Appendixes A19 and its absorbance was found to be 0.780. Using these data, we want to calculate the percent manganese in the steel. The MnO,” ions from the manganese in the dissolved steel sample show an absorbance of 0.780, Using the Beer-Lambert law, we calculate the concentration of MnO,” inthis solution: A 0780 3.5 x 10-¢ mov a” 248 10° Limol ‘There is @ more direct way for finding c. Using a graph such as that in Fig. A.7 (often called a Beer's law plot), we can read the concentration that corresponds to A (0.780. This interpolation is shown by dashed lines on the graph. By this method, ¢ 3.15 X 10 mol/L, which agrees withthe value obtained above. Recall thatthe original 0.1523-g tec! sample was dissolved, the manganese was con- verted to permanganate, and the volume was adjusted to 100.0 mL. We now know that {Mn0,"] in that solution is 3.15 10™* M. Using this concentration, we can calculate the total number of moles of MaO,” in that solution: IL 100.0 mL x 4 _ x 3,15 x 107 1000 mi = 3.15 x 1075 mol ‘mol of Mn0.~ Since each mole of manganese inthe original steel sample yields a mole of MnO,~ that is, Oxidation 1 mol of Mn "5 1 mol of MnO." the original steel sample must have contained 3.15 X 10° mol of manganese, The mass Cf manganese present in the sample is 54.938 g of Mn 3.15 1075 mol of Mn x S10 1 mol of Mn = 173 x 107 got Mn Since the steel sample weighed 0.1523 g, the present manganese in the steel is 1.73 x 107 goof Mn SE x 100 = 114% 1.523 X10" g of sample ‘This example illustrates a typical use of spectroscopy in quantitative analysis. The steps commonly involved are as follows: 1. Preparation of a calibration plot (a Beer's law plot) by measuring the absorbance values of a series of solutions with known concentrations. 2, Measurement of the absorbance of the solution of unknown concentration, 3. Use of the calibration plot to determine the unknown concentration, [appenvix Foun Per he eee Note: All values are assumed precise to at least + Substance: agi ‘Substance aw AG; and State Taimol_Teimoh _K-mat | | and state Kime} Teme) Kal, Aluminum Barium Alls) 0 0 8 Bats) o oo A106) 1616-1582 51 BaCOAs) -19 1139112 ALOE) -27 Ba0(s) 582-552 70 AICS) 08 uu Ba(O1(s) 946 (continued) Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc.All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, seanned, or duplicated, in whole or in par.A20 Appendixes Appendix Four (continued) Substance aH agi = Substance ai AG. = and State Timo) _Tearmol)_GK- mat |_| and state imal) Kamo) _ (Km Barium, continued Chlorine, continued BsS0,6) =1465--1353 132 crap “r= 7 Rerylium Hcl) —2 95187 Beis) o 0 Chromium BeOW) = cus) ° om BeAOHDS) 547 C049) 128-107 Bromine CO) =m Brad 0 0 182 Copper Br) 31 3 US 0) 0 8 Brag) =3 4130 CxCO\) 188 Br (ag) -21 0-108 ©,06) =48 93 BAe) 36-53 199 x06) ee) Cadmium CuOH(9) =372 108 cu) o 0 2 casi) 9 6T x08) =258 2855 Fluorine CHOH NG) 561-4788 ° 0203 asin 162-155 65 va -m9 “14 Cus0.69) 95-823 123 -m =m Calcium Cais) ° o 4 o ot CCG) -83 68 0 27 mss, CxC04) =1207 -1129 93 ° 0 ° 205) 635-608 40 200-1971 CHOHL) 987-899 83 60-3370 CaPO)69) 4126-3890 2st 22 m9 se 38048) 1833-1320 107 CaSi0,0) =1630 1550 Ba ° os carbon «2 261 is) (graphite o 6 2 137 is) Giamond) 3 2 35-52 106 cow) -37 198 COs) 32d ree ° oon cits) -s1 186 Fe) 2 13108 cHLOH) x13 20 Feqas0(s) (wustite) 21-09 CHOW) 165127 FeO “m2 285 H:CO(e) ohn 29 Fe,O4(s) (magnetite) =i = 1013 146 HCOOH) —35h 29 Fe,O,(s) (hematite) -826 0-740 90 HCNG) 125202 Fess) = tg? Cote) 209201 FSi) “118-1653, Cate) oe 38 FeSO(s) -929 82512 CH.CHOw) =29 250 tee CoHOHW) 78-175 ot ee ° os Hue) 817-329 2095 Cole) 209 6272669 POL) Te 268 Posis) =10) 99h Cie) wee PSO) 90-8139 CHO) (ethylene oxide) -53_ 13242 M CH=CHCN@) 18501984214 Magnesium CH.COOHD) #84 389160 Mg(s) ° 038 Catl04) “175 911212 MsCO\G) 113-1029 66 cay -15 65216 Mgous) x02 5827 Chlesine MeOH) “925-8 Che) 0 23 Manganese cise 7 Mats) ° oR Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc.All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, seanned, or duplicated, in whole or in par.Appendixes A21 Subtance A ‘Substance aa and State Taimo}_TKarmo})_GR-mal |__| and state Kimo) Timo} _ WK mad Manganese, continued Potassium, continued Mn00), a5 30 KCI.) = 29013, Min10\0) was) 12809 KCIO4®) M43 30851 M00) 71-8310 Ko) Hal 32288 M0.) ss 4633 KO) =496 0-201 Mn0,"(aa) =s = 190 O45) m2) 23817 Mercury KOH nc) fo ° o KoHiaa) Hal 4409.20 He,Clxs). 265 211 196 Silicon Hach S20 “tet ta $1046) quarw) -m1 856 a 06) “9 5970 Sich m8) 620240 HS) a8 98 siner Nick a6) ° o 4 No o 0 AE) wo Nichi) -m oT ‘agoae) =10 © -97 107 N06) 38 ‘AgCNG) Woes NiO) mis3 9 Asc 17-110 96 Nisin) “98 AAnCrO,6) =m =e oan Nivosen aslo) =e 65S Nas) ° om ‘82,069 en) Nia) a Aa) = M40 146 Nivea) 00-7 Sodiu ‘NH,"(aq) 132, -79 113, ‘Na(s) 0 o St Nowe) 3 oa Na‘iaa) -0 2938 Nos) M0 Nebr) =30 3878 Now) 2 im 20 Nuc) U3 =108 136 NO.) 10983 NaliCO,() =i 852102 NOx 1 28 Nace Ta “38 NOs) “2 oe NaH) 6-0 Nal su 2 Nal) 8 NahcH 180166 NaNO.) =359 HNOviaa) 07-6 NaNovts) m4) 36616 HNO, ee ee N20) m4 378 NiLCIO) m5 8986 Na0x0) =sis asl 85 NiLCls) 31-2396 i070) a7 38 ot Onsen NaOH) =a W419 50 Og) oO oO 205 ‘Sulfur ow) 29 om Il 509 (hombic) ° o 2 ox) M19 Se (monet) ool Phosphorus San) 3s ws Po wn) ° o 4 5) 1 043 Po teed) “8 0-2 SF) =1209 1105 282 PAs) (black) 9-33 2 HS) = 34 206, ne eo SO) 27 300 e Pro) =1s78-1509 236 SO) a3 -37 87 Pix) 5 0 80." aa) =909 74520 HOW) =n 1190 HSO(0 asd 690157 HPO 1267 — — H,SO\(a9) -9 — 745 2» H,POaa) Hiss 1183158 Tia POs) Hae 298229 Sai (hit) ° 0 Possum Sain (ery) -2 or at Ro ow S200) 1s 2s) 56 Ke) nae S106) sss 52032, (continued) Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc.All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, seanned, or duplicated, in whole or in par.A22 Appendixes Appendix Four (continued) ‘Substance AH; _AGi = Substance ani AG, s and State TKaimey_Tkvme GK mol) | | and State Time Tame) K-mel) “Tin, continued Xenon SnOH)s) -s6l 49255 Xete) ° 0 10 ‘Ttanium XeFx() =108 48254 TICK) -163 <7 ass XeF) 2st 121146 TOs) —945 -890 50 XeFue) 294 Uranium XeO) 402 Ue) ° o 50 Zine UF) 2137 =2008 228 Za(s) ° oR UF) 2113-2029 380. Zn0(9) <8 0-318 as Uo, 10st 102978 ZmOH)A9) 642 U,O,6) 3575-3393 82 ZnS) (wurtzite) =193 OK) =1230 115098 ZaS(s) (zine blende) 206-201 38 ZnSO4s) 983-874 120 _APPEN x Five MPT ue A5.1 > Values of K, for Some Common Monoprotic Acids Name Formula Value of K Hydrogen sulfate ion 1S0," 12x 107 Chlorous acid HCI, 12x 10% Monochloracetic acid HGH.CIO, 135 x 1079 Hydofluorc acid uF 72x 107 Nitrous acid HINO, 40 x 10-* Formic acid HCO. 18 x 10% Lactic acid HCHO, 138 x 107 Benzoie acd HCHO, 64 x 107° Acetic acid HCHO, 18% 1078 Hydrated aluminam(it) ion {AKH.O) 1a 108 Propanoie acid HHO, 13x 10% Hypochlorous acid oct 33x 107 Hypotomous seid HoBr 2x 107 Hycroeyanic acid HCN 62 x 107" Bore acid 1,80, sax 107" ‘Ammonium ion Ni’ 56x 107" Phenol HOC, 16 x 107% Hypoiodos acid HOI 2x 107" Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning, Inc.All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, seanned, or duplicated, in whole or in par.