| GD a Lechune no=4. o Co] Database [eer ment Syste _ ‘Database ;- + A database aysten Se basically 0 Corpses Lased sieconid Keeping Aystern Dalabase ae Collection of dato » Collection of internelated dale Aloned logdher to sewe mnulliple obplicahions ° Intention oh dolabue uw that +e dome Glleekon of, as possble dala Ahould Aewe a4 mony applicabion Limitahon ob File - Riocessing system ro 1 Data duplicedisa (oto Reclunelarncy J iy pala Tacons'slency aa WD Unsharable dato. Spans iy Unstandasized date c aa te y « visualize 2 Tasease date + Access (qver))deks Wr acossect data | oplale dab Advantages ch DBMS i iS Redundow and Intonsis tenog ° phan greduces dota cupli « i tis Dak inconsislery Ga a erdition thet orci le = : Jples (hen sienilo’ data a GE aleve oe in two differen Files, on chen makehing aie must be done behoren Files fs a seul o| fnconsis feneg these files duplicale. ome guth as oddbested ‘& nemes Comphornising inkesly i is i) palm Tole ool then Hee chonges roo 'y at dein become visible to oes « doin one opercdion pala Tntegod es “mis ay indi coled by Ht obsence ob abtesstio behoren toe. updates of cata seared ,rneanieg dale a Downloaded from TwoWaits unchanged . arweducible VS Aetomicity of cpesalions : pe Ga an indivisible + An alomic ttansaction ee at Series of databae operabions gat “Heat cithe Occus +» on nothing OceUhS YS Coneuhrenc sali a dalabase to aloo St F see ability of - ex. spreadsheets Wueu do obfect multiple tionuaeton? vy Seewily Discdwontage of >BHs D Cost of Horduonre + software of A ams Ja quite high hich Ineseanes Re bugeref your organizal? Th Most Dame ads ofkn complex — Ae eo training fon suse te tue Hee DEMS Ut requir d "B Use of, same proyan of a time mony 1.8en4 4omehimes lead to 420 loss of Ame dota. 1D pens con't perfonrn sophisticated Caleatahions » Application of Dams iS Bonking — for custpmes. infohreation , . 5 C 3 abit, Payrents » deposits Tees Wi pistines — fH Sresenwalions Gnd Achedule infownab” i) yniveuities — fon Student informal", cowue sregiloal®, colleges * al "W) Telecoramunicalion — Ot et fei keh tall etapa monthly bills, ‘edntetaing ballamcey ek. VY Finance viy Sales wy oo ru hackiasingDalobase Systern Vs File System “pens ——S«dYStie Salen + Myth user access + Gk dees not Support” raul - luerd access q ra n to ee 9+ dh only Nien to Amatler ni en Seal ¢ lass Caen Q° | Dears system * Remour Hedundany < |. Redundonay 4 Twtessuty issues Tbepty. q fd + Expensive . Gul in Fee |, Gt da Cheaper long jor -fotad cost of OwnerShip da cheap . + Eoay to implement Complicated transactions: No support for complicaled ~tHansachons Rewer DBMS Sofloare, i eee + Micsosoft Access * Oracle : Postare Sa +» d@ase + FoxPro © Saltte + Tem Der + Miotopk Sar Seaveree yf 8 of, OEMS AN Hiesaschical mans ¢ gn 4G DA model data is ive dieaichve » pata of ed ino te hiesawhicalty (Cfop docon 0% botlon ap) fe Origen uf stowed wich child fe ebook Model t= “This malel allows have muadlip le poaests . Jt helps you ae adds ess the need lo model mere Complec Uke as tee Orders | ports many lo mona vevlation Ship C DL Relational Model r- OE air “Fee most eatidet ens model becawe it Ske oh eco eagiak - “This model St base on nome! na - data in lee ows € Columns of tee -tables . fee lablon: used iD object. oniented_Hodel#— an ear model data Slowed in eo houm of objects “The Stowelure -eohich ub cautd classes rohieh dlisphy cata within it» gt defines @ database o4 a “calleehion of objets cohicg Alowes both cata members values 4 operationsDBMS Anchitectume \pasliipaliNesiss | Dams archileeture helps tn design » dovelopunent , and maintenance of a database » A database lowes caihical information for a business Selecting Hu cnwecl datalonse aachileeting helps in quick & Seoure access to otecin dala + DBMS addateelure depends -tipon howd -tuetd aie connecled fo Hee database to get 1sin sroquart done + Types of DAMS Ashitecturc. ams Ar iinplementabion 3. Her Le hea. ii i - Het Anchifeckure fou Archi tection. L- Her Architecture © Gn Heit odchilectuw , He datahase da dinectty ayailable to the user St means +42 user Qn choverkty ait on +a ems * suet it dineahy + Ary changer done how utitinbe “ dene on tes dokabase ited gh does not provide o hondy to) for end auets J gk via used jor domelopment™ of Hes local applicaion , here Communica, anit 22 detabese programm os fan dinectsy Aon eo quick mesporse - a Het Archileckune oteh. tie «Thi i some a8 basic Client. server» gn 42s agchitectiao, dient end can divs Gormmunicate sth applications on te t eq dokokare at 40 sewer Side. fom fair interachon, APT's like ODBC, J The suse Inlerjacas + apbliolion programs ass sum tes client side + The sewer ido du sresponsible fo brovide 42a funchorallities ket queasy protusing 4 -transacha a sacha a’ Downloaded from TwoWaits ne 3 Seanned hy Cam@oanner gpgc US wed -* To ¢ i ; ie wuts +0 mame , client side apblicabion eS Q Connertion «uth téo sewer side Fy- 2 Bee oathifectise 2- Her Aschitertine + Gt Contains anoles. lay Qn tec asthifectuto , tlient™ Gn dle Sores er bebween 40 client + Seaver - e diwetty tammun' Cole. oil the application on 2s client end inteods with an opplication Sewer (hidh utter communi@les 0aHe ee dolabose fern - ee ; ) © Gnd tuer has ro ‘don abou 449 exittane of tes database odion ewer: The PS has no ldae -obeut™ ond 445 appli | ony obtot user kayond des opplicohin | 2 gt va ued in Core of org aceb applicahion Fig 3-Her_frchitecluse Sewer client+ j - Data model Schema ond Tastonce Lecture nlo- 3 Schema .-. The overall detign of a dalakue v1 Glled Achema - + A database schema si-the Akeleln Atruchure of “he datednse 9t iepresents “fee logical viewo of Hee entine database . + St Contains Schema objects ike table , Foneiin Ky » prirnacy Keys views, Glumass data types, stoned procedure , ee. + Gt we designed by tee dabatare designets to help e-< programm ets tohore — Aofhoato suit] infants! “tow DG. The process of DE ration is Called dota medina Tnstonce “The dala hich Gi slosed in eo database ; aka partis moment of time wi Called an instance of +¢s dodtabase - PThikee Schema Architecture 2 © St ub bin Glled ANsr] SPARC atchi}ecluc on ese - level architecture - © Thin Gud) de ued to deferate tao user applications and phapial dokotase . » at breaks 42 2G down into eave differnt cabegonies Exhennal sdrema “[ comeptual level] concephal achama olernal scherna,Tfernal Schema Novel of, dain abstwaehorn © GE at lowest Gt defines dee physical Atomnge trunclure of Hee “Pe 9b heyps you to ke ir , about Ho actual q Jiepaaentatgn of eet at he nleaned vies 4ets am whe in sheovecl in Har database and hoo + IF never deals -eutith 40 physical dovicw , 5 “sdiema Views a phystcal device as Inksnal Collection af — physical — pase ° Praja poses Coneel Lual Scherna gt describes “Her databare stsuchus of Her tobvle databace sh Hee Commmurity of; users infos ation abpub fer physics | 4 fpentes on desenibing dade © This Adhema hides Ato rege dtouchucs types entities» telationships , ete . Seousiley + integrity infosimalion External Schema 5 gt denibes He baxt of dee date cohich sheapic aad le jnlererted in - . Gk ow neorest -to eo wer. 2 Gt us onty salaled to -few dala which 4 viewed spedfic end tues An etlsnal view as just 440 fontent- of eo >e asit Seen hy Aorne Specific particular uses . for er- 0 suet from fee dales deparlbrnent sill gee on Aoles geloled dato .Lactune slo-4- 5 lepende nce et aefeas chasac joa able te rneclity - tics of peg ee ak one level of te database dyslen sithoul ¢ ales nig -to schema ak {eo nett higher level wrdonce * e These are too Iypes of dota ine JW Loyal _dato_indepentence + Ot sichers chanacderistic. off beiy able to chang He Conceptual schema tuithour having te chong 1.0 extexnal —ddrema 4 © St Gs sued to Aeperate he eatesinal Conceptual view 9t occurs at Hee Heh inlerpoce level revel ~frorm “a0. wy Physical spate Independence + St Con be clefinedl as te faciy to don es interval Achena cuwithoul” honing +o chong? es. conceptual achera - 2 oe sud to spot Coneptual levels from en internal evel - logical interface level « Phaical, tee celeclune nlo- G4 q Dolobase | onguone i — ton be sal to grec dime ond + palobase — lanquay cupdale 10 td! in We dolabase + “Tipea of svotabare regu age te i pot (dolo definition long ) iy opel (dodo Conlnal longi) > cool Cdalo Honipuladion longing? ) WS “Pel. ( Imansa clin fortiol long ) DOL pe ak de vad to defiee dalohare Alsusdura OF —— patton © Jt de sued lo stone ike 100 nto. of ‘Tables ond {at Come undes. DL ~ Jus inforenation of ravtodelo “Auinenes, Heath miames ek + Some ‘tasks 1S Crate ~ 9 By war} cto cnmale objects in lee 0 Jato abkePo stouchis ob iy) Alter - gk di wed iw Due = at Ga usd 4 dolele obieks cfrorn He2 DO iy “Tigincale - st i} san] Ho seomnaina OU Netondl “fron a allt + aised to swna ene “He objert. DB Reoacrete gk ay Connment- ge di aud 40 Commeneat on eo ats diclionasy . ‘atcesting 4. monipulahiny dato in v8. fea 4 DML $— "St dt atued for egt handles 1uer neq © Some ‘tasks 7 ip Seleck - ot cin aued it) Tnseat ws Updale wy Delebe - St wt awed vy Meni vs aT Mi us lock table — Gt Gatos concstenons Dawnlaaded fram Tuinl\Naite ‘4 to nelvious. data -forn o PG to delele el records prom a tableCL i=. H Gy utd to sebsgeur +0 stoned of dala The wel. execulion dit -transachonal - 3+ also hos setback pasameters Saued . . * Some asia — BS brant = $b dh ued te qiue ser access posvileges . to a De: " NO) WRevoldel eee (SE aii wena) Ghepespioeey eey permissions om +e iter "Tee Gap “es follevsing oeahiry -eohich hawentee Qubhesvzaten of Rewwke : Connect » Ingest, Usage » Execute ;cbeleke , Uplate & Select a CLs Bt W sued to sum +e Chonges ronda bay te DmL Stalernent - + Some tages - W Commit — Jt Gi sued +e daue tt transaction ad ae On +20 dotnbase i) Rotback — Gt cu sused to Sreslone eo dotakose to oniginal Since, ee last commitDatabase _ system AsichiteelaneDdabase _Scherras + Tastances h aoe Lecoiphin askance — collechion ef tnfp- Stored schema —+9t sit Pe OVeRa nike dainbare aka potkiutas, of Hee dotatne - moment: i lied aa on int lance. + 2 -leusl othe one stherma al ecch leul fe eb gg. nese + Does not specify nelabiondip t)efiate Talore among iter - ie $ geo nears gubschoma— 64 js an appltahon progemmos Saar oe wes views of $8 Teen ‘Dala Indeponde, tybes second 1 thes hich he om nce + dota Indepondkar ‘fran ure erp Ao Call tatwrans accent) % OSA Tg columns J [view teuk J Jogical ‘ca)_doko Sed eas logical dake enplermented. by views (vithiel table) 1 ay © Stedent Gaya "tt & 4alle gees PPE ow bul Physical dale znd SZ all Bley en oo seen te cury osek TF Uy waaty te choge te-= i oe if we change angieg in Pri ious leas aps ooh ine Aig fh, Web ofp: romaine éome t Coleter aay user. chenges, Suppose 261 ip taansteed to HD2, adel insarttee tani, een ik deat net means tohle name , toil) he chong sl Bale ae al leu pate ind. Paauides fo womb doy toaashatenry E a sae tx gmat.Lectune nlo- 6% Wl 4 __ER Model + Gk Stonds fom an Enbity.. @elalianshif> coodel fey 6 Ob ws high Jevel dato model. ‘This model ut used define -the | dala elements 4 aielalionship for a apecified System © G4 develops @ conceptual design fon tas database uae Apuchus. Jk pobre + Gn CR modeling» te sielawonship Bagrere as a agar faled an Entity - + Example m ou anesbokea. Atdoule, Address ghudent entity fitsaibule 2 ee Component of. ER, ‘Piogrern ex rote ] Late a. |S Artnibute Keg Aitibade one +o one Composite Atinibute one 4 Hany Mulfivalued Attribute | > Moy we Deved Atmibule Hany to HayEntity NN ty 2—+ An entity may be any chyet, class , penian 0% place ym d + Gn ER aiageam an entily tan be Siepmesenixd ag (C7 Divect angles ex. td eee ee el wi ‘lass ; Weak Entity :— An entity Heal depore on anoiter entity Called a weak entity. The Week enti does not —tentain any key atfarbule of Ft own. © It Ga oupnesented by a double seclongle [——)}. : Attnibule s—. gt ui yued to desenibe 426 powperty o} an entity. + Gt Gh guepmesented by On Eclipse (55) Key Altiesibule ~~ 9+ us sured to sopsesent= eae Main Chosackeaistics of an entity. + St grepmesents & primoty keg « + Me Ga guphesenied hy an atipse with +60 exh undeslined (44) cs)or 4s f Lomporite Ailribule ss fin allnibuke 124 compere 9} ine oe ottmibules a Keoan az Com} Se allowhude A Aer eMipier waz GE da neprresemied by an Wipe, fonnecled ile, an eUip 6 Ctlowe >) \ oa eae Final name) CViddle tlase cl Multivalued Altos sant) thet, An attuibute fan haw mere -Ion one value - eee Aipeenia by double oval - Derived Atinibute —, gp, cstmibule Hak ton be datived teom Obes attmibute - | | * OF n oteboerented by dashed eWibse - | “ep Shudent Rane) =e a iba R lationship 3— _Keledions * Gt di ined’ te deusibe tee nahbion hekoeen entities - * Diamord om shombus uy used to sefresent eas snelolionthi pTypes of Relationships ou i Rael . No Lanesto one 3-5 cohen onty one instance of an ently LU? associated cutilh [Ge elotion ship +x. A female Gan massy le one male + o % le Mai to one ~fornale L ae | es | * cohen onty one tnstance of tho entiy on-tKe lef, ard mone teen one Instance of an entity Oates sight Associahs tuith to Selationship + Fx- Siete} +E Scientist [Sovention | CS Many--to -on€ 3-5 when mone fon one instonco of Say enti ity on 4éo lef, « only one Instance of an entity on Heo sight assodales Wtuutey 4.0 salationship « * Example Student Ges - Cowise May to SHANI A mine can and fatantal ed fea enbily on 400 left 4 mone ean one instance of, an entity’ on Go ght associates uth ee delakonship * Example Downloaded from TwoWaits Seanned hy CamSeannerER Medel. —> Refrerrals database wir CA dingosarn Notations used = Boteaty Key > Aull valued sated - So i tS, 0 mes cig _ nh fotal padkicipalion of ey in & Cat-O6—=(@] oe caudal Pe He aes Stwerg seuaesk entity wks a. iftrat G entity at fete - : “hoo ast aindbules T Se How 40 Yoho primary fad of E so spn or a ak iy 27 7 Primary jay of, atwong enh det on is. cee ae Jt debendent plus 4e0 eeak entity set disceiminaler - i nn Eh ak g Enh'ty — An onl a teing oh obj ey en Se oo dithinguisheble prove fel eed of college Emplejer In conte Primary y= = Gt du Sot of enti ies of Oe Same, ee ak shasetele See’ loan, NO Pag rment Aiisdble ~ fy ently ce nofsctented by a eek of athyibubes prepeviea on ottebuler ee fe-idy bane one Sher} “ED Customer = nececueteiol 7 Cal Fin cath aifaibuke, Jere cu 0 sok of Por Wed, values cabled fer cloma'a. “ey a |+ _singple | comafosite i ee eo be, a Sid (0 -lao) ie UZ, abed x tenn pan. © {oid ae cn. a eae age tang OA Cay exe Unique B ’ igme )adhwu ee oS tiling, ea Net Uo value nt . BN Sree loreal Ne ak a tetra a cx- phone vio, dayne RoiLNo 3s ved | stop ow. ore eg ES OyNotation of ER Diagsarn Leckuse rlo- + ot gn ER Aiggam , rary notahions aro ustel to cardinatity « essmple= Y L “tompany | express Mo Da ftt to one pcan eee snag et) iy Many ivy a4 one onmnone (randalory) pcp ne Uday or Eeevntny vid oO 2040 on ore (optional ) ional) Vii) yq_Zebo_on mony Cob frojecls Mapping Constraints Constmaints © gt wi dala ————_~tonskonint Haat expresses 19 0. of entities to which anottek entity Con be golakd via a Selakionghip set: edt dh most taeful in descodbing ee nelatonship sets Jest moga = than two enki ty Sets - on tian jalakonship Set R on an entity seh A 4B, Heed four mapbiny casdinakbities + involve “ one to one Caleay ti) one to mony (tem) my Many to One (Mt) ivy Many to Mon (Mim)mbP dt On aguociahon among eueral enif has K a - Fale, —— Son Relationsmp set gh ot sek of rulafionships of ie same ype Cutlornex, loan S ca 2 bs } sano 7 Ln - Connectivity carci ; 9k deucnbes 40 mepng ob care | fasdinalilg Bone 4o one Cusodokd enbty instoncay in +2 sulabionthip - oe kt ot tte no of entities © io epeu ten ee eiiad * i\= ! N hich an entity GH Via o pa ieety ect + Done + Many -to one D one to rrr Moy . Af Te anh me f mi won tot e “a Ga 63 ge fs at Pe 6s as fk Sas, a, Ch a y Mary to Mor if 4 % ems Paapel- TGer_o} sabobionship a by 1 erx~r, 4 \ rosy — See aot an, ‘3, 3 &3 fg Eolye on " 2 Binosy 2 Ta foaticipabion Constoirts asthe = Shuloake ee yacht fi) Faskial Pathicibal* f ‘ » Fey end 8 & Bie OP ome eitel ihe peat ~“ Stent ‘one akon ip" J shudent= siti oF pil a s ‘OP cy & ‘th, a ets 55 Ps 83 oe Downloaded from PwoWaitsca _keys Leckure nlo- + Qt da ned to uniquely ideat! data from eo -tinble- 9F dt aha identify Srelalionshipt bebioven tables + Ee On Student table » TP ve sued fe at cea eae vie awed 03. Fey becawe it ih any second Oh too of to establish € Prisnosy key a ad My Condicale Fey oy foreign ey Pore key :— 5 aahich is sued to Hentify one and 9t vt tee fist ke : only One jnstanco of Gn eably uniquely - = 1 > Paierasy Key * one +ee condidale Sa chosen a7 tee pd esith eh ea Meat it Ycon never hows nul) Rend dusplicales idale key i . Condi an attribule oF Bek of an attribute zahich tan Lin iquely ident by oo tuple + The servainin) odisvbules except fon pracy key ote @nsidered a4 a Candidate keg |Super Key 3 ~ gk da ack cf on ciinibule -sohice Go uniquely identfy o 4 d é 2 4b os Supers of 2 Gondidak key ex- gn he abow Empogee table , (e-id» E-name) ee name of emplayecs game, bub 42ci% gid Gon'+ be some qed combinaken &a alse be a Key 60 Foseign key 3— v + Foneign Kk ato ee Cclumn cf eo table aohich 4 usta +o point aes Primony key of anoteet sable - Super Tandidake =Ledwe wo-g'* Grenenalizabion + 9b Gr uke a bottom-up apbaoach jin Which -koo om mens entities of lomer level Combine to -fonm a higher level entity if Hey hove ome atfeibuks io Common . a eis, entities axe Combined -o0 —foim A more. generalized enlity . res subclasses aXe Combined do make a superclass ie [ia Speciobizalion 2 St uk a top down approad » and dt dr opposite to generalization © On Hein, One into two lower — ‘level entities age da sued to Wovtty “he abet of on entity sel teat dares some duvtingishirg chanactesistics higher level entity ton be bnokent downPaesticn— Sn Oggregahion . Hees nelation bekoeen -too entities de 45ealed as a single ently +90 A as , gelabionship with Its corresponding eat tics ce aggregated iat 0 highes evel entity = —| CovueReduction of ER diogem to Tae” +26 notakions , and Necion of tables . “The databaie Gn be Stepnesented _asins ol ~feure notations can be seduced to a & « “These ase some points for Converting “Ho ER diatom +o tte table - Db Entily Type becomes a table YAN ingle Valued aisdbule becomes a column -fo4 table- Ws key atfoibule of tee entity type noparended by ee purer he 1 The Multi valued atedloule i gupesiented hy 0 Seperate ctable - % Composite ated bube pepaerented hy Components. vi. Derived athJbules ase nate considerd in eo “oble - atininadad fram TrinlllaiteSubject Subjetl id Subjed. rlere Lectuser—id “Table Stow chur. Fa -© Embiy «et OED GY Coahiy Eonplagee ar er » Entity gel with Gmpostte atisdbule Emplgee a 2 eae / = TW [ramd gai? Ta [OF | HeA cee Trill | S Entity sek wilh MultValued attaibute Ci) Che) EG (Crovs}) td_| nome) Phone Employee t | fom | 464 1 hgam " f f ase » gam | 964 Pl PP % trantlotiy siehationship éet into a -table a felabienshifp be with kay catoint- —D> one to dre roping ently : a tov mepartence zm canlome | gales aie anne Danes : a 6k 1 |r Tor | ese 2] & | toe 3 | is "31 ee a Ve VY Ba an ~ ony 2 table © Mony to one hot ping aie ~> Same at one +o man AR (aia, 1b) » @ CBI ES) a @ many to kory Hofhing fot A (ants) , a(brm) » R (Arb) one yo one y © Ca }-—-<@)_[ AR( ay ,058) |, B( bt jbo) ol A(% 2) , BR( bb %)% Relohions hip Seb cwith kay (onstyaint + forkcipabin soitiotas * Each dept a trequited +o hate exochy one empleyen af A mance - iP tow sa | constsaint, meg be gelahonship set table with on entity ger table . = of He enbily act totauy fase pees Fosuign Hy cath ot Hull ens Cem) — Ce ront) ‘D.id ; teepli r ae adpt Hons = ee =a aa ae aking (sith salako ee _& a © {a} —— «ede [e => oh eas oi oy ‘hey condtattnint: pron both ate ides of an entity seb caith total patiicipabon em oheuck biresy galabionthip vey ingle table - > AaB (81 On bir ba) 9 & £ ass possible talon you g Find ea mine ro. of tables eat- styanilake feo abe ER dizer into Relational Nodal - QD @ tere e( bm c (at) Ra( bye) by) ARR: (ante SheA(: 45) 2 a (25,22 ee, BR Rahs ( bibs Bs S14) Rs (A) CR3 (C1 2) \o D3 tole ; ve & (a6 €; (a 2) E (bv 13,0 ") 3,Extended E-R Medel Leetioentestil™ + Tre ER Model -that vis Suppoated with addi tonal) Atmantic concepts Called extended entity selahon shif mods! 0% EER model. The EER rnedel includes Concepts of, Ais Gufsiaal (ak cicdel, tegehier HA He foltocsing Additional concepts - “ Is specialization i} Grenesalizahon ye Aggregation Grenetabization :— gt i tre proces of defining o mone general entity type -fyrom Q seF mone tied entity she © Gt wa bottom. up approac oe Ep Steck Creme Peston tr a duperday , if Customer and Employee ane = Subclou. Patton 03 Haghet Eob'ty leuc! and Custornes and Erpovee a3 ower Entity model |Specialization te BE a qo pHoeed of designing Aabgrouping within an entity ae + 9+ dh a top down proces - co gee) Ci (binvaale : ive Engineer1D Conualeptes ff o )s w (tole ipaeb) Fae] al 1) poabepliery/ Gy leon eppoh) cai Gnstwet on EER dayam Syn Hee fipltoraing cetesiphan (am r (ok J (wowe ) { | | (fea Hne) = Fay ewe] Be i | [a = hate 3 a | By A Enon maintains Asconds off ify Atudeld 4 Po pawnes Pe which 4e8y home enoled. gf AMowa Shulnt.id name, adden 4 tho. ot bluder-, nd fea pivots Conlon, Pitels, Pinar 4 dusston. A ctudent it cideos a pak time oh a fun time “hdend~ Cony one of Hen ype) fr Skudent «ton Ste fea na eye } and @ Pq: wi ae agra ee |