FUNCTIONS

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 I AM HARSH KUMAR FROM
CLASS "12 D".
I PREPARED THIS PPT ON
THE CHAPTER "FUNCTIONS"
AND IN THIS PPT WE WILL
COVERED ALL THE TOPICS
RELATED TO FUNCTIONS ..
TOPICS SLIDE NO.
TOPICS SLIDE
1. INRODUCTION
NO.
4
10.MODULE 29-31
2.ELEMENTS 5
3.ADVANTAGES 11.MATHEMATICAL 32-48
6 FUNCTIONS
4.TYPES FUNCTION 7-10 12.STRING FUNCTION 49-62
5. VARIABLE SCOPE 11-14
13. RETURN 63-68
6. LEGB RULE 15-16 STATEMENT

7.TYPES OF 17 14. RECURSION 69-71

PARAMETERS
8.D\B ACTUAL AND 18-19
FORMAL PARA.
15.PROGRAMS 72-93

9. TYPES OF 20-28
ARGUMENT
16. MCQ 94-100
 INTRODUCTION

A FUNCTION IS A PROGRAMMING BLOCK OF CODES WHICH

IS USED TO PERFORM A SINGLE ,RELATED TASK …

IT ONLY RUNS WHEN IT IS CALLED.

IT KNOWN AS "PARAMETERS " \ " ARGUMENTS".

IT CAN RETURN DATA AS A RESULT.

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ELEMENTS
OF
FUNCTION def sum(x,y):
DEFINITION FUNCTION

KEYWORD PARAMETERS
FOR \
DEFINING ARGUMENTS
 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT MADE EASY AND FAST

PROGRAM TESTING BECOMES EASY TO LOCATE

AND ISOLATE A FAULTY FUCTION

ADVATAGES OF
USING CODE RE-USABILITY INCREASES

FUNCTION
IT INCREASES THE PROGRAM READABILTIY

CODE SHARING BECOME POSSIBLE

 TYPES OF FUNCTION
FUNCTION DEFINED IN
BUILT IN FUNCTION MODULE
USER DEFINED FUCTION

THESE FUCTION THESE FUNCTION A FUCTION THAT

IS PRE DEFINED ARE IN YOU DEFINE
IN PYTHON. THE MODULES AND YOURSELF IN A
PYTHON IF WE WANT TO PROGRAM AND
INTREPRETER USE THEM WE YOU CAN GIVE
HAS SEVERAL HAVE TO ANY NAME TO A
FUCTION ARE IMPORT THE FUNCTION. IT IS
ALWAYS PRESENT MODULE. DEFINE AS USING
FOR USE.. DEF KEY.
•

EXAMPLE OF BUILT IN FUNCTION

val = input("Enter a value: ")

print("You entered:",val)

>>> Enter a value : 40

You entered : 40
 EXAMPLE OF USER DEFINED FUNCTION

def sum(a,b):
total = a + b
return total
x = 10
y = 20

print("The sum of",x,"and",y,"is:",sum(x, y))

>>> The sum of x and y is 30

EXAMPLE OF FUNCTION DEFINED IN
MODULE

from math import sqrt

sqrt(4)
>>> 2.0
LOCAL VARIABLE
IT CAN ACCESSIBLE ONLY INSIDE THE FUNCTIONAL
BLOCK WHERE IT IS DECLARED.

GLOBAL VARIABLE VARIABLE

THE VARIABLE WHICH IS ACCESSIBLE AMONG SCOPES IN
WHOLE PROGRAM USING GLOBAL KEYWORD .
FUNCTION.

NON LOCAL VARIABLE

IT CAN ACCESSIBLE IN NESTING OF FUNCTION,
USING NONLOGICAL KEYBOARD.
 EXAMPLE OF
LOCAL VARIABLE
EXAMPLE OF GLOBAL
VARIABLE
EXAMPLE OF LOCAL AND
GLOBAL VARIABLE
 The local scope is the scope of all objects
L in the current namespace.
The enclosing scope is the scope of any objects in the
namespace that encloses the current namespace, which

E may or may not exist.

The global scope is the scope of

objects in the module-level
namespace.
G The built-in scope is the scope
of all objects that are built into
the Python language.

B
 TYPES OF
PARAMETERS
(1) FORMAL (2) ACTUAL (3) DEFAULT

WHEN A ARGUMENTS
THESE ARE THAT TAKE
FUNCTION IS DEFAULT VALUES
WRITTEN IN
CALLED , IF NO EXPLICIT
THE VALUES ARE
VALUES ARE
FUNCTION PASSED,WHEN
PASSED IN FUNCTION
PROTOTYPE.
THE CALL . CALLED.
Q.DIFFERNCE
BETWEEN
ACTUAL
ARGUMENTS
AND
FORMAL
PARAMETERS
 ACTUAL ARGUMENTS FORMAL PARAMETERS

VALUES THAT ARE PASSED ARE CALLED VALUES THAT ARE RECEIVED ARE CALLED
ARGUMENTS. PARAMETERS.

ARGUMENTS APPEAR DURING A FUCTION PARAMETERS APPEAR IN FUNCTION

CALL. DEFINITION.

PARAMETERS ARE KNOWN AS FORMAL

ARGUMENTS ARE KNOWN AS ACTUAL
PARAMETERS.
PARAMETERS.
1 POSITIONAL

2 DEFAULT

3 KEYWORD

4 VARIABLE LENGTH
WHAT IS POSITIONAL
ARGUMENTS?
 POSITIONAL
ARGUMENT ARE
PASSED TO A
FUNCTION WITH
THE CORRECT
ORDER . IF THERE
IS ANY CHANGE
THEN THE RESULT
WILL NOT BE
DESIRED ONE.
WHAT IS DEFAULT ARGUMENTS?
 These are the
arguments through
which we can
provide default
values to the
function.If we don’t
pass any value to
the function then it
will take a pre
defined value.
 WHAT IS
KEYWORD ARGUMENTS?
If a function have many
arguments and we want
to change the sequence
of them then we have to
use keyword
arguments. Biggest
benefit of keyword
argument is that we
need not to remember
the position of the
argument.
 WHAT IS VARIABLE
LENGTH ARGUMENTS ?
 As we can assume by
the name that we can
pass any number of
arguments according to
the requirement. Such
arguments are known as
variable length
arguments.
We use (*) asterik to
give Variable length
argument.
IMPORTANT RULES FOR FUNCTION

DEF KEYWORD IS USED.

FUNCTION NAME IS RETURN.

THE FUNCTION MAY OR MAY NOT CONTAIN PARAMETERS.

RETURN STATEMENT IS USED.

ALL STATEMENT WITHIN SAME BLOCK MUST HAVE INDENTATION.

WHAT IS PYTHON MODULE ?
• Module is a .py file which contains the definitions of
functions and variables.
• Module is a simple python file.
• When we divide a program into modules then each
module contains functions and variables. And each
functions is made for a special task.
• Once written code in modules can be used in other
programs.
• When we make such functions which may be used in
other programs also then we write them in module.
• We can import those module in any program an we
can use the functions.
 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATICAL ARE AVAILABLE UNDER MATH
MODULE . TO USE
FUNCTIONS MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
UNDER THIS MODULE WE HAVE
TO IMPORT THE MODULE USING
IMPORT MATH.
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTION PROGRAMS
 import math
r=math.sqrt(4)
print(r)

OUTPUT
>>>2.0
 import math
R=math.ceil(4.2)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>>5
 import math
R=math.factorial(5)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>>120
 import math
R=math.floor(4.2)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 4
 import math
R=math.fmod(10.5,2)
print(R)
OUTPUT
>>> 0.5
 import math
R=math.exp(1)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 2.718281828459045
 import math​​
R=math.log2(4)
print(R)​

OUTPUT
>>> 2.0
 import math
R=math.log10(4)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 0.6020599913279624
 import math
R=math.pow(2,3)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 8.0
 import math
R=math.sqrt(100)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 10.0
 import math
R=math.cos(100)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> 0.8623188722876839
 import math
R=math.sin(100)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> -0.506366411097588
 import math
R=math.tan(100)
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>> -0.5872139151569291
import math
R=math.pi
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>>3.14159
import math
R=math.e
print(R)

OUTPUT
>>>2.71828
 STRING FUNCTIONS ARE
AVAILABLE IN PYTHON STANDARD
STRING MODULE . THESE ARE ALWAYS
FUNCTIONS AVAILABLE TO USE ..

FOR E.G. capitalize() function

converts the first character of
string to upper case.
STRING FUNCTIONS PROGRAMS
THE RETURN STATEMENT
THE RETURN STATEMENT IS USED TO EXIT A FUNCTION AND
GO BACK TO THE PLACE FROM WHERE IT WAS CALLED.

TWO TYPES

FUNCTION RETURNING FUNCTION NON

SOME VALUE RETURNING ANY VALUE
 WHAT IS FUNCTION RETURNING SOME
VALUE ?

A RETURN STATEMENT IS USED TO END THE EXECUTION

OF THE FUNCTION CALL AND RETURN THE RESULT
(VALUE OF THE EXPRESSION FOLLOWING THE RETURN
KEYWORD.)
EXAMPLE OF FUNCTION RETURNING SOME VALUE

def cube(a):
return a*a*a
n=int(input("ent OUTPUT
er enter number=5
number")) 125
d =cube(n)
Print(d)
 WHAT IS FUNCTION NON RETURNING
SOME VALUE ?

IF THE RETURN STATEMENT IS WITHOUT

ANY EXPRESSION , THEN THE VALUE NONE
IS RETURNED.
 EXAMPLE OF FUNCTION NON RETURNING ANY
VALUE

def cube(a): Output

print("cube=",a**3)
n=int(input("enter a number")) enter a number90
d=cube(n) cube= 729000
print(d) None
 DEFINITION

IT IS A WAY OF PROGRAMMING OR CODING

TECHNIQUE , IN WHICH A FUNCTION CALL ITSELF
FOR ONE OR MORE TIMES IN ITS BODY. USUALLY,
IT RETURNING THE RETURN VALUE OF THIS
FUNCTION CALL PROCEDURE.IF A FUNCTION
DEFINITION FULFILS SUCH CONDITIONS,WE CAN
CALL THIS FUNCTION A RECURSIVE FUNCTION.
 TWO LAWS OF RECURSION

MUST HAVE A BASE CASE MUST MOVE TOWARD THE

THERE MUST BE AT LEAST BASE CASE THE RECURSIVE
ONE BASE CRITERIA,WHEN CALL SHOULD MOVES IN
SUCH CONDITION IS MET SUCH A WAY THAT EACH
THE FUNCTION STOPS TIME IT COMES CLOSER TO
CALLING ITSELF. THE BASE CRITERIA.
P
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MULITIPLE
CHOICES
QUESTIONS