ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Volume - Il _ eee ee For B. E. First Year / Second Part Civil, Electronics, Computer, Electrical and Mechanical, Agriculture, Industrial and B. Arch a with Examination Questions &L Solutions Ganga D.C. Rajendra Paudel Arun Bhandari Narayan Prasad Adhikari Heritage Publisher & Distributor Put. Ltd. Bhotahity, Kathmandu, NepalContents Exercise - 1 4 Exercise -8 Exercise -9 ae, Tiers 2A SS ee 161 Exercise $$$ Book : A complete Solution of cs Te ee ae Engineering Mathematics LA a 3 oan Exercise = 1 memeneee ea 18 Publisher. : Heritage Publishers & Distributor Pvt. Ltd, Mitre See eee ig Bhotahity, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 4221291, 422970 email: hpdbooks@nte.netnp © + Publisher and Author Edition + 2013 Beecse 7 Saale) Revised edition : 2015 Exercise - 18 ae Price + Rs, 375/- “ x Computer —_:_ Heritage DesktopRveceite 18-2 ERE ae aet sere 26 4 Boecciss 2] eee enue Teta Exercise - 22 ioe Spee iver 2p hay Hierctsgw 29 SE a WT Exercise - 26—-n--w-w- 352 Exercise - 27-————--— eee ee ee oe Exercise - 28-—--———_____—_-_. ci Exercise « 30mm ag Exercise - 31. 4h TOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Regular——————____. 405 JOE Exam 2071 (Bhadra), Old Back-——— 409 alculus of Several ct w= ffx, y) be function of two independent variables x and y. If we keep constant and x varies then u becomes a function of x only. The derivative hiv with respect to x, keeping, y as constant is called partial derivative of u 14. wand itis denoted as Bm cyte The process of finding the partial differential coefficient of u wart. x’ is that jf ordinary differentiation but with the only difference that we treat y as -onstant similarly, the partial derivative of u wart. y keeping x as constant is denoted by Let u=ffx, y)then 2 and 2 being the function of x and y and so these oe By an be differentiated further partially with respect to x and y. symbolically a #t a Of, fa or, :i or, SE ots fsHomogeneous function ‘A function w= f(x, y) of two independent variables x and variables x and y is said to be homogeneous function of degree n. If it can be expressed either ofthe f reer) For example. Consider the function fo y) wl + 2hxy + by? is homogeneous function of degree two. Euler's theorem on homogeneous function of two independent variables. r fatement If u= ffx, y) be a homogeneous function of two independent variable ie aaes ‘two independent variables x a xy & oy anu Eales theorem on omogencons function of three independent variables, ee \ Statement y, 2) bea homogeneous funtion of te independent variables y, and z of degree n then et . Maxima and minima A funetion f (x,y) is said to have a maximum or minimum at (a,b) vecording as Ifu= fix, and x= $(0,¥=¥ 0. Then, ou du de yu aK dt Oy at If f(x, 9). The the total differential of wis defined as =H ge da= % dx + & ay f= f(x, 9) = 0 be implicity function then fe ie R- Bho Inerements if u= fix, y) be function of two variables x and y and let Ax and Ay be increments of x and y respectively, then the increment Au of x, yis Au=f(x+Ax, y+ Ay)- £0 9). f(a+h,b+k)<£(a,b) or, f(a +h, b+K)> f(a, b) {or all positive or negative values of h and k. Conditions for maxima and minima of the function f(xy) of two independent variable at a point (a, b) For maximum value at (a, b) @ £=0,6-0. (0) fox fy — (fay)? > 0 and fy <0 For minimum value at (2, ) (@) {.=0.f,=0 (0) fac y~ (ln)? > O and fg 0 ‘No maxima, no minima or saddle points @ f=0, §=0 ©) fasby— (fo) <0 No information @ &=0, (©) fax fy ~ (fo) Condition for maxima and minima of the function f(x, y,2) of three independent variable at a point (a,b, ©) For maximum value at (a,b, ¢) (2) = 0,f," 0.6 (b) fax <0, fax fy — (Eg) > 0For minimum value at (a,b,c) (B) fa. ™0, fa fy ~ (fy) > 0 Differentiating (i) p. w.. 1.x, XY — xy £0 (xy) ~ 1 sin (xy) xy — xy 608 (xy) ~sin (xy) Ans. Differentiating i)p. w. rt. y x? {1 =c0 (xy)} Ans. Solution: Let f(x, ) = log (x? +’) it ating i) partially w. rx Solution: Let ffx, y) = tan! 2 Differentiating (i) p. w..t 1 (x+y) 2x-@2+y?)-1 p> eee ee (2H? ° (x+y) +key x242ny-¥? Ang Gay + (eer PieeapeeltE wey eagles gene eay (ty tee y=! (x+y) + (8 +97) = Ans. toe » => WW) rey Solution: Lat x,y) = ear mone Ditfreaing power (2292) 2-2-9?) 2 _ 28 426j7-288 ey? bay? 4 (e+) (ey Differentiating () p. wr (2 +92) (29) 2-9") 27 ey Py 42y3 atx (ey Ans. iraxtya2y? Ans, © simtextby Solution : Let f(x, 9) sin (@x + By) ure @) Differentiating () p. we. 's° 2 F ‘Ans. (ax +byy 5 reat Sena2 o Differentiating (i) p. w. 8. 1 b 2g Chraaai eae Ans. Find the partial derivative of second orders of the following functions f(x, y) Peseyeoyty Solution: Let x, y)=x°++ 3x’y + Say? +y. w Solution: Let f(x, y)= e947 (D) Differentiating () partially we get, sho eter? axty) Differentiating (i) partially we get, “f= 3x" + Oxy + 3y! 1 fy = Ox + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans. f= 6x + 6y =6 (x+y) Ans f= 3x! + Oxy +3)" o: fy = 6x + 6y = 6 (x+y) Ans. 1 fy = 6x+ 6y = 6 (+9) Ans. etsy? fam 907724 x+y) eve? Ox+y) = exten? (24 x+y) Ans. Fs fg OMY? 1+ Ox ty) eH? (+29) = tear? (14 x+y) (x+2y)} Ans. fm oI? (e429) shyt ome 24 ena? (+29) 6429) = etre? (2+ (+297) Ans pov? 14 (c+ 2y) ee? x+y) Soyer? (14 (¢+2y) Ox + y)} Ans Gi) tog (xy + xy'f Sepals As 9) = W60 Giy wy) = 10) ifferentiating (i) partially we 2 f= Z xy + oh! Gay yy = -¥Gx+y) x+y) _ 2xry Gy) xR TY) Peay x2(xty)? 2x2 +2xy —4x? —4xy—y? xe(x+y) ax Dey? _ 8-2 +2094?) (cy) Bin) e =~ Ans. (x+y) = Bay dt oy Ans. a ele (x+y) 1 (x+y? Sx ier ena «G2 + 2xy) x(x+2y) _ (+29) ayQry) | ¥FY) (e+?) .2- (+29) +29) Petyy Day +2y2—x2 —dxy dy? _ =x? -2ey-29? Peery) Peel _ abery oy?wt SS Solution: Let f(x, y) = PS am Differentiating () partially we get, ene (2-¥)2y-2928 4) a “eee : wR pity ap dat (2-92) +4xy2 (¢-¥) ty) ~ 2x2y (e+yy 24 2ny? x(x? +y? (e+r) (asf 2x a ea eae (@+y2) (e+) 2(y2-x2), (e+e) 4 tux sin (team sin + Similarly, fy = ox Solution: Given u= Et tag! y x Differentiating (i) partially we get, au ay en oan ETT Mulkptying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. we get ou au x xe ye —£, then show that xO gy Ot ng, ey xy orreaip adage apni teeta ey fie ay Ve 2 xO py Ode, RE ty-Gp a0 Proved.(i) Mumxy tye 2xthen show uct uy + ue (ety +2) Solution: Given, u=x°y + "2 + ‘) Ditreiatng parally we see day? want yz eh ae Aan (iD 8 tet Wy t= Day +2! ox? + Dyn ty Hex ext+ y+ 2+ Ixy + 2yz + 2ex it Yy He Gy + 2) Proved, a teu tog SO au yy ou. Then prove that x-i+y-H-=1 (BE 2070 Bhadra) Solution: Given, u=Iog 22. Differentiating (i) partially w. r. to x & y we get, 1 -(x+y) .28- (+4) au Ber Savas (x+y) x+y 2x? +2xy—x?-y? (ey) (HP) » Be tty : (Pe. (eames) S boty) 2y- (ay) wy 2 Dy tdytoxtay? (e+y) G97) a y2+2xyax? ory) (+) ‘Matiplying equation (i) and (i) by x & y resp. and adding” Ot gy Aa, 84 2xy— ny? y+ 2xy? yx? Xoo” Geos) ee) + Gea) a) wit) 28 xy may? +92 4209? yp? (x+y) (+7) _ Say etyeyte _(xty) (2-0 +y2)+ay (x+y) (x+y) (+94) (x+y) (+9?) _ (+3) (2 -a+y? 49) (242) fey ext) Gay sa By A Tred (0 +9? +22), show that x Wy, =y Ug =z pace erro eeed Gay Ditreniung pei wo 55 k= Poy fatea) y2z= ve (ear ezy “Multiplying equation (i), i and (ii) by x,y,z resp. then we get, XUye™Y Wax = Z Uy Proved. Mus log (e +y'+2— epee ou 1 es ~ a. epee u3(x? (ays a(y2=) ___3{e-99) Go 32) ‘Adding (ji, (i) and (iv) we get, © Reap a2 x2) 302 +y? +22 ay y+a) (@ayhaa cs) 3 ntiating (i) partially w. r,t x, y, & z resp. we get, 1 2 UGaPREESGA ae az (eye -Inya) atu __ (8 +y8 428-392) .6-3(x2 -y2) 3(0-y2) aoa Ay (HGRA) ocx + xy? +68 By? (8+y2+2 302)" (x +99 +2 3x92)" Similarly, atu, _3fy!=2ay? -2y2) +32x2) dy? (6 +93 +23 -3xy2) atu____3(z4 220-2293 43x22) at pos ‘Adding (y), (vi) and (vii) we get, ' <3 (x4 —2xy3 —2423 + 3y22? y4 —2yx3 —2y23 +322x? ing a ae | easels) OE OM Ba (xb-+y? +23 xyz) == 3 (x! + y" + 24 — 2xy? — xz’ + 3y"z — 2yz? — 23 TU fanaa eectesaetae tary) = xy ye= 2) rere crs 3x2 +y2+2 (xty42) (x2 +y?2+22- upia tay) ° : iy (Zr BB) wee Cad eee (3-4) ery ray (Bap eR Eaae) a a(@-»)a en ae ea 3 tea) zy easy (xty+2)? (xty+a)? rags +22) ev 2xyz ep oe es = Gi) & y =) (x+y+2) ot Gray)? Differentiating (i) partially w. r. ty we get, 5.0) tra=t{ 2), ten show na x-2%+y-24 9 i (2) by a yy a) ae Sottion dren u= (2) (2) Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get, av iti tay ig 2 * aee(2).( Pe ey Differentiating (7 partially w, t's we ex, ave nee . agile) ere ee een, i) by x and equation (i) by y and adding ee) se) ev ie hod te(a) tea) = J) Wu tan (y + ax) — (y ~ax)"* then show that, ution: Given, (y+ ax) = (9a)? oarane i) tevezun (2st show tat Dieting) paral wr we 24, ov | atv Ba ee tan) + Sa (yan) Gs Oa | eee (aL pe Eyal iy sat ey? Gi sone: Goya (2) ao may emaee Menasha ms Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. 'y' we get, Differentiating () parialy wr tx we get, a 3 7 Mi Ove SEA af Ags ‘coy Te ra aa Bes, “ 0 ry ce = 2see! (y+ a) tan 9+ x) — 3 (yan). i) 1s‘Multiplying equation (iii) by a” and subtracting (iii) from (ii) we ug A = Bt 2 BE pov (6) a=$¢e+a9)* y (—ay) then show that 2 = . Solution: Given, z = $ (x + ay) + y (x ay)... (i) Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.'x' we get, Z =H orm sv em) 2 1 Ze patent yana), Differentiating (i) partially w. 1B may ntay—ay oe a2 Sess Matpying equation (i) by and subating (i) om (i) we Oz Ox yy OO ORE ge oe Ee SE ved 6.0 tase son tat? 29-2 eu on =a § (x +ay) +a? y" ay)... eee Rah he ete ee oar ann Ed Es aia aE fess} 1 Wee (2+y? +a) —3x2 (x2 y2 +22)? (aay ¢ ayaa) (x! (eareap ‘Adding i), (ii) and (iv) we get, 3 (2aytantye =afetevt sa) (x? +y? +2? aes ‘equation (i), (ii) and (iv) by Sed pe ge Itu= proved that my are atu, 3 ot eee 1 Solution: Given, u= eet Re syteee i Differentit a () partially w.r.t x weget, or, 16 (eeyteey , Bu, Bu, FH 5 proved, ae ey? 1. Ifx= e080. y =r sind, then show that , (ii) and adding ‘Squaring me (er0 sin)Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. %° we get, ulation: Given x= r e090 2. gers (il, ating = (coe i) eH) Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t.'x' Weget, Bests cov are Ox? (2+y2)? 3 ano = eens a (ery) #0 _ -2xy oF "asa Similarly, Adding (iv) and (v) we get, 0, 80, ty ay Tor aye” (2+ yy (+7) Given ue cos (rsin®) 4 sin (F sind). Differentiating (2) and Gi) p Btn) on 680) 8 e's [- sind . sin (¢ sin®) + cos® cos (r sind) 9(seme 1. Le cose sind) cos + sn snd). (sind) = re [cos® cos (r sin8) ~ sin0 sin (+ sind)] £0 2 2 : or or rn SE £60) ie i) LB we si sin sin) + 040 co (ind) a Ww) “(8 (e)]: oS Bs 2 SANS From (ii) and (iv) ‘ Hejere te coaue roe DU BY eas net or r x 2" Part B= sin (sin). 6080+ 08 (sn) (sind) = =r" [oos8 sin (r sind) + sin8 cos (r sin6)] + 2 =e [cos0 sin (r sind) + sind 60s (F sind)... (v) j,i = et cos (sind), sind + sin (sind) eM . cosd = [sin0 cos (¢ sind) + cos0 sin (r sin8)].. ee i) L wv a Bra aes i) 2 Similarly, oo es: ‘Adding (¥) and (vi) we. nm 9. ttw=f(e, then prove hat nor Lee. 1 Beto Shs Be (2 Using otc i) we ee aa, Bu = i eortro ba (a ror a tf ‘ex? a -[b+ =| M0 stre Fu (Oe) pu gyy Or Br (FE) 2 Been) (294): tetera: Adding (ii) and (iii) we get, he Bho fUBeaY paces PEs Se + Bh (Bye Sere _s + HMO Sr plb hd in 21. Verify Euler's theorem for the following functions. wax f @ t( ) Solution: Were, =x ( This equation is homogeneous function of degre one. Then by Euler's . eas theorems, xy? xMry Mey DBO ce ae ees x Yay Differentiating () partly wrt. x & y resp. we get, - ee Ir GEO I ci oBeoeelS) (a) (2) a yy oe x Nay Hence Euler's theorem verify. +). x (i) w= aw Solutio @ of degree n then by Euler's 9: We have, u= x" tan 4) ‘equation is homogeneous funct theorem, au) ae aa Hage acs abreast vari Differentiating (i) partially w.r.t. x & y resp. we get, om a ae pene a as Solution: We have, u = sin’ Fee +tan! a U is a homogeneous function of degree 0. Then by Euler's ‘theorem au.) du ty <9 y= Rete Ure Differentiating () partly w.. xy resp. we get 2‘Multiplying equation (i) & (ii) by x & y resp. and adding we get, = Joby Bots amt ea al vena (4) - ‘) Pe ete tea eee Hence, equation (i) is homogeneous equation of degree one then by, . bata =u flute’ theorem. ow, Hence Elulers theorem verify. Pe a ovsing pari 1 9 ep. we (2) Ge) x) (=e (wy uae’ ea x : * ‘This is homogeneous function of degree n then by Euler's theorem oy any Fe cae Differentiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, eos(-L) (Baers 2) =-2*yeu(Z) san (Z) neve z) oneal) Solution: We have, uextsn(-2) ding i) and i) we et uy OL a(S ie ORs x ‘Hence the Eeile's theorem verify. “Adding iy and i) we get, ‘ uy du. ee eet a ax in oy Se au, you ce Dey OL au 2 Biel Solution: We have, u= Hence the Euler’s theorem verify, x uF # at ene equation ( ishomogenous fan of ers then by Euler's theorem. ae, a Solution: We have, w= — Sty em Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t. x & y resp. we get, “Eee Ce) =) poycos Saag ( “(8 au, y au osu (xh =3 sima from (i c ( a ye) 0 Stead 3-SBL_=3 tan uhence proved. ‘Adding (i and (i) we gat, xB ty Bare (2) -2u (i) ea tog show tat x By Be ay 2 olution: We ave, u=logx xB ey A aoe : ox Vy Hence, Euler's theorem verify, ©) ttu=sin? 2, show tnat x+y =. 2.0 Musa? EP show that x-5-+y-S= Stan U x) -yge(% Gels) 0 ‘Thus ' is homogeneous function of degree one then by Ealer's aa xty a af say RN! re) sins.» 4) ‘Thus, sin wis homogeneous function of degree three then by Euler's theorem, Solution: We have, u= sin“ sin w= sinw_, yp_sinu xo eR Siu. Differentiating (i) partially w. r,t. x we get Men Be oe the 1 Cou Bary (2), + Multiplying equation (ii) by x & (i) by y and adding we get, 26, KF tai wy itso» EAE then how at xbtty Btn (BE 2069, Poush, Bhadra, 2068 Magt Solution: We have, ‘Thus sin wis homogeneous of function of degre zero, Then by Euler's thorem. x-2sinu_, y_2sinw ox ay au au Hence, xB + y Bt = 0 Proved x+y? au, y 20 ) itu= tr show that x ty Solution: We ave, =a? S22 {stan ishomogeneou ition of epee wo. Tenby Euler i gy Ota te, y 2D ren Loven (pail wr. yap. we gt #0(2) 2a) xt ‘Multiplying equation (ii) by x and equation (i) by y and adding we i, 4 oe ae secu BL ty sect sinw Sint _= 2 sin w cosu= sin? w osu . sect oy og lence, x22 + y-2L = sin? u. Proved. Wence, x5 ty = hee Ht cose xotys Show that x24 y= 2 tan, ors 6 lution: We have, w= cosee? X7*¥ > ‘ i z T > oe xt4ynew [r} Ou 4 yt = 1 cotu. ira) hon show macs Sty t= 5 Com, (BE2068 Bhadra) 1 = L ceoseeu 6 Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, ~coseéu com—2t. =x yf)” ota bo) ( ay ty +(2) . ee de ‘1h cos w is homogeneous function of degree —-. Then by Euler's = Coseencot Bm x6 «( , fee sae ‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. bho Sree i tne eee y (2) ey F(Z) fe pS he Oa OLE Hence, x- je EN 5 1 $ fan Proved. 1 i = 4 cos.u fiom (i) muOk, y Bak cella, Neat Loe ‘Seas cag args ue Bi Owe treet ty Hence, x-Bi-¢y 24. = 5. cotu, Proved a (vii) If w=log (4+ y* +2. Then prove that x22 ayo? bebe Solution: We have, u=log (x? +y? +2") Differentiating () partially w. ou 1 x yey? Differentiating (i) partially w.r..' we get @u__ =x ae 4x ezox (eryt+2) ‘Again, Differentiating ()parally w.r..' we get, (2 sy2+2) yy aan tye (e+yvezy Peay? +z) Multiplying equation (v) by x and (iii) by y we get, eu eu “yen earn Proves 3. Find 2 in the llowing anetins Seor as @ “xbeytet ae Solution: We have, x3 +Y 3 = V enue (i) Differentiating () partially wr.’ we ge, p Wiedysy at de txyty= Hy inf + 2xy+3y? Se = ox + 2ny+3y GE =o tl hay) tL = (6 +29) pee ) (ano Qo" =0 ution! (ian x) + Q)™ E Let F(a x97 YE srr siating (i) partially w-¥.t. andy’ resp. we get i log y sec" BE yan xy! secre y Ai 2 an) fg ty a* log a] te Weloon, = BF oy [nfm seat + yt ony soot ~ | (tan) Tog tan x-+tan x y8e¥-t vy(tanx)"" +logy .y®** rg y jan x= 1 (fan) log tan x +tan x.y iy) by’ =3axy ; iilons We have, x2 + 9° = 3x2Y or ‘ferentiating (partially w.. tx! we Bet, 397M =a SE 431 Ly? —3)=Gay-38) ty. 3y-) dx (ya) fy = A=" ns, ak” yPmax Wy wtytm (x tyr" : olutho: We have, xty*= (x + y)P** Taking logon both sides, 3log x" Y= log (+ yP"8 or, loge + logy"= (p+ g log (x+y) oF, logx +9 logy ™ (p+ q) log (x+y) Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.'x’ we get, ty Act dye (pe peta. = Peal (iste) capers as ‘f tae re ei a [2-422] Sipiqe Arps Gy (oy x+y 2 1 1 -1 ‘ ey er ay Uy? pelog(xtyyx=e Myatt Wign) Wehave, 2= log (x +y),x=e% y=P—e Deentating w.r. 1. we get, C2e%+3P- 21) yxrl+yF logy ind 12 in the following functions. x) logx xy"! ee xcosy+ysinx, y= +1 ims We have, z=x cos y +y sin x, y=x°+ 1 (i) e+e=ny Difereniating w. 1. We get, fe se BY + cosy. 1 +y c05 x + six Differentiating (i) partially w. r.t. x" ae CD tg ey Lae ox ca sot 2 2x41 C a (0-29) -B =r ~xsiny DL + cosy +ycos.c+ sin fy. 2yne * =o xsin (+1) Qx+ 1) +e08 +1) veer ts + (c+ 1) cose + sinx. 2x+ 1) ‘ee -2x 4 Find -22-in the following functions. 605 (x2 + 1) + (x2 + 1) cos x= (2x? +x) sin (+1) +@x+1)sinx Ans. eae yee yu Osea ter eT 1 t Fels aaa at Solution: We have, z=x°-y',x=Wz tney= Solution: Wehave,2= (+x) 2% y= Hone" (sey) +07(10e) mt & - 6 ifu={(x, y) = x" ~ 2xy + 3y, find the differential du and ct Gu in a if f(x, y) changes from (1, 2) to (1, 03, 1.99). Solution: Given u~ fx y) =X°~ xy +3Y oon Deeenieis 0 paca te PT ee & ‘2y and ay 2x+3 Here x= 1, y=2 dx = Ax = 1.03 -1=0.03 dy=Ay=199-2=-0.01 Now, = Bag Se du a at = Qx-2y) de+ C2x+ 3) dy @x1-2%2) (.03)+C2*1+3)C001) =006-0.01 0.07 Ans. and, Au» f(x + Ax, y + Ay)— f(x, y) = F(1.3, 1.99)—F(1, 2) = (1.03)°2 (1.03) (1.99) +3 (1.99) [18-2 «1243 x2 If w= E(u y) =2°+y" find the differential du and change Au in w if (%,y) changes from hee bib olution: Given w= fx, y) oo) iferentiatng () paral w. xy resp We get, 2 oe and = 1 ase and 2 = 39! Mere,x=10, y= 10 dx = x= 10.1~10=0.1 dy dy=10.1~10=0.1 Now, = BM as Oe dum FE ax 3 dy = 3xdx + 3ydy = 3 * (10)? x (0.1) +3 x (10) * (0.1) 3 « 100 x 0.1 +3 100 « 0,1 = 30 +30 = 60 Ans. And, bum £(x+Ax, y+ Ay) — f(x, ¥) = (10.1, 10.1) -F(10.10) = (10.1)' + (10.1) = ((10y° + (10y"} 1030 . 30.1 + 1030 . 301-2000 = 60,602 Ans. If w= f(x, y) = x7 - 3x’! + 4x - 2y° + 6, Find the differential du find change Au in w if f (x, y) changes from (- 2, 3) to 202,301) olution Given w= ) = x2 ~3x°y!+ 4x2) +6 Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t. x & y resp. we get, a ae BY = ayo? + 4and 2 = cy 67 Here, x=-2,y=3 dx Ax=—2,02—(-2)=-002 y= Ay=3.01-3=0.01 = Bdge Now, du= 2 dx+ 2 dy = (x 9x'y' +4) dx + 6x9 —6Y) dy = [2 «C2)-9 « 2) «3? +4) x (0.02) [6% 2) «3-6 xe] x 001) = 632+ 1.98=83 Ans And, w= f(+ Any + Ay) F659) = £002,001) ~f(-2,3) = (€-0.02)'-3 0.02) (0.01) +4 -0.02)-2 (0.01)'+ 6} ~ {27-3 C2) BY +42) G) +6) = 6.08 — (164) == 157.92 ansThe radius and altitude of rigid circular eylinder and measu a8 3 inches and 8 inches respectively with possible ror measurement of 0.05 inches find the maxialum error In Calculated volume ofthe elinder Solution: Let the radius of the cylinder = + inches, akiutde of the cylinder =h inches Volume ofthe eslinder = V cubic inches. We know that Verh @ Differentiating () partially w.r.t.r &h resp. we get a. oe Be 7 mth and & me Also, given, reSandh=8 dr = $005 and dh = 005 SO Ove a Now, dv = 2 d+ Sh = 25th e+ ch = 23) (8) (4.0.05) +B) (0.05) (Changes = 2.85n =2,85 « 3.14= 8.95 cubic inches If the dimension in inches of a rectangular box change from 9, 6 and 4 to 9.02, 5.97 and 4.01 respectively. Find the change in volume. Solution: Let i, b, h be the length , breath and height of the box in inches. Let V be its volume VE BW nn) Ditfeentiating () partially w. rt rand h esp. we get, 2 bh, © = mand © = bs, = mand =m Also given, 1=9,b=6,h=4 i= A=902-9=0.02 db = Ab =5.97-6 =-0.03 dh=4h=401-4= 001 = © ays & ayy & Now, dy= a+ & ay + 2 am = bh (Al) + th (bo + (ny = 64 (0.02) +94 (-003) +9 x6 (0.01) = 006 ‘Thus the volume decreases by 0.06 cubic inches, 38 Important I0E Questions and Answers Sort, ‘State Euler's Theorem for a homogeneous function of two independent variables and verify it for the function. (BE 2067, Mangsir) First part : Statement of Euler’ theorem on homogeneous function of two independent varables- IfU= f(x, ) be & homogeneous function of two independent variables x and y of degxen then, xb yy Atay Ox Oy Hence U is homogeneous function of degree -.. Then by Euler's theorem x2 ya ox vay 20 Diff. (i) partially w. ( tox andy resp. (Sot Multiplying (i) and (il) by x and y resp. and adding 303ax=0 > y*-ax Solving (i) and (ii) x=0, y=0 andx=a,y ‘The stationary points are (0, 0) and (a, 2) At(0,0) fax, fy=0, fy =—3a Now, fal (fy)? =~ 98? <0 Hence, theres value at (0, 0) no extreme At, (@a) fa 6a, Now, fay and f= 6a>0 ifa>0 and fe, = 6a <0 ifa<0 ence, given function has a maximum or a minimum value at (a, a) if a<0 oF a>0 and the maximum or minimum value, f@a)=a' +a 3a =a) Ans. (i) P4304 15 — 15! +72 Solution: Let f(x,y) =x? + 3xy? — 15Sx2— 15y?4 TOK sane) Differentiating (i) partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, £,= 3x" + 3y*—30x +72 £,= 6xy-30y f= 6x30 f= 6x ~30 iy For extreme value f= 0, ie. 3x? + 3y?—30x +72 and 6xy ~ 309 = 0 ean (ii) From (ii), Gi 40 “1Gxy = 30y=0 or, 6y (x-5)=0 x= 5 “Ify=0 then equation (ii) gives, 3x°+0-30x+72=0 => -10x+24=0 > 6-4) (x-6)=0 2 5= (4,6) = 4,0) (6,0) Again, if x= 5 then équation (i) gives, 3.25+3y'—30.5+72=0 3y'-3 yea 2640 «. The stationary points are, 4,0) (6,0) and (5, + 1) AL G,0) fa" 6.4-30=-6 64-30=-6 fy = 6.0=0 NOW, ful ~ (fy) ==6 .~6 =36>0 And fa =-6 <0 ‘Thus the given function has maximum value at (4 0) and ‘maximum value is, 4, 0)= 64 +0- 15x 16-0+72.4 = 64 ~240-+ 288 = 112 Ans, At (6,0) f= 66-306 =66-30-6 Riser Now, fay = (fy)?= 66-0 =36>0 . and f= 6> 0 ‘Thus the given function f(x,y) has minimum value at (6, 0) and the ur val is, 6,0)=6'+0- 1536-04726 =216-540+432= 108 AtG,£1) ‘ . Now, fatby (by) = 0 (4 6)'=—36< 0° and fg =0 2 This fly ~ (Fy) <0 and fee = 0 50 the given function has heither nxima nor minima at (5, + 1) Ans. {. he top ¢ ) won: Let 03) =19 (@=x-y) . Spear elegy Ditteventiating () partially w. rt. x & y resp. we get, aepaaeunes From Gi, ya-2x-y © y=0, a-2x-y=0.. Prom Gi) K(Q-x-2y9) 50 Paxe Zing) a a2. 3a-2a 3 ‘ ‘The stationary points ae (0,0) and (- At, (0,0) fae 0, by =O) fy =a Now, fay = (fy) = =a" <0 Hence, there is no extreme valve at (0,0) -y=0 a aaHence the given function has a maximum or a minimum value at (& : +) ifa> 0 ora<0 and maximum or minimum value i, heer y)- fy 4 ae” fone Now, for extreme value f= 0, f 4x—dy 4x: 4x + 4y—ay! 0 X50 58) + ¢—x) = 84K (x= 1+(-x¥}=0 Eners<6 or, 1+(1=x=0 Q-x¥=-1 a-xy ‘Token from equation y= x — x? =x(l-x) a4 V2 1-2)" V2 ‘The stationary points are (0,0), (y2,— V2) and (- V2 V2) 10,0): fa 4, fy = 4 de: —4 NOW, fos hy ~ (by)? = 4.44)" = 16-16 =0 ‘Henee, the given function has no information at (0, 0) MVE + V2) f= 4-24=~20 fy=4-24=—20 fy--4 Now, faby = Cay) =(20). 20)-C4)'= 400-16 =384>0 Wid f= = 20<0 This the given function f(x, y) has maximum value at (V2, +2) ‘wid the maximium value is, (NE 4 V2 )=2GVE sv2 Y- NT te ea 4-4" 16-8=8 Ans, Wo (r+27-(y- Wo Let ys) ton eed -9-3F ‘Differentiating (i) partially w. r. t.x & y. Now, for extreme value, £=0, =0 420 x92 toad Sy= "he stationary points is (2, 2) Now, At(@2,2) fay ~ (fa)? =-2.—2-(0F * =4>0 df =-2.<0 ‘ence the given function ix, y) has maximum value at (~2,2) and the maximum value is f{-2, 2) = 16-(-2+2)'-@=27° = 16 Ans. = dt dy Let x, y)=8—4x + 4y— Py? “aggre ia 1x & y resp, we get, fe=4-2xNow, for extreme value, f=0, f=0 ie -4-2x=0 3 4-2y=0 Sy=2 2 Swe D0 The sationary points is 2,2) xe iow, AtC2,2) AHO and foaby ~ (Ey)? = (2) (-2)- (OF 0 and, f.=-2<0 ne {he wationary point ae, (0, 0, 0) (1, 0,0) Hence the given function f(x, ) is maximum value at (~2, 2) maximum value is, A-2,2)=8-4(-2)+42-C2y-@)? +8+8-4-4=16 Ans, M411, 0,0) qn 80.1" ~60.1° = 80-60 200 ‘Alon bly = (la)? = 20 * 2— OF = 40> 0 wn (i 28 ja ear es, 4 tu ty fu| |2°9 91 og lution: Let f(x,y) = 282 — 3uy + 4y8= $c (0 ie fy Gel =| 9 - Dittrentatng() partially w-t vx yap we get ig fe | home Hence the given function f(x,y, 2) is minimum value at (1, 0, 0) and oan value is, iets £(1,0,0)=0+0-S.1'+4.1 De tay +4y—ay' =e Baty bao ear ay 2-62 2 hadx—3y = =3x+8y : o fy=8 aM) S+4=-1 Ans, 3 £=0, f=0 ie. 4x~3y= 0 and ~3x+8y=0 4 Let £05, %2) Solving these, we gat x= 0 and y =0. Dura es at x iating () partially we get, 5,Th stationary pois i (0,0 Ox+62, = 4—4y, Ga 6x—12z iow, fa-6 era 8-(-3=32-9 =23>0 Hence the given function fx, y) is minimum value at (0, 0) and ‘minimum value 0, 0)=0-0+0+5=5 Ans, oxtze be 4-4 a, Aolving these, we get, 4-0 yl. 250 ‘The stationary points is (0, 1,0) 2. Examine and find the maximum and minimum of 2, Eyamige and id the maximum nd mininom of Solution: Let fx, y,2) = y+ 224 5x! + 4x8 eee ee, 4 + 20x', f= 2y, = dz (0,150) fa =~ 60%" + 8085; y= 2, fy fu==6<0 =0, fy =0 =0, f=0, f= AlN fx fy (lag)? = 8) 4) — OF Forename Toole 8 fee fo eae ) nee epee fu ty f|_|-§. 9 § = 203? + 20x = 0 a mol oat-6 0 6 0 4 0 |=-6*24=-148<0 0 0 -6 Hence the given function f(x, y, 2) is minimum value at (0,1, 0) the minimum value is, 0, 1, 0)=0+0+4.1-2.17 =2 Ans. Gi) 38-@x+3"-G-9*-@+ DF Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = 35 - (2x +3)'-(y-4)' -(@+ 1)... Differentiating () partially we get, f=-20x+3), §--20-4), far-4 fy “f= 0 fy=0 f-0 5-0 fro For extreme point, £70, 5-0, G0 ie. -2@x+3)=0 axed -2y-4)=0 -2@+1)*0 + Te stationary points ( 3 Now, at(-2., 4, -1) Also, fay = (fy fx fy fe|_|-4 0 0 and|fm fy Ge[=] 0 2 0] =-16<0 Ze ellovs ‘i he cen an ae ($4 ape anes 3 > -') 35- (2-343) aot C14 =35-0-0-0 =35 Ans. Gv) 82428 + 398442 - dry Solution: Let xy, 2)= 82-422 + 39°42 —3xy oa [pilfwentiating (i partially we get, K-3y ‘ fy 3 fy f= 0 fi 3 Vor extreme points, ving these x= 0, y The stationary point is 0,0, N(0,0,-1 fae 4>0 Also, fefy— (Em) = 46-3) 24-9 15>0 3 1a [4 2)-see-» sisine ARR ead eh he tel eeeeriicnicey en ation: Let F(x, 2) 20 Differentiating (partially we ge, The stationary point is (0,0, 0)Find the extreme value for the function x? + y* under the Now, At (0,0, 0) fa Also, fy ~ (fy) ert contion a|s & ie 2 99 Shipton) md l in Sy Gal =/(0. -2, B) = 8<0 Hom (i) and Gi fg De Oe Ma) = (2= Ay) + Yon ii) Hence te given fincin fy, 2) minimum valve a 0,0, 0] Pilleretiaing (Dw. FY we wk the minimum value is (0, 0, ) = 20-00 -0 ME 22 (aay). C4) 4 2y == 16 + 32y +2 20 Ans. ¥ ‘Show that following functions have a minimum at the points ae indicated ye © Sty +? + xyz 0t 00,0) Solution Let 3.2) oe 49h 2 +292 Vor the extreme value =+34>0 0 Differentiating (i) partially we get, f=2y+2x2 f= 22+ 2xy fan 00 2 0/=8>0 02 Hence, the given function is minimum value a (0,0, 0) (x at aye at (1,1, 1D) Solution: Let fx, y,2) =x1 + y+ 2 4392 vai) Differentiating i) we get” > fdr —dayn, f= 4y) dex eats f= I2y ks 289 289 AGC 1.1) Find the extreme value of 48 ~(x~5)'~3(y 4)? Subject to the fa 12.7 =12>0 condition x 3y A Also, fly Ufa)? = 12 (IP 12 (02-4 HF dont Let a, = 48-5) 30-49 aes pores Subject to te condition = 140>0 xe3y Hence the given function fx, 2) is minimum vale at (1,1, 1) onx= 9-39 Proved 50From (i) and (ii) Solving these, fy) 48~(0-3y—5)'-3 (4? 2xt+y-1=0 = 48 (4 ~3y)"-3 (y— 4)... iii) Differentiating (i) w. «we ges Fe --24-39).€39)-3.29-4) 4 ~ 18y ~ 6y +24 = 48 ray 5 , ot n_nico dy? For the extreme value, Af. dy rai nom Ad ae i, tence Meany oe ( Hence the given function fix, ¥y) had maximum value at (3, 2)and 1 1 maximum value s Nowa ($,-, ) %3,2)=48-G - 59-3 2-4)" 484-12 =32 ans ae 6 Fiad te extreme ale of28s 7247 wlll Gad =48- GF ‘Subject to the condition x + y +2=1, aug. iP mi Solution: Let f(x, y, 2) = x? + ye. @ ‘Hence the given function f(x, y, z) has minimum value at ‘Subject to the condition x + y +2 = ( a +) and the minimum value is, =>z=1-x-y di) 3 From (i) and (ii) F fx y=x+y'+ (1—x—y? i) : Differentiating (i) partly w.r.1'% & rep, we et f= 2+2(1-x-y), C1) = ans by i Es Find the maximum and minimum values of xy? under the condition x+y = 1 6, cf §=2y+2(1-x-y).Cn Solution: Let f(x, y) = xy! i) 2y-242x+2y Under the condition x + y 4y+2x-2. x=l-y Gi From (i) and Gi) fy)=-~py* £=0, §=0 or, fy) = y'—y? Gi) 2kty-1= Differentiating (ii) partially w. 11! we get x+y x42y- ae, dyar ie. 8y-2xy-y? #0] den? ty — Day — 3 meee 8x—x2~2ry #0 For extreme value is, 2y-3y'=0 or, yQ-3y)=0 sn y=0y= ya From (ii) when y= 0, x=1 eee oad eee ery, aay 3 3 *, The stationary points are, (1, 0) & At (1,0) &t “ay? Hence the given funetion f(x, y) has minimum value at (1, 0) and the ‘minimum value is (1, 0)=0 2-60=2>0 eae 3 te ) Doe 8, Find the maximum value of yz under the condition xtytz= Solution: Let y,2) = YZ none * ‘Under the condition, = BO _(ets=t6 256 xt+y+z-8 3 3 0,2" 8-x-y.. Hence the given funetion f(x,y, 2) has maximum value at From (i) and Gi) a 8 8 fix, y)=xy B—x=y) aa Ore and maximum value is +4) = Bxy—x'y—xy7 Gi) Differentiating (i partially we get (a f= 8x x" —2xy 3 io fyn—2x Find the minimum value of + y°+22 f= 8-2x-2y Subject to the condition x+y +Z—1=Oand xyz+1=0 For extreme value, (BE 2068 Magh) * £= Solution: Let x,y, 2) = X24 97 +2 von 55Subject tothe condition xty+z-1=0 O94 2= 1X vor i) and xyz+ 1 i Hence the given function fix, y, 2) has minimum value at er ; (1.10 & the minimum value is Now fom () i fh £1 £1) = (+(e + WP =3 Ans ‘toy het es ind the lugx'+ +2! when x+y +2=3a =X 4 (y +2) 292 ‘ Let Jy) + Ye (D ‘Using (ii) and (iii) we get, and the condition is, 2 y+ 2 xtyta=3a See One gt Oe 22 388 HY ni Differentiating (iv) partially w. r.t. x’ restp. we get From (i) and Gi) : af 2 fix, yy x+y" + Ga—x- yy ii) shine i dae Differentiating (i) partially w. rx & ''restp. we get, 2 f,=2y +2 Ga-x-y).G1) rae 2 hear 2y-6a+ 2x +2y =4x-6a+2y ot 3 fund fq "2 a i > ee f,~2y+2G ~y) G1) ae ae 22 Gab ax +2y = 2+ Ay —6a For extrime value is, at « Vor the extreme values: f= 0 and f, = 0 2 - tx+2y-6a" 0) _, 2(@x+y-3a)=0 tar ita ase dx + 4y—6a= 0} = 2(x+2y—3a)=0 ie ea mx +y-3 and x+2y-3a=0 or, 2(-1 +2". ara of, 2x? x7 1=0 ae ae or, 2x) — 2x? +x? -x+x-1=0 oF, 2x7 (K- +x (x= 1) +1 = 1 or, (x1) Qx?+x+1)=0 x-1=0 Sxl Using x~ 1 in (i) and iy geet From (i) z sg The stationary point is (a, Using (v) AMD ao 1 ba = Wd faby~ Cay <0 4—Q) = 16-4= 12>0 RE lence the given function f(x,y, 2) has mininum value a (a a) an ee ee eres A ‘The stationary points are, io ae ee (tht) fla, a, a) 56 7Important I0E Questions and Answers 1 Sol", Find the extreme value of §= x+y" #2" connected by the relation ax +by +er=p (BE, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Bhadra) Let fx, 2) @ Which are connected by the relation ax + by + te 2 BEBO ay With the help of (i), the function (i) reduces to, fix y cyt Eph Diff. partially, y- 2B (pan —by) 2ab + 2a fan 2 2, by= 242 For extreme values ie (8 +2) x+aby—ap=0=> abx+(b +e) y—by Solving these two equations, we obtain, Patti these to (i) p aabae The stationary points ob apa lp De) = kep.e)) Babee ata beae’ arab oe? by At 4 ‘ (aaa weber 20 2) sas? fay ~ (ba)? «(usb (le at 2 §f22+ Zoo 2 © Hence the given function in minimum at (43) (Aste ATR F 7) and minimum values i, a abrae at abeee arab rec?) 58 ns. (Psetee (Obiin the maximum vale of yz such that x+y #2= 24 (BE.2069 Bhadra) Pabee Lob (85,2) = x92 wn) INthatx ty #224 OF, 2 248—X—Y nore) (i) and i) Mik y) "ry 24-x-y) > fix y) = 2hey—H} ity Diferentaing Gi) partially, we get {= 2My~2xy —¥ 6, = 24K —2ay 2; fy —2x {jpn 24-2K~2y, fy = 24-2 =2y Yor extreme value f, = 0, f= 0 he dy —2xy-¥=0 => y (24—-2x-y) Mx 2xy-¥? A-2x-y=0 Golving them, W-2x-y 24-8-8-8 _ », Thestationary point is (8, 8,8) A (88,8); f= -2.8=—16 <0 - 2(8)} x {-2(8)} ~ (24-2 «8-2 * 8)) 256-64 = 192>0 Wd fay (6) Hence the given function is maximum at (8, 8, 8) and the maximum sue is 18, 8, 8) 512 Ans. ind the minimum value of a? + xy + y+ 32! under the condition x + 2y + de 60. (BE 2068 Bhadra) Leta y,2) 222 tay 92432 ene) W924 2Y 442 600 vn i) We defined, F= f(x ys 2) +204 (x, 52) Where is hagrange's multiplies. Fox taytyi=3z' +h (x42y + 42-60) Differentiating partially,f= 2ney +2, f=x+2y=28, G= 62442 =.= vin there, x (ay \2})” Slug these value of x,y,z in (i) For stationary points, f, Solving these three equation and (i) we have, Twn se ,y~3andz=3 Differentiating (i) and (i f= 2x+y,f=x4+2y, ie The stationery point (3, 3, 3) rating () and (i) partially, o & O Jor o% lt fa fy eters fe by] 21 Is 6 fe 5 re vatue itt (0, 2 2) £100 , 10800, T) 49 1am value of the function F(x, ¥, 2) Sty? when (BE 2069 Poush) mye a: to the relation = 24141. Subject othe relation §= 4+ +5 O vee i) Vience the given function is minimum at (3, 3, 3) and the minimum value Then, F= f(x, y, 2) +24 (% y, 2) where Ais a Lagrange's multiplier. » oh?) b+: oA ( bebe ili yee a(t tet)... Gi) Differentiating (i ‘ ga2- 46, 5 343°+3°=27 Ans primarily w.r.t x,y and 2 respectively we gets, y- 4-2-4 7; For extreme point, F,=0,F,=0,F, 2 gay te it~ A =0,27-4 n0,22-4=0 ¥ y zMultiple Integral Double integrals Properties of double integrals If, y) and g (x,y) are defined, bounded and continuous in a region Ri the (x, y) plane and if the region R may be subdivided into two regions and Ry, then, 1, The k fx, y) dxdy = k fe fx, ) dx dy Where kis constant. Stn x, 9) 8 Gs, 9) day = Ile fC, y) dx dy + She 0% y) axdy STe x, y) dxdy = SJp, fx, y) dxdy + JJ, x, y) dxdy 2 Suppose thatthe region R is described by the inequalities Csyx 0 v os Sth fox, y) dxdy = =o) =m [iigevee |e ere, the immer integrals frst evaluated with respect to x. a he eartesian form, Wx. 9) dx dy... @ med to polar coordintes (i) becomes {ip ((¢c0s0, rsind) de 48 gow C6 \'s integrals ty) 2(%9) fx,y,2) dedydx i . ¥20 and 2>0andx+y-+2<1 then, Mh, x! y=! 2h" dx dy dz Fein Ta Aiwa * {Ia dxdy Volume = If xyz 1» Hom Lett= fi Fay Oc +y) dxdy : tl Fler?)i) Pfc? +ayyayax Solution: Lett= ff fx {63> = for + rae = ft nw = 12 Ans om fs acey Solution: Lett= f N= x ded Ce % l 64 x2) V2x=x? dx Pxnx? 1a - ny zat xe La (Nana? ox Le (ox-xffa@x—e)+ fiero? x 2 x a i eny= fate 1 5 Ans » f(Mcreyracey juss Latt= f 0 (x2+y2) dey {[ S27) Jo (ee ay ay 6spled « fx ena = forme feel fffetayar Solution: Lett f fet ay axi = fete =e = fxe-n&x =(e-1) fxax 27 “of T= 16-1 Ans. coin, (°° ("7 e7 ax ay Solution : Let = (°* (99 et+¥ de ay . f[ free & Jay = (otter (epty = fle [eee] = [Moe -ergy oat ape [verse] = logs el" = 8 logs 1 =8logh—16+ 6 Ans to fF eb + ayex seimton: Lats f Met +7) 4 - {L157} oJo ate el vel te! ” ‘ fa? ae y? dy dx. ne? [FP ay tx ical fof |aa eee Er2 Solution: Let I= (x+y)? dx dy Here the area of integration A is bounded by the ellipse y 02 (2-2)iace4 = f(e-»} a Putx=asind da cos0 d8 When x -> (0, a) then 0 -> (0 5) ' es ac0s0 d2 (ose? acoso co at Peos*o.40 ie 2 5. Thus, T=[, (x+y? dx dy [eee | ce Evaluate ffry (x + y) dx dy over the area between y = x and yom (BE 2069 Bhadray Solution: Let t= lly Gey) dx dy Here, the area of integration A is bounded by the curve y = x* and y = Solving these, we get x=0, x=1Hence, T= ff, Gy + xy") dx dy = -s)9] PFs « yex vatuate fla Yay y? dxdy where R is the triangle with vertices a (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1, 1) ms Let =SIn yxy? a dy ‘Here, region of the integration R, i bounded by th tices (0, 0), (10, 1) and (1,1). [Lot the gien vertices be 0, A, anc ¢ traingle with 1d B respectively equation of OA is pn Og 1-8 (x-0) ot @ 4, Evaluate {ix xy dx dy where R is the region bounded by the Equation of OB is aus, the ordinate x = 2a and the curve x= day. as Solution: Let =I xy dxdy y-0= 229. (n-0) Here, the region of the integration, R is bounded by the x-axis and a eee ordinate x = 2a and the curve x*= day > Hence, 1=SIn (xy-¥?P dx dy x-axis which gives x= 0 oy ab Hoes olny dy {[ rbo-rf ole ; “tino i ee thal n6. cage pes 24 [B.E. 2063, 2067 Mangsir, 2070 Magh] Solution: Let I = {jp xy dx dy Here, the region of the integration R is bounded by the area of the ellipse 2 y= NF (the st qua) Hence, x is verres from 0 t0 a and y is veries from 0 to ©. "“ || Evaluate fl, xy dx dy. Where R is the region over the area of the in the first quadrant. Hone, Hla xy dx dy vols t= YO" Ans 8 the region in the first quadrant 16 and the line y= x, y= O and x Hvauate fy? dx dy where Ris tuned by the hyperbola x Wetutions Lot I= fle x° dx dy Hore, the region of the integration R is bounded by the hyperbola xy 16, and the line y = x, y= 0, and x = 8 in the first quadrant i. pointive quadrantHence x yeti from 0104 nul Yeon oe D0 x Hence, = fax? dx dy = ff peo] ace fff Ja = fle ofee (leo F yf & = (eats few 8 Evaluate fp y dy dx where R is the region bounded by x? + 2y' =4 and the ordinate y = 0, y= /2- Solution: Let I= [ley dy dx Here, the region ofthe integration is bounded by x! +2y? = 4 and the ordinate y=0,y= V2 Wow, x? = 4-297 x= 4-2? Henwe, t= tn y dy dx | ra]o . oiee “fs (Fa 2 fy faa? ay 2 pF (-4y) fea oy <4 Paar} sam) aay? ee ig | 2 [(a-a-(4-0) ] et [o-(#?|9. Evaluate fy? de d@ over the area bounded between the c Whe region of the integration R is bounded by the aea of the 2cos8 and r= 4 cos cle r= 25 cus above the ntl ine Solution: Let Jnr? dr do Je fhe? sin@ dr do Here, the region ofthe integration R is the are bounded betwa ba circles = sino ae 8 1 =2c0s0 and r= 4 cos0) paca Hence, 1= I? de db | ‘aino| eo 6 | f(2acos0)’ sinage x Ca Initial Line Ans. F valuate the following integrals. sin(0-+9) a0 a9 ions Lett B Bsin(o+4) a0 34 F (sindcosp +costsing) 8 a [fame] = fcostcos¢-sin@sing 4 - [ egout-sngsin-crdnt snag ; 10. Evaluate fhe. eee feeowecns 8 79i= £8 Ans 20 Ve estnomnal {ly PALA over one loop r= a%eos20. Veber? Lot = [fxs adr Vex the region of the integration R is the bounded by the area over, cos’ or, r= +a Ve0s20 mila =~ [eos sing] =— [cos$-sin 5 -cos0-sin0| =-(-1-1-0) 2) 1=2 Ans, (yf fMrarao sotaion: Lett= fF f°r a] (Pa fils areal 1 o “5 Gin? eae ee i a “i [oosnaey fi{ocrrsoay-] 0 ‘ w 2 [xosntt0 , {sean 00 nH = ans » {i( Vzcose-1) 40 ci ff ftarao Sotuion: Let = ff f° ]a0 ns {visino-0]1, Change the order of integration and hence evaluate the sa © ff e+ninay Solution: Lett= [eon] Here the integration is first integrated with respect to x horizontal strip. Which varies from x= I to x= J4=y hextmd—y ‘Those of y-varies from y= 0 to y= 3 ‘Changing the order of integration, We first integrated with ‘y along the vertical strip. Which varies from toy=4~x? and those x varies from tox=2 bf @x-2x? + 16-812 + xhax 2 eat ee 4] 4 ah \[-0-Lee-neiea-n-S0-vel2-0] 1 (12-1.416-36431 (2- Goes) [2g =235400- 36016) 2 30 Af? 1(37) 24l Ans, bf, fae ay. bat= fi [sa] Nove the integration is the fist integrated w: horizontal strip. Which varies from x= 0 to x= iptasoy Those ofy-varies from y=—atoy=a to x along the Changing the order of integration we first integrate wrt y along the ical strip. Which varies from 3Now, Solution: y=—va?—x? toy= va?—x? ‘and those x varies from x =-O tox=a, Herth region OAB splits up into two acs in int two pars by the Tine AL the curvedinar OAL ond tangle ABL- : For the region OAL, x varies from x= Oto x= ay and those for y varies from y= 0 oy: For the region ALB, x varies from x= 0 to x= 2a~y and those for y varies from y= ato we (e egnc.?¥ 4 * fg 3% 4 ‘van uit [g*>»|« Here, the integration is first integrand w.r.t y along the vertic which varies from aj y= Stoy=20-x i.e. ay x" and those of x varies of x= 0tox=a ‘Changing the order of integration, we first integrate w.r.t x al horizontal strip and than want y 2a 2p 2.2) errs aww Soluti ‘Now, uate | Cay Jax 5 [+4] Her the integration sist inegrand ws : which varies from y = x to hh et sndte xv fom t= 0x © changing the ocr of integration we fist integrand w the horizontal sip whieh varie fom ens AEX X=ytox= wand those y varies omy = Otoy= Here, the integration is first integrand wert. y along the vertical strip which varies from y =x 10 y= iey=2—x Sy = 2. and: those x varies from x= Oto x= 1 By changing the order of integration we fis integrand eet x along the horizontal stip and then warty Here, the region OAB into splits upto two parts by the line AL the triangle OAL and curve linear ABL, For the region OAL x varies from x=0to x= y and those for y varies from y = 0 to yal For the region ALB x varies from x = 0 to x = 2—y? and those for y varies from y= 1 to yi =f Kap ae Shee ona” b+ fn wes ia [igeee el eS ‘ { ere er] Sa (Fe fr { (E-a)y ays (°(2-y)o ey |(a1