/in a tired way after work.
13. These flowers not only look beautiful/beautifully but they also smell
nice/nicely.
14. Why does this soup taste sour/sourlyl Did you put vinegar in it?
15. My father looked at me angry/angrily when I said I didn't want to
do it.
A fokhatározó kifejezésének formái
1. very
a) A magyar „nagyon" jelentésű határozószó angol megfelelője
melléknevek, melléknévi igenevek és határozószók előtt.
Q very dark
very boring/bored
very slowly
53
b) igékre utalva ( az ige után állva) very much

Q / like pancakes very much. - Nagyon szeretem a palacsintát.
I need you very much. - Nagyon nagy szükségem van rád.
2. rather és quite
Mindkettő jelentése „meglehetősen, eléggé", de a rather negatív
értelemben használatos inkább.
Q It's rather cold. - Elég hideg van.
The book I've just read was quite good. - A könyv, amit most
olvastam, egész jó volt.
3. so és such
Mindkettő jelentése: „olyan".
a) so - önállóan álló melléknevek és határozószók előtt áll
so + adjective/adverb
Q You are so clever. - Olyan okos vagy!
Mary can sing so beautifully. - Mary olyan szépen tud énekelni.
We arrived at the hotel so late that the restaurant was closed.
- Olyan későn érkeztünk meg a szállodába, hogy már zárva volt
az étterem.
b) such - főnevek, illetve jelzős főnevek előtt áll. Ha a főnév

megszámlálható és egyes számban áll, a határozatlan
névelőt is ki kell tenni.
such + (a/an) + noun

Q You are such an idiot. - Olyan ostoba vagy!
such + (a/an) + adjective + noun

Q You are such a clever girl. - Olyan okos kislány vagy!
They are such old books that they are worth a fortune. -
Ezek olyan régi könyvek, hogy egy vagyont érnek.
Adverbs - H atáro zó k
l/l/e had such bad weather in May that we had to have the
heating on. - Olyan rossz idő volt májusban, hogy fűtenünk
kellett.
O So many/much
Such a lot of
Q There were so many people at the exhibition that we
couldn't see the paintings. / There were such a lot of people
that... - Olyan sokan voltak a kiállításon, hogy nem láttuk a
festményeket.
4. too és enough
a) too + melléknév/határozószó = túlságosan, túl ...
G too expensive - túl drága
too late - túl későn
This coffee is too hot (to drink). - Ez a kávé túl forró (ahhoz,
hogy meg lehessen inni).
b) melléknév/határozószó + enough = elég ... , eléggé

G old enough - elég öreg
early enough - elég korán
This car isn't fast enough (to win the race). - Ez az autó nem
elég gyors (ahhoz, hogy megnyerje a versenyt).
c) enough + főnév = elég (valamiből)

G enough money - elég pénz
O A megszámlálható főnevek többes számba kerülnek az

„enough" után.
G enough books - elég könyv
Can you go to the shops? We don't have enough eggs at home.
- Elmen né I a boltba? Nincs itthon elég tojás.
55
I never have enough time to answer letters. - Soha nincs elég

időm arra, hogy levelekre válaszoljak.
6 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a too vagy az enough és a

zárójelben megadott szavak alkotta kifejezésekkel!
Complete the sentences using too or enough with the words
in brackets.
1. If you don't drive (carefully) ........................................... , you will

have an accident.
2. We haven't had (rain) ............................................. lately, so
everything is very dry.
3. These shoes are (expensive)..........................................., so I can't
afford to by them.
4. Mary doesn't have (experience)..........................................., so she
didn't get the job.
5. Nowadays there are (m any)....................................... students at
university lectures and there aren't (seats)..................................
6. I couldn't get (sleep)...........................................last night because
the neighbours were (noisy).............................................
7. I can't eat this soup. It's (salty).............................................
8. I'm not going to buy these shoes. They aren't (b ig).......................
9. Don't read in this room. It isn't (light)...........................................
in here.
10. Last night I couldn't wash my hair because there wasn't (hot water)
11.1 didn't get a 5 for my essay because there were (many)

mistakes in it.
12.1 don't think you'll pass your examination. You don't study (hard)
56
13. We didn't go in the sea. It was (cold).............................................

14. Peter is (young).......................................... to watch this film on his
own.
15. In Hungary you can rarely ski because we don't have (snow)
...........................................in the hills.
16.1play the lottery every week but I'm not (lucky)............................
to win.
17.1couldn't lift the parcel. It was (heavy).........................................
18.1live (close)...........................................to walk to my office.
7 So vagy such? Adja meg a mondatba illő szót! Ne feled

kezzen el a megfelelő névelőről (a/an), ahol szükséges!
So or such? Fill in the gaps with the right word. Don't forget
to use the article (a/an) where necessary.
1. I'm ............... hungry. I must have a bite.

2. Donét fell off his bike today. It w as............... bad fall that he broke
his arm.
3. These footballers p la y............... badly that almost nobody goes
to watch their matches.
4. You p u t............... much sugar in my coffee that I can't drink it.
5. They live in ............... big house that the members of the family
rarely meet.
6. The film w as...............bad that the audience left before it was over.
7. They were really sad because they g o t............... bad news.
8. The man w a s............... exhausted that he fell asleep on the bus.
9. It w a s................difficult question that nobody could answer it.
10. You are............. hardworking students. I'm very proud of you all.
11. Look at him. He looks..............gentleman in his suit.
57
12. Ben has g o t................short hair that he doesn't need a hairdryer

to dry it.
13. Thank you for your help. You gave m e ............. useful advice.
14. The traffic was ............. heavy to the airport that we almost
missed our plane.
15. It i s ................comfortable armchair that he often falls asleep in it
while watching television.
A megadott szavakból választva egészítse ki a mondatokat!

8 Fill in the gaps choosing from the words given.
enough quite rather very

1. Thank you for the meal. It w a s.................. tasty.
2. The ice on the lake isn't thick.................. to skate on it.
3. The rubbish bin was n o t.................full when he emptied it.
4. It's getting................. cold. You should put on your jacket.
enough quite so very

5. When she was living abroad she missed her family and friends
...............much.
6. Be careful with those scissors. They're................. sharp.
7. This T-shirt is not d ry ................. yet to put on.
8. This pencil i s ...............blunt! You can't write nicely with it.
enough quite rather too

9. This purse looks sm all................to fit in my pocket.
10. You a re ................right. I agree with you.
11 .They show ................. many advertisements on TV.
12.These advertisements a re................annoying.
rather quite so too

13. The speaker used ............. many technical terms, so very few
people understood him.
14. When he heard the good news, he w a s.................. happy that he
almost jumped in the air.
15. He had a .................. disappointing result at the test.
16. I've just heard.................. an interesting story.
enough quite rather such

17.1don't think you're o ld ................to get married.
18.1had to wait for the manager fo r ................a long time that I got
to the station late.
19. We h ad ...............miserable weather during our holiday.
20. My new colleague i s ..............intelligent.
enough so very
21. It w a s...............nice of him to give me a lift to the station.
22. We had a house-warming party last weekend.............. many
people came that we didn't have...............glasses.
A szavak helyes sorrendbe állításával alkosson mondatokat!

9 Make sentences arranging the words in the right order.
1. way / she / in / friendly / very / behave / didn't / a
2. room / the / enough / piano / there / in / living-room / isn't

/ for / a
3. when / home / late / was / quite / it / came / he
59
Adverbs - Határozók
Ö
____________________________________________________________________________
4. very / he / at / way / strange / me / looked / in / a
5. your / strong / coffee / is / enough ?
6. so/ view / was / beautiful / the/ from / mountain / the
7. John / me / such / birthday / nice / gave / a / present
8. have to/ hard / you / work / will / pass / exam / to / the
60
Prepositions - Elö ljáró szó k
5. Prepositions - Elöljárószók
Időkifejezés elöljárószókkal
1. at
Jelentése: „egy meghatározott időpontban".
Q at 7:30 - 7:30-kor
at midnight - éjfélkor
at noon - délben
at the moment - jelenleg, ebben a pillanatban
at the same time - egyszerre, ugyanakkor
at the age of 1 7 - 17 éves korban
O Kivételek (mert valójában időtartamot jelölnek):
at night - éjjel
at the weekend - hétvégén
at Christmas - karácsonykor
2. on
a) dátumok és napok előtt „ezen a napon" jelentésben
Q on 12 November - november 12-én
on Sunday - vasárnap
on Christmas Day - karácsony napján
b) ha a napszak neve előtt a hét egy napjának neve áll

Q on Saturday morning - szombat reggel
on Sunday afternoon - vasárnap délután
on Monday morning - hétfő reggel
on Tuesday night - kedd éjjel
We usually go out on Friday nights. - Péntek esténként el
szoktunk menni szórakozni.
61
Prepositions - Elöljárószók
3. in
a) Időtartam jelölésére hónapok, évek, évszakok előtt
Q in January - januárban
in 1999 - 1999-ben
in (the) summer - nyáron
in the 20th century - a XX. században
in the Middle Ages - a középkorban
b) napszakok neve előtt

Q in the morning - reggel
in the afternoon - délután
in the evening - este
O at night - éjjel
on Monday morning - hétfő reggel
c) időtartam megadásával „valamennyi időn belül" jelentésben

Q in a moment - egy percen belül
in an hour - egy órán belül
Dinner will be ready in five minutes. - A vacsora öt perc múlva
kész.
Egészítse ki a kifejezéseket a megfelelő elöljáróval!

1 Use the appropriate preposition.
1..................... November 5 11 .................night

2 ...................winter 12 ................ the coffee-break
3 ..................... a sunny day 13 ................ about 10 p.m.
4 .................. Easter 14 ................ my birthday
5 .................. Easter Monday 15 ................ Roman times
6 .................. 2006 16 ................ 6 o'clock
7..................... lunchtime 17 ................ New Year's Eve
8 ............ December 18 ................ Christmas Day

9 ...................the evening 19 ................ Christmas
10 .................the next day 20 ................ Friday afternoon
Nem használunk at/on/in elöljárószót
1. a next és last melléknevek előtt

B last night - tegnap éjjel
next Sunday - jövő vasárnap
last April - tavaly áprilisban
next year - jövőre
2. a tomorrow és yesterday határozószavak, illetve a velük alkotott

kifejezések előtt
B Nobody called you yesterday. - Tegnap senki nem hívott,
the day before yesterday - tegnapelőtt
the day after tomorrow - holnapután
Figyelje meg az alábbi kifejezéseket:

yesterday morning/afternoon/evening - tegnap reggel/délutánf
este
O last night - tegnap éjjel
tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening/night - holnap reggel/
délután/este/éjjel
Ugyanez a szabály vonatkozik a this/that mutató névmás után álló,

időt kifejező szavakra is.
B this morning - ma reggel
this week - ezen a héten
this Friday - e héten pénteken
63
2 Használja a mondatba illő elöljárót (atlon/in) ahol szükséges!

Use the appropriate preposition (at/onlin) where necessary.
1. Admiral Nelson was born in Norfolk, England,............. 1758.

2. Lovers send each other cards............. Valentine's Day.
3. In Hungary you can vote............. the age of 18.
4. We have six difficult lessons............. Monday.
5. He lost his job because he refused to w ork............. the weekend.
6. St. Paul's Cathedral in London was built by Sir Christopher Wren
............. the 17th century.
7. David Beckham was born............. 2nd May, 1975.
8. "How old is Mrs Morén?" "I'm not sure. She must b e ........ her late
30s."
9. People of the "Beat Generation" were called hippies..............the
1960s and 70s.
10. President Day is celebrated............. the third Monday of February.
11. I'm sorry but Mr Davies is o u t............. the moment. Can I take a
message?
12.1 have to talk to you. Can we meet............. half an hour?
13. When they heard the fire alarm, they left the building ..............
once.
14. The school year begins........... 1st September and ends...............
June.
15. So let's meet again ............. Monday............... ten o'clock sharp.
16. We like going on bicycle rides............. Saturday afternoon.
17. The mountains are really beautiful........... autumn.
18. I'm going to get my driving licence............. two weeks.
19.1can't hear any of you if you all speak............. the same time.
20. If you are ready to w ork............. night, you'll get extra money.
64
B
3 Egészítse ki a mondatokat az at/on/in elöljárószóval és egy
kifejezéssel a felsoroltak közül!
Complete the sentences with a preposition (at/on/in) and one
of the words or phrases listed.
1789 9 o'clock Christmas morning July 4

Mother's Day midnight October 31 spring
spring
the 1600s the age of 3
1. In the USA they celebrate Independence D ay..................................

2. In the UK people usually start w ork.................................................
3. On December 31 we drink champagne..........................................
to celebrate the New Year.
4. Tiger Woods, the famous American golfer learnt to play golf
5. Kirkpatrick Macmillan made the first bicycle in the world
6. Most children never forget to give some flowers to their mothers
7. Although Halloween,......................................... . is not an official

holiday, it's a special day for children in the USA.
8. New England was settled .......................................... by Puritans
from England.
9. In England people open their Christmas presents..............................
10.1 like it when everything gets green...............................................
Időkifejezés egyéb elöljárószókkal
1. from ... to és from ... till/until - „ettől eddig" jelentésben

Q from 9 to 12 - 9-tol 12-ig
from June to September - júniustól szeptemberig
65
from morning till night - reggeltől estig

from 1914 until 1918 - 1914-től 1918-ig
2. until/till - ...... ,,-ig" jelentésben

Q until the end of the year - év végéig
I'll wait here until your class is over. - Itt várok, míg véget ér az
órád.
3. by - valamilyen időpontra
Q by Sunday - vasárnapra
by then /that time - akkorra
till Sunday by Sunday - vasárnapig <-> vasárnapra (a
jelentésbeli különbség ugyanaz, minta magyarban)
by the time (something happens) - amikorra (valami megtörténik)

Q By the time I get to the shop in the morning, there are no fresh
rolls. - Mire reggel odaérek a boltba, már nincs friss zsemle.
4. between - „között" jelentésben

Q between 7 and 8 o'clock - 7 és 8 óra között
5. since + időpont - ... óta

Q since 1999 - 1999 óta
since Friday - péntek óta
since 5 o'clock - 5 óra óta
since you last phoned - mióta utoljára telefonáltál
O Ezekkel az időhatározós kifejezésekkel az ige mindig befejezett

jelen időben (Present Perfect Tense) áll.
Q / have known my best friend since my first day at school. - A leg
jobb barátomat azóta ismerem, amióta először mentünk iskolába.
They have been married since last May. - Tavaly május óta házasok.
66
6. for + időtartam - ... ideje , ... ideig

Q for 5 days - öt napja
for a year - egy éve
O Az állítmány befejezett jelen időben (Present Perfect Tense) van, ha

a cselekvés még mindig tart.
Q / have known my best friend for 15 years. - 1 5 éve ismerem a
legjobb barátomat.
They've been married for ten months. - Tíz hónapja házasok.
Ha a múltban lezárult időtartamot jelölünk, az állítmány egyszerű

múlt időbe (Simple Past Tense) kerül.
Q / went to primary school for eight years. - Nyolc évig jártam
általános iskolába.
They lived in the country for five years before they moved to the
capital. - Öt évig éltek vidéken, mielőtt a fővárosba költöztek.
7. before - előtt
after - után
Q before breakfast - reggeli előtt
after midnight - éjfél után
8. during + főnév/névmás - „alatt" jelentésben

Q It started to rain during the match. - A meccs alatt elkezdett esni
az eső.
O Ezt a jelentést a while + mellékmondat szerkezettel is kifejez
hetjük:
Q It started to rain while we were playing football.
9. ago - „mennyi idővel ezelőtt" jelentésben

Nem elöljáró, hanem névutó, tehát a szó után áll.
67
Q a minute ago - egy perce (egy perccel ezelőtt)

ages ago - évekkel ezelőtt
20 years ago - húsz évvel ezelőtt
Egészítsd ki a mondatokat a megfelelő elöljárószóval (ill.

4 névutóval) vagy a while kötőszóval!
O Complete the sentences with the right prepositions or the
word while.
1. He wants to be a good swimmer. He sw im s............6 ..............10

every morning.
2. I couldn't fall asleep........... the lights were on.
3. I haven't seen them ............ the last week of August.
4. My cousin hurt her ankle............ the game last week.
5. I saw Mary in the café ten minutes..............
6. You had a phone c a ll............you were out.
7. We did a lot of exciting things............our holiday.
8. Can you peel the potatoes............ I chop the onions?
9. Little Jerry was so tired............ training that he fell asleep.............
dinner.
10. She hasn't talked to m e ..........we last had an argument.
11. "I need my car on Friday." "Don't worry, it'll be ready ..........
then."
12. Were you talking about m e ..........I was in the other room?
13. You are supposed to be quiet..........the headmaster's speech.
14. Don't speak.......... your teacher is speaking.
15.There was no electricity............two hours this morning.
Helyhatározó kifejezése elöljárószóval
1. at - egy meghatározott pontban

Q at the door - az ajtóban
at the bus stop - a buszmegállóban
at the airport - a repülőtéren
at the beginning/end of the street - az utca elején/végén
at the bottom/top of the page - a lap alján/tetején
Q Jegyezze meg az alábbi kifejezéseket:

at home - otthon
at work - munkahelyen / a munkahelyén
at school - iskolában
at university - egyetemen
at - egy eseményen, egy bizonyos helyen, valakinél

Q at a party - egy partin
at a concert - egy koncerten
at the hairdresser's - a fodrásznál
at the doctor's - az orvosnál
2. in - valamiben benne, valahol bent

Q in the building - az épületben
in the classroom - az osztályteremben
in a village/town/country - egy faluban/városban/országban
in my pocket - a zsebemben
in the second row - a második sorban
in the mountains - a hegyekben
O Jegyezze meg:
in the picture - a képen
in the sun - a napon
in the sky - az égen
69
A fentiekből következik:
arrive at - egy meghatározott pontra vagy eseményre érkezik
63 arrive at school
What time did you arrive at the station? - Hánykor érkeztél az
állomásra?
arrive in - egy országba, városba érkezni

Q After a very tiring journey they finally arrived in Malta. - Egy
nagyon fárasztó út után végre megérkeztek Máltára.
O arrive home - hazaérni
Szálloda, étterem, söröző esetén lehet in vagy at is:

63 We stayed at the hotel (in the hotel) you recommended. - Abban
a szállodában szálltunk meg, amit te ajánlottál.
3. on - valamin rajta
Q on the floor - a padlón
on my shoulders - a vállamon
on the blackboard - a táblán
kifejezésekben:
on the left/right - balra/jobbra
on the coast - a tengerparton
on the river - a folyó (két) partján
on the way (to ...) - útban (valahová)
on a farm - egy farmon
on a bus/train/plane/boat - buszon/vonaton/repülőn/hajón
8 in a car - autóban
70
Prepositions - Elö ljáró szó k £
Egészítsd ki a mondatokat a megfelelő elöljárószóval, ahol

szükséges!
Complete the sentences with the right prepositions where
necessary.
I. We've lived............this street............. only two years.

2................summer 2004, that is two years............. . she also worked
as a baby-sitter............England.
3. Before going to France, she lived............Austria............. 2 years.
4. When do you usually arrive............home from school?
5. What time did they com e............yesterday evening?
6. The oldest tree............the world is 2700 years old.
7. It can be found............Yosemite National Park............. the USA.
8. There are dark clouds............the sky.
9. Bournemouth is a big city............the south coast of England.
10. She grew u p ............ a farm somewhere............. the south.
I I . Who were you waiting f o r ..........the station when I saw you
............ last night?
12. They live..........the third flo o r............. a huge block of flats.
13. Not many people live............the City of London.
14. Around 300,000 people arrive............ the City to w o rk..............
the week, but only 5,000 people remain............night an d .............
weekends.
15. The best time to go there i s ..........the w eek..............9 ..............
the morning and 5 ............the evening.
16. We went to a concert............the Royal Albert Hall.
17.............. the year 2000, Americans spent $110 billion ............
restaurants like McDonald's, Burger King and Wendy's.
18. One of the most unusual games of football..........history took
place............Christmas D ay............. the First World War.
71
19. A group of English people left England............September 6,1620

............ the ship "The Mayflower" and 65 days later they arrived
.................. the New World and settled ............... Plymoth,
Massachusetts.
20. His father grew u p ............the country.
21.1w a s............ school............. the same time that you were there.
22.1tried to g e t............the bus but it was full.
23. Go down this street and the Irish pub i s .......... the end of the
street............your right.
24. Can you sign i t ............the bottom of the page?
25. Szeged i s ............the river Tisza.
26..............the way to the airport we saw an accident.
27. They got married..........a little village a month................
28. W hat's............your hand?
29. Their plane lands..........Heathrow Airport.
30. I'm going to see h im ............hospital..............this afternoon.
További gyakori elöljárószók helyhatározó kifejezésére
in front of - előtt
Q The teacher is standing in front o f the children. - A tanár a
gyerekek előtt áll.
behind - mögött
Q The blackboard is behind the teacher. - A tábla a tanár mögött van.
next to - mellett
Q / sit next to John in class. - John mellett ülök órán.
72
0
opposite - szemben
Q Put the chair opposite the window. - Tedd a széket az ablakkal
szembe!
under - alatt
Q / keep the waste paper basket under the desk. - A papírkosarat az
íróasztal alatt tartom.
bellow - alatt
Q In November the temperature at night often goes below zero. -
Novemberben a hőmérséklet gyakran megy 0 fok alá.
Q A bellow elöljárószó a függőlegeshez viszonyítva jelenti azt, hogy

alatt. Azt jelöli, hogy a síkban valami alacsonyabban vagy egy
skálán valami alatt van.
Q bellow a line - egy szint alatt
bellow the picture - a kép alatt
above - fölött
Q Above the bookcase there are some nice pictures on the wall. - A
könyvszekrény fölött van néhány szép kép a falon.
among - között
Q You can see wild animals among the trees. - Láthatsz vadállatokat
a fák között.
O A between elöljárószó is „között" jelentésben használatos, de azt

csak akkor használom, ha „két dolog között" van valami.
Q between John and Mary - John és Mary között
among a group of children - gyerekek között
73
Mozgás kifejezésére használatos további elöljárószók
over - fölött
63 They often fly over the city - Gyakran elrepülnek a város felett.
along - valami mentén, végig

Q We went for a walk along the river. - Sétáltunk a folyó mellett.
across - át, keresztül (rajta, a felszínén)

Q Go across the road then turn left. - Menj át az úton, majd fordulj
balra!
through - át, keresztül ( valamiben benne)

G You have to go through the park to get to the cinema. - Át kell
menned a parkon, hogy a mozihoz juss.
past - valami mellett elhaladva

G When you walk past the greengrocer's, the bus stop is right in
front of you. - Ha elmentél a zöldséges mellett, a buszmegállót
meglátod magad előtt.
round - körbe, valamit megkerülve

G They built a road to go round the city. - Építettek egy utat, mely
megkerüli a várost.
to/into - valahová, valamibe

G He is young. He has to go to school - Még fiatal. Iskolába kell járnia.
When she saw me, she went into the house. - Amikor meglátott,
bement a házba.
74
out of - ki valahonnan
Q Did the bear come out o f his cave on February 2nd? - Kijött a
medve a barlangjából február 2-án?
O Jegyezze meg az alábbi kifejezéseket:

put on the table - az asztalra tenni
take o ff the table - levenni az asztalról
get on the bus/tram/train - felszállni a buszra/villamosra/vonatra
get o ff the bus/tram/train - leszállni a buszról/villamosról/vonatról
get in a car - beszállni egy autóba
get out of a car - kiszállni egy autóból
go on foot - gyalog menni
go by car/bus/tram/airplane/bicycle etc. - „valamilyen járművel
menni"
Q Ha azonban az elöljárószó és a jármű neve közé bármilyen szó kerül,

a jármű jellegének megfelelő elöljárószót használjuk.
Q in my father's ca r- apukám kocsijával
on my new bicycle - az új biciklimmel
on the 7:30 train - a 7:30-as vonattal
Adja meg a mondatba illő elöljárószót vagy elöljárószókat!

ID a
Fill in the appropriate prepositions.
1. Don't ju m p ........ that tree. It's too high.

2. This is a digital camera. You don't need to put a film ........ it.
3. In volleyball you have to hit the b all.......... the net.
4. Take your hands.......................... your pocket when you are talking
to someone.
75
af Prepositions - Elöljárószók
5. Coming home........ the village fair we had to drive......... a narrow

road which w ent........ a forest.
6. You don't have to take the road........ the next village. You can walk
........ the fields.
7. When he heard some strange noise........... the middle of the night,
he h id ............ his bed and waited silently.
8. There are no parking places.............................our house. You have
to g o ........ the corner to park your car.
9. Did you g o ........ England..........plane o r ..........coach?
10. He was so hot that he jumped........ the water with his clothes on.
11. Blériot was the first person to fly ........ the English Channel in 1909.
12. Tower Bridge used to open up so that big ships could g o ...... it.
13. Who are you sitting........................at school?
14. The bakery i s ......the shoe shop and the florist's.
15. People say it is unlucky to w alk........ a ladder.
16. Everybody........ this line failed the exam.
17.1 left my keys........ home. I had to clim b.......... the house..........
the bathroom window.
18..........which station did that man g e t..........the train?
19. It takes 50 minutes to g e t...... Heathrow Airport..........the centre
of London.........underground.
20.1was walking ........ home when my father drove.......... me. He
stopped and told me to g e t........ the car.
21. Derek likes walking. He never ge ts........ the bus or tram. He goes
everywhere........ foot.
22. You can get to the swimming pool........ the No. 60 bus.
to és for: részeshatározó kifejezésére
Az angol nyelvben két tárgy van:
76
a) A Direct Object a magyar tárgynak felel meg (Mit?).
b) Az Indirect Object a magyarban a részeshatározó (Kinek/Minek a

részére?).
A személyes névmásoknak ezért nincs külön alakjuk a részes esetre.

Q Send him a postcard. - Küldj neki egy képeslapot/
Ha az Indirect Object megelőzi a Direct Objectet, (tehát a fenti

szórendben állnak: kinek mit), nincs semmi tennivaló, nincs szükség
elöljárószóra.
bringlgive/lend/send/showltake/tell somebody something
Q Send him a postcard.
Ha a Direct Object megelőzi az Indirect Objectet, (mit kinek a szórend),

az Indirect Object elöljárószóval áll. Az elöljáró leggyakrabban: to.
bringlgive/lend/send/show/take/tell something to somebody
Q Send a postcard to him. - Küldj neki egy képeslapot/
Would you give this parcel to your husband? - Átadná ezt a
csomagot a férjének?
O Ha a Direct Object személyes névmás (it/them), csak az utóbbi

szórend helyes.
Q Give it to Peter. - Add oda Péternek!
Show them to your teacher. - Mutasd meg azokat a tanárodnak!
Lend it to your friend. - Add kölcsön a barátodnak!
Q A következő igék esetében for elöljárószó áll az Indirect Object

előtt, ha azt megelőzi a Direct Object:
build, buy, find, get, keep, make, read, reserve, etc.
Q / bought this house for you. - Ezt a házat neked vettem.
He made a nice toy for his son. - Készített a fiának egy szép játékot.
77
O De az Indirect Object + Direct Object szórend esetén ezekben a

mondatokban sincs elöljárószó.
63 / bought my daughter this house.
He made his son a nice toy.
7 Egészítse ki a mondatokat az elöljárószók egyikével, ahol

szükséges!
Fill in the gaps with one of the prepositions where necessary.
1. As he didn't need two copies of the book, he gave one of them

............ me.
2. Who did you buy this beautiful bouquet of flowers............?
3. Would you show ............ me how to switch on the washing
machine?
4. The shop assistant chose some really pretty curtain material

............ me.
5. Can you read............ us the first paragraph, please?
6. The waiter brought two bottles of red w ine............the people at
the next table.
7. Can you pass the pepper............your mum?
8. Will you find another pair of these gloves............me, please?
9. Who sent this beautiful postcard............you?
10.The mother gave............her daughter some advice on hairstyle.
Pronouns - N évm ások
6. Pronouns - Névmások
Személyes névmások
Alany eset Tárgy és részes eset

Egyes szám 1.sz. / me
2. sz. you you
3. sz. he/she/it him/her/it
Többes szám 1. sz. we us
2. sz. you you
3. sz. they them
Q / was not there. - Nem voltam ott.

Peter didn't see me. - Péter nem látott engem.
My teacher gave me some extra homework. - A tanárom adott
nekem egy kis plusz feladatot.
Az it személyes névmás használata:

1. egyes számban álló tárgyak, fogalmak és állatok helyettesítésére
B Look at my turtle. It always sleeps under that stone. - Nézd a
teknősöm! Mindig az alatt a kő alatt alszik.
"How much is this CD?" - Mennyibe kerül ez a CD?
"It's 2500 Forints." - 2500 forint.
2. alanya a személytelen mondatoknak, melyekkel időt, távolságot,

időjárást stb. fejezünk ki vagy egy helyzetet jellemzőnk
B What time is it? - Mennyi az idő?
It's September 1st. - Szeptember 1-je van.
It's more than 160 km from here. - Több mint 160 km-re van innen.
It's raining. - Esik az eső.
It's easy to make pancakes. - Könnyű palacsintát sütni.
It's better to say nothing. - Jobb, ha nem mondasz semmit.
79
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a személyes névmás megfelelő

1 alakjával!
Fill in the gaps with the right pronoun.
1. If I see Mary tomorrow,........ will te ll..........to come and see you.

2. Your clothes are wet. I think you should take........ off.
3. These trainers only cost five pounds.......... were a bargain!
4. When the cake is ready, take........ out of the oven.
5. Excuse me, could........ tell me where the post office is?
6. Don't try to touch the cage of the lion.......... is very dangerous.
7. I bought so many books th at........ couldn't carry..........all.
8............has just started to rain.
9. Have........ done your homework, Wendy?
10. My family didn't go to the wedding because they didn't send......
an invitation.
There is / there are
Q A there is / there are szerkezettel határozatlan alany létezését

állítom. Azt fejezem ki, hogy valami van valahol.
Q There is a book on my desk. - Van egy könyv az íróasztalomon.

There are some children in the park. - Gyerekek vannak a parkban.
O Vesd össze:
It was stormy on August 20th. - Viharos volt az idő augusztus
20-án.
There was a storm on August 20th. - Augusztus 20-án vihar volt.
í
2 Használja a mondatba illő it is vagy there is alakot!
Give the appropriate form of it is or there is.
1 ...........is a very nice day today.

2 ................. is a man in front of the door of the house.
3. Tell me w hen.............. is good for you to talk about it.
4 ................is a pity that you can't come to my party.
5 .................is a very modern house.
6 ............... is a lovely garden behind their house.
7 ................. is nothing in the box.
8 ................. is nonsense.
9 ................. is a letter for you in the hall.
10 ..............is a bakery, not a supermarket.
Birtokos névmások
jelzői főnévi önálló

Egyes szám 1. sz. my mine
2. sz. your yours
3. sz. his/her/its his/hers/its
Többes szám 1. sz. our ours
2. sz. your yours
3. sz. their theirs
1. A jelzői birtokos névmások csak főnévvel együtt állnak.

Q This is my umbrella. - Ez az én ernyőm.
This umbrella is mine. - Ez az ernyő az enyém.
81
2. Egyes és többes számra egyaránt utalnak.

Q This is her child. - Ez az ő gyereke.
They are her children. - Az ő gyerekei.
This child is hers. - Ez a gyerek az övé.
These children are hers. - Ezek a gyerekek az övéi.
3. Kérdést a Whose? kérdőszóval teszünk fel mindkét alakra.

B Whose car is this? - Kinek a kocsija ez?
Whose is this car? - Kié ez az autó?
Q Figyelje meg az alábbi kifejezést:

a friend of mine - az egyik barátom
B Susan came to the party with a friend o f hers. - Susan az egyik
barátjával jött a partira.
3 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megfelelő (személyes vagy

birtokos) névmással!
Complete the sentences with the right pronoun.
1. If you lend m e ...............dictionary, I'll look up the new words.

2. Children must obey...............parents.
3. When I read,...............eyes hurt.
4. There's no need to shout. I can hear................
5.................. am looking for my trainers. Have you seen................ ?
6. There were mothers w ith ...............babies in the room.
7. It's a pity you didn't bring your camera w ith ..........
8. I know you don't like Sue. You don't have to talk to
9. Jill sent...............friend a postcard from Liverpool.
10. Jenny talked to the woman sitting next to on the train.
11. At last we moved into ...............own house.

12. Trees d rop............ leaves in the autumn.
13. You shouldn't say bad things about Chris. He is a cousin of
14. This key doesn't belong to us. It isn 't..............
1 5. "Are you wearing .............own dress or Jane's?" "It's
of course!"
O A melléknévi birtokos névmással használt own szó nyomatékosítja

a birtoklást.
Q my own room - a saját szobám
Gyakori kifejezések ezzel a szerkezettel:

on my own - egyedül
Mind your own business. - Törődj a magad dolgával!
Visszaható névmás
Egyes szám 1. sz. myself

2. sz. yourself
3. sz. himself/herself/itself
Többes szám 1. sz. ourselves
2. sz. yourselves
3. sz. themselves
1. Az ige tárgyaként ugyanúgy használjuk, mint a magyar nyelvben.

Q / washed myself before I left. - Megmosakodtam, mielőtt elin
dultam.
He looked at himself in the mirror. - Megnézte magát a tükörben.
83
2. Az alany nyomatékosítására is használjuk. Ilyenkor vagy a nyoma

tékosított szó után vagy a mondat végén áll.
Q He did it himself. / He himself did it. - Ő maga tette.
3. A by elöljárószóval összekapcsolva azt jelenti: „egyedül".

Q Lisa didn't ask for help. She did everything by herself. - Lisa nem
kért segítséget. Mindent egyedül csinált meg.
Használja a mondatba illő visszaható névmást!

4 Use the right reflexive pronoun.
1. Y o u .......................have to make that decision. Nobody can do it

for you.
2. You can go with them, but I ....................... want to stay at home
tonight.
3. As I'm an only child, my parents will live b y ....................... when I
go to live in Budapest.
4. Children, take care o f .........................
5. When everybody forgot about his birthday, Simon bought a
present fo r .........................
6. Every morning before leaving home she looks a t ....................... in
the mirror.
7. Did you enjoy.......................at the party, John?
8. Did you know that this painter didn't go to art school but he taught
....................... to paint.
9. I think you are very selfish children. You only think about................
10. If you want to be successful, you have to believe in .......................
Mutató névmás
közeire mutató távolra mutató

Egyes szám this that
Többes szám these those
A magyartól eltérően a mutató névmás után nem áll határozott névelő

a főnév előtt.
Q this book - e z a könyv
those boys - azok a fiúk
Használja a mondatba illő mutató névmást!

Use the right demonstrative pronoun.
1. I've jus found................pen in my bag. Isn't it yours?

2. Whose a re ................shoes out in the hall?
3. Who w a s................boy I saw you with yesterday evening?
4. Do you know ................people over there?
5. Pete,................is my friend, Christopher.
6. Look a t ................clouds in the sky. We're going to get some snow
soon.
7................... tables here are reserved for a group of 10 people.
8. Where did you put............... ugly-looking vase you got from Pete?
some - any - no
A megszámlálható főnevek többes számba kerülnek utánuk. Mivel a

nem megszámlálható főneveknek nincs többes száma, azok egyes
számban maradnak.
85
Q some friends
some wine
1. some használata
a) állító mondatban „egy kis, néhány, valamennyi" jelentéssel
Q / need some advice. - Szükségem van tanácsra.
There are some oranges on the table. - Van néhány narancs az
asztalon.
b) kérdő mondatban udvarias kérés és kínálás kifejezésére

G Can I have some bananas, please? - Kaphatok banánt?
Would you like some more orange juice? - Kérsz még na
rancslét?
2. any használata
a) kérdő mondatban
Q Are there any oranges on the table? - Van narancs az asztalon?
Do you need any money? - Szükséged van pénzre?
b) tagadó mondatokban
G There aren't any oranges on the table. - Nines narancs az
asztalon.
I don't need any money. - Nincs szükségem pénzre.
3. no használata
Állító alakú állítmány mellett tagadó értelemben.
G / need no money. - Nincs szükségem pénzre.
C
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a some, any vagy a no szavakkal!
6 Fill in the gaps with some, any or no.
1. My friend asked me fo r.............. advice but I didn't know what to

say.
2. There's.................school today, so you can stay in bed.
3. Would you like.................milk in your tea?
4. I have................. good news. Listen.
5. I left my camera at home, so I couldn't m ake................. photos.
6. Don't give Jenny................. milk, please. She's allergic to milk.
7. Everybody had to stand because there w ere................. chairs in
the hall.
8. If you want to make sponge cake, you'll need................. eggs, but
I'm afraid I haven't g o t...................
9. I'm sorry I can't help you. I have................. money at all.
10.The baby can't reach................. of his toys, and now he is crying.
11.1 have brought................fresh rolls for breakfast. Here you are.
12. We've never h a d ...............problem with our television set.
13. If you go on spending money like this, you will have hardly
................. left for the second half of the month.
14. Look Mother! Father has brought y o u ................. flowers.
15. There weren't................. teachers in the yard when this happened.
16. Give your baby brother................. tea, please. He's thirsty.
17. Shall I make y o u ................. scrambled eggs?
18.1 have................time to take my car to the garage. Can you do it
for me?
19. Don't open ................. of these bottles. Nobody likes sweet
champagne here.
20. We h a d ................. rain last night. The pavement is still wet.
87
o A hardly negatív jelentésű szó, utána any áll.

Q There was hardly any air in the room. - Alig volt levegő a
szobában.
Q A some/any/no előtaggal összetett szavakat is alkothatunk sze

mélyre, tárgyra vagy helyre utalva:
some/any/no + -one/-body-valaki, senki
some/any/no + thing - valami, semmi
some/any/no + where - valahol, sehol
Q / saw somebody entering your room. - Láttam, hogy valaki belép

a szobádba.
I didn't see anything. / / saw nothing. - Nem láttam semmit.
I have put my keys somewhere but now I can't find them. -
Valahová eltettem a kulcsaimat, és most nem találom őket.
Q Every előtaggal hasonlóképpen képezhetek összetett szavakat.
Q Everybody was happy to hear the news. - Mindenki örült a hírnek.
7 Helyettesítse az aláhúzott kifejezéseket a megadott

some/anylno előtagú szavakkal, és végezze el a szükséges
átalakításokat a mondatban!
Replace the underlined phrases with the given compounds
and make the necessary changes in the sentence.
1. I don't know a thing about this town. (nothing)
2. Where are all the people? (everybody)

r-------
Pronouns - Névmások ^ }
3. We looked at all the olaces to find the thermometer. (everywhere)
4. There was a man in our aarden. (somebody)
5. There are no interestina olaces to see here. (anything)
6. A person. I don't know who. has taken mv bicvcle. (somebody)
7. Not one student could answer the teacher's question (nobody)
8. All the thinas in this room belona to mv brother. (everything)
9. There is a stranae thina for vou on the table. (something)
10. Are vou aoina to anv places at the weekend? (anywhere)
8 Egészítse ki a mondatokat some/any/no előtagú szavakkal!

Complete the sentences with some/no/any +
one/body/thing/where compounds.
1. I haven't g o t..................................in my pocket.

2. Is there .................................. to see in this city?
3. Did you m eet..................................coming home from work?
4. There's............................. to eat at home, so I'll have to go shopping.
5. You won't be able to do it on your own. You'll need
............................ to help you.
6. "What are you planning to do at the weekend?" ".......................... "
7. I'm looking for my mobile phone. I can't find i t .............................
89
a
8. knew the name of the new student, so we
had to ask him.
9. Pete, sit down, please. I've got very
important to tell you.
10. Listen. I think there's downstairs. Shall I call
the police?
11.1 didn't have..................... to say, so I left them there.
12.1know I have left my purse .....................here, and now it's
gone.
every - all
1. Hasonló a jelentésük, mindkettő használható arra, hogy

emberekről vagy dolgokról általánosságban beszéljünk.
All után a főnév többes számba kerül, every után viszont egyes
számban áll.
Q Not all Englishmen are reserved. - Nem minden angol zárkózott.

Not every Englishman is reserved. - Nem minden angol zárkózott.
2. Használhatjuk őket arra, hogy egy csoport tagjaira utaljunk velük.

Ilyenkor az all határozott névelővel áll.
Q She has used all the eggs in the fridge. - Elhasználta az összes
tojást a hűtőből.
Every egg I cracked was bad. - Minden tojás, amit feltörtem, romlott
volt.
3. Az all jelentheti a következőt: the only thing - az egyetlen dolog.

Q A ll he's eaten today was a hamburger. - Ma még csak egy
hamburgert evett.
90
4. Egyes számban álló főnévvel az all jelentése: „egész".

Q / was at home all day. - Egész nap otthon voltam.
Használja a mondatba illő szót (every - all)\

9 Give the appropriate word (every - all).
1. I get up at 6 .................morning.
2. I was reading................. last night.
3.....................summer holiday he works for McDonald's for a month.
4. Last year she worked................. summer in order to earn enough
money to start her studies at university.
5.....................child needs love and care.
6. We couldn't find anywhere to stay for the night because
................. the hotels were full.
7.....................time she goes to town, she buys herself a book.
8.....................the people in the photograph are my relatives.
9.....................you need is love.
10. Look, it's snowing................. the streets are white.
much - many; little - few, a little - a few
1. much és many jelentése: „sok"

much + nem megszámlálható főnév:
Q much money
much time
many + megszámlálható főnév többes számban:

Q many cars
many children
91
Q Általában tagadó és kérdő mondatban használjuk mindkettőt.

A lot of / lots of kifejezésekkel helyettesíthetők.
63 How much money can you get for this job ? - Mennyi pénzt lehet
kapni ezért a munkáért?
There aren't many cars in the town centre at weekends. -
Hétvégén nem sok autó van a városközpontban.
There are a lot o f children in each group. - Minden csoportban sok
gyerek van.
So much/many, too much/many kifejezések előfordulhatnak állító

mondatban is.
Q We use too much water. - Túl sok vizet használunk.
2. little és few jelentése: „kevés" (a much és a many ellentétes

jelentésű párja)
little + nem megszámlálható főnév
Q little time
little money
few + megszámlálható főnév többes számban

Q few cars
few children
Gyakran nyomatékosítjuk az only szóval.

Q There were only few people at the concert. - Csak kevesen voltak
a koncerten.
3. a little jelentése: „egy kevés"

a few jelentése: „egy néhány"
92
O Amíg a little/few inkább negatív értelmű, az a little / a few pozitív

értelmű.
Q We have little money. (We can't buy this book now.) - Kevés pénzünk
van.
We have a little money. (You can choose something for yourself.)
- Van egy kis pénzünk.
We have few books. (So we often go to the library.) - Kevés könyvünk
van.
We have a few books. (We can hardly find enough place for them.)
- Van egy jó néhány könyvünk.
r\ Használja a mondatba illő szót (much-many, little-few ;a

1 \ J Iittle-a few, a lot of / lots of)\
Give the appropriate word (much-many; little-few, a little-
a few, a lot of / lots of).
1. You're having a coffee again! H ow ................... cups of coffee do

you drink a day?
2. Although the question was very easy,................... boys were able
to answer it.
3. There isn 't................... news in the papers today.
4. Last summer I stayed with my grandmother fo r................... days.
5. I haven't slept................... for two weeks, as I'll have to finish some
job by this Sunday.
6. I don't believe you're still hungry. You've eaten................... food.
7. I saw your girlfriend in front of the supermarket ju s t...................
minutes ago.
8. N o t................... old people like rap music.
9. H ow ................... times have you broken your wrist?
93
10.You don't have to water the grass right now. There was
................... rain last night.
11. it was very cold and there were only..............swimmers in the pool.
12. It's not healthy to eat your food with to o ................... salt in it.
13. There w asn't.................traffic on the road to Salisbury.
14. In Britain there are s o ................... TV programmes about gardens,
houses and decorations.
15. The rescue team didn't have............. hope after a week of search.
94
G erund, Infinitive and Participle
7. Gerund, Infinitive and Participle

Q Az angolban az ige után álló cselekvést jelentő szó (tehát egy újabb
ige) vagy-ing végződéssel vagy főnévi igenévi alakban áll.
B / like swimming. - Szeretek úszni.
I want to swim. - Úszni akarok.
Hogy mikor melyiket használjuk, az az első igétől függ.
A leggyakoribb igék amelyek után Gerund (az ige -in g végződésű

alakja) áll:
admit doing elismer

avoid doing elkerül
consider doing mérlegel
deny doing tagad
like/dislike doing szeret / nem szeret
love/hate doing nagyon szeret / utál
enjoy doing élvez, szeret
finish doing befejez
keep doing folyamatosan/tovább csinál
mind doing kifogása van ellene
practice doing gyakorol
prefer doing ...to doing- szívesebben csinál, jobban szeret valamit
valaminél
resist doing ellenáll
risk doing kockáztat (azt kockáztatja, hogy valami
meg fog történni)
stop doing abbahagy
suggest doing javasol
can't help doing nem tudja megállni
can't stand doing ki nem állhat
95
Q / enjoy listening to music. - Szeretek zenét hallgatni.

Would you mind opening the window? - Kinyitnád az ablakot?
I hate answering the phone. - Utálom, hogy nekem kell felvenni
a telefont.
It was so funny when he fell that I couldn't help laughing. - Olyan
vicces volt, amikor elesett, hogy nem bírtam ki nevetés nélkül.
Children today prefer watching television to reading. - A gyerekek
ma jobban szeretnek tévét nézni, mint olvasni.
o Az -in g végű alakok helyesírási szabályait lásd az Igeidők című

fejezetben, a folyamatos jelen idő használatánál!
A megadott igék Gerund alakjával egészítse ki a

1 mondatokat!
Complete the sentences with the Gerund form of the verbs
given.
drive get up hit laugh

look at miss move steal
play run
1. I hate........................ early in winter because it's still dark outside.

2. My husband doesn't mind ............................. even in foggy
weather.
3. The policeman told the thief to stop but he kept...........................
4. His joke was so funny thut we couldn't stop...................................
5. As the kids want xo have their own rooms we're considering
............................ into a bigger house.
6. If we don't start early enough, we risk ., the plane.
7. He practiced the violin all afternoon.
96
Gerund, Infinitive and Participle
0
8. Jack was so angry with me that he even avoided.......................me.
9. He adm itted.........................the man but denied .........................
his wallet.
A leggyakoribb igék, melyek után to + Infinitive (főnévi igenév) áll:
afford to do - megengedheti magának (anyagilag)

agree to do - belegyezik
appear/seem to do - úgy tűnik, látszik
arrange to do - elrendez, elintéz
decide to do - eldönt
demand to do - követel
deserve to do - megérdemel
expect to do - vár, számít valamire
fail to do - elmulaszt
forget to do - elfelejt / nem jut eszébe megcsinálni
valamit
hesitate to do - vonakodik, haboz
hope to do - remél
learn to do - megtanul
manage to do - sikerül
need to do - meg kell tenni, szükséges
offer to do - felajánl
plan to do - tervez
prepare to do - készül
pretend to do - ú g y tesz, tettet
promise to do -ígér
refuse to do - nem hajlandó megtenni
remember to do - eszébe jut, nem felejt el megcsinálni
valamit
97
try to do - megpróbál
want to do - akar
Q Don't forget to call me when you arrive. - Ne felejts el felhívni, ha

megérkeztél!
I didn't say hello to him as he pretended not to see me. - Nem
köszöntem neki, mert úgy tett, mintha nem venne észre.
I took a taxi as I wanted to be at home as fast as possible. - Taxival
mentem, mert minél gyorsabban otthon akartam lenni.
2 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megadott igék főnévi igenévi

alakjával!
Finish the sentences with the infinitive forms of the verbs
given.
buy call clean drive

finish know lend see
spend tell
1. Our car has a big letter L on, as my brother is learning.................

2. We can't afford............................... a new car now, as my husband
doesn't have a job.
3. I was broke, so my friend offered........................ me some money.
4. I know the house doesn't look too nice now but Mrs Jones
promised................................it tomorrow.
5. We're planning............................... two weeks in Spain.
6. Jack finally decided............................... the truth.
7. Liz had to work long hours but she managed................................
the job on time.
8. "If you have any problem, don't hesitate................................,"said
the hotel receptionist.
9. I w ant................................that film. Will it be on tomorrow?

10. Many students have raised their hands. They all seem
................................the answer.
Q Az alábbi igék után Gerund vagy Infinitive egyaránt állhat

jelentésváltozás nélkül:
begin doing/to do - elkezd

start doing/to do - elkezd
continue doing/to do - folytat
intend doing/to do - szándékozik
Q When did it start raining/to rain? - Mikor kezdett el esni?
3 Használja a zárójelben levő igéket a megfelelő Gerund vagy

Infinitive alakban!
Use the verbs in brackets in the right form: Gerund or
Infinitive.
1. My friend suggested (visit)................................the museum first.

2. He didn't get the job because he failed (arrive)................................
at the interview on time.
3. I hate (do) ................................ the washing up, so I've decided
(buy)................................a dishwasher.
4. At what age did you start (learn)................................English?
5. My sister has studied so much for her exam. She deserves (pass)
................................it.
6. It was a very hard match but finally our team managed (win)
7. He's so unlucky. I can't help (feel) ................................ sorry for

him.
99
8. I couldn't resist (buy)................................these lovely ribbons for

your wedding dress.
9. When Ann was on the playground with her children, someone tried
(steal)............................... her handbag.
10. What do you intend (do )................................?
11. My ex-boyfriend wanted (talk)................................to me but I kept
(work)...............................and refused (listen)................................
to him.
12. Our teacher agreed (take)................................ us on a three-day
trip in the mountains.
13. Did you remember (buy) ................................ flowers for your
mum's birthday?
14. When will you finish (work)................................on the computer?
15.1 wanted (borrow)................................ my friend's bike, but she
said she needed it herself.
16. When we saw the fire, we started (put it o u t)................................
on our own. After a while we decided (call)................................the
fire brigade.
17. When Pat went to Hollywood, she was hoping (see)
................................ someone famous in the street, but she didn't.
18.1 don't understand Physics. My friend promised (help)
me with it.
19. She never fails (call)................................her mother once a week.
20. As it was raining, Joe suggested (g o )................................ to the
cinema instead of the beach.
21.1 was really embarrassed during the concert as I couldn't help
(cough)................................all the time.
22. Can you stop (talk)..............................? I'm trying to finish this
report.
23. My grandma enjoys (take)................................ long walks every
afternoon.
100
24.1 don't mind (be).............................. alone.

25. We can't afford (g o )................................on holiday twice a year.
Az alábbi esetekben szintén Gerund alakot használunk
Ha a cselekvést kifejező szó:

1. elöljárószó után áll
Q He left without saying good-bye. - Köszönés nélkül ment el.
Instead of going to school, little Johnny visited the zoo. - Iskola
helyett Jancsika az állatkertbe ment.
He's not interested in learning languages. - Nem érdekli a
nyelvtanulás.
What are the advantages o f going by plane? - Mik az előnyei a
repülőnek?
2. prepozíciós (vonzatos) igék után áll

O When we went to the pub, Martin insisted on paying for the drinks.
- Amikor elmentünk sörözni, Martin ragaszkodott hozzá, hogy ő
fizet.
I overslept, so I had to apologize for being late. - Elaludtam, ezért
bocsánatot kellett kérnem a késésért.
Have you ever thought of changing your job? - Gondoltál már

arra, hogy állást változtatsz?
Akkor is ezt a szerkezetet használjuk, ha az ige és az elöljárószó közé

egy tárgy ékelődik.
Q Jack always accuses other people of not doing theirjobs properly.
- Jack mindig azzal vádol másokat, hogy nem végzik rendesen a
munkájukat.
101
After the party I thanked my mother for helping so much. -

A buli után megköszöntem anyukámnak a sok segítséget.
O Figyelem!
A következő igealakokban a to elöljárószó, nem pedig a főnévi
igenév része, tehát utána Gerund alakban áll az ige.
get used to / get accustomed to doing - hozzászokik

be used to / be accustomed to doing - hozzá van szokva valamihez
look forward to doing - türelmetlenül vár
Q / can't get used to getting up early. - Nem tudok hozzászokni a
korán keléshez.
O Érdemes megjegyezni, hogy a feel like - „kedve van valamihez"

igealakban a like elöljárószó, nem pedig ige.
Q / don't feel like going out tonight. - Ma este nincs kedvem elmenni
sehova.
3. az alábbi kifejezések után:
be busy doing - valami nagyon lefoglalja

Q Ann was busy writing a report when I phoned. - Anna épp egy
jelentést írt, amikor telefonáltam.
it's worth doing - érdemes

Q In this situation it's worth listening to other people's advice. -
Ebben a helyzetben érdemes meghallgatni mások tanácsát.
it's no use / it's no good doing - nincs értelme

Q It's no use asking him again. - Nincs értelme újra őt megkérni.
102
there's no point in doing - nincs értelme

Q It was 77 o'clock at night; so there was no point in waiting for him
any longer. - Éjjel 77 óra volt, nem volt értelme tovább várni rá.
have difficulty (in) doing - nehézséget okoz, nehezen tudja csinálni

Q His teachers have difficulty (in) reading his handwriting. - A
tanárai nehezen olvassák el a kézírását.
how about doing - mi lenne, mit szólnál hozzá

G How about parking your car on the opposite side of the street? -
Parkolj az utca másik oldalán!
Főnévi igenévi (Infinitive) alakot használunk az alábbi esetekben is:
1. Melléknevek után. Ide tartoznak a melléknévi szerepben álló

igenevek is.
G She was afraid to say anything. - Félt bármit is mondani.
I'm happy to see you. - Örülök, hogy látlak.
I'm sorry to hear that. - Sajnálattal hallom.
It was nice of you to invite me to the party. - Kedves volt tőled,
hogy meghívtál a partira.
She was surprised to find the kids there. - Meglepődött, hogy ott
találta a gyerekeket.
2. Az ask somebody to do something típusú szerkezetekben

(tárgyas igék után, amikor a tárgyat is megnevezem).
G They don't allow their children to stay up late. - Nem engedik
meg a gyerekeiknek, hogy későig fennmaradjanak.
Everybody expects her to have a nice career. - Mindenki arra
számít, hogy sikeres lesz.
Do you want me to help you? - Akarod, hogy segítsek?
103
3. A would like, would love, would prefer szerkezetek után.

Q Would you like to drink something? - Kérsz inni?
I'd love to have an MP3 player. - Nagyon szeretnék egy MP3
lejátszót.
4. Kérdőszó után a következő szerkezetben:

Q / don't know which dress to buy. - Nem tudom, melyik ruhát
vegyem meg.
He taught his son how to drive a car. - Ő tanította meg a fiát autót
vezetni.
5. Célhatározói mellékmondat helyett.

Q She's going to England to improve her English. - Angliába megy,
hogy fejlessze a nyelvtudását.
She goes to a gym to keep fit. - Eljár egy tornaterembe edzeni.
Használja a zárójelben lévő igét a megfelelő Gerund vagy

4 Infinitive alakban!
Give the right Gerund or Infinitive form of the verbs in
brackets.
1. I'm going for a ride on my bike. Would you like (come)

................................with me?
2. After (eat)................................ too much in the Xmas holiday, I'm
looking forward to (go )........... ................... to the gym and (work)
............................ out.
3. I don't mind (cook)................ ............... the lunch today as long
as you're willing (tidy)............ .................. the kitchen afterwards.
4. Why did you want me (wait) .. ............................. for you?
5. I tried (open)........................... .... the window but it was too high
for me (reach).........................
04
6. Why don't you tell the children (play)................................ in the

garden in such good weather?
7. We're free this afternoon. What do you suggest (do)
................................?
8. It was so noisy outside that the teacher asked the students (close)
................................the window.
9. I'm glad (see)................................you again. It's such a long time
since we last met.
10. Just go on (eat)................................your lunch. I can wait.
11 .The children are big enough (stay).............................. at home
on their own.
12. Can you show me how (switch on) ................................ the
washing machine?
13.1 can't help (sneeze).................................. I caught a cold at the
weekend.
14.Tell Joe (not lock)............................ the door. I'm back in a minute.
15.1wouldn't like you (marry)................................that man. He's old
enough (be)................................your father.
16. My grandmother has such a lot of pain in her legs, that she has
difficulty (walk)................................without a stick.
17. What a surprise! I didn't expect (see)................................you here.
18. Remember (wash)................................your hands before dinner.
19.lt was very difficult for the Hungarian water-polo team
(w in)............................... the match against the Serbian team.
20. Don't forget (switch) ................................ off the lights before
(g o )................................to bed.
21 .You must tell the children (brush).............................. their teeth
after each meal.
22. In June 2002, Southwest Airlines announced that they would start
(force)................................ fat people (buy)..................................
two seats on airplanes.
23.1told him (not worry)................................about what happened.
105
a Gerund, Infinitive and Participle
24. I'd like (go out)................................tonight. I need some time off

work.
25. Leslie is training hard. He hopes (become)................................ a
champion swimmer one day.
26. The Millers found it difficult (live)..............................in a house
with only one bathroom.
27. Before (g o )................................home she cleaned her desk.
28. There's no point in (have) .............................. a house with a
garden if you don't want (look after) ................................ the
garden.
29.1 planned (walk) ................................ to the station but my
colleague insisted on (give)................................me a lift.
30.This gadget is for (open)................................bottles.
Q Az alábbi szerkezetekben a főnévi igenév to nélkül áll.
1. a let ige után (let somebody do something - hagyni, hogy csináljon

valamit)
Q Let them come as well. - Hadd jöjjenek ők is!
Why don't you let your son have long hair? - Miért nem engeded
meg a fiadnak, hogy hosszú haja legyen?
2. a műveltetés egyik fajtájában: make somebody do something

- valakivel csináltat valamit
Q My brother always makes me do his homework in English. - A test
vérem mindig velem csináltatja meg az angolleckéjét.
3. érzékelést jelentő igék (see, hear, feel, smell), továbbá a listen to,
notice, find, watch igék után
Q / heard him come home. - Hallottam, hogy hazaért.
106
O Figyelem! Ha a fenti igék szenvedő szerkezetben állnak, a főnévi

igenév to-val áll utánuk.
Q At the boarder we were made to hand over our passports. -
A határon át kellett adnunk az útlevelünket.
The old man was seen to leave the building. - Látták, hogy az idős
ember elhagyta az épületet.
Az érzékelést jelentő, illetve a listen to, notice, find, watch igék után
a cselekvést -in g végű igével is kifejezhetjük (ez itt Participle).
Árnyalatnyi jelentésbeli különbség van:
- főnévi igenév esetén a cselekvés lezártságát,
- Participle esetén a folyamatosságát hangsúlyozzuk
Q / saw him cross the street. - Láttam, hogy átment az úton.
I saw him crossing the street. - Láttam, amint megy át az úton.
A help ige után a főnévi igenév állhat to-val vagy to nélkül.

Q After the party I helped my friend (to) clean the room. - A buli
után segítettem a barátomnak kitakarítani.
Q Ne felejtsük el, hogy a segédigék után is főnévi igenév áll, né

melyikük után to-val, legtöbbjük után viszont to nélkül!
Q Would you speak up a bit? I can't hear you. - Beszélne egy kicsit
hangosabban? Nem hallom.
May I go to the cinema? - Elmehetek moziba?
I will carry it for you. - Majd én viszem.
I had to answer all the questions. - A z összes kérdésre válaszolnom
kellett.
Q Főnévi igenév to nélkül áll a következő kifejezésekben:

would rather do - inkább, szívesebben csinál
had better do - jobban tenné
107
B I ’d rather cook the meal (than do the washing-up). - Inkább

főzök, (mint mosogatok.)
His leg hurts. He'd better not play football today. - Fáj a lába.
Jobb lenne, ha ma nem játszana.
Tegye ki a főnévi igenév elé a to szót, ahol szükséges!

Give the word to in front of the infinitive where necessary.
1. My father refused....... lend me his car so I h ad .........take the bus

to town.
2. What do you want m e ....... do?
3. My brother always makes m e ....... do the washing-up for him.
4. Why don't you let h im ....... go biking with his friends?
5. You mustn't....... touch the dogs you meet in the street. They may
....... bite.
6. Your car makes a strange noise. You had better....... take it to the
garage.
7. They'd like....... sell their old car.
8. His parents don't allow Jim m y....... watch TV after 9 o'clock in the
evening.
9. I'm sorry I forgot....... post your letter.
10.1liked both T-shirts, and I couldn't....... decide which one........ buy.
11. If you ask me, I'd rather....... choose the green jacket.
12. She didn't go to Paris....... seethe Eiffel Tower but........ learn French.
13.1 need....... talk to my father. He m ay.........be ab le.........help me
....... solve the problem.
14. Tim asked m e.....help him with his homework in German. But it
turned out that he only wanted m e....... give him the answers. He
didn't let m e ....... explain anything.
15. They've arrived finally. I can hear their ca r.....stop in front of the
house.
108
Participle - Melléknévi igenév
Q Az angol nyelvben is létezik a melléknévi igenévnek folyamatos és

befejezett alakja.
A folyamatos melléknévi igenév (Present Participle) az ige -ing
végződésű alakja.
A befejezett melléknévi igenév (Past Participle) az ige 3. alakja.
A folyamatos melléknévi igenevet használjuk:

1. jelzőként
a) ha egytagú, a jelzett főnév előtt áll
Q running water - folyó víz
crying baby - síró csecsemő
b) ha összetett (tehát egy egész szerkezet), akkor a jelzett főnév után

áll
Q the boy standing by his mother - az anyja mellett álló fiú
2. go/come ige után fizikai tevékenységet jelentő igékkel

B go skating/swimming/jogging etc. - korcsolyázni/úszni/futni megy
We've decided to go skiing this winter. - Úgy döntöttünk, hogy
megyünk síelni a télen.
3. érzékelést jelentő igék után (lásd előbb!)

B / heard him singing in the bathroom. - Hallottam, hogy énekel a
fürdőszobában.
A befejezett melléknévi igenevet használjuk:

jelzőként
a) ha egytagú, a jelzett szó előtt áll
B a stolen camera - lopott fényképezőgép
a well written composition - jól megírt fogalmazás
109
£ G erund, Infinitive and Participle
b) ha összetett (a szenvedő szerkezet rövidítéseként) a jelzett szó

után
Q a book written by Dickens - Dickens által írott könyv
O A melléknévi igenév egyéb használatát lásd a Melléknevek című

fejezetben!
6 Keresse meg az A oszlop tagmondatainak folytatását a B

oszlopban!
Match the beginning of the sentences in column A with the
ends in column B.
A
1. Little Mary can draw well and hopes ...
2. I couldn't help ...
3. Liz is too young ...
4. Her Mum made Jane ...
5. We're broke now and can't afford ...
6. I hate ...
7. I'm sorry I'm busy. Would you mind ...
8. Do you know how ...
9. Did you see them ...
10. You're driving too fast. I think you should ...
B
a) correct all her mistakes,
b) coming back later?
c) to open this box?
d) to become an artist one day.
e) slow down a bit.
110
f) to cross the street on her own.

g) leave the shop?
h) to buy the car this year.
i) noticing that she was crying.
j) tidying my room.
1........ 2........ 3........ 4........ 5.

6........ 7........ 8........ 9........ 10.
Fejezze be a mondatokat Gerund vagy Infinitive szerkezettel!

C "sj
A második mondat jelentse azt, mint az első!

Finish the sentences with a Gerund or Infinitive construction.
Your sentence should mean the same as the original one.
B The headmaster's decision was difficult for them to accept.

They had difficulty accepting the headmaster's decision.
1. After landing the stewardess said "Would all passengers leave the
plane through the front door?"
The stewardess asked.......................................................................
2. I can't dance. I learnt English waltz from Mary.
Mary taught me how ........................................................................
3. My parents are very keen on walking in the woods.
My parents enjoy..............................................................................
4. "I'm sorry I'm late," Phillip said.
Phillip apologised fo r........................................................................
5. "Be quiet," the teacher says to her students.
The teacher w ants............................................................................
6. Peter went to Rome because he wanted to see the Colosseum.
Peter went to Rome..........................................................................
111
a G erund, Infinitive and Participle
7. Two boys started to argue about something unimportant but the

teacher stopped them.
The teacher didn't le t.......................................................................
8. The clown was very funny. All the children in the circus laughed.
The clown m ade...............................................................................
9. I asked Tom and he said he'd cut the grass for me.
Tom agreed.......................................................................................
10. What are your plans for the future?
What do you intend..........................................................................
11. Is it all right if I open the window?
Do you mind m e ...............................................................................
12. Can you answer the door, please? I'm busy.
Would you m ind...............................................................................
13. Would you like to see the Dali exhibition?
Would you be interested in ..............................................................
14. He switched off the computer and left the room.
After..................................................................................................
15. He left the restaurant but he didn't pay the bill.
He left the restaurant without.........................................................
16. You are a very clever boy. You'll be able to do it by yourself.
You are clever enough......................................................................
17. It is very cloudy. We can't see the other shore across the lake.
It's too cloudy...................................................................................
18. They saw the footballer kick another player.
The footballer was seen....................................................................
19.1 prefer playing tennis to watching it on TV.
I'd rather...........................................................................................
20. You shouldn't smoke any more if you want to do sports.
You should stop................................................................................
112
A uxiliaries and M odal verbs - Se g é d ig é k
8. Auxiliaries and Modal verbs - Segédigék

Q Az angol nyelvben a segédigéknek két típusa létezik.
- A z egyik típus (Auxiliary) szerepe az, hogy lehetővé tegye az
egyes igeidők, illetve kérdő és tagadó alakok megformálását.
- A másik típusba (Modal verbs) azok a segédigék tartoznak,
melyek valamilyen további jelentést adnak az igealaknak (pl.
szükségesség, képesség, kényszer, valószínűség, stb.).
Auxiliaries
1. be
Folyamatos alakok képzésére szolgál, ragozott alakja a cselekvő
számát és személyét fejezi ki.
a) Az alábbi mondatokban folyamatos jelen idejű alakot képeztünk
vele:
Q They are building a new school in the suburbs. - Új iskolát
építenek a külvárosban.
She isn't (is not) wearing glasses in this photo. - Ezen a képen
nem visel szemüveget.
b) Folyamatos múlt idejű alakban:

Q / was working all day last Saturday. - Múlt vasárnap egész nap
dolgoztam.
The musicians were playing a beautiful tune when Joe dropped
his keys. - A zenészek épp egy nagyon szép dallamot játszottak,
amikor Joe leejtette a kulcsát.
c) Szenvedő szerkezet képzéséhez is ezt a segédigét használjuk.

Q The packet will be delivered only next Monday. - A csomagot
csak jövő hétfőn kézbesítik.
113
What is this tool called in English? - Ezt a szerszámot hogy

hívják angolul?
2. do
Egyszerű jelen időben a kérdő és tagadó alakú állítmány
megformálására szolgál (egyes szám 3. személyben: does).
Q How do you go to school? - Hogy szoktál iskolába menni?
Jennifer doesn't (does not) like beef stew. - Jennifer nem szereti a
marhapörköltet.
Egyszerű múlt idejű kérdés és tagadás megformálására a múlt idejű

alak szolgál : did.
Q Why didn't you call me back last night? - Miért nem hívtál vissza
tegnap este?
Did you have a nice holiday? - J ó l nyaraltál?
3. have
A befejezett jelen idő (Present Perfect) képzésére szolgál (egyes
szám 3. személyben: has).
Q We Ve (we have) already been up the tower. - Mi már voltunk fönn
a toronyban.
David has finally found a teaching job in the USA. - Dávid végül
talált magának tanári állást az Egyesült Államokban.
A fenti igék főigeként is használhatóak.

Q David is a teacher. - Dávid tanár.
I never do the shopping during the week. - Hét közben soha nem
én vásárolok.
Ben has a dog. - Bennek van egy kutyája.
114
1 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a be/do/have segédige megfelelő

alakjával!
Fill in the gaps with the right form of the following
auxiliaries: be/do/have.
1. What will happen if y o u ............... not arrive at work on time?

2. "W hen................you start doing aerobics?" "Two years ago."
3. "When........ you have aerobic classes?" "Every Monday and Friday."
4. "Why................ you learning to cook?" "I ................ getting
married next month and I ................not know how to cook."
5................... you meet anybody coming home from school?
6. Hungarian people................not drink tea with milk.
7. I ................booked a table at the Greek restaurant for tonight.
8................... your girlfriend ever invite you for a coke?
9. Ja c k ............... not turn up at the meeting yesterday.
10. Please,..............not disturb him now. He................. having a nap.
11 .W e.............. not been to a concert since May.
12. My mother............. not let me put posters on the walls in my room.
13. Sh e ............. just had a shower. Her hair is wet.
14................. they paid the rent yet?
15. When we arrived at the station, she...........already waiting for us.
16.The bridge that connects San Francisco and Oakland ................
called Bay Bridge.
17.These days very few students................not know how to use a
computer.
18 ...............the door locked when you got home?
19 ...............your teacher told you your grades?
20.1................meeting my new boss tomorrow, so wish me good luck.
21................. not forget to invite Jill to the party, too.
22. W e ................having an English class when a bee flew through
the open window.
115
0
23. How muchi tim
timee................you need to learn these words?
24.. you been informed about the time of the course yet?
25.1 told to wait outside.
Modal verbs
can (+ főnévi igenév „to" nélkül)

1. Képességet fejez ki, „valaki tud valamit csinálni" jelentésben.
Q Anna can read beautifully. - Anna nagyon szépen tud olvasni.
"Can you play the guitar?" "Yes, I can. / No, I can't." - „Tudsz
gitározni?"„Igen. / Nem."
a) Tagadó alakja: cannot = can't

Q He's a baby. He can't speak. - Ő még kisbaba. Nem tud beszélni.
b) Múlt idejű alakja: could

A múltban meglévő általános képesség kifejezésére szolgál.
Q / could swim when I was 5 years old. - Öt éves koromban
tudtam úszni.
Ha azonban erőfeszítés vagy képesség által elért valamilyen

múltbeli teljesítményről van szó, a was/were able to + infinitive
alakot használjuk.
Q He was able to swim across before he collapsed. - Sikerült
átúsznia a túlpartra, mielőtt elájult.
c) Jövő időben használható a can és a will be able alak is.

Q l/l/e won't be able to see that film because we have to leave
right now. - Nem fogjuk tudni megnézni azt a filmet, mert
azonnal indulnunk kell.
They can't come tomorrow. - Ők nem tudnak holnap jönni.
116
Minden más igeidőben a be able to do alakot használjuk.

Q / have been able to drive since I was 19. - 19 éves korom óta
tudok vezetni.
d) A can segédige feltételes módú alakja : could

Q If it was nice, we could go swimming. - Ha jó idő lenne,
úszhatnánk egyet.
Kérdő mondatban a could segédigével udvarias kérést is

kifejezhetünk.
Q Could you answer the phone, please? - Felvenné a telefont? /
Legyen szíves, vegye fel a telefont!
2. Engedélyt is kifejezhetünk vele (can = be allowed to).

Q "You can watch this film," mother says to her son. - Megnézheted
ezt a filmet - mondja az anya a fiának.
"Can I go to the party on Saturday7" - Elmehetek a buliba
szombaton7
3. Valószínűséget, lehetőséget is kifejez.

Q A house in London can cost a fortune. - Egy ház Londonban egy
vagyonba kerülhet.
These can't be your glasses. You're wearing yours! - Ez nem lehet
a te szemüveged. A tiéd rajtad van!
2 A can - can't kifejezések felhasználásával alkosson

mondatokat!
Make sentences using the modal verbs can - can't with the clues.
Q mobile phones/translate sentences

Mobile phones can't translate sentences.
117
A uxiliaries and M odal verbs - Se gé d igé k
1. chefs / cook very well
2. sad people/laugh
3. a mobile phone /send messages
4. computers/check spelling
5. MP3 players/hear
6. babies/walk
7. birds/fly
8. phones / have conversations
9. an answering machine/talk
10. CD players / play music
3 Használja a megfelelő segédigét (could - was/were - able to)

állító, kérdő vagy tagadó alakban!
Use the appropriate modal verb (could - waslwere - be able
to) in the affirmative, interrogative or negative.
1. I ................... understand a lot more German when I was young.

2...........................you answer the phone for me please?
3. However hard he tried h e ................lift the heavy boy by himself.
4. A dam .......................play the violin when he was nine.
118
A uxiliaries and M odal verbs - S e g é d ig é k £ j
5. The questions were so difficult that most students.......................

answer them.
6. He didn't agree with me first but I ....................... convince him I
was right.
7. Though we had to run fast, w e ...................... catch the bus.
8. I saw Peter on the other side of the street. He was trying to say
something but I ................... hear him as the street was so noisy.
9. I knew something was wrong because I ...................... smell
something burning.
10. After ten years of saving money the Millers................buy a car.
Tegye az időhatározókat a mondatba, és végezze el a

4 szükséges átalakításokat!
Use the time expressions in the sentences and make the
necessary changes.
Q He can speak Polish fluently now. (when he was 5)

He could speak Polish fluently when he was 5.
I can't get to the bank, (so far)
I haven't been able to get to the bank so far.
1. Marion can drive a car. (when she was 18 years old)
2. I'm sorry but the doctor can't see you right now. (until tomorrow
afternoon)
3. Tom finds that he can understand Spanish better than he can speak
it. (when he first went to Spain)
4. We can't see that play, (if we don't book seats soon)
119
5. This is all the information I can get now. (so far)
6. I can see very well, (as nobody was sitting in front of me in the theatre)
7. Even the weakest students can complete the exercise, (as they were
allowed to look at their notes)
8. Mrs Jones can't buy all the food she needs, (yet)
9. I can't tell you what to do. (if I knew what to do)
10. You can speak English well, (by the time you finish this course)
Egészítse ki a második mondatot úgy, hogy jelentése

megegyezzen az első mondatéval! Használja a can illetve a
be able to megfelelő alakját!
Complete the second sentences in a way that they mean the
same as the first ones. Use the right form of can or be able to.
1. Holidays abroad aren't always expensive.

Holidays abroad.......................................................... quite cheap.
2. You live very far so I can't visit you very often.
If you didn't live so fa r.................................................. more often.
3. Will you let me use your phone, please?
.................................................. I use your phone please?
4. He managed to leave Europe before the war began.
H e .............................................................. before the war began.
5. It was impossible for me to get into the house as I didn't have my
keys with me.
120
I ....................................... get into the house as I didn't have my

keys with me.
6. Jill is an excellent handball player.
J ill........................................................................ very well.
7. Excuse me, will you open the window?
Excuse m e,...................................................................................... ?
8. It is impossible that it is Mary at the door, She's in France now.
I t .................................................Mary at the door. She's in France.
9. John can fly a plane. He learnt it when he was in the army.
Jo h n ...........................................a plane since he was in the army.
10. Is it all right if I ask you a question?
....................................................... ask you a question?
must és have to - a szükségesség kifejezése
1. must + főnévi igenév „to" nélkül

Erős kényszert vagy nyomatékos tanácsot fejez ki jelen és jövő
időben.
Q / must go now. - Mennem kell.
You must come to see us when you're in town. - Feltétlen látogass
meg bennünket, ha a városban jársz!
Must you leave so early? - Muszáj ilyen korán elmenned?
Q Tagadó alakja: a must not = mustn't tiltást fejez ki (=nem szabad),

nem pedig a kényszer hiányát (=nem kell).
Q You mustn't smoke in here. - Itt bent nem szabad dohányozni.
We mustn't be late. - Nem szabad elkésnünk.
A „nem kell/szükséges valamit megtenni" tartalmat a needn't +

főnévi igenév vagy a don't/doesn't have to + főnévi igenév
fejezi ki.
121
Q You needn't answer all the questions. / You don't have to answer
all the questions. - Nem kell az összes kérdésre válaszolnod.
Mivel sem főnévi igenévi, sem múlt idejű alakja nincs, minden
egyéb igeidőben és szerkezetben a have to megfelelő alakját
használjuk.
Q / felt I had to do it. - Úgy éreztem, muszáj megtennem.
Next summer we will have to come back here. - Jövő nyáron
feltétlenül vissza kell ide jönnünk.
2. have to + főnévi igenév

„Valakinek kell valamit csinálni" jelentésben használjuk minden
igeidőben.
Egyes szám 3. személyű alakja: has
Kérdő és tagadó alakját a do/does segédigével képezzük.
Q You don't have to get up yet. - Még nem kell felkelned.
Judy has to do all the housework during the week. - Hétköznap
Juditnak kell elvégeznie az összes házimunkát.
They had to do it alone. - Egyedül kellett megcsinálniuk.
I'll have to leave in a few minutes. - Néhány perc múlva indulnom
kell.
3. must és have to
Jelen időben van a kettő között némi jelentésbeli különbség,
must: a beszélő szempontja szerinti, a beszélőtől jövő kényszer
have to: kívülről jövő kényszer vagy szükségszerűség
Q / must go now. - Mennem kell. (Nem érek rá tovább vagy fáradt
vagyok.)
I have to go now. - Mennem kell. (Elmegy az utolsó buszom.)
You must go now. - Menned kell. (Az akarom, hogy menj.)
You have to go now. - Menned kell. (Különben lekésed a vonatot.)
122
Tagadja a következő mondatokat!

6 Make the following sentences negative.
1. The little girl has to come with us.
2. He must use a calculator for the Physics test.
3. We have to get up early at the weekend.
4. At university students have to take physical education classes for

three semesters.
5. Our guests from Budapest had to change trains on the way here.
6. I have to complete the form on my own.
7. We've had to rewrite our essay twice.
8. If they arrive late, they'll have to wait an hour for the next train.
9. If you have a common cold, you must stay in bed for a week.
10. We had to pay for the concert tickets.
11. An air hostess has to work at home.
12. You have to get a visa if you want to go to Spain.
123
A uxiliaries and M odal verbs - Se géd igé k
7 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a must vagy a have to segédige

megfelelő alakjával! Néhány esetben mindkettő használható.
Complete the sentences with must or have to in the correct
form. Sometimes it is possible to use either form.
1. "You............................ be home by 10 o'clock," my mum told me.

2. How long (you)................................wear glasses?
3. We couldn't repair the roof. W e............................ call a carpenter.
4. I'm sorry I can't come to your wedding at the weekend. I
............................ go away on business.
5. Kids, you (not)............................ touch the cooker. It's hot.
6. Last night my son had such high fever that w e ............................
call the doctor.
7. Jack hasn't been able to have a restful weekend for a while, as he
............................ work every Saturday for two months.
8. Sheila (no t)............................ get up early, but as she can't sleep
long she usually does.
9. Y o u .................. see the French Impressionist exhibition. It's great.
10. How many chapters (you)................. read for the previous class?
11 .That man is a porter. H e.......... carry hundreds of suitcases every day.
12. Look at the time. We...................... finish it now.
13. You (not)..........................be rich to be happy but it helps.
14. John................ do the housework on his own since his wife left him.
15.1............................ answer this letter right away. It's urgent.
8 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a must vagy a have to segédigék

állító vagy tagadó alakjaival!
Complete the sentences with affirmative or negative form of
must or have to.
124
1. "Do you want me to do it completely on my own?" "No, you

................ do it all by yourself, but I can help you only in an hour."
2. In most public schools in Hungary y o u ................wear a uniform.
3. Y o u ....................... see this film if you get the chance.
4. Doctors in Hungary.......................work long hours.
5. Y o u ....................... frighten your little brother with that lion.
6. Accountants....................... be very good at maths.
7. Y o u ....................... do the washing up, we have a dishwasher.
8. Waiters.......................spill food on the customers' dresses.
9. Yo u ....................... use your mobile phone on a plane during take
off and landing.
10. Stars....................... worry about what to wear in a show. Stylists
make this decision.
should + főnévi igenév („to" nélkül)
„Kellene valamit csinálnia" jelentésben tanácsot fejezünk ki vele. Kérdő

és tagadó alakú állítmányt is képezhetünk vele.
Q You should stop smoking. - Le kellene szoknod a dohányzásról.
Shouldn 't (should not) the kids be in bed by now? - A gyerekeknek
ekkorra nem kellene ágyban lenniük?
Gyakran használjuk az alábbi szerkezetben:

I think you should ... - szerintem kellene
I don't think you should ... - szerintem nem kellene
B / don't think you should phone her. - Szerintem nem kellene
felhívnod.
Helyette ought to + főnévi igenév szerkezet is használható.

B You ought to stop smoking.
Jane ought not to drink any more coffee. She won't be able to sleep.
-Jane-nek nem kellene több kávét innia. Nem fog tudni aludni.
125
9 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a should vagy a have to segédige

állító vagy tagadó alakjával!
Complete the sentences with the affirmative or negative
forms of the modal verbs should or have to.
1. Every music student......................practice for three hours a day.

2. Y o u .................................smoke in the kitchen.
3. Y o u ................................ ring the bell, I have got a key.
4. H e ................................. leave home at 6 o'clock every morning to
arrive at work on time.
5. You look a bit fat, y o u .................................go on a diet.
6. It wasn't my fault! Y o u .................................look at me like that!
7. My friend doesn't look too good, sh e..........................sleep more.
8. I ................................. collect the kids from the nursery this week.
My wife is away.
9. Y o u .................................drive fast, we've got plenty of time.
10. Everybody.................................see the dentist twice a year to get
free treatments when needed.
11 .Yo u ......................drive so fast. There's a speed limit on this road.
12. Mary.................................come if she has something else to do.
13. You can't see the professor today. Y o u ...............................have
an appointment.
14. Ron has a fever. He ................................. be in the garden, he
................................. be in bed now.
15. Y o u .................................eat your food with so much salt in it. It's
bad for you.
may + főnévi igenév („to" nélkül)
Engedély kifejezésére szolgál („szabad valamit csinálni") jelen idejű

állító és kérdő alakban.
126
Q You may sit down now. - Most már leülhettek.

May I go to the cinema? - Elmehetek moziba ?
O Az engedély megtagadása tulajdonképpen tiltás, tehát tagadása:

mustn't.
Q "May I go to the cinema?" "Yes, you may. / No, you m ustn't."
Ugyanerre a be allowed to kifejezés tagadó alakját is használhatjuk.

Q She isn't allowed to leave before we get home. - Nem mehet el,
mielőtt mi hazaérünk.
Többi igeidőben: be allowed to kifejezés megfelelő idejű alakját használjuk.

Q Were you allowed to go to the cinema? - Elengedtek a moziba?
Do you think you'll be allowed to go camping with your friends?
- Szerinted elengednek a barátaiddal kempingezni?
Udvarias kérés kifejezésére is használhatjuk.

Q May I get some more milk, please? - Kaphatok még egy kis tejet?
Tegye a zárójelbe tett kifejezéseket a mondatba, és

végezze el a szükséges átalakításokat!
Insert the words and phrases in brackets into the
sentences and make the necessary changes.
1. Mary may hire a clown for her birthday party, (last year)
2. Alison may stay out late at night, (not)
3. Students may enter the room, (well before the exam tomorrow)
4. Little Tommy may come home from school alone, (not yet)
127
5. Ben may play computer games, (since he learnt to read)
6. You may throw rubbish in the park, (not)
7. Students may use a calculator in Maths classes, (even in primary

schools in ten years' time)
8. Students may go to school without wearing a uniform, (not, when

I was at school)
9. Girls may wear a make-up at school, (not in this school)
10.1 may go to that rock festival on my own. (next year)
Valószínűség kifejezése
Q A valószínűség fokozatait különböző segédigékkel tudjuk kifejezni.

Az alábbi sor a legvalószínűbbtől halad a legkevésbé valószínű felé:
must -» may -» might
1. must - „minden bizonnyal" jelentésben

Q Tom didn't come to school today. He must be ill. - Tomi nem jött
ma iskolába. Biztos beteg.
A „biztos nem" jelentés kifejezésére a can't alakot használjuk.

Q He can't be ill. I've just seen him playing football in the park. - Nem
lehet beteg. Most láttam a parkban focizni.
2. may - „lehet, hogy" jelentésben

Q Take an umbrella with you. It may rain this afternoon. - Vigyél
magaddal ernyőt! Lehet, hogy esik délután.
128
Don't forget to take your keys. I may not be at home when you
get home. - Ne hagyd itthon a kulcsod! Lehet, hogy nem leszek
itthon, amikor hazaérsz.
3. might - „talán" jelentésben használjuk, gyakorlatilag alig tér el a

jelentése a may segédigétől; a cselekvés bekövetkezésének
kisebb a valószínűsége.
Q Pete might turn up at the party, but that's not very likely. - Még
az is lehet, hogy Péter beugrik a buliba, de nem túl valószínű.
A zárójelbe tett kifejezések felhasználásával írjon

11 mondatokat arról, mi történhet ebben a helyzetben!
Használjon tagadó alakokat, ahol szükséges!
Make speculations about the following situations using the
clues in brackets. Use the negative form where necessary.
Q Someone is knocking at the door.

(not Peter) It can't be Peter.
(postman) It must be the postman.
(your son's friend) It may be your son's friend.
1. Mrs Parker wears something green every day.

(like green)
(her lucky colour)
2. Rick has just bought his wife a diamond ring,

(rich)
(love her a lot)
129
3. How old do you think my PE teacher is?

(around 35)
(not more than 40)
4. Why is Ms Lewis so angry?

(have to work overtime)
(not be happy about what you said)
5. Jim knows all about ancient Greek gods,

(read a lot)
(have a good memory)
2 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a must/can't/may/might/may

not segédigék egyikével!
G Complete the sentences with the modals: must/can't/mayl
might/may not.
1. Don't go too near that dog. I t ............................ bite.
2. The lights are on in the house. They............................ be at home.
3. She leaves the onions on the side of her plate. She
............................ like onions.
4. "What time is it?" "Well, we came at seven, and I'm sure we've been
here for at least an hour. So i t ................be around eight o'clock."
5. "We live in a small town." "That........................ be very dull for your
kids." "It isn't at all. You can't imagine how much fun they have."
6. "What's that noise on the roof?" " It ............................ be a bird."
"No, it ............................ be a bird. Birds don't run across the roof."
7. "Someone told me that Jane is getting married." "You're kidding.
Th a t............................ be true."
130
8. Phil has just phoned and said that he's in a traffic jam and he
............................ be a couple of minutes late.
9. Steve ............................. be at the doctor's. Yesterday he
complained about a bad stomach-ache.
10. "Why isn't Sam coming to the cinema with us?" "I'm not sure but
h e ............................ have any money left."
11. "Are you going to invite your ex-boyfriend to the party?" "I'm not
sure yet, I .............................. "
12. "Where are you planning to go on holiday next summer?" "Well,
we haven't decided yet, but w e ............................ go to Scotland."
13. Michael Schumacher............................ win this race, he's only on
the forth place three laps before the end.
14. You've been driving all day. Y o u ............................ be exhausted.
15. "Why is Ann staying in her room alone?" "I don't know. She
............................ want to talk to anyone."
Módbeli segédige felhasználásával fejezze be a mondatokat!

Rewrite each sentence using a modal verb.
Ü
1. It's possible that our guests from Canada arrive late.
Our guests from Canada...................................................................
2. I think it would be a good idea to go and see a specialist.
I think y o u .........................................................................................
3. I'm sure there are a lot of visitors here in the summer.
There..................................................................................................
4. It's forbidden to park here.
Y o u .....................................................................................................
5. Perhaps Mum is in the garden.
M um ..................................................................................................
6. I'm sure waiters are always very busy in this restaurant.
Waiters..............................................................................................
131
7. In Hungary it's necessary for every child between the age of 7 and
16 to go to school.
Every child between..........................................................................
8. I tried to phone you in the office but it was impossible for me to
get through.
I tried to phone you in the office but I .............................................
9. It wasn't necessary for me to work long hours.
I ..........................................................................................................
10. I'm sure they aren't abroad.
They...................................................................................................
11. Lisa is very good at dancing.
Lisa.....................................................................................................
12.1 insist that you help your father.
You.....................................................................................................
13. There's a chance that you'll need some help to finish the work.
You.....................................................................................................
14. I'm unable to remember the name of my first teacher.
15.1 managed to run the ten-mile distance, though I felt very tired
halfway through the race.
I ..........................................................................................................
16. It isn't a good idea to leave now.
You.....................................................................................................
17. They taught him to read and write at the age of five.
H e ......................................................................................................
18. David knows how to ride a horse.
David.................................................................................................
19. I'm absolutely sure that the result is not correct.
The result...........................................................................................
20. It isn't necessary for her to decide immediately.
She.....................................................................................................
132
Tenses - Ige id ő k
9. Tenses - Igeidők
I. Present Simple - Egyszerű jelen idő
Q Képzése
1. állító alak
az ige szótári alakja
Q / like tea with milk. - Szeretem a teát tejjel.
egyes szám 3. személyben az ige-s ragot kap

az -s, -eh, -sh, -x végű igéken a rag -es
Q She likes tea with milk. - Szereti a teát tejjel.
She teaches English. - Angolt tanít.
Q Egyéb helyesírási tudnivalókról lásd a többes számnál tanultakat!
2. tagadó alak
alany + do not + főnévi igenév
egyes szám 3. sz. alany + does not + főnévi igenév
A segédigét a beszélt nyelvben általában összevont alakban

használjuk:
do not = don't
does not = doesn't
Q / don't like tea with milk. - Nem szeretem a teát tejjel.
She doesn't like tea with milk. - Nem szereti a teát tejjel.
3. kérdő alak
A kérdő mondat szórendje az angolban mindig a következő:
(kérdőszó) + segédige + alany + az állítmány többi része
133
Tenses - Igeid ő k
Ebben az igeidőben:
(kérdőszó) + do /does + alany + főnévi igenév
Eldöntendő kérdés Rövid válasz

Do you like tea? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
Does she like tea? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
Kiegészítendő kérdés (tehát amelyikben van kérdőszó)

What do you like? - Mit szeretsz?
What does she like? - Mit szeret?
O Figyelem!
Alanyra kérdezés esetén nem használom a do/does segédigét.
Q Who likes tea with milk? - Ki szereti a teát tejjel?
Az alábbi egyszerű mondatra a következő kérdések tehetők fel:

Peter loves Kate. - Péter szereti Katit.
Kérdés Válasz
Does Peter love Kate? (Szereti Péter Katit?) Yes, he does.
Who does Peter love? (Kit szeret Péter?) He loves Kate.
Who loves Kate? (Ki szereti Katit?) Peter does.
Q Használata
1. jelenben végbemenő, szokásos, ismétlődő cselekvés kifejezésére

63 We live in Szeged. - Szegeden lakunk.
They get up early on weekdays. - Hétköznap korán kelnek.
He smokes a lot. - Sokat dohányzik.
134
2. általános érvényű kijelentésekre vagy igazságokra

Q The sun rises in the east. - A nap keleten kel fel.
3. menetrendben, útitervben rögzített cselekvések kifejezésére

Q My train leaves at 6:25 tomorrow morning. - Holnap reggel 6.25-
kor indul a vonatom.
Tagadja az alábbi mondatokat!

1 Make negative sentences.
1. My father drives a Rolls Royce.
2. English children open their Xmas presents on Christmas Eve.
3. My younger brother speaks French.
4. Our lessons start at 7 o'clock in the morning.
5. I want to be an engineer.
6. We spend our holidays abroad.
7. I read my emails every day.
8. My teacher wants to take us to the zoo.
9. It often snows in London in winter.
10. Clothes tell us a lot about the person wearing them.
135
Tenses - Igeidők
Adja meg a zárójelbe tett igék megfelelő - egyszerű jelen

, idejű, állító, kérdő vagy tagadó - alakját!
Give the right present simple form of the verbs in brackets:
affirmative, interrogative or negative.
1. It never (snow)................................. in Africa.

2. (Sam/ live).................................in that house?
3. Jane (play).................................football very well.
4. My grandparents (not live)................................. in the same city
as we do.
5. What (you/want).................................to buy?
6. Sonia (look)................................. like her sister.
7. Everybody (get)................................. good grades in this group.
8. (bus No. 2 / stop)...................... .......... here?
9. Jennifer and her family really (hate)..........................watching TV.
10. They (sell)...............................very good coffee in this shop.
Q Gyakran használjuk az egyszerű jelen időt gyakoriságot kifejező

határozószókkal:
1. always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely

Ezek a szavak állító mondatokban az alany és az állítmány között
állnak.
Q She usually walks to work. - Rendszerint gyalog jár dolgozni.
Kérdő és tagadó mondatokban a főnévi igenév előtt állnak.

Q /don't always arrive on time. - Nem mindig szoktam pontosan érkezni.
Do you often watch television? - Gyakran nézel tévét?
2. ever/never
ever-kérdő mondatban használatos („szoktál-e valaha" jelentésben)
136
Q Do you ever do the washing-up after lunch? - Ebéd után szoktál-e

mosogatni? / Van úgy, hogy te mosogatsz ebéd után?
never - tagadó értelmű, („soha" jelentésben)

Mivel az angolban nincs kettős tagadás, utána állító alakú állítmány áll.
Q / never read science fiction. - Soha nem olvasok tudományos
fantasztikus könyveket.
3. Egyéb időhatározók vagy a mondat legelején vagy a végén állnak.

Q At weekends Sue usually goes to see her grandparents.
Sue often goes to see her grandparents at weekends. - Hétvé
genként Zsuzsa gyakran meglátogatja a nagyszüleit.
Tegye a szavakat megfelelő sorrendbe!

3 Rearrange the words to make sentences.
1. ever / 6 o'clock / you / before / do / get up?
2. the / we / theatre / often / go / to
3. does / homework / Patrick / his / never
4. Austria / we / summer / to / go / in / usually
5. you / what time / bed / usually / to / go / do ?
6. tie / at / always / Mr Baker / wears / work / a
7. don't / ever / to / you / write / why / him?
137
Tenses - Igeidők
8. afternoon / tennis / every / we / Friday / play
9. at / shopping / she / always / the / lunchtime / does
10.do / your / birthday / remember / you / always / girlfriend's?
Tegyen fel kérdéseket az aláhúzott mondatrészekre!

4 Ask questions about the underlined part of the sentence.
1. Jerry wants to be a professional tennis player.
2. These football boots belong to mv brother.
3. We live about three miles away.
4. I like this postcard.
5. He arrives at school at 7.25 every day.
6. I do the shopping in mv family.
7. Mv aunt is a nurse.
8. They usually meet outside the cinema.
9. Kate goes jogging twice a week.
10. Sam doesn't like action films.
138
II. Present Continuous - Folyamatos jelen idő
Q Képzése
A to be létigejelen idejű ragozott alakja + az ige-ing végződésű alakja.
1. állító alak
Q He is (He's) reading a magazine. - Folyóiratot olvas éppen.
We are (We're) watching TV. - Tévét nézünk.
2. tagadó alak
Q He is not (isn't) reading a magazine. - Ő nem olvas folyóiratot éppen.
We are not (aren't) watching TV. - Éppen nem nézünk tévét.
3. kérdő alak
Q Is he reading a magazine? Yes, he is. / No, he isn't. - Folyóiratot
olvas? Igen. / Nem.
What is he reading? - Mit olvas?
Are you watching TV? Yes, we are. / No, we aren't. - Tévét néztek?
Igen. / Nem.
What are you watching? - Mit néztek?
Az -in g végződésű alak helyesírása:
1. a szóvégi mássalhangzó megkettőződik

a) az egy szótagú, egy magánhangzót tartalmazó és egy mással
hangzóra végződő szavakban
get - getting
stop - stopping
b) a két szótagú szavakban, ha a hangsúly a második szótagra esik

begin - beginning
139
Tenses - Igeid ő k
c) a brit angolban a szóvégi -I

travel - travelling
(amerikai angolban: traveling)
2. a szóvégi néma -e kiesik

come - coming
dance - dancing
3. az -ie végű igék esetén ie -> y

lie - lying
Q Használata
1. A beszéd pillanatában történő cselekvés kifejezésére (tehát „valaki

éppen most csinál valamit").
Gyakran nyomatékosítjuk időhatározóval: now, at present, at the
moment.
Q They aren't listening. - Nem figyelnek.
Ben is doing his homework. - Ben a leckéjét csinálja éppen.
It's raining. - Esik.
2. Olyan cselekvés kifejezésére, melyet ebben a pillanatban épp nem

csinálok, de mostanában igen, erre az időszakra jellemző cselekvés.
Q I'm reading a book by Jane Austen. - Egy Jane Austen-könyvet olvasok.
Rita is learning to drive. - Rita vezetni tanul.
3. Tervezett, közeli jövőben bekövetkező cselekvés kifejezésére, ha a

mondatban van jövőre utaló időhatározó.
Q We're doing the shopping this afternoon. - Ma délután vásárolni
fogunk.
4. Ha azt akarjuk hangsúlyozni, hogy a szokásostól eltérően cselekszünk.

140
Tenses - Igeid ő k
S My mother usually drives me to school', but this week I'm going by

bus as she's away. - Rendszerint anyukám visz iskolába kocsival,
de ezen a héten busszal megyek, mert ő elutazott.
Használja a zárójelben lévő igéket folyamatos jelenben!

Use the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple.
1. Peter (play)............................. computer games at the moment.

2. Jane (swim)............................. in the pool.
3. Everybody in the dorm (study)......................... for the History exam.
4. Our neighbours (pack) .............................. as they (move)
............................. to Australia.
5. Jenny, you (sit)............................. at my desk.
6. Sorry, I can't go now. I (write)............................. my speech.
7. Who (play)............................. the piano next door?
8. What (happen)......................... ? Why (we/ stop).......................... ?
9. We (not study)............................. Chemistry at school this term.
10. The police (still / look fo r)............................. the robbers.
11 .The wind (blow )............................. very heavily now.
12. It's very cold outside. I think it (freeze)...............................
13. "What is this smell?" "Mum (make)............................. a cake in the
kitchen."
14. Why (you / d ig )............................. a hole in the garden?
15. Now I (begin)......................to understand the English tense system.
Használja a zárójelbe tett igéket a megfelelő igeidőben:

6 egyszerű vagy folyamatos jelenben!
Use the verbs in brackets in the right tense: Present Simple or
Present Continuous.
1. I (wear) .............. glasses, that's why I (usually / sit)

at the front of the class.
141
Tenses - Igeid ő k
2. Can you stop talking? I (watch)............................. an interesting

programme on TV.
3. When Peter (finish).........................lunch, he (leave)..........................
the dirty dishes on the table.
4. This letter is not ready yet. I (still / write)............................. it.
5. (you / usually/dream)............................. at night?
6. Although he has a French surname he (not/come)..........................
from France and (not even / speak)............................. French.
7. Our dog (hate)............................. cats.
8. Banks (not / open)............................. on Sundays.
9. I (plan)............................. a surprise party for Ann. Can you help?
10. Can you answer the phone? I (clean)..............................the fish
tank and my hands are wet.
11 .When I (look)............................. out of my bedroom window I can
see a park.
12. Now some little boys (play)............................. football.
13. I'll be ready in a minute. I (just / brush)............................. my hair.
14. My car is very old but it (never / break dow n)................................
15. Listen to that noise. What (happen)............................. out there?
Állapotot kifejező igék
Vannak olyan igék, amelyeket elsődleges jelentésükben nem használunk

folyamatos jelen időben. Ezek az igék állapotot fejeznek ki, az általuk
kifejezett cselekvést nem lehet folyamatosan végezni. Ide tartoznak:
1. érzékelést jelentő igék

hear, smell (valamilyen illatot áraszt), see, taste (valamilyen ízű),
look/appear (valamilyennek látszik)
2. érzelmi viszonyt kifejezők

like, love, hate/dislike, want, wish, prefer
142
Tenses - Ige id ő k E
3. szellemi tevékenység eredményét jelentő igék

remember, forget, think, know, understand, believe
4. birtoklást kifejező igék

have, own (birtokol), belong to (valakié, valakihez tartozik)
5. egyebek
exist (létezik), cost (valamennyibe kerül), depend on (függ
valamitől), need (szüksége van valamire), mean (jelent)
A fenti igék egy részének azonban aktív jelentése is van. Ilyenkor

természetesen használhatjuk folyamatos alakban is.
look - „néz" jelentésben

Q What are you looking at? - Mit nézel?
Q She looks sad. - Szomorúnak látszik.
smell - „megszagol" jelentésben

Q Why are you smelling this meat? - Miért szagolgatod azt a hús?
Q It smells delicious. - Nagyon finom illata van.
taste - „megkóstol" jelentésben

Q She's not eating yet, she's just tasting the soup. - Még nem eszik,
csak a levest kóstolja meg.
O It tastes sour. - Savanyú (ízű).
think - „gondolkodik, gondol valamire" jelentésben

Q What are you thinking about? - Mire gondolsz?
O I think it's too expensive. - Szerintem (az a véleményem, hogy) túl drága.
have - az alábbi kifejezésekben nem birtoklást fejez ki

have a shower / a cigarette / a rest / a cup of coffee
143
Tenses - Igeid ő k
Q She can't talk to you now. She's having a shower. - Most nem tud
veled beszélni. Éppen zuhanyozik.
Q / have a younger brother - Van egy öcsém.
7 Az alábbi mondatok egy részében rosszul használtuk az

igeidőt. Javítsa ki a hibás mondatokat!
In some sentences the verb form is not correct. Correct the
mistakes.
1. He studies for his exam right now.

2. This cake is tasting delicious.
3. At the end of the film they finally fall in love.
4. Why are you leaving? Don't you enjoy the party?
5. Many people aren't believing in the future.
6. David is a painter and decorator. He works in a hotel lobby now.
7. What are you seeing at the end of the corridor?
8. Does your sister like what she is doing?
9. James is growing a beard now.
10. She's smelling everything before starting to eat.
Használja a megfelelő igeidőt: egyszerű vagy folyamatos jelen!

8 Use the right tense: Present Simple or Present Continuous.
1 . The kids (have) ........................... cornflakes for breakfast

every morning.
2. Hurry up. The taxi (wait)............... ..........for us.
3. Let's go home. It (get).................. ......late.
4. Those yellow roses (smell)............ ............ lovely.
5. How often (you / have)................. ....... parties?
6. My grandma (come)..................... . to see us this weekend.
7. Please be quiet. Your father (have) ..........................a rest.
144
8. The British (not usually / drink) .................................... tea with

lemon but with milk.
9. My parents are in Spain now. They (have)................. a great time.
10.1 (not / understand) .................................... Chemistry at all and
tomorrow we (write)................................... a test!
11.What is that smell? I (think) .................................... something
(burn)....................................in the kitchen.
12.1(g o )....................................out to get a newspaper, (you / need)
....................................anything?
13. What (this word / mean)................................... ?
14. How many French lessons (you / have) .................................... a
week? How (you / get o n )................................... ?
15. Don't wait for her. She (not/come)....................................with us.
Az angol igék három alakja
1 . alak: az ige szótári alakja

2. alak: a múlt idő
3. alak: befejezett melléknévi igenév
A szabályos igék 2. és 3. alakját -ed hozzáadásával képezzük.

start - started - started
A szabályos alak helyesírása
1. A szóvégi néma-e kiesik.

like - liked - liked
hate - hated - hated
2. Az egy szótagú, egy rövid magánhangzót tartalmazó, egy mással

hangzóra végződő szavakban a szóvégi mássalhangzó megkettőződik.
stop - stopped - stopped
145
Te n se s - Ig e id ő k
Ugyanez a szabály érvényes azokra a több szótagú szavakra,

amelyekben az utolsó, hangsúlyos szótagban van egy magán
hangzó és egy szóvégi mássalhangzó.
prefer - preferred - preferred
A brit angolban a szóvégi -I megkettőződik.

travel - travelled - travelled
3. A mássalhangzó után álló y —> i-re változik.

carry - carried - carried
Q play - played - played
Q A rendhagyó igék esetén ilyen szabályszerűség nincs, minden

alakot külön meg kell tanulni.
go - went - gone
run - ran - run
think - thought - thought
cost - cost - cost
9 Adja meg a hiányzó alakokat!

Give the missing forms.
Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle

1. run ...............................................................
2 ............................ rose ........................
3 ................................................................... made
4 ........................... felt ........................
5. lie (fekszik) ...............................................................
6 ................................................................... left
7 ......................... ......................................... rung
8 ........................... drove ........................
9 ........................... flew ........................
146
10. meet ..................................................

11.................................................................... stolen
12. teach ..................................................
13 ......................... hurt ..........
14 ................................................................. seen
15 ......................... took ..........
16 ................................................................. worn
17. shine .................................................
18. break .................................................
19 ......................... ate ..........
20 ................................................................. ridden
21.cost .................................................
22 ......................... froze ..........
23 ................................................................. grown
24 ......................... hid ..........
25. shoot .................................................
26. lay .................................................
27 ......................... spent ..........
28 ................................................................. stood
29.think .................................................
30............................ fed ..........
III. Simple Past - Egyszerű múlt idő
Q Képzése
1. állító alak: az ige múlt idejű ( azaz 2.) alakja

S / went to the cinema yesterday. - Tegnap moziba mentem.
2. tagadó alak: did segédigével

alany + did not (didn't) + főnévi igenév „to" nélkül
Q / didn 't go to the cinema yesterday. - Nem mentem tegnap moziba.
147
Te n ses - Ig e id ő k
3. kérdő alak
(kérdőszó +) did + alany + főnévi igenév „to" nélkül
Q Did you go to the cinema yesterday? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. -
Elmentél tegnap moziba? Igen. / Nem.
Where did you go yesterday? - Hova mentél tegnap?
O Alanyra kérdezés esetén nem használjuk a did segédigét.

Q Who went to the cinema yesterday? - Ki ment moziba tegnap?
Q Használata
1. Olyan, a múltban lezajlott cselekvést jelöl, melynek a jelennel nincs

kapcsolata. A mondatban gyakran múlt időre utaló időhatározó áll.
yesterday
last week/month/year
in 1990
Q Donna visited her relatives in the USA last summer. - Donna tavaly
nyáron meglátogatta a rokonait az USA-ban.
2. Múltbeli, szokásos, ismétlődő cselekvés kifejezésére szolgál.

Q She woke up every night at 2 o'clock till the age of three. - Három
éves koráig minden éjszaka 2-kor felébredt.
Az alábbi egy amerikai tinédzser tipikus napja volt 15

évvel ezelőtt. Tegye a megadott igéket múlt időbe!
This is an account of a typical day for an American teenager
15 years ago. Use the verbs in brackets in the past.
This is what a day (1. be) ............................. like when I (2. be)
......................a teenager. My mom and dad (3. get u p ).........................
at 6.30, and Mom (4. make).............................breakfast for all of us.
148
My brother Tom and I (5. get up) ............................... at 7.00. We

(6. be) .............................. lucky, because the school bus (7. stop)
.........................right outside our door. We (8. leave)............................
the house when we (9. see).............................it coming around the
corner. That (10. b e )......................... at eight o'clock. Our school day
(11. start) .............................. at half past eight, and we (12. eat)
.............................. lunch at school, too - at 12 o'clock. Lessons
(13. finish)......................... at half past three, but we (14. not/usually
/ ge t)..............................home until 5.00 because Tom and I (15. stay)
.............................at school to do sport and music after lessons. Dad
(16. leave)...................... for work at 7.30 and (17. get).......................
home after 6.00. My mom (18. not / work)...............................We all
(19. eat).............................dinner together at about half past seven.
Then we (20. do) ............................. the homework, (21. watch)
........................ television or (22. read).......................until bedtime.
(Elizabeth Sharman: Across Cultures)
IV. Past Continuous - Folyamatos múlt idő
Q Képzése
A to be létige múlt idejű alakja és az ige -ing végződésű alakja.
1. állító alak
Q At 7 o'clock I was watching TV. - 7 órakor éppen tévét néztem.
2. tagadó alak: a létigét tagadjuk
Q Sorry. What did you say? I wasn't listening. - Elnézést. Mit
mondtál? Nem figyeltem.
3. kérdő alak
Q Were they playing football all afternoon ? - Egész délután fociztak?
149
Q Használata
Olyan cselekvés kifejezésére szolgál, mely:
1. A múlt egy meghatározott pillanatában folyamatban volt.

Q At 5 o'clock yesterday afternoon we were driving home from
Budapest. - Tegnap délután 5-kor éppen hazafelé tartottunk
Budapestről.
2. A múltban hosszú ideig folyamatban volt.

Q / was reading all last night. - Egész éjjel olvastam.
3. Éppen folyamatban volt, amikor egy másik megtörtént.

A másik cselekvést egyszerű múlt idővel jelöljük. Általában when
kötőszóval kapcsoljuk a mondathoz.
O We were having lunch when she came. - Éppen ebédeltünk; amikor

megjött.
I was walking home when I saw an accident. - Éppen hazafelé
sétáltam, amikor láttam egy balesetet.
4. Párhuzamosan folyik egy másik cselekvéssel. Ilyenkor mindkét

cselekvést folyamatos múlt idővel fejezzük ki, és while kötőszóval
kapcsoljuk össze.
Q While my mum was preparing lunch, my dad was cutting the grass
in the garden. - Amíg anyukám ebédet főzött, apukám füvet nyírt
a kertben.
2001. szept. 11-én 8.53-kor egy repülőgép beleütközött a

Világkereskedelmi Központ egyik tornyába New Yorkban.
Az információkat felhasználva mondja el, mit csináltak a
világ különböző tájain abban a pillanatban az emberek!
150
At 8.53 on September 11, 2001 an airplane crashed into

one of the towers of the World Trade Center in New York.
Using the clues given, say what the people in different
parts of the world were doing at that moment.
When the airplane crashed in the tower o f the World
Trade Center...
Q Nicolas in Nuuk, Greenland / fish

Nicolas in Nuuk, Greenland was fishing.
1. Amanda in London, Great-Britain / learn to play golf
2. Zita in Zenta, Serbia / celebrate the birthday of her village
3. Zsófi in Szeged, Hungary / drive home in her father's car
4. Wendy and her family in Oakland, California / get up
5. Sergei and his friends in Moscow, Russia / play football
6. Jose in Brasilia, Brazil / go to his office
7. Sheena in New Delhi, India / have dinner
8. Vong in Saigon, Vietnam / watch TV
9. Takoma in Tokyo, Japan / go to bed
10. Martin and Janet in Sydney, Australia / sleep
1
12 Tegye a zárójelben levő igéket a megfelelő múlt időbe!

Use the verbs in brackets in the right past tense.
We (lose)............................ our first match this season.

Where (you / b e )................. last night? I (try).............. to call you
at half past nine but you (not / answer)..................... the phone.
3. I (send).....................an email of complaint to the manager of the
hypermarket and they (answer)............................ it immediately.
4. David (play) ............................... tennis with his coach when it
(start)............................ to rain.
The boy (fall off) ....................................... his bike when a car
(stop)............................ right in front of him.
6 . David (hurt).....................his leg when he (run)..............................
down the street.
My brother (pick)............................ up the nuts from the ground
in the garden while I (paint)............................ the fence.
8 . What (you / d o )........................ when you (cut)..............................
your little finger?
9. Simon (give)............................ an oral report to the teacher while
some other students (write)............................ a test at the back
of the classroom.
10. She (not / go) ............................ to bed on Tuesday night. She
(revise)............................ for her exam the next morning.
11. The fire alarm (go off) ....................... when the board of
directors (have)............................ a meeting.
12. Jill (feed) .......................... the neighbour's cats when they
(arrive)............................ home from their holiday.
13. As Jenny (drink).................. a glass of orange juice, someone (knock)
.....................her and she (spill)......................... it all over her blouse.
14. Last night we (go )............................. to a concert, but we (arrive)
................................. late. The orchestra (play).......................... . so
we (have t o )........................ wait outside for a while.
152
15. My sister (have) ............................. her driving test yesterday. It

(be)........................ a hard job as it (rain)...................... heavily.
16. I'm sorry I (not b e)................at home when you (call)................. I
(help).....................my friend with his Maths homework.
17. This time last week we (ski)..........................in Austria.
18. It (be)................. beautiful yesterday when we (g o ).......................
for a walk in the park. The sun (shine) ..................... and a cool
breeze (blow)..............................
19. While grandma (read) ...................... a bedtime story for her
grandson, he (fall)............. asleep. She (close)..........................the
book and (leave)........................ the room very quietly.
20. "John, (you / hear)................. what I just (say).........................?"
"No, I'm sorry, I (not listen)......................."
V. Present Perfect - Befejezett jelen idő
Q Képzése
A have/has (egyes szám 3. sz.) + az ige 3. alakja.
1. állító alak
Q / have (I've) done my homework. - Megcsináltam a leckém.
2. tagadó alak
G / have not (haven't) read her latest novel. - A legújabb regényét
nem olvastam.
3. kérdő alak
G Has she left? - Elment?
153
Q Használata
1. Olyan cselekvést jelöl, amely a múltban lezajlott valamikor, de

eredménye a jelenben van.
B Someone has closed the window. (So the window is closed now) -
Valaki becsukta az ablakot. (Tehát az ablak most zárva van.)
Mary has cleaned the blackboard. - Mari letörölte a táblát. (Tehát
most tiszta.)
2. Amikor a cselekvés a múltban kezdődött, és a jelen pillanatáig

tartott.
Nyomatékosításra a just határozószót használjuk.
B I've ju st sent an email to my friend in Poland. - Épp most küldtem
egy e-mailt a barátomnak Lengyelországba.
My mum has just left home. - Anyukám épp most ment el itthonról.
3. Tagadó mondattal olyan cselekvést jelölünk, mely még nem történt

meg, de még bekövetkezhet.
B / haven't been to Australia. - Még nem jártam Ausztráliában.
O Queen Victoria never went to Australia. - Viktória királynő soha
nem járt Ausztráliában. (Ő már nem is fog.)
4. A múltban elkezdődött, de a jelenben is tartó cselekvést is

jelölhetünk vele. Ebben az esetben megadjuk azt is, hogy mióta
vagy mennyi ideje tart a cselekvés.
B / have lived in Szeged all my life. - Egész életemben Szegeden éltem.
They have known each other for years. - Hosszú évek óta ismerik
egymást.
Ezeket a mondatokat általában jelen idővel fordítjuk magyarra,

hiszen a cselekvés még tart.
154
A befejezett jelen idejű mondatokban leggyakrabban előforduló

időhatározók:
1. already
Állító mondatban a jelentése: már.
Q I've already been there. - Én már jártam ott.
Some students have already read the book. - Néhány diák már
elolvasta a könyvet.
2. yet
Kérdő mondatban a jelentése : már.
Q Have you read this book yet? - Olvastad már ezt a könyvet?
Tagadó mondatban a jelentése : még.

Q / haven't read this book yet. - Én még nem olvastam ezt a könyvet.
3. ever
Kérdő mondatban a jelentése: valaha.
Q Have you ever been abroad? - Jártál valaha külföldön?
4. never = n o t... yet

Q She's never been abroad. = She hasn't been abroad yet. - Még
nem járt külföldön.
5. for + időtartam - azt jelöli, mennyi ideje tart a cselekvés

for a long time - régóta
for 10 minutes - tíz perce
Q She's studied English only for a year. - Csak egy éve tanul angolul.
since + időpont - azt jelöli, mióta tart a cselekvés

since last week - a múlt hét óta
since 2000 - 2000 óta
155
Tenses - Igeid ő k
Q She's studied English since September. - Szeptember óta tanul

angolul.
I haven't seen him since he came to my birthday. - Nem láttam
a születésnapom óta.
A how long kérdőszóval kérdezünk arra, hogy mennyi ideje vagy mióta
tart a cselekvés.
Q How long have you lived in this city? - Mennyi ideje laksz ebben a
városban?
6. Olyan időhatározó-szók, melyek azt fejezik ki, hogy a cselekvésnek

a jelennel van kapcsolata (még tart az az idő)
today - ma
this morning - ma délelőtt (ha még délelőtt van)
lately/recently - mostanában
Q I've written six pages of my essay this morning. - Ma délelőtt hat

oldalt megírtam a dolgozatomból.
O / wrote six pages of my essay this morning. - Ma délelőtt hat oldalt
megírtam a dolgozatomból. (Amikor ezt mondjuk, már este van.)
^ Tegye a zárójelbe tett igéket befejezett jelen időbe!

1 >■ ? Give the Present Perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
1. „You (break) ....................................your arm, young man", the

doctor told Peter.
2. Sheila (lose)....................................her parents at the department
store and now she's crying.
3. I (see) .................................... The Lord of the Rings five times.
That's my favourite film.
4. I (never/tell).................................................... a lie.
5. (you / ever / fly )....................................................?
156
6. Brigit (spend)............................. all her money. Now she's broke.

7. Mary (not / meet)............................ her daughter's boyfriend yet.
8. (your brother / marry).........................................his girlfriend yet?
9. The baby's crying. Jill (not feed).........................................her yet.
10. (you / tell)................................... your parents the good news yet?
11. My cousin (always / want) .................................. to become an
archaeologist.
12. Our guests (already/arrive)....................................but we (not lay)
....................................the table yet.
13. This is the most boring programme I (ever / see).........................
14. We (finish)....................................painting the kitchen.
15. The Browns aren't our neighbours any more. They (move)
....................................into a new apartment.
16. Arden is American but she (learn)................. to speak Hungarian
since she came 8 years ago.
17. My teacher (like)...................... cowboy films since he was a child.
18. Naomi is from Africa. She (never/ see)....................................snow.
19.1 should buy a pair of shoes. I (have)..................................this for
three years.
20. I'm sorry, but Miss James is not here. She (already / go)
........................... ................home.
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megadott igék befejezett

jelen idejű alakjával!
Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Tense
form of the right word from the list.
decide eat invite live make

miss ride ring speak start
1. Imagine, sh e ....................................six hamburgers.

2. Don't go in. The performance (already)....................
157
Tenses - Igeid ő k
3. Why are you still here? (you)....................................the bus?

4. Peter (finally)....................................to apply for university.
5. I (not)....................................to your teacher. I'm sorry, I couldn't
reach him on the phone.
6. I think you should read this composition again. Y o u .....................
several spelling mistakes.
7. Don't tell me you'll have to work at the weekend. I (just)
....................................some friends for lunch on Saturday.
8. The telephone....................................four times in the last hour.
9. My grandparents................................... in the same house for over
forty years.
10. This is the first time I ................................. a horse.
Tegyen föl két kérdést az alábbi mondatok mindegyikére

a zárójelben megadott szavakat felhasználva!
Ask two questions about each sentence using the words
in bracket.
Q I know my sister's boyfriend.

(how long) How long have you known him?
(when / meet) When did you meet him?
1. Kevin has a beard.

(how long?)...................................................
(when / start to grow )..................................
2. Maria's in love with Bob.
(how long).....................................................
(when/fall in love)........................................
3. I've got a car.
(how long)......................................................
(when / buy)..................................................
158
4. James smokes.
(how long)......................
(when / start smoking) ....
5. Julia and Tim are married.
(how long)......................
(when/get married).......
16 Egészítse ki a kifejezéseket a megfelelő for vagy since

elöljárószóval!
Complete the phrases with the right preposition: for or since.
1 ........ 1970 10...............the ski break

2 .............. several years 11...............hours
3 .............. the beginning of the summer
4 ..............a week 12...............May
5 ............. my brother was born 13................the last minutes of the
6 .................half a minute show
7 ..............noon 14...............hundreds of years
8 ..............ages 15...............their wedding
9 .................last winter
7 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megfelelő for vagy since

elöljárószóval!
Fill in the gaps with the right preposition: for or since.
1 . We haven't heard from Jenny....... she went to work in Sweden.

2. I haven't had time to go swimming ........ more than three weeks.
3. He has worked in this factory........ ......... he left school.
4. My uncle's hair has got greyer...... ...........some time now.
5. Your English has improved a lo t.... ......... I started to teach you.
6 . Uncle Jack has had a car ever........ ........ he was seventeen.
159
Tenses - Igeid ő k
7. We haven't seen our friends................... a month now.

8....................... you last visited us the kids have changed a lot.
9. John has been fast asleep................... three hours now.
10. I've been very busy ................... the last couple of weeks.
Tegye az igéket a megfelelő igeidőbe (egyszerű múlt vagy

8 befejezett jelen)!
Use the verbs in the right tense (Simple Past or Present
Perfect).
1. What (you / have).................................for breakfast this morning?

2. (you / have).................................. lunch yet?
3. When was the last time you two (meet).......................................?
4. Terry (fail)....................................his Biology exam last term.
5. I'm starving. I (not eat)................................... anything all day.
6. Jane (not water)................................... the plants for two weeks.
7. I (get)........................ a nice leather jacket for Christmas last year.
8. (you / ever / try)................................... Chinese food?
9. He (clim b)................................... Mount Blanc.
10. My son (have)................................... this skateboard for a week. He
(get)....................................it for his birthday.
11 .We're late again. My parents' plane (already/ land).......................
12. Who (w in)................................... the World Cup last time?
13. Farmers' markets (recently/become)..............................popular
again in the rural areas in England.
14. After her husband's death Queen Victoria (suffer).........................
a terrible depression and she (not perform)....................................
any national duty for several years.
15. My aunt (already / b e)....................................to Russia, but it (be)
....................................a long time ago.
160
16. When I was at university, I .................. (know) your brother well.

17.1 (lose).................................. my wallet. Can you help me find it?
18. Someone (steal)........................ my bike. I (leave)..........................
it here an hour ago, and now it's not here.
19. Don't put the butter in the fridge yet. I (finish)................................
breakfast yet.
20. We (buy)................................... new furniture for the living-room.
Would you like to see it?
Tegye a zárójeles kifejezéseket a mondatokba, és végezze

19 el a szükséges változtatásokat!
Put the phrases in brackets in the sentences and make
the necessary changes.
1. We're on the beach now. (for more than an hour)
2. They live in Kings Road, (since their son was born)
3. Diana has failed her exam, (never)
4. I've seen George, (a couple of minutes ago)
5. Tom has made up his mind, (not yet)
6. Anna has read a book in English? (ever?)
7. It's stopped raining, (when?)
8. Martin has already found a good job. (yet?)
161
9. I haven't been abroad for a while, (how long?)
10.They are engaged, (how long?)
VI. Expressing the future - Jövő idő kifejezése
1. will segédigével
will + főnévi igenév 'to' nélkül
(Egyes és többes szám első személyben shall is használható.)
Személyes névmás után leggyakrabban összevont alakban áll:

NI, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, they'll
Tagadás: will not = won't
Q Használata
a) Amikor a jövő idejű cselekvés bekövetkezése a beszélő

véleménye, feltételezése vagy következtetése.
Q / think it'll rain tomorrow. - Szerintem holnap esni fog.
I don't suppose they'll be very happy about it. - Nem hiszem,
hogy nagyon fognak neki örülni.
b) A beszéd pillanatában meghozott döntés kifejezésére.

Q Pl. a tanáraz órán közli, hogy nincs kréta, mire egy diák azt mondja:
Ok, I'll bring some. - Majd én hozok.
I'll do the shopping for you if you wish. - Én elintézem a
bevásárlást helyetted, ha akarod.
162
c) Állító alakban ígéretet, tagadóban visszautasítást is jelölhet.

Q I'll pay you next week. - A jövő héten fizetek.
"Would you like a drink?" - „Kérsz inni?" —> "I won't have
anything, thanks." - „Nem iszom semmit, köszönöm."
d) Kérdő mondatban 2. személyű alannyal udvarias kérést fejez ki.

Q Will you do me a favour? - Tennél nekem egy szívességet?
Will you come here? - Légy szíves, gyere ide!
e) Feltételes jelentéstartalmú mondatok (First Conditional) főmon

datában.
Q We'll go to the beach if it's fine tomorrow. - Kimegyünk a
strandra, ha jó idő lesz holnap.
O Bővebben lásd a Feltételes mód című fejezetben!
Tegye ki a mondatba illő will vagy won't alakot!

Use the form of will or won't that fits in the sentence.
1. Tom needs a mechanic. His c a r.....................start.

2. I'm sure Mary............. enjoy the party. All her friends will be there.
3. Don't worry. There.....................be any problems with the kids.
4. The teacher promises that she............. correct the test next week.
5. "I ..................... give you any homework for the weekend", Mrs
Norris said.
6. I hope Jan e.....................like her birthday present.
7. Some people believe that in the year 2050 people..................... go
to space for their holiday.
8. H e .....................never trust us again!
9. I .....................give him your message as soon as he returns.
10...................... you bring me my glasses, please?
163
2. going to szerkezettel
to be (ragozott alakja) + going to + főnévi igenév

Q I'm going to meet him this afternoon. - Ma délután találkozom vele.
They aren't going to be there. - Ők nem lesznek ott.
Are you going to answer his question? - Válaszolsz a kérdésére?
Q Használata
a) Tervezett, szándékolt, a közeli jövőben bekövetkező cselekvést jelöl.

Q We're going to finish painting the kitchen this afternoon. - Ma
délután befejezzük a konyha festését.
b) A körülményekből egyértelműen látszó, bizonyosan

bekövetkező cselekvés jelölésére.
Q Look at the clouds. It's going to rain soon. - Nézd a felhőket!
Mindjárt esni fog.
She looks very weak. She's going to faint. - Nagyon
gyöngének látszik. El fog ájulni.
c) A go és come igékkel általában nem használjuk. Helyette

folyamatos jelennel utalunk a jövőre.
B Is she going to the party? - Megy a buliba?
Tegye ki a mondatba illő will vagy going to alakot!

Use the form of will or going to that fits in the sentence.
1. I don't feel very well today. I think I .................................go home.

2. You're in class and suddenly you see a mouse running across the
room. What (you).................................do?
3. I don't think my parents................................ let me go on that trip.
4. (you / d o )......................................the washing up for me, please?
164
5. People expect that the factory......................................close soon.

6. I (not).................................let that person enter my house.
7. " I ........................love you forever" the man declared to his fiancée.
8. What (you)..........................................do with those newspapers?
9. (you)........................open the door for me, please. My hands are full.
10. " I............................. help you find the museum", said the policeman
to the tourist.
11 .Are you going to a fancy dress party? Nobody...............................
recognize you in these clothes.
12.1 meet Jack in the library at 6 o'clock. We
.................................study together.
13. "It's very cold in here." "Ok, I ........................... turn the heater on."
14. "What do you need those scissors for?" " I .................................cut
the dead leaves of the plant."
15. My uncle............................ retire next month. H e............................
have a party.
16. Watch out. That c a r................................ crash into us.
17. My little brother................................ be 5 tomorrow.
18.1 don't think I ............................... get home for dinner. So don't
wait for me.
19. Oh, no! We've missed the last boat. What (we).......................do now?
20. My son (no t).................................go to sleep on his own. I have
to sit by his bed for at least half an hour every evening.
22 Használja a jövő idő kifejezésére legalkalmasabb alakot:

egyszerű jelen / folyamatos jelen / will / going to!
ü Use the most appropriate form to express future activity:
Present Simple / Present Continuous / will / going to.
'Would you like to come to the cinema with me tonight?'

'I'm sorry, I can't. I (g o )....................................... to a party."
165
2. "When are you planning to go back to university?" "The new

semester (start)....................................... next week."
3. Don't worry. Your father (be) ........................................ at the
station to meet you.
4. My sister's birthday is next week. I (give)........................................
her a nice bracelet I made myself.
5. What time (your plane/take o ff)...................................tomorrow?
6. I'm exhausted. I (g o ).........................................bed early tonight.
7. "What (you / d o )....................................this afternoon?" "I (meet)
....................................... an old friend from high school."
8. I'm so excited. My cousin (have)....................................... a baby!
9. Calm down. I don't think you (have)....................................... any
problems at the border.
10. (you / take)....................................the children to Spain with you?
11.1 don't think anybody can tell you what life (b e )..........................
like in 50 years'time.
12.1hope scientists (find)......................................the cure for cancer.
13. When (you / d o )....................................... your homework?
14. That suitcase looks really heavy. I (carry).....................................
it for you.
15. The forecast says that we (not/have) ..................................... any
more snow from next week.
166
P assive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t
10. Passive Voice - Szenvedő szerkezet

Q Akkor használjuk, ha nem tudjuk vagy nem akarjuk megnevezni, ki
végezte a cselekvést. Az a fontos, hogy a cselekvést az adott
tárgyon elvégezték.
Magyarban általános alanyt használunk (legtöbbször többes szám
3. személyt).
Q Képzése
A to be létige megfelelő idejű ragozott alak + az ige 3. alakja.
1. egyszerű jelen idő (Present Simple): am/is/are + 3. alak

Q Millions of emails are sent every day. - Naponta több millió emailt
küldünk.
2. egyszerű múlt idő (Past Simple): was/were + 3. alak

Q This postcard was sent from Washington D.C. - Ezt a képeslapot
Washingtonból küldték.
3. egyszerű jövő idő (Simple Future): will be + 3. alak

Q Painting will be finished tomorrow. - A festést holnap befejezzük.
Az a mondat alakítható át szenvedő szerkezetűvé, melyben tárgyas

ige van.
O Az „Tm going out with my friend." mondat nem alakítható át

szenvedő szerkezetűvé, mert bár a „friend" szó alakilag tárgy a
mondatban, a „go out" nem tárgyas ige és a „with my friend" a
mondatban társhatározó.
167
They bring the daily paper at around 7.30 every morning.
'I' vL vL
(alany) (állítmány) (tárgy)
Az aktív mondat tárgya lesz a szenvedő szerkezetű mondat alanya, az

állítmány pedig szenvedő alakba kerül.
The daily paper is brought at around 7.30 every morning.

i i
(alany) (állítmány szenvedő alakban)
Ha azt is fontosnak tartom, ki végezte a cselekvést, akkor azt a by

elöljárószóval a mondat végére kitehetem.
Tom wrote this letter. - aktív mondat

*1' sL 'l'
(alany) (állítmány) (tárgy)
This letter was written (by Tom). - szenvedő szerkezetű mondat

i i
(alany) (állítmány szenvedő alakban)
Q This play was written by Shakespeare. - Ezt a darabot Shakes

peare írta.
Who was this play written by? - Ki írta ezt a darabot?
Q Vigyázzunk azonban arra, hogy csak akkor tegyük ki a cselekvést

végző személyt a mondat végére, ha meg tudjuk nevezni, vagy nem
egyértelmű, hogy ki cselekszik. Figyelje meg a következő
mondatokat!
168
P assive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t Í R
A doctor will operate on him soon. —> He will be operated on soon.
Ezt a mondatot azért mondjuk szenvedő szerkezettel, mert nem a

cselekvést végző személy a fontos, hanem az, hogy mi fog történni
az ige tárgyával. Csak akkor tennénk ki a cselekvést végző személyt,
ha megneveznénk (vagy ha a portás operálna!).
Az alábbiakban egy esküvő előkészületeit és eseményeit

I vázoltuk fel. Alkosson szenvedő szerkezetű mondatokat a
megadott kifejezéseket felhasználva!
Here is a list of wedding preparations and events of a
wedding. Using the prompts make sentences in the Passive
Voice.
Q time of the wedding / choose

The time of the wedding is chosen.
1. the invitations/send
2. the wedding dress / make
3. the wedding rings / buy
4. the wedding cake / bake
5. the bouquet of flowers/order
6. the car/decorate
169
J Passive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s ze rk e ze t
7. the music for the ceremony / choose
8. the restaurant / book
9. photographs/take
10.music/ play
2 Alkosson szenvedő szerkezetű mondatokat a megadott

szavakból! Minden mondat egyszerű jelen időben legyen!
Using the prompts make sentences in the Present Simple
Passive.
1. my flat/clean / every Friday
2. football / play / by eleven people
3. how / Yorkshire pudding / make ?
4. where / the best champagne / make?
5. what languages / speak/ in Switzerland?
6. this tray/m ake/of plastic
7. a corkscrew / use / for opening bottles
8. Martini/ drink/with ice
170
Passive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t Q
9. a lot of rice/eat/in China
10. English / speak / all over the world
11. Rolls Royce cars / produce / for the rich
12. cars / test / before they / sell
3 Alkosson szenvedő szerkezetű mondatokat a megadott

szavakból! Minden mondat egyszerű múlt időben legyen!
Using the prompts make sentences in the Past Simple
Passive.
1. our house/build/ten years ago
2. America/ discover/in 1492
3. the grass/not cut/yesterday
4. you / invite/to the party?
5. Pete's car/steal / last night
6. radio/invent/by Marconi
7. nobody / injure / in the car crash
8. my father's office / decorate / last week
171
J P a ssive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s ze rk e ze t
9. several houses / destroy / in the flood last spring
10. this silk dress / design / by Kati Zoób
11. my car / service / a week ago
12. this tree / blow out / in the wind last night
Alakítsa át a következő mondatokat szenvedő szerkezetűvé!

4 Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice.
1. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
2. We use a kettle for boiling water.
3. They painted the window frames last month.
4. They will arrange everything tomorrow.
5. They make excellent maple syrup in Canada.
6. They will repair the leaking roof next week.
7. They don't sell telephone cards anymore.
8. They will finish the new underground line next year.
9. A very young musician taught her how to play the flute.
172
Passive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t
10. More than 50,000 people visited this exhibition.
11 .They built their new house in less than six months.
12. Milkmen don't deliver milk in cities in England anymore.
13.They will hold the ceremony tomorrow.
14.The dentist pulled out two of his milk teeth the other day.
15. Students lose several different items every day.
Q Természetesen bármilyen igeidőben álló vagy bármilyen módbeli

segédigét tartalmazó mondat átalakítható szenvedő szerke
zetűvé.
1. befejezett jelen (Present Perfect)

Q His book has just been published. - Épp most adták ki a köny
vét.
2. can
Q This exercise can't be done. - Ezt a gyakorlatot nem lehet
megcsinálni.
3. must
Q This letter must be answered at once. - Erre a levélre azonnal
válaszolni kell.
173
J P assive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s ze rk e ze t
4. should
Q Your dogs should be fed twice a day. - A kutyáidat naponta
kétszer kellene etetni.
5 Alakítsa át a következő mondatokat szenvedő szerkezetűvé!

Rewrite the following sentences in the Passive Voice.
1. We shouldn't keep animals in cages.
2. She hasn't sent the invitation yet.
3. Nurses look after sick people in hospitals.
4. You can make yoghurt from milk.
5. Did Susan bake this delicious fruit cake?
6. They have finished the water tower.
7. Someone should change the floor of the gym hall in the school.
8. Everybody must write this essay.
9. They will forgive you.
10. Someone has stolen the jewels from the safe.
11 .We should save panda bears.
174
P assive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t r n
12. How much whisky do they produce in Scotland a year?
13. Nobody will hurt them.
14.They found this dog in the street.
15. You should close all the windows before you leave the office.
16. You mustn't leave this gate open.
17.The mechanics have repaired the race car.
18.Three armed men robbed the local bank yesterday.
19. How many cars have they produced in Hungary since they opened
the Suzuki Factory in Esztergom?
20. Who built Hadrian's Wall?
O Ha az aktív mondat alanya nobody, akkor a szenvedő szerkezetben

tagadó alakú lesz az állítmány.
Q Nobody noticed her. -> She wasn't noticed.
Q Mivel az angol nyelvben egy mondatban két tárgy is állhat (Direct

Object és Indirect Object), mindkettő lehet a szenvedő mondat
alanya.
175
P a ssive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s ze rk e ze t
We sent her a postcard from Italy.

A I
Ind irect 0 bj ect Direct 0 bject
Indirect Object az alany:
O Az alany mindig alanyesetben van.

She was sent a postcard from Italy.
i i
(alany) (Direct Object)
Direct Object az alany:
A postcard was sent to her from Italy.

i i
(alany) (Indirect Object)
Az előző mondat a gyakoribb, azaz amikor az „Indirect" tárgyból lesz

a szenvedő mondat alanya. A második szerkezetű mondatnál a to vagy
for elöljárót ki kell tenni, hisz az „Indirect Object" (részeshatározó)
megelőzi a „Direct Object"-et (a tárgyat).
6 Alakítsa át a következő mondatokat szenvedő szerkezetűvé!

Rewrite the sentences in the Passive Voice.
1. They invited us to their wedding anniversary.
2. You should tell James the bad news as soon as possible.
176
Passive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t Q
3. We'll inform them tomorrow.
4. The local television company has offered Phil a good job.
5. How much did they pay you for digging their garden?
6. They didn't give me the chance to say 'No'.
7. The storm ruined the crops.
8. The local government will give the Millers a bigger flat.
9. The strange noise frightened the children.
10. Her parents buy Sue everything she asks for.
11. Did anyone disturb you last night?
12.The new teacher gave us a lesson yesterday.
13. A very famous surgeon will operate on my father.
14. What did they show you?
15. As his parents died his grandparents brought Ted up.
16.They heard the boy say something rude.
17.This charity organization gives free meals to poor people.
177
J P a ssive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t
18. A special delivery service brought this parcel to you.
19.The boss made me do the job on my own.
20. Nobody brought her any flowers.
O A make somebody do something, hear somebody do

something szerkezetek szenvedő alakban álló igéit to+infinitive
követi.
Lásd a „Gerund, Infinitive" fejezetet!
Q They made her do the housework. —> She was made to do the
housework.
7 Tegye a zárójelben lévő igéket a megfelelő, cselekvő vagy

szenvedő módú egyszerű múlt idejű alakba!
0 Give the right active or passive Past Tense form of the verbs
in brackets.
History of the Olympics
The earliest recorded Olympic Games (1. hold).....................................

in Olympia, in ancient Greece, in 776 B.C. This tradition (2. take place)
.....................................every four years for one thousand years.
The modern Olympic movement (3. start) .....................................
when French educator, Pierre de Coubertin, (4. bring)..........................
together a group of sports and philosophy leaders from around the
178
P a ssive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s z e rk e z e t Ifi
world for the International Athletic Congress. The group, which later
(5. become)............................. the International Olympic Committee,
(6. decide).....................................to revive the ancient Games.
In 1896, the first modern Olympics (7. h old)................................. in
Athens, Greece, their glorious country of origin. The first winter sport
(8. include)............................. in 1908: figure skating. Later, ice hockey
(9. add).........................................to the competition programme. The
first Winter Olympics (10. stage)................................. in Chamonix,
France, in 1924. 294 athletes (11. take part).................................. in
the events. For the next 68 years, the Winter Games (12. hold)
.....................................in the same year as the Summer Games.
(Hello Teens, VI/2 - 2006.)
8 Tegye a zárójelben lévő igéket a megfelelő, cselekvő vagy

szenvedő módú egyszerű múlt idejű alakba!
13 Give the right active or passive Past Tense form of the verbs
in brackets.
Sugar
As tea and coffee (1. g ro w )..................................... in popularity in

Britain in the 18th century, the demand for sugar to sweeten them
also (2. grow) ........................................ More and more workers
(3. need) ......................................on sugar plantations in the West
Indies, so their owners (4. import) ...................................... slaves
from West Africa. A circular trade (5. develop)..................................
and islands such as Jamaica and the Bahamas (6. become)
179
Ü Passive V o ic e - S z e n v e d ő s ze rk e ze t
British colonies. Ships from Britain (7. carry).....................................

cotton and metal goods to Africa, where they (8. trade)......................
for slaves , who ( 9. ta ke )..................................... on a three-month
voyage to the West Indies. They (10. trade) .....................................
with the plantation owners for sugar, and the ships (11. return)
..................................... to Britain with the sugar. Georgian Britain,
especially the ports of Liverpool and Bristol, (12. grow )......................
rich on the profits of the slave trade.
(Elizabeth Sharman: Across cultures)
180
A s k in g q u e s tio n s , t a g -q u e s tio n s - K é rd é sfe lte v é s, u tó k é rd é s
11. Asking questions, tag-questions -

Kérdésfeltevés, utókérdés
G Az angol nyelvben a kérdésfeltevés fordított szórenddel és

segédigével történik!
1. eldöntendő kérdés
segédige + alany + az állítmány többi része
Is Tóm watching television?
Have they arrived at the theatre yet?
2. kiegészítendő kérdés
kérdőszó + segédige + alany + az állítmány többi része
What is Tom doing ?
Where have they arrived?
Mivel egyszerű jelen (Simple Present) és egyszerű múlt (Simple Past)

időben állító alakban nincs segédige, kérdést a do/does és did
segédigét használva teszünk fel. A segédige után a főige főnévi igenévi
alakban áll.
Q Do you like ice-cream? - Szereted a fagylaltot?
What does your father do? - Mi az apukád foglalkozása?
What did you do last weekend? - Mit csináltál múlt hétvégén?
Ha a mondat állítmánya a létige, akkor csak a szórendet fordítjuk meg.

Q Were they at home? - Otthon voltak?
A not tagadószó kérdésben is a segédigéhez kapcsolódik.
181
A s k in g q u e s tio n s , ta g -q u e s t io n s - K é rd é sfe lte v é s, u tó k é rd é s
Q Aren't you satisfied with the result? - Nem vagytok elégedettek

az eredménnyel?
Why don't you want to do it? - Miért nem akarod megcsinálni?
Keresse meg a választ a kérdésekre!

1 Match the questions with the answers.
1. How did you feel when you heard the news?

2. What's this?
3. Where are you going the stay in London?
4. Did you see the film last night?
5. What is your new teacher like?
6. Why can't you do it?
7. How often do you go skating?
8. Which jacket do you prefer?
9. How is your grandma?
10. When are you planning to come back?
11. How long did it take you to find the house?
12. Have you ever made muffins?
13. What kind of music does he like?
14. Who lives in the house opposite?
15. What would you like to have?
16. Isn't it a lovely day today?
a) My best friend. b) Because I haven't got tools.

c) Oh yes, it is. d) Happy.
e) Next Friday. f) It's a corkscrew.
g) Half an hour. h) A coke, please.
i) She's very strict. j) He likes rap.
k) Twice a week. I) No, I didn't.
182
A s k in g q u e s tio n s , ta g -q u e s t io n s - K é rd é sfe lte v é s, u tó k é rd é s
m) The brown one. n) She is very well, thanks,

o) At a bed and breakfast place. p) No, I haven't.
1............ 2............ 3.......... 4...

5............ 6............ 7.......... 8 . ..
9............ 10............ 11.......... 12..
13............ 14............ 15.......... 16..
Q A milyen? magyar kérdőszóval külső és belső tulajdonságra is

tudunk kérdezni.
Az angol nyelvben erre két különböző kérdést használunk:
What is he/she/it like? - Milyen? (belső tulajdonságra kérdez)
What does he/she/it look like? - Hogy néz ki? (külsőre kérdez)
Q "What is your French pen friend like?" "She's very outgoing and
funny." - „Milyen a francia levelezőtársad?" „Nagyon nyitott és
vicces."
"What does she look like?" "She's tall, slim and has dark brown
hair." - „Hogy néz ki?" „Magas, vékony és sötétbarna haja van."
O A fentieket ne tévesszük össze a „What does she like? - Mit szeret?"

kérdéssel!
Q A how? kérdőszó jelentése: hogyan? Gyakran fordíthatjuk a

milyen? kérdőszóval, ha a kérdés arra utal, hogy „hogy ment"
valami.
Q How did you find the hotel? - Hogy találtátok meg a szállodát?
183
A sk in g questions, tag-q u estio n s - Kérdésfeltevés, utókérdés
How was the interview? - Milyen volt a meghallgatás/interjú?

(Hogy ment?)
2 A megadott kifejezések felhasználásával tegyen fel

kérdéseket, melyekre a válaszokat megadtuk!
Using the prompts make the questions. The answers are
given.
1. (Sheila / married) "..........................................................................?"

"No, she isn't."
2. (she/come/England) "................................................................. ?"
"No, she doesn't. She's from Australia."
3. (where / she / stay) ".......................................................................?"
"She's staying at a student hostel."
4. (you / meet her) "........................................................................... ?"
"Yes, I have."
5. (what/she/like) ".......................................................................... ?"
"She's very nice and open."
6. (what/like about Hungary) "........................
"She likes the people and the food."
7. (how often/she/go out) "............................
"Not very often, just once a week."
8. (how long / she/ be in Hungary) "................
"Since the beginning of the school year."
9. (how long/ she/stay) ".................................
"She's going to stay for two more months."
10. (where/you/go/last night)".....................
"To the theatre to see Hamlet."
184
A skin g questions, tag-q u estio n s - Kérdésfeltevés, utókérdés
11. (how much /the tickets)"...............................................................?"

"They were free."
12. (her parents/visit her /yet) "........................................................ ?"
"Not yet, they're coming next month."
O Ha a mondat alanyára kérdezünk, természetesen nem használható

a korábban említett szórendi szabály. Ezekben a kérdésekben a
kérdőszó lesz az alany, nem lesz fordított a szórend és nem kell
do/does ill. did segédigét tenni a mondatba.
Q What makes this noise? - Mi csinálja ezt a zajt?

How many people have left? - Hányán mentek el?
Who was the driver? - Ki volt a sofőr?
Who invented the gramophone?- Ki találta föl a gramofont?
Which puppy belongs to you? - Melyik kiskutya a tied?
Tegyen fel kérdéseket a megadott kérdőszavakkal! A

3 válaszokat a zárójelben találja.
Ask questions about sentence with the question words. The
answers are given in brackets.
1. My brother woke me up this morning.

W ho................................................................................................
(My brother.)
W ho................................................................................................
(Me.)
185
When................................................................................................?
(This morning.)
W hat................................................................................................ ?
(Woke me up.)
2. It'll be nice and sunny this afternoon.
What ............................................................................................... ?
(Nice and sunny.)
When................................................................................................?
(This afternoon.)
3. I've decided to rewrite the letter, because I made too many
mistakes.
W ho................................................................................................. ?
(I have.)
W hat.................................................................................................?
(To rewrite the letter.)
W hy.................................................................................................. ?
(Because I made too many mistakes.)
W ho..................................................................................................?
(I did.)
How many........................................................................................ ?
(Too many.)
4. Steve was given a gold medal.
W ho..................................................................................................?
(Steve.)
W hat.................................................................................................?
(A gold medal.)
What kind o f ....................................................................................?
(Gold.)
186
4 Tegyen fel kérdéseket az aláhúzott mondatrészekre!

Ask questions about the underlined parts of the sentences.
1. Paula has just joined the dramatic group of the school.
2. At the age of eighteen Tony became a professional criminal.
3. I felt relieved when mv exam was over.
4. I have to phone mv mum at 9 o'clock.
5. Someone called you this morning.
6. Geography is Robert's best subject.
7. Jack borrowed mv bike for the weekend.
8. Sue is very reliable.
9. Diana always treats animals kindly.
10.1 was talking to Helen when we were cut off.
11. I'm not really interested in cars.
12.1 saw an interesting advertisement in the local paper.
13. Wendy's teacher was impressed by our performance.
187
14. Sally is never late for school.
15.This ring cost a fortune.
16. Rita is fond of Black Forest gateau.
17.There was a small table by his bed.
18. We couldn't see the other shore of the lake.
19. He'll phone us as soon as he is ready.
20. We've just finished cleaning the kitchen.
21 .They're still trying to find the solution to the problem.
22. I'm going out with mv parents tonight.
23. My sons have had French lessons since September.
24. Charlotte wants the skiing holiday, not the hiking one.
25. Mary's looking at the shop-window.
26. Fiona likes pancakes with maple svrup.
188
A skin g questions, tag-q u estio n s - Kérdésfeltevés, utókérdés 11
Tag-questions - Utókérdések
Q Az „ugye" kifejezés megfelelőjét az angolban mindig a mondat

végére tesszük önálló tagmondatként.
Az utókérdést segédigével és személyes névmással kifejezett
alannyal képezzük.
Állító mondat esetén tagadó alakú az utókérdés:
Q Pat likes bananas, doesn't she? - Pat szereti a banánt, ugye?
The students are in the gym hall, aren't they? - A diákok a
tornateremben vannak, ugye?
Policemen have to wear a uniform, don't they? - A rendőröknek
egyenruhát kell hordaniuk, ugye?
Tagadó mondat esetén az utókérdés állító alakú:

Q You can't come earlier, can you? - Nem tudsz hamarabb jönni,
ugye?
She hasn't been to England, has she? - Ő még nem járt Angliában,
ugye?
Alice won't say a word to anyone, will she? - Alice senkinek egy
szót sem fog szólni, ugye?
Figyelje meg az utókérdés alakját a különböző igeidőkben, valamint

módbeli segédigékkel, állító vagy tagadó alakban:
Egyszerű jelen
Your father is a teacher, isn't he? - Apukád tanár, ugye?
These boys go to the same class, don't they? - Ezek a fiúk ugyanabba
az osztályba járnak, ugye?
189
O Egyes szám első személyben a tagadó utókérdés: am I not / aren't I.

B I'm the youngest here, am I not? (ez a hivatalosabb alak)
I'm the youngest here, aren't I? (ez a beszélt nyelvi alak) - Én
vagyok itt a legfiatalabb, ugye?
Folyamatos jelen
The guests are enjoying themselves, aren't they? - A vendégek jó l
érzik magukat, ugye?
Egyszerű múlt
Mary didn 't get a bad grade, did she? - Mary nem kapott rossz jegyet,
ugye?
Folyamatos múlt
The car wasn't coming fast, was it? - Az autó nem jött gyorsan, ugye?
Befejezett jelen
Our new neighbours haven't moved in yet, have they? - Az új
szomszédaink még nem költöztek be, ugye?
Egyszerű jövő
You'll have some more tea, won'tyou? - Még iszol egy kis teát, ugye?
Módbeli segédigék
can Your children can sing, can't they? - A gyerekeid tudnak
énekelni, ugye?
could Your friend couldn't translate it, could he? - A barátod
nem tudta ezt lefordítani, ugye?
should The nurse should be here, shouldn't she? - A nővérnek
itt kellene lennie, ugye?
190
Felszólító mód
Stop talking, will you? - Ne beszélgess, jó 7
Don't open it, will you? - Ne nyisd ki, jó?
Let's go for a walk, shall we? - Menjünk sétálni, jó?
A there is / there are szerkezet utókérdésben is használható.

There's a kitten in your bag, isn't there? - Van egy macska a
táskádban, ugye?
O Ha a mondat alanya this/that illetve these/those, akkor az

utókérdésben it, illetve they alannyal kérdezek vissza.
63 That is your bag, isn't it? - Ez a te táskád, ugye?
These aren't ours, are they? - Ezek nem hozzánk tartoznak, ugye?
O Ha a mondatban negatív értelmű szó van - annak ellenére, hogy

az állítmány állító alakú -, az utókérdés állító alakú lesz.
B Nothing went wrong, did it? - Nem történt semmi baj, ugye?
She never smiles, does she? - Soha nem mosolyog, ugye?
5 Tegye ki az utókérdést a mondatok végére!

Put the question tags at the end of each sentence.
1. Your cat isn't in here,.................................................................... ?

2. Eve has just left,............................................................................. ?
3. Peter came back yesterday,............................................................ ?
4. You won't mind if I go to o ,........................................................... ?
5. I'm not late yet,.............................................................................. ?
6. That isn't your brother,..................................................................?
191
7. The animals shouldn't be fed by the visitors,................................. ?

8. We've been awarded a prize,..........................................................?
9. The children would like to have something to drink,.................... ?
10. You didn't forget your key,.............................................................. ?
11 .Your cousin likes living in the capital,............................................?
12. There aren't any problems,.......................................................... ?
13. The secretary has long conversations on the phone,...................?
14. Your father's got a new car,............................................................ ?
15. Mary's going to do her homework in the library,...........................?
16. Not many adults can understand young people today,.................?
17. I'm right,............................ ?
18. Let's forget about it ,............................................ ?
19. Please sit dow n,............................. ?
20. Your fiancé likes turkey,.................................................................. ?
21 .You'll carry it for m e,...................................................................... ?
22. It's going to be fu n ,........................................................................ ?
23. Tina should be here by now,......................................................... ?
24. The robbers have been arrested,.................................................. ?
25. His parents simply can't give up smoking,..................................... ?
192
C o nditio nal - Feltételes m ód
12. Conditional - Feltételes mód

First Conditional - Feltételes jelentéstartalmú mondatok
A magyarban ezekben a mondatokban az igék kijelentő módban

állnak, a mellékmondatnak feltételes jelentéstartalma van:
Q Holnap elmegyünk sétálni', ha szép idő lesz.
Lekéssük a vonatot, ha nem sietsz.
Képzése
Főmondat Mellékmondat
will + főnévi igenév if jelen idő
(Jövő idő / Simple Future) (Present Simple)
A segédige minden személyben will, és leggyakrabban rövid alakban

használjuk:
'II ( I'll, you'll, he'll, well, they'll)
G We'll (We will) go for a walk tomorrow if the weather is nice.

Holnap elmegyünk sétálni, ha szép idő lesz.
We won't go for a walk tomorrow if the weather isn't nice.
Holnap nem megyünk el sétálni, ha nem lesz szép idő.
We'll stay at home if the weather isn't nice.
Otthon maradunk, ha nem lesz jó az idő.
Well miss the train if you don't hurry.
Lekéssük a vonatot, ha nem sietsz.
A magyarhoz hasonlóan a tagmondatok sorrendje felcserélhető. Ha a

mellékmondat az első tagmondat, vesszővel választjuk el a főmon
dattól. Ha a főmondat az első, nem tesszük ki a vesszőt.
193
C o n d itio n al - Feltételes m ód
B If the weather is nice, we'll go for a walk tomorrow.

If you don't hurry, we'll miss the train.
Tegye a szavakat a megfelelő sorrendbe, hogy értelmes

1 mondatokat kapjon!
Rearrange the words to get meaningful sentences.
1. you, too, me, you'll, my, near, if, cold, come, catch,
2. they'll, the, water, if, die, you, plants, don't
3. drop, it'll, this, you, if, break, glass
4. I'll, gets, before, Tom, him, if, here, 9 o'clock, see
5. go, if, on, you, sick, be, won't, get, the, able, trip, you, to
Tegye a zárójelben levő igéket a megfelelő alakba!

Use the words in brackets in the right form.
1. If y o u ......................... (go) to bed at 9'clock, yo u ............................

(not feel) tired in the morning.
2. If you ................................... (not prepare) for the exam, you
............................ (not pass) it.
3. Dave can always rely on his Mum. If h e ......................(ask) her, she
...................... (help) him.
4. That shop closes at 5. If y o u ...................... (arrive) at 5.02, they
...................... (not serve) you.
194
5. If Tina...................... (be) out at the moment, I ....................... (call)

her tomorrow.
6. This test match is very important for Peter. H e ...................... (get)
in the team if h e ...................... (play) well.
7. If the co o k......................(boil) the egg for more than 3 minutes,
i t ...................... (not be) soft.
8. Your eyes...................... (hurt) if yo u ....................... (sit) in front of
the computer for too long.
9. If I ...................... (buy) the champagne,........................(you, pay)
for the meal?
10. If y o u ......................(listen) to the radio too loud, your neighbour
...................... (complain).
11. H e ..........................(go) on a holiday if h e ...........................(save)
some money.
12. S u e ...................... (not do) anything tonight if sh e ........................
(feel) too tired.
13. If I ......................... (not see) Pete tomorrow, I .......................... (call)
him.
14. If M ary................. (not go) to the concert tonight, sh e ................
(watch) TV.
15. If y o u .................. (want) to travel to the USA, y o u ........................
(need) a visa.
3 Párosítsa össze a fő- és mellékmondatokat!

Match the two halves of the sentences.
A
1. If you leave the meat in the oven for too long,
2. In England, if you park on the double yellow line,
3. If you see him,
4. Will you call me
195
5. They will start the match

6. You'll learn English more easily
7. Your skin will look nicer
8. You won't be able to sleep enough
B
a) if it stops raining.
b) will you tell him about it?
c) if you drink too much coffee.
d) it will burn.
e) you'll have to pay a fine.
f) if you eat a lot of fresh fruit and vegetables.
g) if she wants to come too?
h) if you study a little more every day.
1.............. 2.............. 3.............. 4.

5.............. 6.............. 7.............. 8.
Alkosson feltételes jelentéstartalmú mondatokat a megadott

4 szavak felhasználásával, a minta alapján!
Using the words given, make sentences in the first
conditional as in the example.
Q drop this glass, break

If you drop this glass, it will break.
1. not feel better tomorrow, call the doctor
2. hurry, catch the bus
3. reach the top, have a beautiful view
196
4. enjoy extreme sports, love New Zealand
5. sunny, go to the beach
6. not take your umbrella, get wet
7. read this book carefully, understand it
8. drive more carefully, not have so many accidents
Second Conditional - Jelen idejű feltételes mondatok
Q Ezek a mondatok a jelen idejű feltételes módban álló mondatoknak

felelnek meg a magyarban. Azt fejezik ki, „mi történne, ha ez lenne
a helyzet?"
Q Vennék egy új autót, ha több pénzem lenne.
Képzése
Főmondat Mellékmondat
would + főnévi igenév if múlt idő
(Simple Past)
1 would (I'd) buy a new car if 1had more money.
Vennék egy új autót ha lenne több pénzem.
A would segédige személyes névmásokkal összevont rövid alakja: 'd.
(I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, they'd)
A mellékmondatban a létige (be) alakja minden személyben lehet:

were.
197
Q She'd answer the phone if she were!was at home. - Felvenné a

telefont, ha otthon lenne.
If I were you... kifejezés azt jelenti: Ha a helyedben lennék...
A tagmondatok sorrendje felcserélhető. Az if-es tagmondat után

vessző van.
Q If I had more money, I'd buy a new car. - Ha több pénzem lenne,
vennék egy új autót.
5 Alakítsa át a mondatokat jelen idejű feltételes módúvá a

példa alapján!
Rewrite the sentences in the second conditional as in the
example.
B If she's at home, she'll answer the phone.

If she were at home, she'd answer the phone.
1. We'll go to the beach if it isn't too cold.
2. If you break it, you'll have to pay for it.
3. If I don't manage to fix it myself, I'll take it to the mechanic.
4. If you hang the clothes in the garden, they will dry soon.
5. If you like those trainers, I'll buy them for you.
6. What will happen if your brother doesn't come home tonight?
7. Will they cut off my electricity if I don't pay the bill?
198
8. If little Johnny is careful enough, he won't fall off the stairs.
9. Pat will catch a cold if she doesn't put on warm clothes.
10. If it snows at the weekend, we'll go skiing in the mountains.
11 .That box will look better if you paint it light blue.
12. If you travel by plane, you'll get there a lot sooner.
13.They will certainly come if you ask them in time.
14. If I have more time, I'll write a long letter to you.
15. Patsy will be very pleased if you remember her birthday.
Tegye a zárójelben levő igéket a megfelelő alakba, hogy jelen

6 idejű feltételes mondatokat kapjon!
Use the right form of the verbs in brackets to get sentences
in the second conditional.
1. If my parents......................(give) me more money, I .......................

(buy) a camera.
2. If I ...................... (have) some free time now, I ....................... (play)
with my dog.
3.......................... (you, tell) Peter to come to my party if you
...................... (see) him?
4. W h a t.......................... (your mother, do) if you ..........................
(not arrive) home on time?
5. If I ...................... (be) you, I ........................(buy) the blue jacket.
199
Co n d itio n al - Feltételes m ód
6. If h e ......................(can do) that alone, h e ....................... (not ask)

for your help.
7..........................(you, mind) it if I ........................(come) a little late
next Monday?
8. If I ...................... (live) on a desert island, I ....................... (have to)
go fishing every day.
9. If my father ................................ (work) in the next town, he
....................... (have to) get up an hour earlier every morning.
10. If Hungarian students ...................... (watch) English films with
subtitles, their English......................(improve) a lot.
11. If people......................(take) public transport to work instead of
their cars, there......................(be) less pollution in our city.
12.1 .....................(tell) him the truth if I ........................(be) you.
13.1....................(not do) it even if you....................(offer) me a fortune.
14.1 .................... (not marry) him even if h e ....................... (beg) me.
15. Even if you .................... (leave) right away, y o u ......................
(be) at least 5 minutes late.
Q Az „even if" kifejezés a feltételt nyomatékosítja, azt jelenti, hogy

„még akkor is/sem, ha".
7 Mit tenne a következő helyzetekben? Adjon egész mondatos vá

laszokat a zárójelben levő szavak, kifejezések fel használásával!
What would you do in the following situations? Answer the
questions using the prompts in brackets.
Q What would you do i f ...
1. you met Prince Harry? (autograph)
2. you found a wallet in the street? (police station)
200
C o nditio nal - Feltételes m ód
3. you had a headache? (aspirin)
4. you won the lottery? (travel)
5. you didn't understand your Maths homework? (teacher, explain)
6. you went to London? (double-decker bus)
7. the house next door caught fire? (fire brigade)
8. you got on the wrong bus? (at the next stop)
9. you had a driving licence? (drive to school)
10. you hurt your best friend? (apologise)
Q A can segédigének a feltételes módú alakja: could.
G / can't talk to you now, I'm too busy. - Most nem tudok veled
beszélni, túl sok dolgom van.
If I weren't so busy, I could talk to you now. - Ha nem lenne annyi
dolgom, tudnék most beszélni veled.
Mi lenne, ha nem így lenne? írjon feltételes mondatokat a

8 megadott szituációkra a példa alapján!
What would happen if the situation was different? Write
sentences shown in the example.
G They are sad because I can't go to their wedding party.

They would be glad if I could go to their wedding party.
201
Co n d itio n al - Feltételes m ód
1. He doesn't work hard enough, so he earns very little.
2. Your plants don't grow well because you don't water them
frequently.
3. Pigs don't have wings, so they can't fly.
4. Chris doesn't want coffee, so I won't make one.
5. I'm not diligent enough, so I don't make any progress.
6. Oil is lighter than water, so it floats.
7. He doesn't like this car, so he won't buy it.
8. We don't know his address, so we can't send him a postcard.
9. I'm not invited to the party, so I won't go.
10. Joanna doesn't feel well, so she won't get out of bed.
11. Chris isn't fat at all, because he doesn't eat a lot.
12. Paul is too short, that's why he isn't in the basketball team.
13.1 can't talk to Jacques because I don't speak French.
14. We can't go skiing as there isn't enough snow.
15. My brother can't swim yet, so he can't go into the pool on his own.
202
Clauses - M ellékm o ndato k
13.Clauses - Mellékmondatok
Time-clause - Időhatározói mellékmondat
Leggyakoribb kötőszavai:
when - amikor
before - mielőtt
after - miután
as soon as - amint
as long as - amíg
in case - hátha / arra az esetre, ha
until - amíg (valami meg nem történik)
while - amíg
Q Amikor a mondat jövő időre utal, az időhatározói mellékmon

datban egyszerű jelen időben (Present Simple) áll az állítmány. E
kötőszavak után nem állhat jövő idejű állítmány.
Q I'll call you when I arrive. - Felhívlak, amikor megérkezem.
Az időhatározói mellékmondat lehet a mondat első tagmondata is, a

jelentés nem változik. Ha azonban a mellékmondat az első tagmondat,
vessző áll utána.
Q When I arrive, I'll call you.
Az until kötőszó után állító alakú az állítmány, bár magyarul általában

tagadó mondattal fordítjuk.
Q Will you stay with the kids until I get back? - Itt maradnál a
gyerekekkel, amíg én vissza nem érek?
203
Clauses - M ellékm ondatok
Kapcsolja össze az alábbi mondatpárokat egy jövő időre

1 utaló összetett mondattá a megadott kötőszó segítségével!
Combine the two sentences with the time expressions.
a) I go home. b) I finish work. (when)

I'll go home when I finish work, or When I finish work, I'll go home.
1. a) I go shopping. b) I call you. (before)
2 . a) He is very happy. b) He gets the message.(as soon as)
3. a) He buys a newspaper. b) He gets on the train. (before)
4. a) I finish reading the book. b) I lend it to you. (after)
5. a) They buy a bag of popcorn.b) They sit down. (before)
6 . a) Mary calls you. b) Her baby is born. (as soon as)
7. a) I look after your kids. b) You're away. (while)
8 . a) I tell you my secret. b) You promise not to tell it to anyone.

(as long as)
9. a) The children go out to play in the garden, b) It stops raining.

(as soon as)
10 a) I take an umbrella with me., b) It rains. (in case)
204
2 Az alábbi jövő időre utaló mondatokban adja meg a

zárójelbe tett igék megfelelő alakját!
Give the right form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I promise I (speak).................... only English while I (be)

................................. in London.
2 . All the workers (have to leave) .....the factory
after their shift (be).................. over.
3. I don't think the fair (close)..... until night (fall)
4. I think you should go sightseeing before it (get)......................... dark.

5. We (not start) .................................. our journey until this fog
(disappear)....................................
6. (you / think)................................. about it for a while before you
(say)................................. "No"?
7. I (stop)................................. cutting the grass as soon as it (start)
................................. raining.
8. I (have)................................. a nice cup of tea right after I (get)
home.
9. I (make)................................. some sandwiches for you in case you
(get)................................. hungry on the train.
10. Do you know what she (do) ................................. with her dog
when she (g o )................................. on holiday in July?
11 .We (be)................................. on the beach when your plane (land)
................................. but I (have)...................................my mobile
phone with me, so (you / give ) ................................. me a ring?
12. Could you wait here until I (find)........................... the manager?
205
Relative clause - Vonatkozó névmási mellékmondat
Q A főmondatban megnevezett főnevet jelöli ki vagy határozza meg

közelebbről. A mellékmondat kötőszóval kapcsolódik a főmon
dathoz. Ezekben a mondatokban a kötőszó elé nem teszünk
vesszőt.
Ha a főnév személy, a kötőszó who vagy that.
Általában a who kötőszót használjuk, ha a főnév alanyesetben van,

más esetekben mindkettő jó.
Q / met a man. He works in my father's office. -> / met (al)the man
who works in my father's office- Találkoztam (egy/) azzal a férfival,
aki apukám irodájában dolgozik.
You're writing a letter to a man. Do I know him? -> Do I know the
man that/who you are writing this letter to? - Ismerem azt az
embert, akinek ezt a levelet írod?
Ha a főnév egyéb élőlényt vagy tárgyat jelöl, a kötőszó which vagy

that.
Q / bought a bag. It was in the shop window. -> / bought the bag
which/that was in the shop window. - Megvettem a táskát, ami a
kirakatban volt.
A vonatkozó névmási mellékmondat beékelődhet a főmondatba.

Q / met a young boy on the train. He's from Switzerland. -> The
young boy that I met on the train is from Switzerland. - A fiú,
akivel a vonaton találkoztam, svájci.
206
3 Párosítsa össze a foglalkozásokat a rájuk jellemző

tevékenységgel, majd alkosson összetett mondatokat a
minta alapján!
Match the names of professions with the activities and make
sentences with relative clauses as in the example.
e teacher teach children

A teacher is someone who teaches children.
1. professor paint portraits

2. doctor cook meals in a restaurant
3. nurse carry luggage
4. photographer perform something on the stage
5. porter cure sick people
6. chef give lectures at the university
7. actor look after sick people in hospital
8. painter take pictures
Párosítsa össze a tárgyak nevét azzal, amire használjuk őket,

4 majd alkosson összetett mondatokat a minta alapján!
Match the objects with what they are used for and make
sentences with relative clauses as in the example.
Q an umbrella protect you in the rain

An umbrella is something that protects you in the rain.
1. a pair of scissors bake cakes

2. a calculator cut the grass in your garden
3. lawnmower clean your carpet and floor
4. hairdryer cut things
5. washing machine clean the dirty clothes
6. oven play music
7. CD player make you hair dry
8. vacuum cleaner help you count
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5 Kapcsolja össze a mondatokat a megfelelő vonatkozó

névmási kötőszóval!
Join the sentences with the right relative pronoun.
208
Q Do you like the painting? It's above his desk.

Do you like the painting which/that is above his desk?
1. Here is your message. Mr Brown left it yesterday.
2. The couple got a washing machine from his grandmother. It broke

down after two weeks.
3. I know a lot of people. They don't speak languages.
4. Where are the guests? They ordered this champagne.
5. This is a river. It flows across our city.
6. There's a man on the phone. He wants to talk to you.
7. I like the flowers. They are in front of your house.
8. She's watching a filpi. I don't like it.
9. There's a hole on this jumper. I bought it yesterday.
10.The ticket office is in the centre. It sold these concert tickets.
11. A person asked us for some directions. He spoke the language with
a strange accent.
12. George works in a shop. The shop sells mobile phones.
209
Q Ha a vonatkozó névmási kötőszó tárgyesetben van, elhagyható.

Természetesen ha a kötőszó a mellékmondat alanya, nem hagyható el.
B There's a book on my desk which/that doesn't belong to me. -
Van egy könyv az asztalon, ami nem az enyém.
(Ebben a mondatban a kötőszó alany, tehát nem hagyható el.)
The book (which/that) I'm reading now is in English. - A könyv, amit

most olvasok, angolul van.
(Ebben a mondatban a kötőszó a mellékmondat tárgya, tehát
elhagyható.)
Ha a kötőszóra elöljáró vonatkozik, az elöljáró gyakran a mondat (vagy

a szerkezet) végére kerül. Mivel elöljárószó után tárgyeset van az
angolban, a kötőszó ilyenkor is elhagyható.
B A camera is something with which you can take photographs. =

(Ha az elöljáró a névmás előtt van, csak which használható.)
A camera is something which/that you can take photographs
with. = A camera is something you can take photographs with. -
A fényképezőgép olyan dolog, amivel fényképeket lehet készíteni.
A who kötőszó tárgyesetben: whom

B Tom introduced me the girl with whom he was walking. =
Tom introduced me the girl who(m) he was walking with. =
Tom introduced me the girl he was walking with. - Tom bemutatta
nekem a lányt, akivel sétált.
Használja a vonatkozó névmást, ahol szükséges! Ha

6 elhagyható, húzza ki a helyét!
Give the relative pronoun where necessary. Write a dash (-)
where you can leave it out.
2 10
1. He's the only student.....................knows the answer.

2. Was the waiter.....................served you in the restaurant polite?
3. The people.....................we visited yesterday were very nice.
4. I like the house.....................they have just bought.
5. A coach is someone.....................trains athletes.
6. I'm reading the book.....................you lent me the other day.
7. Do you know the wom an................. has just entered the room?
8. Where is the h a t.....................you wore yesterday afternoon?
9. Bring me the b o x.................... is under the table.
10.The jo kes.....................he tells are usually very funny. Everybody
laughs at them.
11. How did you find the b o y.....................broke your window?
12. This was the worst experience.................. I have ever had.
13. Who was the g ir l.....................gave you a lift home?
14. A kettle is something.....................we boil water in.
15. A piece of chalk is something w ith ..........you write on the board.
16. We stayed at the hotel.....................you recommended.
17. A toothbrush is something................. you brush your teeth with.
18. This is the b u s.................. will take you to the station.
19.1 got on the tram................... was going to the wrong direction.
20. The vase..........fell on the floor was too near the edge of the shelf.
Helyhatározói mellékmondat
Q Helyhatározót is kifejezhetünk alárendelő mellékmondattal.

A kötőszó: where
Q / wouldn't like to live in a place where it is always cold. - Nem
szeretnék olyan helyen lakni, ahol mindig hideg van.
211
A where kötőszó helyett gyakran állhat in/at which:

Q The hotel where we stayed was very cheap. =
The hotel (which) we stayed at was very cheap. - A szálloda, ahol
(amelyben) megszálltunk, nagyon olcsó volt.
Birtokviszonyos mellékmondat
Q Birtokos is kifejezhető mellékmondattal, ekkor a kötőszó: whose.

Q This morning I gave a lift to a neighbour whose car wouldn't start.
- Ma reggel elvittem kocsival egy szomszédomat, akinek nem indult
az autója.
7 Fejezze be a mondatokat úgy, hogy hozzájuk kapcsolja a

megadott tagmondatok egyikét a where kötőszóval!
Complete the sentences using where and one of the
sentences as a relative clause.
a) You want me to put the spoons there.

b) You can have a drink and surf the Internet there.
c) You had your wedding reception there.
d) They can repair my bag there.
e) Sick people are cured there.
f) My father was born there.
Q People who have committed a crime are kept there.

A prison is a place where people who have committed a crime are
kept.
1. How did you find the restaurant...................................................?

2. A hospital is a place..........................................................................
212
3. Can you show me the drawer....................................................... ?

4. A can't find a place in tow n..............................................................
5. The village....................................................... has grown a lot and
become a town.
6. An Internet café is a place ................................................................
8 Használja a megfelelő vonatkozó névmási kötőszót (who,

which, that, whose, where), ahol szükséges!
a Use the appropriate relative pronoun (who, which, that,
whose, where) where necessary.
1. I met a boy on holiday in Croatia............. taught me how to dive.

2. Have you watched the video film ............. you rented last week?
3. I spoke to the wom an..............son failed the exam.
4. The doctor............. I was sent to didn't even examine me.
5. The b o y............. idea the excursion was didn't come.
6. The parents..........children are late for the classes will get a note.
7. The tiny island ...........we spent most of our holiday was really
charming.
8. East Anglia is the area in England............. you can still see houses
with thatched roofs.
9. They had a romantic holiday. The house..............they stayed in
didn't have running water and electricity.
10. The b o y........... you met last week asked me to say hello to you.
11 .There are many people............. main ambition is to go to space.
12.The nearest supermarket...... I went to didn't have any bread left.
13.1 usually buy clothes in the sho p ............is next to the library.
14. The coach..............goes to Bath leaves from Platform 4.
15. Did you manage to meet the man t o ............. you sent your letter
of complaint?
213
16. Romeo and Juliet were two lovers......parents hated each other.
17. Terry is planning to visit the cóllege........... he studied.
18. The firm ..............Gerry is working for is sending him to its Brussels
office.
19. The garden ........... her bedroom window looks over is full of
spring flowers.
20. The h ouse........... was in the way of the new motorway was
demolished.
214
Reported speech - Fü g g ő beszéd
14. Reported speech - Függő beszéd

Q A függő beszéd lényege, hogy a beszélő szavait nem szó szerint
idézzük, hanem annak pontos tartalmát foglaljuk össze.
Q "I'm tired," Peter says. -> Peter says that he is tired. - Péter azt
mondja, hogy fáradt.
Kijelentő mondat
Q Kijelentő mondatokat idézve a főmondatot that kötőszóval

kapcsolhatjuk a mellékmondathoz, de a kötőszó el is hagyható.
A magyarhoz hasonlóan logikusan változtatni kell az alanyt, a
mutató, személyes és birtokos névmást, ahol szükséges.
Q "My cat likes milk," grandma says. -> Grandma says that her cat
likes milk. - A nagymama azt mondja, hogy a macskája szereti a tejet.
"I'm leaving you forever," the boy's telling his girlfriend. -» The
boy's telling his girlfriend that he's leaving her forever. - A fiú azt
mondja a barátnőjének, hogy örökre elhagyja őt.
"I'll buy the flowers m yself," the bridegroom says. -> The
bridegroom says that he'll buy the flowers himself. - A vőlegény
azt mondja, hogy ő maga fogja megvenni a virágokat.
Előfordul, hogy nem ugyanazon a helyen idézzük fel valakinek a

szavait, mint ahol azok elhangzottak. Ilyenkor természetesen változnak
bizonyos helyhatározók, igék:
here there
come -> go
bring -> take
Q My mum tells me "You should come here." -> My mum tells me that I
should go there. - Anyukám azt mondja nekem, oda kell mennem.
215
Q A függő beszéd főmondatában az ige leggyakrabban: say vagy teli.

Jelentésük azonos, de használatuk más. A teli tárgyas ige, tehát utána
mindig ki kell tennünk a tárgyat, vagyis azt, akinek mondunk valamit:
tell somebody.
A say ige után nem kötelező tárgyat tenni. Ha kitesszük azt, hogy
kinek mondunk valamit, a to elöljárószót kell használnunk:
say something (to somebody).
Q Father says that his car won't start. - Apa azt mondja, hogy az
autója nem fog beindulni.
Father says to the mechanic that his car won't start. - Apa azt
mondja a szerelőnek, hogy...
Father tells the mechanic that his car won't start. - Apa azt
mondja a szerelőnek, hogy...
Fejezze be a következő mondatokat! Használjon függő beszédet!

1 Complete the following sentences. Use reported speech.
1. "I bought my car a week ago."

John says...........................................................................................
2. "We're going to get married next year."
Tim and Fiona sa y .............................................................................
3. "My father's an engineer."
Ben says.............................................................................................
4. "I've been cleaning this flat all day."
The cleaning lady says......................................................................
5. "We were here last week, too."
Judy thinks........................................................................................
6. "I haven't met your boyfriend yet."
My cousin tells m e............................................................................
7. "I'll be back in an hour."
Tim promises his mother..................................................................
216
8. "I've spent all my money."

David confesses his w ife........................................
9. "You must work a lot harder."
The boss tells u s .....................................................
10. "I'll be able to pass my exam."
Susan hopes...........................................................
11. "I'll bring you some tea when you have finished."
Susan tells the repairman......................................
12. "I'll do everything I can to help you."
Mother promises her daughter.............................
Kérdő mondat
Q Amennyiben valakinek a kérdő mondatát idézzük, további változ

tatásokra van szükség.
Alapszabály, hogy a függő kérdés valójában nem kérdés, ezért
szórendje egyenes, azaz kérdő helyett állító szórendje van, és nem
használjuk benne azokat a segédigéket, amelyek a kérdés-
feltevéshez szükségesek: (do/did).
Kötőszavak
1. kiegészítendő kérdés esetén a kérdő mondat kérdőszava: who,

what, when, stb.
B "Where does Jane live?" the teacher asks. —> The teacher asks
where Jane lives. - A tanár azt kérdezi, hol lakik Jane.
"When did you find your pen ?" my mum asks me. —> My mum asks
me where I found my pen. - Anyukám azt kérdezi tőlem, hol
találtam meg a toliam.
"How long have you been here?" the nurse asks the patient. -»
The nurse asks the patient how long he has been there. - A nővér
azt kérdezi a betegtől, hogy (a beteg) mióta van ott.
217
2. eldöntendő kérdés esetén: if vagy whether

Q "Do you like milk?" my aunt asks me. —> My aunt asks me
if/whether I like milk. - A nagynéném azt kérdezi tőlem, hogy
szeretem-e a tejet.
"Is this the right address?" the woman asks me in the office. —» The
woman asks me if/whether that is the right address. - A nő azt
kérdezi tőlem, hogy az e a pontos cím.
A főmondatban az ask ige mellett használható még: want to know,

wonder.
Q She wants to know what time they will arrive. - Tudni akarja, hogy
mikor érkeznek meg.
I wonder what will happen next. - Kíváncsi vagyok, hogy mi fog
történni.
2 Fejezze be a következő mondatokat! Használjon függő kérdést!

Complete the following sentences. Use reported questions.
1. "Do you like strawberries?"

Grandma asks her granddaughter...................................................
2. "Would you like strawberry ice cream?"
The waiter asks u s .............................................................................
3. "Have you met my brother?"
Peter asks Sheila................................................................................
4. "How long has your mum been away?"
The teacher asks Paul........................................................................
5. "Who is Mrs Brown?"
Father wants to know .......................................................................
6. "Is Mrs Brown your Biology teacher?"
Father asks his so n ............................................................................
7. "What's happening here?"
The headmaster asks the students...................................................
218
Reported speech - F ü g g ő beszéd
i
8. "When did you finish your work last night?"
The boss asks Mr Jones.........................................................
9. "Aren't you feeling well?"
The school nurse asks Jim m y...............................................
10. "Do you want to go by plane or by coach?"
The travel agent asks Mary...................................................
11. "Is it going to rain this afternoon?"
I wonder...............................................................................
12. "Can you cook?"
My future mother-in-law wants to know ...........................
13. "Who are you in love with?"
Mother asks her daughter...................................................
14. "Do you love me?"
Sheila asks Bob.....................................................................
15. "What are you planning to do during the autumn break?"
The teacher asks her students.............................................
Felszólító mondat
Q Felszólító mondatokat is idézhetünk függő beszédben. Parancs

vagy tiltás esetén a tell somebody to do something főnévi
igeneves szerkezetet használjuk.
Q "Stand up, Michael." —> The teacher tells Michael to stand up. -
A tanár azt mondja Michaelnek, hogy álljon fel.
''Don't open my letter," says my brother. -> My brother tells me
not to open his letter. - A bátyám azt mondja nekem, hogy ne
nyissam ki a levelét.
□ Ha kérést tolmácsolunk, az ask somebody to do something

szerkezetet használjuk.
Q "Sit down, please, Michael." -» The teacher asks Michael to sit
down. - A tanár arra kéri Michaelt, hogy üljön le.
219
J Reported speech - Fü g g ő beszéd
Q Többes szám első személyű felszólítás esetén a főmondatban

gyakran a suggest igét használjuk, a mellékmondatban pedig
Gerund alakot vagy a should segédigét.
Q "Let's go to the cinema," Mary says. -» Mary suggests going to
the cinema. = Mary suggests that we should go to the cinema.
- Mary azt javasolta, menjünk moziba.
3 Tegye függő beszédbe az alábbi mondatokat!

Put the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. "Please help me to look for my glasses," my Grandma asks me.
2. "What time is it?" Peter wants to know.
3. "Gerry came to see us yesterday," mum tells me on the phone.
4. "Do you know the answer to this question, Jill?" the teacher asks.
5. "Put on your coat or you may feel cold," mother tells her son.
6. "Please go out and get me a newspaper," father asks Donald.
7. "I'll return in time for the meeting," my boss promises.
8. "Go out and play in the garden," Mary tells her children.
9. "Let's invite both of them," my friend tells me.
10. "Tomorrow we're going to visit the cathedral," the tour guide says
to the tourists.
220
Reported speech - F ü g g ő beszéd
11. "Will you post this letter for me?" Mrs White asks her neighbour.
12. "When is the next train to Poole?" a passenger asks the man at the
information office.
13. "Why are all your books lying on the floor?" Jane asks her roommate.
14. "Can you bring me a carton of milk when you come?" Grandma
asks her grandson.
15. "Who are you waiting for?" Jill asks me.
16. "Don't touch anything until I get back," the Chemistry teacher tells
the students.
17. "Will they believe me?" she wonders.
18. "My mum doesn't let me go with you," Peter tells his friends.
19. "Can you slow down a bit?" Jill asks her husband.
20. "Please don't tell the news to anybody," Janet asks her sister.
Adja meg a mondatba illő say, tell vagy ask igét a megfelelő
4 alakban!
Complete the sentences with the right verbs (say, tell or ask)
in the appropriate form.
1. He has never.... me I'm right.

2. I only wanted to .... him my name.
221
3. H e ....................... he doesn't want to do it again.

4. Why don't y o u .......................him this question?
5. I'm going t o ....................... you later why I want you to come.
6. Why didn't y o u ....................... me to drive you there?
7. How often do you have t o .......................them to be quiet?
8. W ho....................... that I don't like skiing?
9. They d on't................... you what happens at the end of the film.
10. The officer.....................the woman what her name is.
Állítsa a szavakat megfelelő sorrendbe, hogy értelmes

5 mondatokat kapjon!
Rearrange the words to get meaningful sentences.
1. by / has / David / to / back / says / he / 4 o'clock / be
2. the / won't / tells / her / Pat / mouth / that / she / open / dentist
3. bank/a/ asking / Mary/where / is/the / policeman / is
4. gets / mother / wants / what time / David / his / know / to / home
5. wonder / the / isn't / of / students / open / classroom / the / why /

door/ their
6. often / John / us / asks / skating / we / go / if
7. visitors/ to / ask / not / noise / librarians/the / make / often
8. in / next to / who / my / asks / son / sat / class / I / me
222
C o n ju n ctio n s and linkers - Kötőszók, a szöveg kapcsolóelem ei
15.Conjunctions and linkers -

Kötőszók, a szöveg kapcsolóelemei
□ Azonos mondatrészek és tagmondatok összekapcsolására leggyak
rabban a következő mellérendelő kötőszókat használjuk:
1. and - és
Q John and Mary are in love. - János és Mari szerelmesek.
She bought a magazine and (she) started to read it. - Vett egy
újságot és elkezdte olvasni.
O Ha a két tagmondat alanya azonos, nem szükséges megismétel

nünk az alanyt.
2. or - vagy
Q Would you like to have tea or coffee? - Teát vagy kávét kérsz?
Would you like to go to the cinema or shall we stay at home tonight?
- Szeretnél moziba menni, vagy inkább maradjunk itthon ma este?
3. but - de
B The dinner was very good but rather expensive. - A vacsora nagyon
jó volt, de meglehetősen drága.
I wanted to apologise, but she refused to listen to me. - Bocsánatot
akartam kérni tőle, de nem volt hajlandó meghallgatni.
Tegye ki a mondatba illő kötőszót: and/or/but\

1 Insert the appropriate linking word: and/or/but.
1. I have eaten sushi..............Tom hasn't.

2. Are the clothes in the washing machine............. in the dryer?
223
3. The old man is extremely kind ............. generous.

4. I like coffee............. I don't like tea.
5. Which do you prefer, the blue sweater............. the green one?
6. Peter drove at 55 mph in a 40 mph zone..........got a traffic ticket.
7. The Vikings came from Scandinavia............. Cleopatra didn't.
8. It was raining hard............. there was a strong wind.
9. Joanna came to the meeting............. Tom stayed at home.
10. Tomorrow there will be some rain........... no wind.
11 .We have a d o g ............. our neighbours have one, too.
12. When I refused to help her any more, she became angry..............
shouted at me.
13. Do you want to watch T V ............. listen to some music?
14.1 like these shoes. They're o ld ............ very comfortable.
15. Do you thinkyou'll be able to finish your w ork............. you'll need
someone to help you?
2 Alkosson összetett mondatokat! Keresse meg a mondathoz

illő tagmondatot és kapcsolja őket össze a megfelelő
kötőszóval!
Make compound sentences. Find the second half of the
sentence and join the clauses with the right linking word.
You can sit where you are.

I'll call the police.
You can ask for help.
I can't remember his name.
They will hurt even more.
We took some nice photographs.
There's a radiator in every room.
She hasn't got married yet.
224
Would you like to walk?

We can't move in until next month.
Q Nobody in the family has got a driving licence.

They've got a canbut nobody in the family has got a driving licence.
1. Go away.............................................................................................
2. We went on a sightseeing to u r........................................................
3. I know we've m et..............................................................................
4. Shall we call a ta xi.............................................................................
5. You can always call m e.....................................................................
6. This house has central heating.........................................................
7. You can come over here...................................................................
8. We've bought a new house..............................................................
9. Ruth has been engaged for three years...........................................
10. Try to stay calm while the doctor is treating your wounds...........
Q A tagmondatok közti ok-okozati, következtető és ellentétes viszony

kifejezésére a következő kötőszavakat is használhatjuk:
1. because - mert (a cselekvés okának kifejezésére)

Q / want to go to bed very early tonight, because I'm very tired. -
Korán akarok ma este lefeküdni, mert nagyon fáradt vagyok.
Frank had to take the train to go home for the holiday, because
he didn't have enough money to buy his airplane ticket. - Franknek
vonattal kellett hazamennie a szünidőre, mert nem volt elég pénze
repülőjegyre.
225
2. so - így (következtetés kifejezésére)

Q I'm very tired, so I want to go to bed very early tonight. - Nagyon
fáradt vagyok, így ma este korán akarok lefeküdni.
Frank didn't have enough money to buy his airplane ticket, so he
had to take the train to go home for the holiday. - Franknek nem
volt elég pénze repülőjegyre, így vonattal kellett hazamennie a
szünidőre.
3. although / though / even though - bár, habár

Q Although it was quite cold, I went swimming. - Bár elég hideg volt,
elmentem úszni.
Even though I had a big breakfast, I felt really hungry two hours
later. - Bár jól bereggeliztem, két óra múlva újra éhes voltam.
4. Ugyanezt a jelentést tudjuk kifejezni a következő elöljárószóval:

in spite of / despite something - valami ellenére
Q / went swimming in spite o f / despite the cold weather. - A hideg
idő ellenére elmentem úszni.
Használhatjuk a következő formában is:

Q In spite o f I despite the fact that I had a big breakfast, I felt really
hungry two hours later. - Annak ellenére, hogy jól bereggeliztem,
két óra múlva újra éhes voltam.
3 Használja a megfelelő kötőszót (so, because), és a

tagmondatokból választva fejezze be a mondatokat!
Use the appropriate linking word (so, because) and choosing
from the clauses complete the sentences.
She was ill.

She wasn't interested.
226
C o n ju n ctio n s and linkers - Kötőszók, a szö veg kapcsolóelem ei
It was very hot in the room.

He asked the teacher to explain it again.
I'm starving now.
I didn't know the address.
Everybody likes her.
It's late.
You should try to talk to him.
You won't find them at home this evening.
1. I switched on the air-conditioner

2. They've left for Italy........................
3. Claire is a very friendly g irl.............
4. Judy didn't come to school today ...
5. I won't ask you in ...........................
6. Jill didn't go to the meeting...........
7. I didn't have time to have breakfast
8. I couldn't post the letter.................
9. Jack didn't understand anything ...
10. Tom refuses to listen to m e......... *1
Használja az although, in spite of/despite kifejezéseket!

4 Fejezze be a második mondatot úgy, hogy jelentése
megegyezzen az első mondatéval!
Use the phrases although, in spite of/despite. Rewrite each
sentence without changing the meaning of the first
sentence.
1. Although it was raining, we went out for a walk.

Despite..........................................................................................
227
2. In spite of the snow they decided to go by car.

Although...........................................................................................
3. Even though the food they served for dinner was terrible, we
went there for dinner the next day too, because Jim liked the
waitress.
Despite..............................................................................................
4. Despite being sad Sally tried to smile at everybody there.

Although...........................................................................................
5. In spite of her low grades, she was admitted to university.
Although...........................................................................................
6. Although Liz is not a Hungarian citizen, she has to pay income taxes
in Hungary.
Despite..............................................................................................
7. Despite the fact that he was really tired, he couldn't sleep.
Even though......................................................................................
8. Despite being the better team, they couldn't win the match.
Although........................................................................................... *14
5 Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megfelelő szavakkal: although,

in spite of/despite1
.
Complete the sentences with the right words: although, in
spite of/despite.
1...........................the weather, we had a great time in Scotland.

2. He doesn't earn too m uch,................... he has a very responsible
position at the firm.
3. Frank didn't panic................... he was alone and lost in the forest.
4....................... driving really carefully, Jack hit someone on the road.
228
5. It's still hot in here....................... I've switched off the heating

and opened the window.
6 ..................I'm not feeling good, I'll go to class because we're
having a test.
7 .................... she's only 2 years old, she understands what's going
on in the family.
8 ........................ his fortune, he's a rather unhappy man.
9 .................... Ann is a good student, she didn't get the scholarship.
10 ...................... all the hard work, he didn't pass his exam.1 *
0
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
Használja a mondatba illő kötőszót: and/or/but/because/

6 although!
Complete the sentences with the right linking word: and/or/
but/because /although.
1. Esther speaks Spanish w e ll................she lived in Chile for a year.

2. They delivered my letter................it didn't have any stamps on.
3. Tina looks quite f it ....... ............... she doesn't get much exercise.
4. Jill doesn't speak Spanish,.......................she'll have to take classes
if she wants to work in Mexico.
5. Fred is a good student,....................... his younger brother isn't.
6. I'm going on a diet,................I won't eat at a fast food restaurant.
7. I couldn't understand her,....................... she talked too fast.
8. It was a cold day,....................... I had to wear my jacket.
9. Why are you wearing this funny hat? Are you going to a party
....................... are you so cold?
10. He's got a guitar,....................... he can't play it.
11.........................he can't play the guitar, he has one.
12. You can go to school on fo o t.......................you can take the bus.
229
13 it rained heavily, they played the match,
14. Please sit downi ................... make yourself at home while I make
a cup of tea.
15.Tom and Tim look alike, they are not exactly the same.
Páros kötőszavak
1. either... o r - vagy ... vagy

neither... nor - sem ... sem
Q You can go either by coach or by train. - Mehetsz busszal vagy
vonattal.
You either accept the rules or you're fired. - Vagy elfogadod a
szabályokat, vagy ki vagy rúgva.
Neither you nor your sister should know about it. - Se neked, se
a nővérednek nem kellene tudni erről.
2. both ... and - mind ... mind

Q Peter is both lazy and rather irresponsible. - Péter lusta és ráadásul
eléggé felelőtlen is.
I would like to meet both your father and your mother. - Mind
apukáddal, mind anyukáddal szeretnék találkozni.
3. not only ... but also - nemcsak ... hanem

Q In the 9th grade you have to study not only Maths but also
Chemistry. - A 9. évfolyamon nemcsak matematikát, hanem kémiát
is kell tanulni.
230
7 Fejezze ki az alábbi mondatpárok tartalmát egy mondatban a

fenti kötőszavakat használva!
ü Combine the two sentences using the linking words above.
Q My mother talked to the teacher. My father talked to the teacher, too.

Both my mother and my father talked to the teacher.
1. We can prepare dinner for them. We can take them to a restaurant,

too.
2. I'm going to give my friend a CD for her birthday, or I can give her
a necklace.
3. The driver of the car wasn't injured in the accident. The passengers
weren't injured in the accident.
4. The cyclist was taken to hospital. The pedestrian was taken to

hospital, too.
5. He never drinks alcohol. He doesn't smoke.
6. I don't know how they do it. They bought a house. They bought a
new car at the same time.
231
7. The guests had lunch with us. They stayed here for dinner, too.
8. The Maths teacher is ill today. The Biology teacher is away, too.
9. Tomorrow there will be rain. Or there will be snow.
10. I'm really unlucky. Today I lost my wallet. Then I lost my key, too.
232
16. Word formation - Szóképzés
Főnévképzés
Leggyakoribb képzők:
1. Főnévből képezünk főnevet:

-ist (a fogalom művelőjét jelöli)
novel -> novelist
art -> artist
-ián (fogalommal jelölt tevékenység művelőjének megnevezésére)
music -> musician
politics -> politician
-ship
friend —> friendship
relation -> relationship
-ess (egy főnév nőnemű alakját képezünk vele)
duke —> duchess
steward -» stewardess
-hood
child -> childhood
neighbour neighbourhood
2. Melléknévből képezünk főnevet:

-ness
happy -> happiness
kind -» kindness
■ ty# -ity, -y
aő/e ability
safe -> safety
233
W ord fo rm ation - Szóképzés
-er
foreign —> foreigner
teenage -> teenager
-th
long -> length
wide -» width
-age
short -> shortage
-ence
intelligent -» intelligence
patient -» patience
3. Igéből képezünk főnevet:

-er (egyes esetekben -ar, -or, -eer; a képzett szó a cselekvés vég
zőjét jelöli)
advise —> adviser
build -> builder
create —> creator
lie -> liar
-al
arrive -> arrival
refuse -> refusal
-ment
exc/fe excitement
punish -> punishment
-tion, -ion, -sion
discuss —> discussion
educate —> education
234
W ord fo rm ation - Szó kép zés
-ance
disappear -> disappearance
insure —> insurance
-ing (ez tulajdonképpen a Gerund alak, mely főnevesült)

train -» training
feel -> feeling
4. Különböző szófajokból képezünk főnevet:

-y
deliver -» delivery
robber —» robbery
-ism
hero -» heroism
real -> realism
A fenti szabályoktól azonban -sokszor a helyesírásuk miatt -

gyakran eltér egyes szavak képzése.
destroy —» destruction
solve -> solution
Egyéb esetekben egyéni szóalkotási mód is előfordulhat:

grow -> growth
think —> thought
weigh -> weight
thief -> theft
young -> youth
235
Képezzen foglalkozásokat jelölő főneveket az alábbi

szavakból, és írja őket a képzőnek megfelelő oszlopba!
Form nouns from the following words with the meaning of
jobs or activities and write them in the correct column.
manage interpret politics science

music art journal photograph
survive reception teach humour
invent mathematics entertain style
produce act economy advise
-er -ian -ist
2 Képezzen a következő szavakból elvont főneveket!

Form abstract nouns from the following words.
1. to discover 11. sweet ....

2. jealous .... 12. to agree
3. stupid ..... 13. ill .........
4. monarch .. 14. to secure
236
5. republican 15. real ........

6. h ig h ....... 16. critics.....
7. to ignore . 17. original ...
8. long ....... 18. to protect
9. young .... 19. to move ..
10. curious .... 20. to create .
3 Képezzen a megadott melléknevekből főnevet és tegye a

megfelelő mondatba!
Form nouns from the following adjectives and insert them in
one of the sentences.
happy deep personal generous

short dark long lazy
able free
1. The teacher got tired of th e .............................. of the class.

2. The guests at the wedding wished the bride and bridegroom
.............................. in their life together.
3. Little Jimmy can't go to sleep in complete..............................., so
there's a small lamp switched on in his room.
4. We wanted to buy new furniture, so we measured the
.............................. of the room.
5. Do you think Jane has th e .............................. to pass this test?
6. When he offered to give us the money, I was really moved by his
7. T h e ...........................of the lake must be around 40 metres here.

8. At the moment there's a ...............................of fresh vegetables
on the market, so they're rather expensive.
237
9. This country fought for a long time to gain h er.............................

10. Some people choose to wear clothes which don't suit their
Mellékn é vképzés
1. Főnévből:
-y
hunger -> hungry
health —> healthy
-ly
friend -> friendly
love -» lovely
-en
wood -» wooden
-ous
fame —> famous
glory -> glorious
-some
hand -> handsome
-ful
pain -> painful
care -> careful
-less
pain -> painless
care careless
-a I
origin -» original
tradition -> traditional
238
-ic, -ical
economy -» economical
type -> typical
-ern
east eastern
south -> southern
2. Melléknévből és főnévből:
-ish
green —» greenish
child -> childish
3. Igéből:
-ive, -tive
compete —> competitive
produce —> productive
-ible, -able
sty/'i suitable
sense -> sensible
O Igéből képzett folyamatos és befejezett melléknévi igenév is hasz

nálható melléknévi szerepben. Lásd a Melléknév című fejezetet!
Képezzen melléknevet az alábbi szavakból!

4 Form adjectives from the following words.
1. hope 11. humour

2. salt . 12. effect ...
3. child 13. taste ....
2 39
W o rd fo rm a tio n - S z ó k é p z é s
4. accident.................................. 14. fo o l....

5. sun ......................................... 15. noise ...
6. gold ........................................ 16. north ..
7. wind ....................................... 17. luck....
8. fe a r......................................... 18. religion
9. steam ..................................... 19. to suit .
10. continent............................. 20. beauty
Képezzen a zárójelben megadott szavakból a mondatba illő

szót!
Complete the sentences with the right form of the words
given in brackets.
1. To be good at arts and crafts you have to b e ...................................

(create)
2. You mustn't sit at the dinner table with ......................................
hands. (dirt)
3. We hardly know anything about our newclassmate. She's so
............................................................................................................(mys
4. Your daughter has grown up to be a very.......................................
young lady. (attract)
5. We were so bored by h is ..................................... speech that we
almost fell asleep. (end)
6. Many people say that going down amountain is much more
....................................... than climbing it. (danger)
7. Working with children was a .........................................experience.
(wonder)
8. He's so rich that he can afford to buy a huge ................................
house in London. (luxury)
240
9. He wanted to make me have a bite of the meat he roasted, but it

looked really............................ . so I refused. (disgust)
10. Since the 1970s there has been a ....................................increase
in the destruction of rain forests. (drama)
Ellentétes jelentésű szó képzése
Leggyakrabban előtaggal:
dis-
like -» dislike
appear -» disappear
mis
behave -> misbehave
lead —> mislead
un
happy —> unhappy
married -> unmarried
In
correct —> incorrect
convenient inconvenient
im
possible -> impossible
patient impatient
ir
responsible —> irresponsible
regular —> irregular
il
logical -> illogical
legal —> illegal
241
Adja meg a szavak ellentétes jelentésű párját!

6 Give the opposite of the words.
1. fortunately.............................. 6. honest ........

2. to understand........................ 7. human ........
3. employed................................ 8. perfect........
4. patient.................................... 9. to agree......
5. m oral...................................... 10. useful ..........
Igeképzés
-en
dark -» darken
strength -> strengthen
7 Képezzen a zárójelben megadott szavakból a mondatba illő

szót!
t i Complete the sentences with the right form of the words
given in brackets.
1. John was so good at weightlifting that his coach encouraged him

to take part in ................................... (compete)
2. That chair is rather........................................... Come and sit on the
sofa. (comfort)
3. If you get lost, ask a policeman fo r ................................ (direct)
4. You can ask about your flight at th e ....................................desk.
(inform)
5. Everybody has to go to school. To get some basic.........................
is necessary for everybody. (educate)
242
6. Listen to th e ................................... , they will tell you at which gate

you can board the plane. (announce)
7. Besides its unique......................................location, Eastern Island
also has an extraordinary history. (geography)
8. There is a n ................................to many superstitions, (explain)
9. You're almost 18 now. You'll have to make a ....................................
about your future soon. (decide)
10. Jack is a very funny boy, who wants to be a ....................................
(comedy)
11. The stamps in my old collection are becoming more and more
............................................................................................................(value)
12. He left without saying anything. Everybody was surprised at his
sudden......................................... (appear)
13.1 had a good meal, and it made me rather.....................................
(sleep)
14. At the end of the interview they asked me about m y ..................
(qualify)
15. He paid a lot of money for the necklace which turned out to be
......................................... (worth)
16. We took a less busy road t o ....................................... our journey.
(short)
17. He came home....................................... . so no one was waiting for
him. (expect)
18. There was nothing you could do, the situation w as........................
(avoid)
19. Moving to the country would mean a lot of
so we finally decided against it. (advantage)
20. Some young people need some....................................... to be able
to choose a career. (guide)
21. Old people wear their....................................... clothes at the time
of the festival in the village. (tradition)
243
22. Installing air-bags into cars increased

(safe)
23. The newspaper is a means of m ass...
(communicate)
24.1 don't think you're right. I completely .....................................with
you. (agree)
25. He had some...................................... education. He learnt to play
the flute. (music)
244
Fin al Test - Z á ró te s z t
Final Test - Záró teszt

Tegye ki a szövegbe a névelőket, ahova szükséges!
1 Insert an article where necessary.
One o f ............. (1) most famous disguise artist in .............. (2) history
was Ralph Burgess,..............(3) Englishman fro m ............... (4) early
20th century. He would often disguise himself a s ..............(5)priest,
..............(6) soldier or .............. (7) elderly man in order to rob
..............(8)people. His disguises were brilliant, and he carefully
changed ..............(9) way he spoke, walked, and acted in order to
m ake............. (10)disguise more convincing.
His plan was simple. First he would put on one of his disguises. Then,
he would knock on ..............(11) door o f .............. (12) rich country
home and explain how his car had broken down. He used all his charm
to convince them.
Once inside............. (13) house, he would ask fo r .............. (14) glass
of water. Then, w h ile ..............(15) kind old lady or gentlemen was
getting it, Ralph would steal..............(16) family silver and put it in
..............(17) large bag that he had with him. In all his life he never had
to use ..............(18) violence. Just before his death he wrote
..............(19) letter of confession, which he left to his son, who was
completely ignorant of who his father really was. Ralph was
..............(20) example o f .............. (21) brilliantly clever and dedicated
disguise artist.
/disguise = álruha; álruhába öltözik/
245
Fin al Test - Z á ró te s zt
2 írja a kifejezéseket a megfelelő oszlopba!

Put the time expressions in the right column.
the 19th century the morning Friday night

2006 Tuesday 1 October
their wedding day spring night
the 1990s the age of 20 present
Easter two weeks 6.30 a.m.
Thanksgiving Day the moment New Year's Eve
June the end of the school year
in on at
3 írja a kifejezéseket a megfelelő oszlopba!

Put the expressions in the right column.
the mountains the floor the sky the bus-stop

my hand hospital work the station
the radio my bag bed home
a village the top shelf the cinema the mirror
the park the wall a line school
the picture the room the traffic lights
my way to work the end of the street
246
Final Test - Z á ró te s z t
in on at
Egészítse ki a mondatokat a következő szavak egyikével:

4 somebody!anybodyinobody/something/anything/nothing/
somewhere!anywhere!nowhere!
Complete the sentences with one of these words: somebody!
anybody/nobody/something!anything!nothing!somewhere!
anywhere!nowhere.
1. There w a s................. to drink in the fridge, so we went to a pub.

2. She left the country last year. She lives.....................in the USA.
3. I lost my car key and I can't find i t .......................
4. Does.....................see...................... ?
5. There I bought.....................for my son's birthday. It's in a month,
so now I have to hide i t .......................
6 . I didn't d o .....................yesterday afternoon.
7. Is there.....................in the room? Why are the lights on?
8 . Would you like to talk t o .....................about this problem?
247
P Fin a l Test - Z á ró te s z t
9. James is the only person who understands this theory,

else does.
10. You mustn't g o .....................until I come back.
5 Adja meg a zárójelbe tett szavak megfelelő alakját: Gerund,

Infinitive vagy Participle!
Give the right form of the verbs in brackets: Gerund,
Infinitive or Participle.
1. Our children don't really enjoy (spend).........................the holiday

by the sea, they prefer (g o )........................ to the mountains.
2. Dad told us (turn down) ............................ the television as he
wanted (make)............................ a phone call.
3. Please let me (help)............................ you (d o )..............................
the washing-up.
4. Kids, can you stop (fight)............................ ?
5. Thank you for (invite)............................ me to the barbecue. I'd
love (be)............................ there, but I'm not sure yet.
6. Don is really looking forward to (go) ............................. skating
during the break.
7. My mum reminded me (buy)............................ my tram pass.
8. He's not used to (work)............................ on the computer.
9. The food in that restaurant was awful. It made me (feel)..............
sick.
10.lt was a holiday of a lifetime, (look) ............................. at San
Francisco from the top floor of the Pyramid Building was an
unforgettable experience.
11. Let me (pay).......................... for the drinks this time.
12.1 was worried about (learn).......................... Italian, but it turned
out (be)............................ quite enjoyable.
13. She was really glad (see).......................... us there.
248
Fin a l Test - Z á ró te s z t
14. It's a very big city, it's easy (get lost).......................... here.
15.1 hope they won't switch off electricity in my house. I completely
forgot (pay)............................ the bill this month.
16. Our neighbours aren't at home. I saw them (leave).........................
an hour ago.
17. It's not worth (travel)............................ far to do the shopping.
Petrol is expensive.
18. I'm not allowed (watch)............................ the late night movie.
19. Would you mind (repeat).........................the question? I couldn't
hear you.
20. It was too late (g o )............................ anywhere.
Milyen kérdőszavak hiányoznak a következő viccekből?

6 What question words were taken out of the following jokes?
1 ................... is a river rich?

Because it's got two banks.
2 ..........................do ghosts go through locked doors?
With skeleton keys!
3 ..........................did the ghost say to the other ghost?
"Do you believe in people?"
4 ..........................did the ghost fail his Maths exam?
Because he used invisible ink.
5 ......................... would you do if you were walking down the street
and saw three ghosts following you?
Hope it was Halloween.
6. "A man lost fifty pence this morning in the High street," said Me
Tavish to a friend, "and I couldn't move until the crowd disappeared."
"........................ couldn't you move?" asked the friend.
"Well," said Me Tavish, "I didn't want to take my foot off the fifty
pence piece."
249
7 ................... did the big chimney say to the small chimney?

"You're too little to smoke."
8 ..........................kind of star is dangerous?
A shooting star!
9 ..........................do you make a hotdog stand?
Steal its chair!
10. If Mr and Mrs Bigger had a baby, .......................would be the
biggest of the family?
The baby, because he's a little Bigger!
11 ........................ did the barber win the race?
Because he took a shortcut.
12 ........................weighs more, a ton of feather or a ton of bricks?
Neither, they both weigh a ton!
13 ........................books can you put in an empty backpack?
One! After that it isn't empty!
14 ....................... do you know carrots are good for your eyes?
Because you've never seen rabbits wearing glasses!
15 ....................... happens to cows during an earthquake?
They give milk shakes!
7 A megfelelő segédigét használva fejezze ki másképp az

aláhúzott kifejezés tartalmát!
Express the meaning of the underlined phrases using modal
verbs.
1. It was impossible for us to ao to our favourite restaurant because

they were decorating it.
2. Is it possible for me to have the menu, please?
3. Would you be so kind as to tell me the code for Manchester, please?
250
□
4. It's necessary for vou to wear a seatbelt when you drive in England.
5. In some schools it is compulsory for children to wear a uniform.
6. It's possible for vou to walk in the park but vou aren't allowed to
skateboard or play football.
7. They look so much alike that I'm sure they're twins.
8. It would be a good idea for vou to talk to your mum first.
9. You aren't allowed to take your ice-cream into the museum.
10. It will be necessary for vou to repair the fence, as it's not a good
idea that vour doa comes over to our garden.
11. I'm absolutely sure that he isn't in the library at the moment.
12. Is it necessary for me to get a visa to Egypt?
13. It isn't a good idea to go swimming after a big meal.
14. Is it OK if I open the window?
15.The headmaster let the students leave school early yesterday.
16. It's against the law to steal.
17. Perhaps the bag belongs to Kate.
18. I'm not quite sure if these tomatoes are fresh.
251
□ Fin a l Test - Z á ró te s z t
Tagadja a következő mondatokat!

8 Make the following sentences negative.
1. It's a very exciting performance.
2. She's working extremely hard this week.
3. He's already finished his beer.
4. The kitchen needs to be decorated every year.
5. We've sold our old car.
6. Peter needs a Think Pad for his job.
7. We'll have to finish it in half an hour.
8. You must answer every question in detail.
9. You may stay up late today.
10. His parents could speak German at the age of five.
11.1 often visit my cousin in Austria.
12. Ann's got two cats.
13.There's a florist's on the corner of the next street.
14.1 bought this watch for my friend.
252
Fin a l Test - Záró te s z t
15.They grow oranges in England.
16. My house's being decorated at the moment.
17.They'd help you if you asked them.
18.They may sell all the tickets by that time.
9 A z alábbiakban a Mikulás-történet egy sajátos magyarázatát

olvashatja. Tegye a zárójelbe tett igéket egyszerű vagy
folyamatos múlt időbe!
You can read a rather unique explanation to the Santa Claus
story. Put the verbs in brackets in the right tense: Past Simple
or Continuous.
One cold Christmas Eve, at about 3 in the morning, Santa (1. notice)
....................... an open door. He (2. g o )........................ into the kitchen
and (3. see).......................a table full of food and drink. Santa (4. feel)
....................... so hungry and thirsty that he (5. sit) .........................
down and (6. help)....................... himself to the Christmas dinner.
But halfway through the meal, Santa (7. hear)....................... a noise
coming from upstairs and (8. try )....................... to leave. For some
unknown reason, the door wouldn't open so Santa (9. run)
....................... into the living room and (10. hide)......................... up
the chimney. At first, the family (11. think)....................... that Santa
had tried to come down the chimney in order to deliver the presents.
But then they (12. notice)....................... the bits of food in his beard
and they (13. become) ....................... suspicious. They (14. go)
....................... into he kitchen and (15. see)........................ that all the
food (16. miss)..................... They (17. b e)........................ furious and
253
| Final Test - Z á ró te s z t
they (18. pull).................poor Santa out of the chimney and (19. beat)
................... him up. Then they (20. call).........................the police.
Adja meg az alábbi mondatokat szenvedő szerkezetben!

10 Rewrite these sentences in the passive.
1. They're going to open the exhibition of his photographs tomorrow.
2. Last week the Mayor of the city opened a new secondary school in
the suburbs.
3. The students use the gym hall only for indoor sports.
4. In Scotland they make haggis on the basis of secret recipes.
5. I'll finish it by tomorrow.
6. Someone has turned the lights off.
7. You have to deal with this parcel very carefully. It's fragile.
8. Someone must tell him the news.
9. We will have to accept the situation sooner or later.
10. An unknown composer wrote this music.
11. I'm sorry but we can't repair your boots.
12. My brother covers the walls of his room with posters of footballers.
254
□
13.They were repairing her watch while she was doing the shopping
in the department store.
14.They have accepted my application.
15. Who built Millennium Bridge?
16.They are going to present their parents with a luxurious cruise on

the Mediterranean for their wedding anniversary.
17.The accident happened on a road which they were repairing.
18. They have already offered her the job.
19. You can't swim now because they're cleaning the swimming pool.
20. It was the boss's birthday so they handed round coffee and biscuits.
Egészítse ki a szöveget a zárójelbe tett igék aktív vagy

1 passzív alakjával a megfelelő igeidőben: egyszerű jelen /
folyamatos jelen / egyszerű múlt / folyamatos múlt /
befejezett jelen!
Complete the text with the active or passive from of the
verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense: Present Simple
/ Present Continuous / Past Simple / Past Continuous /
Present Perfect.
The London Eye (1. open)....................... on New Year's Eve 1999 to

celebrate the Millennium. It (2. b e ).......................the world's tallest
observation wheel. It (3. b e).......................135 metres high and from
255
□ Final Test - Záró teszt
the top you can see all of London. On a clear day you can see as far as
Windsor Castle, which (4. lie ).......................40 kilometres away. The
London Eye (5. have) ............................. 32 capsules. Each capsule
(6. have)...................room for 25 people. Each trip (7. last).................
30 minutes. The wheel (8. m ove)....................slowly, at a speed of
about 15 metres a minute, but it never (9. stop).................... Passen
gers (10. have to )..................get on when it (11. move).....................
Since its opening it (12. become) ....................... a landmark of
London, just like Big Ben, Tower Bridge or the Statue of Eros. It
(13. appear)....................... in several films and TV programmes.
In its short life the London Eye (14. become)....................... the most
popular UK visitor attraction. It (15. visit) ....................... by over
3.5 million people a year. It (16.mean) ....................... that about
10,000 people (17. take)................... a ride on the London Eye a day.
Tickets can (18. buy) ....................... online or by phone. A limited
number of tickets (19. be).......................available on the day from the
Ticket Office, but go early because you often (20. have to )...................
queue.
*\ Adja meg a zárójelbe tett igék megfelelő alakját!

1 Give the right form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The drivers can continue on their way only if the fog (lift)
2. If I get paid today, I (invite)............................ you for a meal.

3. If she (get).....................up early, she (not b e )..............................
late for school, but she simply can't get up in the morning.
4. If I (have).....................a lot of money, I (drink)..............................
champagne with every meal.
5. Peter is 17. If he (be) ............................ eighteen, he (be able)
to vote at the election next month.
256
6. If you (decide).....................to come hiking with us, give us a call.

7. It's been raining for days. If the weather (not be)............................
so bad, we (g o )............................ for a walk.
8. If I met someone famous, I (ask)........................ for an autograph.
9. If I (be)............................ you, I (see)..............................a lawyer.
10.1don't have pets. But if I (have) ............................ a dog, I (not call)
............................ it Rex.
11. Ben is asking his parents for a dog. If he (g e t).............................
one, he (call)............................ it Johnny.
12. My boss (be) .................. more decisive if he (be) .....................
more experienced.
13.1don't know what we have in the fridge. If I (have).........................
a beer, you (get)............................ it.
14. If David (have) ............................ the right qualification, he
(can apply)............................ for the job, but he doesn't.
15. What (you like)............................ to do tonight?
16.1find this skirt quite expensive now, so I (buy)............................ it
when it (be)............................ on sale next month.
Képezzen a mondatba illő szót a zárójelben megadott

13 szavakból!
Complete the sentences with the right form of the words
given in brackets.
1. I think it would b e ................. not to answer the letter. (polite)

2. I'm afraid that I'm n o t................. with your work. (satisfy)
3. The fire started because of h er................... (care)
4. To their................. the flying saucer landed right in front of them.
(amaze)
5. When he had to explain the situation again, I felt s o .....................
(fool)
257
6. He was one of the most popular................. of his time, (politics)

7. He had difficulties with English.................... (pronounce)
8. I think you have to give me a n .................... (explain)
9. I ................. dropped the mug and it broke into pieces, (accident)
10. Don't b u y................. vegetables, we have fresh ones. (freeze)
11. She shouted................. at the boy to leave the dog alone.(angry)
12. Cycling h a s................... It makes you sweat and feel hot.
(advantage)
13. After Joe lost his job, he w a s................. for months. (employ)
14. Because of some ................. the students went to the wrong
classroom. (understand)
15. I'm really very................. in travelling. (interest)
16. Peter is th e ................. boy in the group. (strength)
17.1think this game i s ................. interesting than that one. (little)
18. It can be really............... when your neighbours play loud music.
(annoy)
19.1 don't have a car because th e ................. is too expensive these
days. (insure)
20. The computer market is grow ing................. (rapid)
21. For me it was the m ost................. holiday I've ever had. (enjoy)
22. This i s ...............ridiculous. (absolute)
23. He's giving a lecture at a n ................. conference in Prague.
(nation)
24. His grades are bad because he studies rather...................
(regular)
25. Although I'm on a diet, these doughnuts looked s o ....................
that I couldn't help buying them. (resist)
258
Key - M ego ld ó ku lcs
Key - Megoldókulcs
1. Articles - Névelők
Exercise 1: a - an
1. a museum 2. an umbrella 3. a hospital 4. an article
5. a question 6. an old car 7. a French window 8. a table
9. a university 10. a holiday 11. an airport 12. a knife 13. a
bridge 14. a yellow cab 15. a cat 16. an Indian restaurant
Exercise 2: a / an - 0
1. a 2. 0 3. an 4. a 5. 0 6. a 7. a 8. 0; a 9. a 10. a 1 1 .0 12. 0
13. a 14. an; 0 15. 0; a 16. a17. 0; a 18. a 19. an20. 0; an
Exercise 3: a/an - the
I . a 2. an 3. a; the 4. a 5. the 6. a 7. the 8. an 9. a 10. the
I I . the 12. a 13. the 14. the 15. The 16. the 17. a; the 18. an;
the 19. a 20. the
Exercise 4:
1. Heathrow Airport 2. the High Street 3. The United Kingdom
4. Big Ben 5. the Amazon 6. The Channel Islands 7. the National
Museum 8. the Statue of Liberty 9. Central Park 10. the Pacific
Ocean
Exercise 5:
1.a;the 2. a; an 3. the; the 4. -; the 5 .- 6. a 7. the; the; the
8. an 9. the; the 10. a; a; a 11. a; the 1 2 .- 1 3 . - ; - 14. an
1 5 . - ; - ; - 16. a 1 7 .- 18. a 19. The; a; a ; - 20. The; the
2 1 .- 22. a; - 23. the; - 2 4 .- 25. the; the
Exercise 6:
1. -; the 2. -; -; - 3. the; - 4. - 5. the; a 6. the; a; the 7. -; the
8. the; a 9. The; the; - 10. the 11. the; a ; - 12. the; the
13. The;-; the 14. The; the; the 15. the 16. a; a; a; the; the
17. the; a 18. the; the; the 19. a; th e ;- 2 0 .-
259
Key - M e goldókulcs
Exercise 7:
I . a 2. an 3 . - 4. an 5 .- 6. the 7. the 8. an 9. the 10. the
I I . the 12. an 13. the 14. a 15. the 1 6 .- 17. the 18. a 19. The
20. a 21. The 22. the
Exercise 8:
I . - 2. the 3. the 4. a 5. a 6. the 7. the 8 . - 9 . - 10. the
I I . a/the 12. a 1 3 .- 14. a 1 5 .- 16. the 17. a 18. a 19. a 2 0 .-
2 1 . - 22. the 23. the
2. Nouns - Főnevek
Exercise 1:
A magánhangzó hiányzik: advice, paper, bread, noise, rain, rice,
food, time, flour, water, glass, housework
A mássalhangzó hiányzik: cheese, money, butter, information,
tennis, petrol, coffee, spaghetti, salt, milk, weather, snow
Exercise 2:
boxes, tomatoes, windows, kisses, pens, lorries, ears, sandwiches,
keys, lives, bags, bridges, pianos, knees, leaves, ladies, fathers,
watches, faces, teeth, knives, bookshelves, cherries, eggs,
dictionaries, holidays, peaches, slices, housewives, trays
Exercise 3:
1. dishes 2. monkeys 3. books; room; bookshelf 4. teeth;
cheese 5. luggage 6. furniture 7. days 8. eggs 9. wallpaper
10. letters 11. hair; eyes 12. snow; months 13. meat; vegetables
14. mountains; lakes 15. lemon
Exercise 4:
1. Is 2. is 3. do 4. is 5. do 6. is 7. is 8. is 9. is 10. are 11. are
12. do 13. are 14. does 15. is 16. is 17. is 18.1s 19. is 20. are
Exercise 5:
1. a box 2. a glass 3. a bag 4. a carton 5. a pound 6. 100 grams
7. a cup 8. ajar 9. a slice 10. a bottle 11. a piece 12. a spoonful
260
r -
Key - M ego ld ó ku lcs |
13. a loaf 14. a packet 15. an item

Exercise 6:
1. soup; spoons; forks; knives 2. pigeons 3. Windows; glass
4. trees; bushes 5. glasses 6. homework 7. meat; places
8. languages 9. firemen; work 10. questions 11. kinds; thoughts
12. fun. 13. money; studies 14. games 15. soldiers 16. hippies;
ideas 17. newspapers 18. tyres; condition 19. mosquitoes 20. wood
Exercise 7:
1. landlady 2. king 3. cow 4. daughter 5. grandpa 6. niece
7. steward 8. duke 9. girl 10. bridegroom 11. fiancée 12. widower
13. heroine 14. sister-in-law
3. Adjectives - Melléknevek
Exercise 1:
1. black 2. nice 3. blue; blond 4. talian 5. expensive 6. serious
7. Poor 8. cold 9. yellow 10. favourite 11. tidy 12. smart
13. popular 14. easy 15. strong
Exercise 2:
1. My parents don't like loud music. 2. Mary has got big brown
eyes. 3. This orange juice was very expensive. 4. Jane is a tall slim
girl. 5. There's a tc,ll young man at the door. 6. I bought a nice
little red car yesterday. 7. She's got beautiful long hair. 8. Our new
house is in a short narrow street. 9. They make cold drinks from
fresh fruit. 10. I'd like to have an elegant light green silk blouse.
Exercise 3:
l.d a rk 2. poor 3. light 4. silent/quiet 5. short 6. hot 7. bad
8. hard/difficult 9. late 10. happy 11. beautiful 12. boring 13. white
14. small 15. short 16. fast 17. old 18. old 19. expensive 20. near
Exercise 4:
1. strong stronger the strongest
261
Key - M egoldókulcs
2. tasty tastier the tastiest

3. brave braver the bravest
4. brilliant more brilliant the most brilliant
5. clever cleverer the cleverest
6. good better the best
7. funny funnier the funniest
8. exciting more exciting the most exciting
9. clean cleaner the cleanest
10. popular more popular the most popular
Exercise 5:
1. quiet quieter the quitest
2. pretty prettier the prettiest
3. few fewer the fewest
4. little less the least
5. safe safer the safest
6. heavy heavier the heaviest
7. bad worse the worst
8. successful more successful the most succesful
9. slim slimmer the slimmest
10. wide wider the widest
11. serious more serious the most serious
12. crowded more crowded the most crowded
13. hard harder the hardest
14. dry drier the driest
15. polite more polite the most polite
Exercise 6:
1. more 2. not 3. more 4. the 5. is 6. as 7. further 8. the 9..
10. more 11. badly 12. faster 13. farther/further 14. expensive 15. less
Exercise 7:
1. Ben Nevis in Scotland is higher than Snowdon in Wales.
2. Glasgow is wetter than London. 3. More people live in Scotland
262
than in Wales. 4. In Britain the summer holiday is shorter than in

Hungary. 5. Fewer people read the Financial Times than The Sun.
6. Julia Roberts is older than Robbie Williams. 7. A Ferrari is faster
than an Opel. 8. My brother is heavier than me / I am.
Exercise 8:
1. Joe gets the best marks. 2. Alex is a lot older than his wife,
Mary. 3. Mike can run faster than us / we can. 4. This road is
longer than I thought. 5. Ski-boots are a lot more expensive than
football boots. 6. I find running more tiring than cycling. 7. No
one in the family knows as much about cars as Donét. / No one in
the family knows more about cars than Donét. 8. I think the
conference last year was better organized. 9. This is the worst
pizza I've ever eaten. 10. My watch is cheaper than yours / the
one you bought. 11. Life in the city is more stressful than in the
country. 12. The vanilla cake is more tasty / tastier than the
chocolate cake.
Exercise 9:
1. the most difficult 2. the prettiest 3. the biggest 4. the highest
5. The longest 6. the most intelligent 7. the cheapest 8. the most
mysterious 9. the most ancient 10. the bloodiest 11. the hottest;
the lowest 12. the most successful
Exercise 10:
1. interested 2. disappointed 3. worried 4. annoying 5. exciting
6. exhausted 7. tiring 8. promising 9. surprised 10. complicated;
confused 11. annoyed 12. charming 13. satisfied 14. impressed
4. Adverbs - Határozók
Exercise 1:
I. beautifully 2. angrily 3. strangely 4. carelessly 5. directly
6. continuously 7. in a lively way 8. gladly 9. heavily 10. fast
I I . logically 12. horribly 13. curiously 14. sweetly 15. completely
263
Exercise 2:
1. loudly 2. hard 3. badly 4. quietly 5. well 6. angrily 7. seriously
8. carefully 9. early 10. well
Exercise 3:
1. quiet 2. well 3. good 4. slowly 5. easily 6. hardly 7. slowly
8. quickly 9. well 10. totally 11. clearly 12. nervously 13. angry;
late 14. nervous; impatiently 15. unexpectedly 16. happily
17. hardly 18. specially 19. completely 20. fast
Exercise 4:
1. healthily 2. quietly 3. easily 4. fast 5. early 6. loudly 7. heavily
8. carefully 9. freshly 10. well
Exercise 5:
1. good 2. terrible 3. sweet; salty 4. impatient 5. happier
6. quickly 7. smart 8. incredibly 9. fluent 10. sad 11. angry 12. tired
13. beautiful; nice 14. sour 15. angrily
Exercise 6:
I. carefully enough 2. enough rain 3. too expensive 4. enough
experience 5. too many; enough seats 6. enough sleep; too noisy
7. too salty 8. big enough 9. light enough 10. enough hot water
I I . too many 12. hard enough 13. too cold 14. too young
15. enough snow 16. lucky enough 17. too heavy 18. close
enough
Exercise 7: So - such (a/an)
1.so 2. such a 3. so 4. so 5. such a 6. so 7. such 8. so
9. such a 10. such 11. such a 12. such 13. such 14. so
1 5 .such a
Exercise 8:
l.very 2. enough 3. quite 4. rather 5. very 6. quite 7. enough
8. so 9. enough 10. quite 11. too 12. rather 13. too 14. so
15. rather 16. quite 17. enough 18. such 19. rather 20. quite
21. very 22. So; enough
264
r
Key - M eg oldó kulcs |
Exercise 9:
1. She didn't behave in a very friendly way. 2. There isn't enough
room for a piano in the living-room. 3. It was quite late when he
came home. 4. He looked at me in a very strange way. 5. Is your
coffee strong enough? 6. The view was so beautiful from the
mountain. 7. John gave me such a nice birthday present. 8. You
will have to work hard to pass the exam.
5. Prepositions - Elöljárószók
Exercise 1:
1. on 2. in 3. on 4. at 5. on 6. in 7. at 8. in 9. in 10. on 11. at
12. in 13. at 14. on 15. in 16. at 17. on 18. on 19. at 20. on
Exercise 2:
1. in 2. on 3. at 4. on 5. at 6. in 7. on 8. in 9. in 10. on 11. at
12. in 13. at 14. on; in 15. on; at 16. on 17. in 18. in 19. at 20. at
Exercise 3:
1. on July 4 2. at 9 o'clock 3. at midnight 4. at the age of 3
5. in 1789 6. on Mother's Day 7. on October 31 8. in the 1600s
9. on Christmas morning 10. in spring
Exercise 4:
1. from; to 2. until 3. since 4. during 5. ago 6. while 7. during
8. while 9. after; during/before 10. since 11. by 12. while
13. during 14. while 15. for
Exercise 5:
1. in; for 2. In; ago; in 3. in; for 4. - 5. - 6. in 7. in; in 8. in 9. on
10. on; in 11. a t ;- 12. on; in 13. in 14. in; during; at; at
15. during; between; in; in 16. in 17. In; in 18. in; on; during
19. on; on; in; in 20. in 21. at; at 22. on 23. at; on 24. at
25. on 26. On 27. in; ago 28. in 29. at 30. in; -
Exercise 6:
1. off 2. into 3. over 4. out of 5. from; along; through 6. to;
265
across 7. in; under 8. in front of; round 9. to; by; by 10. into
11. across 12. under 13. next to 14. between 15. under 16.
below 17. at; into; through 18. At; on 19. from; to; by 2 0 .-;
past; in 21. on; on 22. on
Exercise 7:
1.to 2. for 3 . - 4. for 5 .- 6. to 7. to 8. for 9. to 1 0 .-
6. Pronouns - Névmások
Exercise 1:
1. I; her 2. them 3. They 4. it 5. you 6. It 7. I; them 8. It 9. you
10. us
Exercise 2:
1. It 2. There 3. it 4. It 5. It 6. There 7. There 8. It 9. There 10. it
Exercise 3:
l.y o u r 2. their 3. my 4. you 5. I; them 6. their 7. you 8. her
9. her 10. her 11. our 12. their 13. mine 14. ours 15. your; mine
Exercise 4:
1. yourself 2. myself 3. themselves 4. yourselves 5. himself
6. herself 7. yourself 8. himself 9. yourselves 10. yourself
Exercise 5:
1. this 2. those 3. that 4. those 5. this 6. those 7. These 8. that
Exercise 6:
1. some 2. no 3. some 4. some 5. any 6. any 7. no 8. some;
any 9. no 10. any 11. some 12. any 13. any 14. some 15. any
16. some 17. some 18.no 19. any 20. some
Exercise 7:
1. I know nothing about this town 2. Where is everybody? 3. We
looked everywhere to find the thermometer. 4. There was some
body in our garden. 5. There isn't anything to see here. 6. Some
body has taken my bicycle. 7. Nobody could answer the teacher's
question. 8. Everything in this room belongs to my brother.
266
9. There is something for you on the table. 10. Are you going any
where at the weekend?
Exercise 8:
1. anything 2. anything 3. anyone/anybody 4. nothing 5. some-
body/someone 6. nothing 7. anywhere 8. nobody 9. something
10. somebody 11. anything 12. somewhere
Exercise 9:
1. every 2. all 3. Every 4. all 5. Every 6. all 7. Every 8. All
9. All 10. All
Exercise 10:
1. many 2. few 3. much 4. a few 5. much 6. a lot of 7. a few
8. many 9. many 10. a lot of / a little 11. a few 12. much
13. much 14. many 15. much
7. Gerund, Infinitive and Participle
Exercise 1:
1. getting up 2. driving 3. running 4. laughing 5. moving
6. missing 7. playing 8. looking at 9. hitting; stealing
Exercise 2:
1. to drive 2. to buy 3. to lend 4. to clean 5. to spend 6. to
tell 7. to finish 8. to call 9. to see 10. to know
Exercise 3:
1. visiting 2. to arrive 3. doing; to buy 4. to learn / learning
5. to pass 6. to win 7. feeling 8. buying 9. to steal 10. doing/
to do 11. to talk; working; to listen 12. to take 13. to buy
14. working 15. to borrow 16. putting it out / to put it out; to
call 17. to see 18. to help 19. to call 20. going 21. coughing
22. talking 23. taking 24. being 25. to go
Exercise 4:
1. to come 2. eating; going; working 3. cooking; to tidy 4. to wait
5. to open; to reach 6. to play 7. doing 8. to close 9. to see
267
10. eating 11. to stay 12. to switch on 13. sneezing 14. not to
lock 15. to marry; to be 16. walking 17. to see 18. to wash 19. to
win 20. to switch; going 21. to brush 22. to force/forcing; to buy
23. not to worry 24. to go out 25. to become 26. to live 27. going
28. having; to look after 29. to walk; giving 30. opening
Exercise 5:
1. to; to 2. to 3. - 4. - 5. - 6. - 7. to 8. to 9. to 10. -; to 11.—
12. to; to 13. to ;-; to; t o / - 14. to; t o ;- 1 5 .-
Exercise 6:
1. d 2. i 3. f 4. a 5. h 6. j 7. b 8. c 9. g 10. e
Exercise 7:
1. The stewardess asked all the passengers to leave through the
frontdoor. 2. Mary taught me how to dance English waltz. 3. My
parents enjoy walking in tie woods. 4. Phillip apologised for being
late. 5. The teacher wants her students to be quiet. 6. Peter went to
Rome to see the Colosseum. 7. The teacher didn't let the boys argue.
8. The clown made all the children in the circus laugh. 9. Tom agreed
to cut the grass for me. 10. What do you intend to do / doing in the
future? 11. Do you mind rr.e opening the window? 12. Would you
mind answering the door? 13. Would you be interested in seeing
the Dali exhibition? 14. After switching off the computer he left the
room. 15. He left the restaurant without paying the bill. 16. You are
clever enough to do it by yoi rself. 17. It's too cloudy to see the other
shore across the lake. 18. 7he footballer was seen to kick another
player. 19. I'd rather play tennis than watch it on TV. 20. You should
stop smoking if you want to do sports.
8. Auxiliaries and Modal verbs - Segédigék
Exercise 1:
1. do 2. did 3. do 4. are; am; do 5. Did 6. do 7. have 8. Does/Did
9. did 10. do; is 11. have 12. does 13. has 14. Have 15. was
268
16. is 17. do 18. Was 19. Has 20. am 21. Do 22. were 23. did
24. Have 25. was
Exercise 2:
1. Chefs can cook very well. 2. Sad people can't laugh. 3. A mobile
phone can send messages. 4. Computers can check spelling.
5. MP3 players can't hear. 6. Babies can't walk. 7. Birds can fly.
8. Phones can have conversations. 9. An answering machine can
talk. 10. CD players can play music.
Exercise 3:
1. could 2. Could 3. wasn't able to 4. could 5. couldn't/weren't
able to 6. was able to 7. were able to 8. couldn't 9. could
10. were able to
Exercise 4:
1. Marion could drive a car when she was 18 years old. 2. I'm
sorry but the doctor won't be able to see you until tomorrow
afternoon. 3. When he first went to Spain, Tom found that he
could understand Spanish better than he could speak it. 4. We
won't be able to see that play if we don't book seats soon. 5. This
is all the information I have been able to get so far. 6. I could see
very well as nobody was sitting in front of me in the theatre.
7. Even the weakest students were able to complete the exercise
as they were allowed to look at their notes. 8. Mrs Jones hasn't
been able to buy all the food she needs yet. 9. If I knew what to
do, I could tell you. 10. By the time you finish this course, you'll
be able to speak English well.
Exercise 5:
1. can be 2. I could visit you 3. Can I 4. was able to leave Europe
5. wasn't able to/couldn't 6. can play handball 7. could you open
the window? 8. can't be 9. has been able to fly 10. Can I
Exercise 6:
1. The little girl doesn't have to / needn't come with us. 2. He
doesn't have to / needn't use a calculator for the Physics test.
269
Key - M egold ó ku lcs
3. We don't have to get up early at the weekend. 4. At university

students don't have to take physical education classes for three
semesters. 5. Our guests from Budapest didn't have to change
trains on the way here. 6. I don't have to complete the form on
my own. 7. We haven't had to rewrite our essay twice. 8. If they
don't arrive late, they won't have to wait an hour for the next
train. 9. If you have a common cold, you needn't / don't have to
stay in bed for a week. 10. We didn't have to pay for the concert
tickets. 11. An air hostess doesn't have to work at home. 12. You
don't have to get a visa if you want to go to Spain.
Exercise 7:
l.m u st 2. have you had to 3. had to 4. will have to 5. mustn't
6. had to 7. has had to 8. doesn't have to 9. must 10. did you
have to 11. has to 12. must / have to 13. don't have to 14. has
had to 15. must / have to
Exercise 8:
1. don't have to 2. don't have to 3. must 4. have to 5. mustn't
6. must 7. don't have to 8. mustn't 9. mustn't 10. don't have to
Exercise 9:
I. has to 2. shouldn't 3. don't have to 4. has to 5. should
6. shouldn't 7. should 8. have to 9. don't have to 10. has to
I I . shouldn't 12. doesn't have to 13. (will) have to 14. shouldn't;
should 15. shouldn't
Exercise 10:
1. Last year Mary was allowed to hire a clown for her birthday
party. 2. Alison isn't allowed to / mustn't stay out late at night.
3. Students will be allowed to enter the room well before the
exam tomorrow. 4. Little Tommy hasn't been allowed to come
home from school alone yet. 5. Ben has been allowed to play
computer games since he learnt to read. 6. You mustn't throw
rubbish in the park. 7. Students will be allowed to use a calculator
in Maths classes even in primary schools in ten years' time.
270
8. Students weren't allowed to go to school without wearing a

uniform when I was at school. 9. Girls mustn't / aren't allowed to
wear a make-up in this school. 10. I will be allowed to go to that
rock festival on my own next year.
Exercise 11:
1. She must like wearing green. It may/must be her lucky colour.
2. He must be rich. He must love her a lot. 3. She must/may be
around 35. She can't be more than 40. 4. She may/might have to
work overtime. She may/might not be happy about what you
said. 5. He must read a lot. He must/may have a good memory.
Exercise 12:
1. may 2. must 3. may not 4. must 5. must/may 6. must/may/
might; can't 7. can't 8. might 9. must 10. may not 11. may
12. may 13. can't 14. must 15. may not
Exercise 13:
1. may arrive late. 2. should go and see a specialist. 3. must be a
lot of visitors here in the summer. 4. mustn't park here. 5. may
be in the garden. 6. must always be very busy in this restaurant.
7. the age of 7 and 16 must go to school in Hungary. 8. couldn't
get through. 9. didn't have to work long hours. 10. can't be
abroad. 11. can dance very well. 12. must help your father.
13. may/might need some help to finish the work. 14. can't
remember the name of my first teacher. 15. was able to run the
ten-mile distance, though I felt very tired halfway through the
race. 16. shouldn't leave now. 17. could read and write at the
age of five. 18. can ride a horse. 19. can't be correct. 20. doesn't
have to decide immediately.
271
9. Tenses - Igeidők
Exercise 1:
1. My father doesn't drive a Rolls Royce. 2. English children don't
open their Xmas presents on Christmas Eve. 3. My younger brother
doesn't speak French. 4. Our lessons don't start at 7 o'clock in the
morning. 5. I don't want to be an engineer. 6. We don't spend
our holidays abroad. 7. I don't read my emails every day. 8. My
teacher doesn't want to take us to the zbo. 9. It doesn't often
snow in London in winter. 10. Clothes don't tell us a lot about the
person wearing them.
Exercise 2:
1. snows 2. Does Sam live 3. plays 4. dor't live. 5. dp you want
6. looks 7. gets 8. Does bus No. 2 stop 9. hate 10. sell
Exercise 3:
1. Do you ever get up before 6 o'clock? 2. We often go to the
theatre. 3. Patrick never does his homework. 4. We usually go to
Austria in summer. 5. What time do you usually go to bed? 6. Mr
Baker always wears a tie at work. 7. Why don't you ever write to
him? 8. We play tennis every Friday afternoon. 9. She always
does the shopping at lunchtime. 10. Do you always remember
your girlfriend's birtday?
Exercise 4:
1. What does Jerry want to be? 2. Who do these football boots
belong to? 3. Who lives about three miles away? 4. What do you
like? 5. When / What time does he arrive at school? 6. What do
you do in your family? 7. What does your aunt do? 8. Where do
they usually meet? 9. How often does Kate go jogging? 10. Who
doesn't like action films?
Exercise 5:
1. is playing 2. is swimming 3. is studying for 4. are packing; are
moving 5. are sitting 6. am writing 7. is playing 8. is happening;
272
Key - M e go ld ó ku lcs
are we stopping 9. are not studying 10. is still looking for 11. is
blowing 12. is freezing 13. is making 14. are you digging 15. am
beginning
Exercise 6:
I. wear; I usually sit 2. I'm watching 3. finishes; leaves 4. I'm still
writing 5. Do you usually dream 6. doesn't come; doesn't even
speak 7. hates 8. don't open 9. I'm planning 10. I'm cleaning
I I . look 12. are playing 13. I'm just brushing 14. it never breaks
down 15. is happening
Exercise 7:
1. He is studying for his exam right now. 2. This cake tastes
delicious. 3. - 4. Why are you leaving? Aren't you enjoying the
party? 5. Many people don't believe in the future. 6. David is a
painter and decorator. He is working in a hotel lobby now.
7. What do you see at the end of the corridor? 8. Does your sister
like what she is doing / she does? 9. - 10. She smells everything
before starting to eat.
Exercise 8:
l.h a v e 2. is waiting 3. is getting 4. smell 5. do you have
6. is coming 7. is having 8. don't usually drink 9. are having
10. don't understand; are writing 11. think; is burning 12. am
going; Do you need 13. does this word mean 14. do you have;
are you getting on 15. is not coming
Exercise 9:
infinitive - past tense - past participle
1. run - ran - run 2. rise - rose - risen 3. make - made - made
4. feel - felt - felt 5. lie (fekszik) - lay - lain 6. leave - left - left
7. ring - rang - rung 8. drive - drove - driven 9. fly -fle w -
flown 10. meet - met - met 11. steal - stole - stolen 12. teach -
taught - taught 13. hurt - hurt - hurt 14. see - saw - seen
15. take - took - taken 16. wear - wore - worn 17. shine -
shone-shone 18. break-broke - broken 19. eat - ate - eaten
273
20. ride - rode - ridden 21. cost - cost - cost 22. freeze - froze -
frozen 23. grow - grew - grown 24. hide - hid - hidden 25. shoot
- s h o t -s h o t 26. lay - laid - laid 27. spend - spent - spent
28. stand - stood - stood 29. think - thought - thought 30. feed
- fed - fed
Exercise 10:
l.w a s 2. was 3. got up 4. made 5. got up 6. were 7. stopped
8. left 9. saw 10. was 11. started 12. ate 13. finished 14. didn't
usually get 15. stayed 16. left 17. got 18. didn't work 19. ate
20. did 21. watched 22. read
Exercise 11:
1. Amanda in London, Great-Britain was learning to play golf.
2. Zita in Zenta, Serbia was celebrating the birthday of her village.
3. Zsófi in Szeged, Hungary was driving home in her father's car.
4. Wendy and her family in Oakland, California were getting up.
5. Sergei and his friends in Moscow, Russia were playing football.
6. Jose in Brasilia, Brazil was going to his office. 7. Sheena in New
Delhi, India was having dinner. 8. Vong in Saigon, Vietnam was
watching TV. 9. Takoma in Tokyo, Japan was going to bed.
10. Martin and Janet in Sydney, Australia were sleeping.
Exercise 12:
1. lost 2. were you; tried; didn't answer 3. sent; answered 4. was
playing; started 5. fell off; stopped 6. hurt; was running 7. was
picking up; was painting 8. were you doing; cut 9. was giving;
were writing 10. didn't go; was revising 11. went off; was having
12. was feeding; arrived 13. was drinking; knocked; spilt 14. went;
arrived; was playing; had to 15. had; was; was raining 16. wasn't;
called; was helping; 17. were skiing 18. was; went; was shining;
was blowing 19. was reading; fell; closed; left 20. did you hear;
said; wasn't listening
Exercise 13:
1. have broken 2. has lost 3. have seen 4. have never told
274
Key - M eg oldó kulcs J
5. Have you ever flown 6. has spent 7. hasn't met 8. Has your
brother married 9. hasn't fed 10. Have you told 11. has always
wanted 12. have already arrived; haven't laid 13. I have ever seen
14. have finished 15. have moved 16. has learnt 17. has liked
18. has never seen 19. have had 20. has already gone
Exercise 14:
1. has eaten 2. has already started 3. Have you missed 4. has
finally decided 5. haven't spoken 6. have made 7. have just
invited 8. has rung 9. have lived 10. have ridden
Exercise 15:
1. How long has he had a beard? When did he start to grow it?
2. How long has she been in love with Bob? When did she fall in
love with him? 3. How long have you had a car? When did you
buy it? 4. How long has James smoked? When did he start
smoking? 5. How long have they been married? When did they
get married?
Exercise 16:
1. since 2. for 3. .- ince 4. for 5. since 6. for 7. since 8. for 9. since
10. since 11. for 12. since 13. since 14. for 15. since
Exercise 17:
1. since 2. for .-..since 4. for 5. since 6. since 7. for 8. Since
9. for 10. for
Exercise 18:
1. did you have 2. Have you had 3. met 4. failed 5. haven't eaten
6. hasn't watered 7. got 8. Have you ever tried 9. has climbed
10. has had; got 11. has already landed 12. won 13. have
recently become 14. suffered; didn't perform 15. has already
been; was 16. knew 17. have lost 18. has stolen; left 19. haven't
finished 20. havi bought
Exercise 19:
1. We've been on the beach for more than an hour. 2. They have
lived in Kings Roc.d since their son was born. 3. Diana has never
275
failed her exam. 4. I saw George a couple of minutes ago. 5. Tom

hasn't made up his mind yet. 6. Has Anna ever read a book in
English? 7. When did it stop raining? 8. Has Martin found a
good job yet? 9. How long haven't you been abroad? 10. How
long have they been engaged?
Exercise 20:
1. won't 2. will 3. won't 4. will 5. won't 6. will 7. will 8. will
9. will 10. Will
Exercise 21:
1. will 2. will you 3. will 4. Will you do 5. will 6. won't 7. will
8. are you going to 9. Will you 10. will 11. will 12. am going to;
are going to 13. will 14. am going to 15. is going to; is going to
16. is going to 17. will 18. will 19. are we going to 20. won't
Exercise 22:
I. am going 2. starts 3. will be 4. am going to give/am giving
5. does your plane take off 6. am going to 7. are you going to
do / are you doing; am meeting / am going to meet 8. is going
to have 9. will have 10. Are you going to take / Are you taking
I I . will be 12. will find 13. are you going to do 14.w illcarry
15. won't have
10. Passive Voice - Szenvedő szerkezet
Exercise 1:
1. The invitations are sent. 2. The wedding dress is made. 3. The
wedding rings are bought. 4. The wedding cake is baked. 5. The
bouquet of flowers is ordered. 6. The car is decorated. 7. The
music for the ceremony is chosen. 8. The restaurant is booked.
9. Photographs are taken. 10. Music is played.
Exercise 2:
1. My flat is cleaned every Friday. 2. Football is played by eleven
people. 3. How is Yorkshire pudding made? 4. Where is the best
276
Key - M e go ld ó ku lcs
champagne made? 5. What languages are spoken in Switzerland?

6. This tray is made of plastic. 7. A corkscrew is used for opening
bottles. 8. Martini is drunk with ice. 9. A lot of rice is eaten in
China. 10. English is spoken all over the world. 11. Rolls Royce cars
are produced for the rich. 12. Cars are tested before they are sold.
Exercise 3:
1. Our house was built ten years ago. 2. America was discovered
in 1492. 3. The grass wasn't cut yesterday. 4. Were you invited to
the party? 5. Pete's car was stolen last night. 6. Radio was
invented by Marconi. 7. Nobody was injured in the car crash.
8. My father's office was decorated last week. 9. Several houses
were destroyed in the flood last spring. 10. This silk dress was
designed by Kati Zoób. 11. My car was serviced a week ago.
12. This tree was blown out in the wind last night.
Exercise 4:
1. Penicillin was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming. 2. A kettle
is used for boiling water. 3. The window frames were painted last
month. 4. Everything will be arranged tomorrow. 5. Excellent
maple syrup is made in Canada. 6. The leaking roof will be
repaired next week. 7. Telephone cards aren't sold anymore. 8. The
new underground line will be finished next year. 9. She was
taught how to play the flute by a very young musician. 10. This
exhibition was visited by more than 50,000 people. 11. Their new
house was built in less than six months. 12. Milk isn't delivered in
cities in England anymore. 13. The ceremony will be held
tomorrow. 14. Two of his milk teeth were pulled out the other
day. 15. Several different items are lost by students every day.
Exercise 5:
1. Animals shouldn't be kept in cages. 2. The invitation hasn't
been sent yet. 3. Sick people are looked after by nurses in
hospitals. 4. Yoghurt can be made from milk. 5. Was this delicious
fruit cake baked by Susan? 6. The water tower has been finished.
277
7. The floor of the gym hall in the school should be changed.

8. This essay must be written by everybody. 9. You'll be forgiven.
10. The jewels have been stolen from the safe. 11. Panda bears
should be saved. 12. How much whisky is produced in Scotland
a year? 13. They won't be hurt. 14. This dog was found in the
street. 15. All the windows should be closed before you leave the
office. 16. This gate mustn't be left open. 17. The race car has
been repaired. 18. The local bank was robbed by three armed men
yesterday. 19. How many cars have been produced in Hungary
since Suzuki Factory was opened in Esztergom? 20. Who was
Hadrian's Wall built by?
Exercise 6:
1. We were invited to their wedding anniversary. 2. James should
be told the bad news as soon as possible. 3. They'll be informed
tomorrow. 4. Phil has been offered a good job by the local
television company. 5. How much were you paid for digging their
garden? 6. I wasn't given the chance to say'No'. 7. The crops
were ruined by the storm. 8. The Millers will be given a bigger flat
by the local government. 9. The children were frightened by the
strange noise. 10. Sue is bought everything she asks for by her
parents. / Everything she asks for is bought for Sue by her parents.
11. Were you disturbed last night? 12. We were given a lesson by
the new teacher yesterday. 13. My father will be operated on by a
very famous surgeon. 14. What were you shown? 15. As his
parents died, Ted was brought up by his grandparents. 16. The
boy was heard to say something rude. 17. Poor people are given
free meals by this charity organization. / Free meals are given to
poor people by this charity organization. 18. You were brought
this parcel by a special delivery service. / This parcel was brought
to you by a special delivery service. 19. I was made to do the job
on my own. 20. She wasn't brought any flowers. / No flowers
were brought to her.
278
Key - M e go ld ó ku lcs ^
Exercise 7:
1. were held 2. took place 3. started 4. brought 5. became
6. decided 7. were held 8. was included 9. was added 10. were
staged 11. took part 12. were held
Exercise 8:
1. grew 2. grew 3. were needed 4. imported 5. was developed
6. became 7. carried 8. were traded 9. were taken 10. were
traded 11. returned 12. grew
11. Asking questions, tag-questions -

Kérdésfeltevés, utókérdés
Exercise 1:
1. d 2. f 3. o 4. I 5. i 6. b 7. k 8. m 9. n 10. e 11. g 12. p
13. j 14. a 15. h 16. c
Exercise 2:
1. Is Sheila married? 2. Does she come from England? 3. Where
is she staying? 4. Have you met her? 5. What is she like? 6. What
does she like about Hungary? 7. How often does she go out?
8. How long has she been in Hungary? 9. How long is she going
to stay? 10. Where did you go last night? 11. How much were
the tickets? 12. Have her parents visited her yet?
Exercise 3:
1. Who woke you up this morning? Who did he wake up? When
did he wake you up? What did he do this morning? 2. What will
the weather be like this afternoon? When will the weather be
nice? 3. Who has decided to rewrite the letter? What have you
decided to do? Why have you decided to rewrite the letter? Who
made mistakes? How many mistakes did you make? 4. Who was
given a gold medal? What was Steve given? What kind of medal
was he given?
279
Exercise 4:
1. What has Paula just joined? 2. Who became a professional
criminal at the age of eighteen? 3. How did you feel when your
exam was over? 4. What do you have to do at 9 o'clock? 5. Who
called you this morning? 6. What is Robert's best subject? 7. What
did Jack borrow for the weekend? 8. What is Sue like? 9. How
does Diana always treat animals? 10. Who were you talking to
when you were cut off? 11. What aren't you interested in?
12. What kind of advertisement did you see in the local paper?
13. Whose teacher was impressed by our performance? 14. How
often is Sally late for school? 15. How much did this ring cost?
16. What is Rita fond of? 17. What was there by his bed? 18. What
couldn't you see? 19. When will he phone you? 20. What have
you just done? 21. What are they still trying to do? 22. Who are
you going out with tonight? 23. How long have your sons had
French lessons? 24. Which holiday does Charlotte want? 25. What
is Mary looking at? 26. What does Fiona like?
Exercise 5:
I. is it? 2. hasn't she? 3. didn't he? 4. will you? 5. am I? 6. is it?
7. should they? 8. haven't we? 9. wouldn't they? 10. did you?
I I . doesn't he/she? 12. are there? 13. doesn't she? 14. hasn't
he? 15. isn't she? 16. can they? 17. aren't I? 18. shall we?
19. will you? 20. doesn't he? 21. won't you? 22. isn't it?
23. shouldn't she? 24. haven't they? 25. can they?
12. Conditional - Feltételes mód
Exercise 1:
1. If you come too near me, you'll catch my cold. 2. If you don't
water the plants, they'll die. 3. If you drop this glass, it'll brake.
4. If Tom gets here before 9 o'clock, I'll see him. 5. If you get sick,
you won't be able to go on the trip.
2 80
Exercise 2:
1. go; won't feel 2. don't prepare; won't pass 3. asks; will help
4. arrive; won't serve 5. is; will call 6. will get; plays 7. boils;
won't be 8. will hurt; sit 9. buy; will you pay 10. listen; will
complain 11. will go; saves 12. won't do; feels 13. don't see;
will call 14. doesn't go; will watch 15. want; will need
Exercise 3:
1. d 2. e 3. b 4. g 5. a 6. h 7. f 8. c
Exercise 4:
1. If I don't feel better tomorrow, I will call the doctor. 2. If you
hurry, you will catch the bus. 3. If we reach the top, we will have
a beautiful view. 4. If they enjoy extreme sports, they will love
New Zealand. 5. If it's sunny, we will go to the beach. 6. If you
don't take your umbrella, you will get wet. 7. If she reads this
book carefully, she will understand it. 8. If you drive more care
fully, you won't have so many accidents.
Exercise 5:
1. We would go to the beach if it wasn't/weren't too cold. 2. If
you broke it, you would have to pay for it. 3. If I didn't manage
to fix it myself, I would take it to the mechanic. 4. If you hung the
clothes in the garden, they would dry soon. 5. If you liked those
trainers, I would buy them for you. 6. What would happen if your
brother didn't come home tonight? 7. Would they cut off my
electricity if I didn't pay the bill? 8. If little Johnny was/were
careful enough, he wouldn't fall off the stairs. 9. Pat would catch
a cold if she didn't put on warm clothes. 10. If it snowed at the
weekend, we would go skiing in the mountains. 11. That box
would look better if you painted it light blue. 12. If you travelled
by plane, you would get there a lot sooner. 13. They would
certainly come if you asked them in time. 14. If I had more time,
I would write a long letter to you. 15. Patsy would be very pleased
if you remembered her birthday.
281
Exercise 6:
1. gave; would buy 2. had; would play 3. Would you tell; saw
4. would your mother do; didn't arrive 5. were; would buy
6. couldn't do; wouldn't ask 7. Would you mind; came 8. lived;
would have to 9. worked; would have to 10. watched; would
improve 11. took; would be 12. would tell; were 13. wouldn't
do; offered 14. wouldn't marry; begged 15. left; would be
Exercise 7:
1. If I met Prince Harry, I would ask for an autograph. 2. If I found
a wallet in the street, I would take it to the police station. 3. If I
had a headache, I would take some aspirin. 4. If I won the lottery,
I would travel around the world. 5. If I didn't understand my
Maths homework, I would ask my teacher to explain it. 6. If I
went to London, I would take a double-decker bus. 7. If the
house next door caught fire, I would call the fire brigade. 8. If I
got on the wrong bus, I would get off at the next stop. 9. If I had
a driving licence, I would drive to school. 10. If I hurt my best
friend, I would apologise to her.
Exercise 8:
I. If he worked hard, he would earn much more money. 2. If you
watered your plants frequently, they would grow well. 3. If pigs
had wings, they could fly. 4. If Chris wanted coffee, I would make
one. 5. If I was/were diligent enough, I would make some progress.
6. If oil wasn't/weren't lighter than water, it wouldn't loat. 7. If
he liked this car, he would buy it. 8. If we knew his address, we
could send him a postcard. 9. If I was/were invited to the party,
I would go. 10. If Joanna felt well, she would get out of bed.
I I . Chris would be fat if he ate a lot. 12. If Paul wasn't/ weren't
too short, he would be in the basketball team. 13. If I spoke
French, I could talk to Jacques. 14. If there was enough snow, we
could go skiing. 15. If my brother could swim, he could go into
the pool on his own.
282
13. Clauses - M ellékmondatok
Exercise 1:
1. Before I go shopping, I'll call you. 2. He'll be very happy as
soon as he gets the message. 3. He'll buy a newspaper before he
gets on the train. 4. After I finish reading the book, I'll lend it to
you. 5. They'll buy a bag of popcorn before they sit down. 6. Mary
will call you as soon as her baby is born. 7. I'll look after your kids
while you're away. 8. I'll tell you my secret as long as you promise
not to tell it to anyone. 9. The children will go out to play in the
garden as soon as it stops raining. 10. I'll take an umbrella with
me in case it rains.
Exercise 2:
I. will speak; am 2. will have to leave; is 3. will close; falls
4. gets 5. won't start; disappears 6. will you think; say 7. will
stop; starts 8. will have; get 9. will make; get 10. will do; goes
I I . will be; lands; will have; will you give 12. find
Exercise 3:
1. A professor is someone who gives lectures at the university.
2. A doctor is someone who cures sick people. 3. A nurse is some
one who looks after sick people in hospital. 4. A photographer is
someone who takes pictures. 5. A porter is someone who carries
luggage. 6. A chef is someone who cooks meals in a restaurant.
7. An actor is someone who performs something on the stage.
8. A painter is someone who paints portraits.
Exercise 4:
1. A pair of scissors is something that cuts things. 2. A calculator
is something that helps you count. 3. A lawnmower is something
that cuts the grass in your garden. 4. A hairdryer is something
that makes your hair dry. 5. A washing machine is something that
cleans the dirty clothes. 6. An oven is something that bakes cakes.
7. A CD player is something that plays music. 8. A vacuum cleaner
283
is something that cleans your carpet and floor.

Exercise 5:
1. Here is your message which/that Mr Brown left yesterday.
2. The washing machine which/that the couple got from his
grandmother broke down after two weeks. 3. I know a lot of
people who don't speak languages. 4. Where are the guests who
ordered this champagne? 5. This is the river which/that flows
across our city. 6. There's a man on the phone who wants to talk
to you. 7. I like the flowers which/that are in front of your house.
8. She's watching a film which/that I don't like. 9. There's a hole
on the jumper which/that I bought yesterday. 10. The ticket office
which/that sold these tickets is in the centre. 11. The person who
asked us for some directions spoke the language with a strange
accent. 12. George works in a shop which /that sells mobile
phones.
Exercise 6:
l.w h o 2. who 3 . - 4 . - 5. who 6 .- 7. who 8 .- 9. which/that
1 0 .- 1 1 .who 1 2 .- 1 3 .who 1 4 .- 1 5 .which 1 6 .- 1 7 .-
18. which/that 19. which/that 20. which/that
Exercise 7:
1. How did you find the restaurant where you had your wedding
reception? 2. A hospital is a place where sick people are cured.
3. Can you show me the drawer where you want me to put the
spoons? 4. A can't find a place in town where they can repair my
bag. 5. The village where my father was born has grown a lot
and become a town. 6. An Internet café is a place where you can
have a drink and surf the Internet.
Exercise 8:
l.w h o 2. - 3. whose 4 .- 5. whose 6. whose 7. where 8. where
9 . - 1 0 .- 11. whose 1 2 .- 13. which/that 14. which/that
15. whom 16. whose 17. where 1 8 .- 1 9 .- 20. which/that
284
Key - M e go ld ó ku lcs |
14. Reported speech - Függő beszéd
Exercise 1:
I. John says (that) he bought his car a week ago. 2. Tim and
Fiona say (that) they're going to get married next year. 3. Ben
says (that) his father's an engineer. 4. The cleaning lady says
(that) she's been cleaning that flat all day. 5. Judy thinks (that)
they were there last week. 6. My cousin tells me (that) he/she
hasn't met my boyfriend yet. 7. Tim promises his mother (that)
he'll be back in an hour. 8. David confesses his wife (that) he has
spent all his money. 9. The boss tells us (that) we have to work a
lot harder. 10. Susan hopes (that) she'll be able to pass her exam.
I I . Susan tells the repairman (that) she'll take him some tea when
he has finished. 12. Mother promises her daughter (that) she'll
do everything she can to help her.
Exercise 2:
1. Grandma asks her granddaughter if she likes strawberries.
2. The waiter asks us if we would like strawberry ice-cream.
3. Peter asks Sheila if she has met his brother. 4. The teacher asks
Paul how long his mum has been away. 5. Father wants to know
who Mrs Brown is. 6. Father asks his son if Mrs Brown is his Biology
teacher. 7. The headmaster asks the students what's happening
there. 8. The boss asks Mr Jones when he finished his work last
night. 9. The school nurse asks Jimmy if he isn't feeling well.
10. The travel agent asks Mary if she wants to go by plane or by
coach. 11.1 wonder if it's going to rain this afternoon. 12. My
future mother-in-law wants to know if I can cook. 13. Mother
asks her daughter who she is in love with. 14. Sheila asks Bob if
he loves her. 15. The teacher asks her students what they're
planning to do during the autumn break.
Exercise 3:
1. My grandma asks me to help her (to) look for her glasses.
285 .
2. Peter wants to know what time it is. 3. Mum tells me on the

phone (that) Gerry went to see them yesterday. 4. The teacher
asks Jill if she knows the answer to that question. 5. Mother tells
her son to put on his coat or he may feel cold. 6. Father asks
Donald to go out and get him a newspaper. 7. My boss promises
(that) he'll return in time for the meeting. 8. Mary tells her children
to go out and play in the garden. 9. My friend tells me to invite
both of them. 10. The tour guide says to the tourists (that)
tomorrow they're going to visit the cathedral. 11. Mrs White asks
her neighbour to post that letter for her. 12. A passenger asks the
man at the information office when the next train to Poole is.
13. Jane asks her roommate why all her books are lying on the
floor. 14. Grandma asks her grandson to bring her a carton of
milk when he goes (to see her). 15. Jill asks me who I'm waiting
for. 16. The Chemistry teacher tells the students not to touch
anything until he/she gets back. 17. She wonders if they will
believe her. 18. Peter tells his friends (that) his mum doesn't let
him go with them. 19. Jill asks her husband if he can slow down
a bit. (Jill asks her husband to slow down a bit.) 20. Janet asks
her sister not to tell the news to anybody.
Exercise 4:
l.to ld 2. tell 3. says 4. ask 5. tell 6. ask/tell 7. tell/ask 8. says
9. tell 10. asks
Exercise 5:
1. David says he has to be back by 4 o'clock. 2. Pat tells the dentist
that she won't open her mouth. 3. Mary is asking a policeman
where the bank is. 4. David wants to know what time his mother
gets home. 5. The students wonder why the door of their
classroom isn't open. 6. John asks us if we often go skating.
7. Librarians often ask the visitors not to make noise. 8. My son
asks me who I sat next to in class.
2 86
Key - M e go ld ó ku lcs fj^
15. Conjunctions and linkers -
Kötőszók, a szöveg kapcsolóelemei
Exercise 1:
l.b u t 2. or 3. and 4. but 5. or 6. and 7. but 8. and 9. but
10. but 11. and 12. and 13. or 14. but 15. or
Exercise 2:
1. or I'll call the police. 2. and we took some nice photographs.
3. but I can't remember his name. 4. or would you like to walk?
5. and ask for help. 6. and there's a radiator in every room. 7. or
you can sit where you are. 8. but we can't move in until next
month. 9. but she hasn't got married yet. 10. or they'll hurt even
more.
Exercise 3:
1. because it was very hot in the room. 2. so you won't find them
at home this evening. 3. so everybody likes her. 4. because she
was ill. 5. because it's late. 6. because she wasn't interested. 7. so
I'm starving now. 8. because I didn't know the address. 9. so he
asked the teacher to explain it again. 10. so you should try to talk
to him.
Exercise 4:
1. Despite the rain we went out for a walk. 2. Although it was
snowy, they decided to go by car. 3. Despite the terrible food we
went there for dinner the next day too, because Jim liked the
waitress. 4. Although Sally was said, she tried to smile at every
body there. 5. Although she had low grades, she was admitted to
university. 6. Despite not being / Despite the fact that she isn't a
Hungarian citizen, she has to pay income taxes in Hungary.
7. Even though he was really tired, he couldn't sleep. 8. Although
they were the better team, they couldn't win the match.
Exercise 5:
1. Despite / In spite of 2. although 3. although 4. Despite/In
287
spite of 5. although 6. Although 7. Although 8. Despite /In

spite of 9. Although 10. Despite / In spite of
Exercise 6:
1. because 2. although 3. although 4. so 5. but 6. so 7. because
8. so 9. or 10. but 11. Although 12. or 13. Although 14. and
15. but
Exercise 7:
1. We can either prepare dinner for them or take them to a
restaurant. 2. I'm going to give my friend either a CD or a necklace
for her birthday. 3. Neither the driver of the car nor the passengers
were injured in the accident. 4. Both the cyclist and the pedestrian
were taken to hospital. 5. He neither drinks nor smokes. 6. They
bought not only a house but also a new car at the same time.
7. The guests had both lunch and dinner with us. 8. Not only the
Maths teacher is ill today, but the Biology teacher is also away.
9. Tomorrow there will be either rain or snow. 10. I'm really
unlucky. I not only lost my wallet, but also my key.
16. Word form ation - Szóképzés
Exercise 1:
- er: manager, interpreter, photographer, survivor, teacher, inventor,
entertainer, producer, actor, adviser
- ian: politician, musician, mathematician
- ist: scientist, artist, journalist, receptionist, humorist, stylist,
economist
Exercise 2:
I. discovery 2. jealousy 3. stupidity 4. monarchy 5. epubli-
canism 6. height 7. ignorance 8. length 9. youth 10. curiosity
I I . sweetness 12. agreement 13. illness 14. security 15. reality
16. criticism 17. originality 18. protection 19. movement
20. creation
288
Key - M ego ld ó ku lcs ^
Exercise 3:
1. laziness 2. happiness 3. darkness 4. length 5. ability
6. generosity 7. depth 8. shortage 9. freedom 10. personality
Exercise 4:
I. hopeful/hopeless 2. salty 3. childish 4. accidental 5. sunny
6. golden 7. windy 8. fearful 9. steamy 10. continental
I I . humorous 12. effective 13. tasty 14. foolish 15. noisy
16. northern 17. lucky 18. religious 19. suitable 20. beautiful
Exercise 5:
1. creative 2. dirty 3. mysterious 4. attractive 5. endless
6. dangerous 7. wonderful 8. luxurious 9. disgusting 10. dramatic
Exercise 6:
1. unfortunately 2. to misunderstand 3. unemployed 4. impatient
5. immoral 6. dishonest 7. inhuman 8. imperfect 9. to disagree
10. useless
Exercise 7:
1. competitions 2. uncomfortable 3. directions 4. information
5. education 6. announcement 7. geographical 8. explanation
9. decision 10. comedian 11. valuable 12. disappearance
13. sleepy 14. qualifications 15. worthless 16. shorten
17. unexpectedly 18. unavoidable 19. disadvantages
20. guidance 21. traditional 22. safety 23. communication
24. disagree 25. musical
Exercise 1:
l.th e 2 .- 3. an 4. the 5. a 6. a 7. an 8 .- 9. the 10. the
11. the 12. a 13. the 14. a 15. the 16. the 17. the 1 8 .- 19. a
20. an 21. a
Exercise 2:
in: the 19th century, the morning, 2006, spring, the 1990s,
289
two weeks, June

on: Friday night, Tuesday, 1 October, their wedding day, Thanks
giving Day, New Year's Eve
at: the end of the school year, night, the age of 20, present, Easter,
6.30 a.m., the moment
Exercise 3:
in: the mountains, the sky, my hand, hospital, my bag, bed, a
village, the mirror, the park, a line, the picture, the room
on: the floor, the radio, the top shelf, the wall, my way to work
at: the bus-stop, the end of the street, work, the station, home,
the cinema, the traffic lights, school
Exercise 4:
1. nothing 2. somewhere 3. anywhere 4. anybody; anything
5. something; somewhere 6. anything 7. anybody 8. somebody
9. Nobody 10. anywhere
Exercise 5:
1. spending; going 2. to turn down; to make 3. help; (to) do
4. fighting 5. inviting; to be 6. going 7. to buy 8. working 9. feel
10. Looking 11. pay 12. learning; to be 13. to see 14. to get lost 15.
to pay 16. leave 17. travelling 18. to watch 19. repeating 20. to go
Exercise 6:
1. Why 2. How 3. What 4. Why 5. What 6. Why 7. What
8. What 9. How 10. who 11. Why 12. Which 13. How many
14. How 15. What
Exercise 7:
1. We couldn't go to our favourite restaurant because they were
decorating it. 2. Can I have the menu, please? 3. Could you tell
me the code for Manchester, please? 4. You have to wear a
seatbelt when you drive in England. 5. In some schools children
have to wear a uniform. 6. You can walk in the park but you
mustn't skateboard or play football. 7. They look so much alike,
they must be twins. 8. You should talk to your mum first. 9. You
290
mustn't take your ice-cream into the museum. 10. You'll have to
repair the fence, as your dog shouldn't come over to our garden.
11. He can't be in the library at the moment. 12. Do I have to get
a visa to Egypt? 13. You shouldn't go swimming after a big meal.
14. May I / Can I open the window? 15. The students were allowed
to leave school early yesterday. 16. You mustn't steal. 17. The bag
may belong to Kate. 18. These tomatoes may/might not be fresh.
Exercise 8:
1. It isn't a very exciting performance. 2. She isn't working
extremely hard this week. 3. He hasn't finished his beer yet. 4. The
kitchen doesn't need to be decorated every year. 5. We haven't
sold our old car. 6. Peter doesn't need a Think Pad for his job.
7. We won't have to finish it in half an hour. 8. You needn't / don't
have to answer every question in detail. 9. You aren't allowed to
stay up late today. 10. His parents couldn't speak German at the
age of five. 11. I don't often visit my cousin in Austria. 12. Ann
hasn't got two cats. 13. There isn't a florist's on the corner of the
next street. 14. I didn't buy this watch for my friend. 15. They
don't grow oranges in England. 16. My house isn't being
decorated at the moment. 17. They wouldn't help you if you asked
them. 18. They may not sell all the tickets by that time.
Exercise 9:
1. noticed 2. went 3. saw 4. was feeling 5. sat 6. helped 7. heard
8. tried 9. ran 10. hid 11. thought 12. noticed 13. became 14. went
15. saw 16. was missing 17. were 18. pulled 19. beat 20. called
Exercise 10:
1. The exhibition of his photographs is going to be opened
tomorrow. 2. Last week a new secondary school was opened by
the Mayor in the suburbs. 3. The gym hall is used only for indoor
sports. 4. In Scotland haggis is made on the basis of secret recipes.
5. It'll be finished by tomorrow. 6. The lights have been turned
off. 7. This parcel has to be dealt with very carefully. It's fragile.
291
8. He must be told the news. 9. The situation will have to be

accepted sooner or later. 10. This music was written by an unknown
composer. 11. I'm sorry but your boots can't be repaired. 12. The
walls of my brother's room are covered with posters of footballers.
13. Her watch was being repaired while she was doing the
shopping in the department store. 14. My application has been
accepted. 15. Who was Millennium Bridge built by? 16. Their
parents are going to be presented with a luxurious cruise on the
Mediterranean for their wedding anniversary. 17. The accident
happened on a road which was being repaired. 18. She has already
been offered the job. 19. You can't swim now because the
swimming pool is being cleaned. 20. It was the boss's birthday so
coffee and biscuits were handed round.
Exercise 11:
1. was opened 2. is 3. is 4. lies 5. has 6. has 7. lasts 8. oves
9. stops 10. have to 11. is moving 12. has become 13. has
appeared 14. has become 15. is visited 16. means 17. take
18. be bought 19. are 20. have to
Exercise 12:
I. lifts 2. will invite 3. got; wouldn't be 4. had; would drink.
5. was/ were; would be able 6. decide 7. weren't/wasn't; would
go 8. would ask 9. were; would see 10. had; wouldn't call
I I . gets; will call 12. would be; was/were 13. have; will get
14. had; could apply 15. would you like 16. will buy; is
Exercise 13:
1. impolite 2. satisfied 3. carelessness 4. amazement 5. foolish
6. politicians 7. pronunciation 8. explanation 9. accidentally
10. frozen 11. angrily 12. disadvantages 13. unemployed
14. misunderstanding 15. interested 16. strongest 17. less
18. annoying 19. insurance 20. rapidly 21. enjoyable
22. absolutely 23. international 24. irregularly 25. irresistible
292

Dokumen - Tips Learntraining Angol Nyelvtanpdf

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Dokumen - Tips Learntraining Angol Nyelvtanpdf

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Angol

Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítást, a mű bővített,

Kiadói kód: MX-234

ISBN 978 963 962 430 6

© Compact Verlag, M ünchen

1. Articles (definite, indefinite, zero) - Névelők............................... 9

2. Nouns (singular and plural, countable and uncountable) -

3. Adjectives (regular and irregular forms, comparisons) -

4. Adverbs (of place, time and manner) - Határozók.................... 47

5. Prepositions (of time and place; after verbs and adjectives) -

6. Pronouns (personal, object, possessive; one, some and any) -

7. Gerund, Infinitive and Participle ................................................. 95

8. Auxiliaries and Modal verbs - Segédigék ............................. 113

Present Simple - Egyszerű jelen id ő ......................................133

Present Continuous - Folyamatos jelenid ő ............................139

Past Simple - Egyszerű múlt idő ........................................... 147

Past Continuous - Folyamatos múlt id ő ............................... 149

Present Perfect - Befejezett jelen idő ....................................153

Expressing the future (will and going to) - Jövő idő

10. Passive Voice - Szenvedő szerkezet...........................................167

11. Asking questions, tag-questions - Kérdésfeltevés,

12. Conditionals - Feltételes mód ..................................................193

13. Clauses ( time-clause, defining relative clause) -

14. Reported speech - Függő beszéd .............................................215

15. Conjunctions and linkers - Kötőszók, a szöveg

16. Word formation - Szóképzés.................................................... 233

Final Test - Záró teszt ...................................................................... 245

Key - Megoldókulcs......................................................................... 259

Az idegennyelv-tudás egyik alapja a nyelvtani ismeretek elsajátítása.

Bízva abban, hogy kötetünket haszonnal forgatja, jó munkát kívánunk!

A könyvben a következő jelölésekkel találkozhat:

Q Minden fejezetben megtalálja az adott nyelvtani vagy szókincs­

@ A z adott jelenség könnyen érthető példákon keresztül jelenik

Q a kivételekre, a nehézségekre vagy rendhagyó alakra hívja fel a

Ü A nehezebb feladatokra hívja fel a figyelmet.

Határozott névelő: the (a/az)

Annak eldöntésében, hogy a vagy an névelőt használunk, a kiejtés és

Használja a határozatlan (a - an) névelő megfelelő alakját!

A határozatlan névelő használata

1. ha általánosságban beszélünk egy dologról, nem egy meg­

2. leggyakrabban egy ember foglalkozását, rangját, jellemvonását

Q Csak megszámlálható főnevek előtt állhat. Ha egy megszámlálható

3. mértékegységek neve előtt (a one számnév helyett)

Igen gyakori az alábbi típusú kifejezésekben:

Figyelje meg az alábbi kifejezéseket:

4. étkezések neve előtt nem használjuk

Egészítse ki a mondatokat a megfelelő határozatlan

1. This i s ............. picture of me.

15.Jean is studying............. photography because she wants to be

A határozott névelő használata

1. a már említett, mindenki számára egyértelmű dolgok jelölésére

2. olyan tárgyak jelölésére, amelyekből egy van vagy egyértelmű, hogy

3. sorszámnevek előtt (hisz ezek határozottá teszik a főnevet)

4. felsőfokú melléknevek előtt (ezek is egyértelművé teszik, kire

Q She is the most beautiful girl in the class. - Ő a legszebb lány az

5. hangszerek neve előtt a play igével alkotott kifejezésekben

6. emberek csoportját jelölő főnevek előtt

7. emberek csoportját jelölő melléknevek előtt

3 Határozott (the) vagy határozatlan (a/an) névelő hiányzik az

1. Mary i s ............. hairdresser.

12. My sister hasn't found............. job yet.

A határozott névelő használata földrajzi nevek előtt

1. folyók, tengerek, óceánok neve előtt

Q Minden fejezetben megtalálja az adott nyelvtani vagy szókincs

1. ha általánosságban beszélünk egy dologról, nem egy meg

Q Értelemszerűen csak a megszámlálható főnevek használhatók töb